Photovoltaic heat storage and collection system

Abstract

The utility model provides a photovoltaic heat storage and collection subsystem, and the subsystem comprises a DC energy supply system which is used for providing DC electric energy; the confluence control box is connected to the direct current energy supply device, and the junction box is connected to the confluence control box and used for circuit division and electric quantity transmission between the confluence control box and the heat storage water tank; and the heat storage water tank is connected to the confluence control box. The system has the advantages that a photovoltaic power generation system distributed on the roof is directly connected into the indoor heat storage and heat preservation water tank of a residence user, a direct current heating and mains supply complementation mode system is utilized, a clean energy hot water system is achieved, and a new application mode of zero-carbon energy hot water is created; a centralized photovoltaic module array is adopted, specifically, photovoltaic modules are distributed on the roof of a building in a centralized mode, a certain number of modules are connected in series to form a group, then a plurality of groups of photovoltaic groups are connected in series and in parallel and converged to form a unit with a certain generating capacity, and the electricity utilization requirement of a user is met.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to photovoltaic technical field, concretely relates to a photovoltaic heat collection and distribution system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rationally and effectively utilize residential building roof photovoltaic power generation to drive indoor water tank electric heating or heat pump heating to provide domestic hot water for users, and the system form of hot water (heat storage) creates a new energy supply mode, which not only installs photovoltaic system to reduce carbon emission of users, but also effectively solves hot water demand of users, uses zero carbon concept to cut into household hot water market in building field, and has wide development prospect in future.

[0003] At present, large-area photovoltaic power generation in the market is all connected to the grid or used after being inverted by an inverter, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic inverter is generally about 90%, and the power generation efficiency of inverters of different models and brands is different, which seriously reduces the use efficiency of photovoltaic power generation.

[0004] In the published patent literature, for example, the invention patent application No. CN201610867565.9 discloses an invention named all-weather multipurpose photovoltaic heat storage system and method, the system includes a solar photovoltaic system, a photovoltaic current intelligent distributor, a photovoltaic stove system, a power storage and power transformation system, and a controllable solid or liquid heat storage body, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system is connected with the photovoltaic current intelligent distributor; the photovoltaic current intelligent distributor is a device that can control the input of photovoltaic current into different systems at different times by electronic program; the photovoltaic current intelligent distributor includes a photovoltaic current intelligent distribution host, a plurality of sensors and a plurality of intelligent distribution terminals; the electric heating solid or liquid heat storage body therein is made of a mixture of carbon fibers and phase change materials, and is made into different shapes under the wrapping of good thermal insulation materials, and is then placed in the space position of the building wall, underground or ground.

[0005] For another example, the invention patent application No. CN202010790431.8 discloses an invention named photothermal and photovoltaic complementary and collaborative power generation system and operation method, which includes a photovoltaic power station, a photothermal power station, an electric heating system, a current collection system, a