Waste battery recycling device

Abstract

The utility model relates to a waste battery recycling device which is used for carrying out thermal desorption screening pretreatment on battery waste. The waste battery recovery processing device comprises a directional shearing unit and a vibration thermal desorption unit, the shearing unit is provided with a cutter, the cutter conducts directional shearing on raw materials to obtain sheared materials, the vibration thermal desorption unit comprises a vibration thermal desorption furnace and a screening box, the vibration thermal desorption furnace is provided with a vibration device, and the screening box is provided with a screening device. According to the device and the process disclosed by the utility model, the traditional pretreatment processes of discharging, disassembling, crushing, thermal desorption, sorting and the like can be simplified, the pretreatment efficiency is improved, the industrialization cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the sorting effect is optimized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of waste battery recycling and processing, and in particular to a waste battery recycling and processing device. Background Technology

[0002] Metal (lithium, sodium, etc.) ion batteries mainly consist of a metal casing, positive electrode, negative electrode, separator, and electrolyte. The recycling of spent metal-ion batteries primarily involves recovering the valuable metals from the active materials of the positive electrode. Currently, these active materials mainly include lithium iron phosphate, lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, and ternary materials. The negative electrode contains copper foil, and its main materials include graphite, mesophase carbon microspheres, petroleum coke, and carbon fiber. The positive and negative electrode sheets of metal-ion batteries are bonded to aluminum and copper foil using adhesives. Spent metal-ion batteries contain toxic substances as well as valuable and scarce metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and manganese. They possess strong resource attributes, and improper handling not only causes significant environmental damage but also results in a substantial waste of non-renewable resources. The green, resource-efficient recycling and reuse of spent metal-ion batteries is a pressing and challenging issue that the new energy industry urgently needs to address.

[0003] Based on process characteristics, the recycling processes for waste metal-ion batteries can be divided into pyrometallurgical recycling and hydrometallurgical recycling. Hydrometallurgical recycling, with its advantages of high product purity and convenient reuse of recycled products, has become the mainstream process for recycling waste metal-ion batteries. Its main steps include discharging, disassembly, crushing, sorting, leaching of valuable metals, and separation and purification, as detailed in the instruction manual. Figure 1 As shown.

[0004] In engineering applications, the processes of discharging, disassembling, crushing, and sorting are generally referred to as pretreatment. The effectiveness of pretreatment directly determines the efficiency and ease of subsequent wet recycling. Specifically, when substances containing aluminum, copper, iron, etc., such as current collectors and casings, fail to be effectively separated from active materials during the pretreatment stage and enter the subsequent wet leaching stage, regardless of the reagent used for leaching and recovery, metallic impurities such as aluminum, iron, and copper will inevitably enter the liquid phase, forming impurity elements that are difficult to separate and purify later. The separation process is not only complex and lengthy, causing additional resource consumption, but also inevitably results in the entrainment loss of the target metal during the impurity removal and purification stage, leading to a low recovery rate of the target metal. Furthermore, these metals will inevitably enter the final product, becoming harmful substances that affect the performance of the end battery product. Therefore, the sorting effect of the pretreatment stage directly affects the comprehensive economic and social benefits of subsequent wet treatment and even the overall recycling process of waste metal-ion batteries.

[0005] Regarding the crushing and sorting process alone, the current process generally includes the following steps: after crushing and heat treatment, the powder and metallic substances such as copper, aluminum and iron are obtained by using physical separation methods such as fine crushing, air separation, magnetic separation and gravity separation, either individually or in combination. For example, CN209348803U discloses a waste lithium-ion battery crushing and sorting device, which includes: a feeding device; a coarse crusher, the feeding end of which is connected to the discharge end of the feeding device, the coarse crusher being used to cut the waste lithium-ion batteries into materials with a size of 5-10cm; a crusher, the feeding end of which is connected to the discharge end of the coarse crusher, the crusher being used to crush the material into battery fragments with a size of 15-20mm; a multi-stage sorting device, the feeding end of which is connected to the discharge end of the crusher, the multi-stage sorting device being used to separate most of the black powder, plastic separators, and steel shells from the battery fragments; and a pyrolysis furnace, the feeding end of which is connected to the discharge end of the multi-stage sorting device, the pyrolysis furnace being used to separate the binder, electrolyte, and incompletely separated plastic separators from the material. The system comprises: a pyrolysis furnace; a material cooling chamber, the feed end of which is connected to the discharge end of the pyrolysis furnace; a second vibrating screen, the feed end of which is connected to the discharge end of the material cooling chamber, used to separate black powder from the pyrolyzed material; a fine crusher, the feed end of which is connected to the discharge end of the second vibrating screen, used to crush copper and aluminum in the material into materials with a size of 1-3mm and to abrade and disperse the remaining black powder in the material; a separator, the feed end of which is connected to the discharge end of the fine crusher; a third vibrating screen, the feed end of which is connected to the discharge end of the separator, used to separate black powder from copper and aluminum in the material; and a jig, the feed end of which is connected to the discharge end of the third vibrating screen, used to separate copper and aluminum.

[0006] The aforementioned approach ultimately results in the crushing of the alumina and copper, aluminum, and iron metal components into millimeter-sized fine particles with minimal differences in actual spherical surface area. This process is not only lengthy and involves complex equipment, but also presents significant operational difficulties and high costs. Furthermore, it requires multiple sorting devices. In addition, most crushing equipment involves repeated, disordered crushing (such as ball mills, rod mills, hammer crushers, single / twin-shaft crushers, and roller crushers). During the crushing process, highly ductile copper, aluminum, and iron metal components are repeatedly squeezed and kneaded, resulting in the encapsulation of large amounts of black powder. This makes subsequent sorting and recovery difficult. Even with shear crushing equipment, the material undergoes repeated shearing and crushing within the crusher, making it difficult to prevent the active layer from being compacted and active substances from becoming trapped within the current collector and other metallic phases. Moreover, the current crushing process ultimately pulverizes copper foil, aluminum foil, shells, and other metallic phases into millimeter-sized fine powders, resulting in a mixture of black powder, alumina, and iron powders. Therefore, due to various reasons, the recovery rate of the powder and metal phase in the current crushing mode is low, and the content of metal impurities such as aluminum, copper and iron in the black powder is high (usually higher than ≥4%), which greatly reduces the sorting efficiency and effect. This not only results in poor economic benefits in the pretreatment stage, but also greatly increases the difficulty and cost of extraction and purification in the subsequent wet process.

[0007] Furthermore, current heat treatment equipment is usually an externally heated rotary kiln or a fixed oxygen-free furnace, where pyrolysis and screening are carried out at different stages. In the operation of an externally heated rotary kiln, the lithium battery crushed material is continuously turned and squeezed under the heat inside the furnace. The shell, aluminum foil, copper foil, black powder and other materials collide, squeeze and rub against each other, inevitably causing the black powder that has been desorbed or loosened after pyrolysis to re-adhere to the surface of the shell, aluminum foil, copper foil and other materials or embed itself in the interior of these materials. In contrast, the fixed oxygen-free furnace mostly uses static thermal desorption. The above pyrolysis methods all have varying degrees of uneven thermal desorption, difficulty in removing some of the electrode powder from the aluminum foil and copper foil, and separation during the pyrolysis and screening process, resulting in low black powder desorption efficiency and poor desorption effect. Utility Model Content

[0008] This invention provides a waste battery recycling and processing device to solve at least one of the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0009] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows:

[0010] A waste battery recycling and processing device includes a directional shearing unit and a vibration thermal desorption unit;

[0011] The directional shearing unit includes: a shearing device, which is equipped with a cutter, and the cutter performs directional shearing of battery waste into sheared material;

[0012] The vibratory thermal desorption unit includes a vibratory thermal desorption furnace and a screening box. The vibratory thermal desorption furnace is equipped with a vibration device, which vibrates the screening box to perform vibratory thermal desorption screening integrated processing on the sheared material.

[0013] The sheared material is processed by the vibration thermal desorption unit and then the material is screened in the screening box to obtain undersize and oversize. The undersize includes battery black powder.

[0014] Furthermore, the directional shearing unit further includes: a first conveying device, which is provided with a plurality of conveying rollers, the plurality of conveying rollers forming a conveying roller track; or, it further includes a pressing device, which presses the battery waste onto the conveying roller track and cooperates with the conveying roller track to convey the battery raw materials to the shearing device.

[0015] Furthermore, the thermal desorption furnace is provided with a thermal desorption chamber, and a positioning plate is provided at the bottom of the thermal desorption chamber. A positioning groove is provided on the positioning plate, and the positioning groove is used to receive the screening box.

[0016] Furthermore, multiple vibration devices are provided, and the multiple vibration devices are evenly distributed at the bottom of the positioning plate. The height and vibration parameters of the multiple vibration devices can be adjusted independently.

[0017] Furthermore, the directional shearing unit is also equipped with a control system, the control system including:

[0018] The processing terminal is electrically connected to the directional shearing unit. The processing terminal stores parameters including raw material type, cutter type and shearing frequency. The processing terminal adds or changes the corresponding stored parameters according to actual needs. The processing terminal includes parameter settings for dynamically adjusting the shearing according to the raw material type and shearing requirements.

[0019] The detection device is installed on the first conveying device and electrically connected to the processing terminal. The detection device detects the type and size parameters of the raw material and generates corresponding detection information, which is then transmitted to the processing terminal.

[0020] Furthermore, the screening box is equipped with a screening plate, which has through holes. The screening plate divides the screening box into a collection area and a thermal desorption area. The area of ​​the through holes on the screening plate increases in the direction towards the collection area. The screening box has ventilation holes around its sides and top. The bottom of the screening box is the collection area, which is equipped with a collection drawer or collection box. The thermal desorption area is located above the screening plate. The top of the screening box is an openable and closable door.

[0021] Furthermore, the waste battery recycling and processing device also includes a second conveying device, which is located between the directional shearing unit and the vibration thermal desorption unit. The screening box moves from the directional shearing unit to the thermal desorption chamber in the vibration thermal desorption unit through the second conveying device.

[0022] Furthermore, the second conveying device conveys the screening box to the positioning groove of the positioning plate at the bottom of the thermal desorption furnace.

[0023] Furthermore, the waste battery recycling and processing device also includes a scraping device, which is disposed on the screening plate and includes:

[0024] A scraper, which scrapes on the sieve plate, promotes the black powder to fall into the collection area through the through hole;

[0025] A fixing element is located at the center of the screening plate;

[0026] A telescopic connector is connected at both ends to the fixing member and the scraping member, respectively. The scraping member moves relative to the fixing member within the screening box via the telescopic connector. Preferably, the telescopic connector includes a telescopic spring, a telescopic rod, or a combination thereof.

[0027] Furthermore, the scraper is provided with a storage groove, which makes the scraper a three-dimensional hollow structure.

[0028] A method for recycling and processing waste batteries using the aforementioned waste battery recycling and processing device includes the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Convey the waste battery material into the directional shearing unit;

[0030] Step 2: Operate the directional shearing unit to directionally and orderly shear the battery waste into sheared material that falls into the screening box, and then transport the screening box into the vibrating thermal desorption furnace;

[0031] Step 3: Start the vibration thermal desorption unit to perform vibration thermal desorption screening on the sheared material in the screening box;

[0032] Step 4: Turn off the vibratory thermal desorption unit, remove the screening box, and complete the raw material desorption and screening process.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0034] 1. The battery thermal treatment process is simple. After the battery is discharged, it can be directly sheared without disassembly. The traditional discharge, disassembly, crushing, thermal desorption and sorting are simplified to discharge, shearing and thermal desorption separation processes. The disassembly and sorting processes are eliminated, and the crushing and sorting processes are effectively simplified and optimized. The processing efficiency is greatly improved, and the investment in closed plants, equipment and power costs is reduced. The processing cost is significantly reduced, and the safety hazards that are difficult to overcome in the current disassembly process are avoided from the root.

[0035] 2. The pure dry process effectively avoids the use of wet desorbents such as acids and alkalis, as well as organic solvent desorbents, eliminating lithium leaching loss, reagent volatilization pollution of the operating environment, and health threats to operators during wet processing. It also avoids the defects of poor material adaptability, high cost, and difficult and costly post-processing of organic reagents.

[0036] 3. The waste lithium batteries and / or the cells and / or electrodes obtained after dismantling are cut into strips or sheets of a set length in a regular and oriented manner. There is no need to crush them to the fine particle level. This avoids the black powder being trapped and the large amount of metal powder mixed in caused by the traditional disorder and / or multiple crushing. It effectively solves the separation and recycling problem faced by subsequent wet recycling from the root.

[0037] 4. By integrating the screening box with the vibrating thermal desorption furnace, thermal desorption and screening can be achieved simultaneously. Vibration, thermal desorption and screening are carried out at the same time in the thermal desorption furnace, which not only effectively enhances thermal desorption and optimizes the desorption process, but also effectively avoids the difficulty of subsequent wet separation caused by the pulverization of metal materials. It can effectively separate the electrode sheet, shell and other materials from black powder under hot conditions, and achieve high-quality and efficient thermal desorption raw material separation pretreatment.

[0038] 5. The cutting parameters are electrically controlled by the control system according to the raw materials and processing requirements to further optimize the shearing process.

[0039] 6. A scraping device is installed on the screen plate. During the screening process, the height and / or amplitude of the adjustable vibration device are adjusted so that the screening box is tilted at different positions and angles during vibration. This achieves multi-directional vibration while the scraping device loosens and scrapes the powder accumulated on the screen plate by relying on its own weight and the force of vibration in the extension and contraction direction of the connecting parts. This allows the powder to pass smoothly through the screen holes and enter the collection area. The screening effect is optimized through a simple structure. Attached Figure Description

[0040] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0041] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a typical waste power battery processing procedure provided in the background art of this application;

[0042] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process structure of the thermal desorption waste battery recycling and processing device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0043] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0044] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B;

[0045] Figure 5 for Figure 2 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point C;

[0046] Figure 6 A top-view structural diagram of the assembly of the screening plate and scraping device provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the overall process principle of the thermal desorption waste battery recycling and processing device provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0048] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0049] 100. Directional shearing unit; 110. First conveying device; 111. Conveying roller; 120. Pressing device; 130. Shearing device; 131. Cutter; 200. Screening box; 210. Screening plate; 211. Collection tray; 212. Through hole; 300. Scraping device; 310. Scraping component; 311. Collection trough; 320. Fixing component; 330. Telescopic connector; 400. Battery waste; 500. Sheared material; 600. Vibrating thermal desorption furnace; 610. Vibrating thermal desorption chamber; 611. Positioning plate; 612. Positioning groove; 620. Air inlet; 630. Exhaust outlet; 640. First furnace door; 650. Second furnace door; 660. Heating element; 700. Vibrating device; 800. Second conveying device. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application. It is understood that the accompanying drawings are provided for reference and illustration only, and are not intended to limit this application. The connection relationships shown in the accompanying drawings are only for clear description and do not limit the connection method.

[0051] Specifically, such as Figure 2-6 As shown in the figure, this application provides a waste battery recycling and processing device. The device is mainly used for the waste battery processing process, specifically for shearing, thermal desorption and screening of the battery waste 400 in the waste battery. The device mainly includes a directional shearing unit 100 and a vibration thermal desorption unit.

[0052] First, the battery waste 400 is directionally sheared by the directional shearing unit 100. The directional shearing unit 100 includes a first conveying device 110, a pressing device 120, and a shearing device 130. The first conveying device 110 is provided with multiple conveying rollers 111, which are arranged to form a conveying roller track. The battery waste 400 is placed on the conveying roller track so that the conveying rollers 111 can convey the battery waste 400 to the pressing device 120. The pressing device 120 includes an elastic pressing member. The elastic pressing member and the conveying roller track cooperate to press and fix the battery waste 400 on the conveying roller track. The end of the elastic pressing member is provided with a conveying roller 111, so that the battery waste 400 can be transmitted and fixed by the conveying rollers 111 on both sides. The battery waste 400 is then conveyed to the shearing device 130 for shearing.

[0053] After the battery waste 400 is transported to the shearing device 130, the shearing device 130 shears the battery waste 400. The shearing device 130 includes a cutter 131, which is located on one side of the battery waste 400. The shearing frequency of the cutter 131 can be controlled by the processing terminal in the control system, so as to facilitate the directional and orderly shearing of the battery waste 400 as needed to form sheared material 500.

[0054] The vibratory thermal desorption unit includes a vibratory thermal desorption furnace 600 and a screening box 200. The vibratory thermal desorption furnace 600 is equipped with a vibratory thermal desorption chamber 610 and a heating element 660, with the heating element 660 disposed within the vibratory thermal desorption chamber 610. A vibration device 700 is installed within the vibratory thermal desorption furnace 600. The screening box 200, containing sheared material 500, is fed into the vibratory thermal desorption furnace 600, where vibratory thermal desorption and screening are performed at a certain temperature to obtain separated battery black powder. In other words, after the waste battery material 400 sequentially passes through the directional shearing unit 100 and the vibratory thermal desorption unit, the undersize battery black powder and the oversize material are obtained. No further crushing treatment is performed on the waste battery material 400.

[0055] In the above process, the embodiments of this application can perform shearing processing on different types of battery waste 400, including but not limited to raw materials in different stages or states such as batteries, cells, and electrode sheets.

[0056] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, the bottom of the vibrating thermal desorption furnace 600 is provided with a positioning plate 611, and a positioning groove 612 is provided on the positioning plate 611 for receiving the screening box 200.

[0057] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, a plurality of vibration devices 700 are provided below the positioning plate 611. In this embodiment, the number of vibration devices 700 varies from 1 to 20. To ensure the vibration effect, it is preferable to have 8 to 12 vibration devices 700. This number of vibration devices 700 is evenly distributed relative to the bottom of the positioning plate 611, which can fully vibrate the screening box 200 and avoid excessive vibration that could damage the equipment.

[0058] In the above structure, the height of each vibration device 700, as well as the amplitude and frequency of vibration, can be adjusted independently, so that each vibration device 700 can operate independently without interfering with each other.

[0059] By adjusting the number, distribution, and function of the 700 vibration devices, the vibration screening process can be further optimized, thereby improving the control and final effect of the thermal desorption screening process of the electrode powder.

[0060] The vibration device 700 is located between the positioning plate 611 and the bottom of the thermal desorption furnace. During the thermal desorption process, the vibration device 700 vibrates the screening box 200 to perform thermal desorption screening. Organic matter such as electrolyte, binder, and separator decomposes under anaerobic hot conditions and generates gas, which is discharged through the exhaust port 630. The exhaust port 630 is connected to a waste gas treatment device. At the same time, the electrode powder falls off the electrode sheet under the action of vibration thermal desorption and screening, and enters the collection tray 211 through the screening plate 210 to complete the thermal desorption and screening, and obtain battery powder.

[0061] Based on the above embodiments, the directional shearing unit 100 includes a plurality of cutters 131, which can be of different types to meet the cutting requirements of different raw materials.

[0062] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, the directional shearing unit 100 further includes a control system, which is electrically connected to the directional shearing unit 100, thereby enabling the control system to control the shearing operation of the directional shearing unit 100.

[0063] As a further embodiment of this utility model, based on the above embodiments, the control system includes: a processing terminal, which is electrically connected to the shearing device 130. The processing terminal stores parameters including raw material type, cutter type 131, and shearing frequency. The stored parameters can be added or changed according to the actual raw material type and shearing requirements. Depending on the type of raw material, the processing terminal stores multiple parameters, such as the names of different types of battery waste 400 and corresponding photographs, cutter type 131, and shearing frequency of cutter 131. The processing terminal stores multiple editable parameters, which can be modified and adjusted by operators to meet different shearing requirements.

[0064] To control the shearing process, a detection device is also included in the control system. This detection device is mounted on the first conveying device 110 and electrically connected to the processing terminal. The detection device detects the type and size parameters of the waste battery material 400 and generates corresponding detection information, which is then transmitted to the processing terminal. This signal transmission is achieved through methods such as... Figure 7 The signal is transmitted via lines ① and ②. When the processing terminal processes and identifies the detection information and outputs the corresponding cutter 131 type and shearing frequency output signal to control the shearing device 130, the transmission of this signal is achieved through... Figure 7 The signal is transmitted through line ③, and the type and cutting frequency of the cutter 131 are adjusted according to the output signal to cut the battery waste 400 accordingly.

[0065] As a further embodiment of this utility model, based on the above embodiments, a screening plate 210 is provided inside the screening box 200. The screening plate 210 has through holes 212, which divide the screening box 200 into a material collection area and a thermal desorption area. The area of ​​the through holes 212 in the screening plate 210 increases in the direction towards the material collection area. Ventilation holes are provided around the box body and at the top of the screening box 200. The arrangement of the through holes 212 around the box body and at the top of the screening box 200 ensures that heat can be uniformly and quickly conducted to the raw material in the screening box 200 during the thermal desorption process. Moreover, the size of the through holes 212 around the box body and at the top is smaller than the size of the through holes 212 on the screening plate 210, so as to prevent the powder from flowing out from the sides and top of the screening box 200.

[0066] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, the bottom of the screening box 200 is a material collection area, and the material collection area is provided with a material collection drawer 211; the top of the screening box 200 is an openable and closable door panel. When it is necessary to put the sheared material 500 into the screening box 200, the openable and closable door panel is opened, and the sheared material 500 is put into the screening box 200. After the placement is completed, the openable and closable door panel is closed.

[0067] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, a second conveying device 800 is also included. The second conveying device 800 is located between the directional shearing unit 100 and the vibratory thermal desorption unit. The second conveying device 800 is used to convey the screening box 200 into the thermal desorption furnace. Further, the second device conveys the screening box 200 into the positioning groove 612 on the positioning plate 611 at the bottom of the thermal desorption furnace. The second conveying device 800 may be an industrial robot or a robotic arm.

[0068] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, the thermal desorption furnace is provided with an air inlet 620 and an exhaust port 630 communicating with the furnace cavity of the thermal desorption furnace. The air inlet 620 is connected to a protective gas pump, and the exhaust port 630 is connected to a waste gas treatment device. The waste gas treatment device collects and treats the waste gas generated by the sheared material 500.

[0069] After the battery waste 400 is sheared by the directional shearing unit 100, it enters the screening box 200. The screening box 200 is equipped with a screening plate 210, and a collection tray 211 is provided below the screening plate 210. The top of the screening box 200 is an openable and closable door. When it is necessary to perform vibration thermal desorption on the sheared material 500, the top door of the screening box 200 is closed, and it is transported to the thermal desorption furnace by the second conveying device. The thermal desorption furnace is equipped with a first furnace door 640 and a second furnace door 650 for screening. The screening box 200, transported by the second conveying device, enters the thermal desorption chamber through the first furnace door 640. When the screening box 200 is fully inside the thermal desorption chamber, the first furnace door 640 and the second furnace door 650 are closed. The thermal desorption furnace is equipped with an air inlet 620 and an exhaust port 630. The air inlet 620 is connected to a protective gas pump, which releases protective gas into the thermal desorption chamber to expel oxygen and prevent reaction between oxygen and the sheared material 500 during high-temperature desorption. The protective gas can be an inert gas, including nitrogen, as long as it prevents oxygen from reacting with the sheared material 500.

[0070] As a further embodiment of this utility model, based on the above embodiments, in order to maintain its thermal desorption effect, a scraping device 300 is also provided on the screening plate 210. The scraping device 300 can scrape off the material on the upper part of the screening plate 210. The scraping device 300 includes:

[0071] The scraper 310 scrapes on the sieve plate 210 to promote the falling of the polar powder through the through hole 212 into the collection area;

[0072] The fixing member 320 is located at the center of the screening plate 210;

[0073] The telescopic connector 330 is connected at both ends to the fixing member 320 and the scraper member 310, respectively. The scraper member 310 moves relative to the fixing member 320 within the screening box 200 via the telescopic connector 330.

[0074] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, a storage groove 311 is provided on the scraping member 310, and the storage groove 311 makes the scraping member 310 a hollow structure.

[0075] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, the area of ​​the receiving groove 311 near the sieve plate 210 is more than 150% of the area of ​​the through hole 212 on the sieve plate 210, and the non-hollow area accounts for less than 30% of the total area of ​​the scraper 310; the height of the scraper 310 is more than 1cm.

[0076] As a further embodiment of the present invention, based on the above embodiments, the telescopic connector 330 includes a telescopic spring or a telescopic rod, which pushes and pulls the scraper 310 under the drive of the vibration device 700 to scrape the screening plate 210.

[0077] During vibratory thermal desorption, organic materials such as binders, separators, and electrolytes are desorbed under anaerobic thermal conditions. Electrode powder falls off the aluminum foil and / or copper foil under vibration. The fixing member 320 is rotatably connected in the middle of the screening plate 210, so that when high-temperature desorption is performed in the screening box 200, the scraper 310 moves on the screening plate 210 by setting the height or amplitude of the vibration device 700. This process can, on the one hand, help to create limited disturbance in the sheared material 500 and promote uniform heating of the bottom sheared material 500; on the other hand, the battery waste 400 will shed electrode powder after being heated. If a large amount of electrode powder accumulates on the screening plate 210, it will block the through hole 212 and prevent the electrode powder from entering the collection tray 211 through the through hole 212. The movement of the scraper 310 can scrape the electrode powder accumulated on the screening plate 210 to avoid the electrode powder blocking the through hole 212 and optimize the process of the electrode powder falling into the collection tray 211 through the through hole 212. In order to further prevent the through hole 212 from being blocked by battery waste 400, the area of ​​the through hole 212 is increased in the direction towards the collection tray 211.

[0078] This application embodiment also provides a method for recycling and processing waste batteries using the above-mentioned waste battery recycling and processing device, characterized by the following steps: Step 1: Conveying waste battery material 400 into a directional shearing unit 100; Step 2: Operating the directional shearing unit 100 to directionally and orderly shear the waste battery material 400 into sheared material 500, which falls into a screening box 200, and then conveying the screening box 200 into a vibrating thermal desorption furnace; Step 3: Starting the vibrating thermal desorption unit to perform vibrating thermal desorption screening of the sheared material 500 in the screening box 200; Step 4: Turning off the vibrating thermal desorption unit, removing the screening box 200, and completing the raw material desorption and screening process. Through the above method, a simple and efficient pretreatment process for waste battery material 400 is achieved.

[0079] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical methods of this utility model and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical methods of this utility model without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical methods of this utility model.

Claims

1. A waste battery recycling and processing device, characterized in that, Includes directional shearing units and vibrational thermal desorption units; The directional shearing unit includes: a shearing device, which is equipped with a cutter, and the cutter performs directional shearing of battery waste into sheared material; The vibratory thermal desorption unit includes a vibratory thermal desorption furnace and a screening box. The vibratory thermal desorption furnace is equipped with a vibration device, which vibrates the screening box to perform vibratory thermal desorption screening integrated processing on the sheared material. The sheared material is processed by the vibration thermal desorption unit and then the material is screened in the screening box to obtain undersize and oversize. The undersize includes battery black powder.

2. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The directional shearing unit further includes: a first conveying device, which is provided with a plurality of conveying rollers, the plurality of conveying rollers forming a conveying roller track; or, it further includes a pressing device, which presses the battery waste onto the conveying roller track and cooperates with the conveying roller track to convey the battery raw materials to the shearing device.

3. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal desorption furnace is provided with a thermal desorption chamber, and a positioning plate is provided at the bottom of the thermal desorption chamber. The positioning plate has a positioning groove for receiving the screening box.

4. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vibration device is provided in multiple ways, and the multiple vibration devices are evenly distributed at the bottom of the positioning plate. The height and vibration parameters of the multiple vibration devices can be adjusted independently.

5. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The directional shearing unit is further provided with a control system, the control system including: The processing terminal is electrically connected to the directional shearing unit. The processing terminal stores parameters including raw material type, cutter type and shearing frequency. The processing terminal adds or changes the corresponding stored parameters according to actual needs. The processing terminal includes parameter settings for dynamically adjusting the shearing according to the raw material type and shearing requirements. The detection device is installed on the first conveying device and electrically connected to the processing terminal. The detection device detects the type and size parameters of the raw material and generates corresponding detection information, which is then transmitted to the processing terminal.

6. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screening box is equipped with a screening plate with through holes, which divides the screening box into a collection area and a thermal desorption area. The area of ​​the through holes on the screening plate increases in the direction towards the collection area. The screening box has ventilation holes around its sides and top. The bottom of the screening box is the collection area, which is equipped with a collection drawer or collection box. The thermal desorption area is located above the screening plate. The top of the screening box is an openable and closable door.

7. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The waste battery recycling and processing device also includes a second conveying device, which is located between the directional shearing unit and the vibration thermal desorption unit. The screening box moves from the directional shearing unit to the thermal desorption chamber in the vibration thermal desorption unit through the second conveying device. Furthermore, the second conveying device conveys the screening box to the positioning groove of the positioning plate at the bottom of the thermal desorption furnace.

8. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The waste battery recycling and processing device further includes a scraping device, which is disposed on the screening plate and includes: A scraper, which scrapes on the sieve plate, promotes the black powder to fall into the collection area through the through hole; A fixing element is located at the center of the screening plate; The telescopic connector is connected at both ends to the fixing member and the scraping member, respectively, and the scraping member moves relative to the fixing member within the screening box through the telescopic connector; The telescopic connector includes a telescopic spring, a telescopic rod, or a combination thereof.

9. The waste battery recycling and processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The scraper is provided with a storage groove, which makes the scraper a three-dimensional hollow structure.

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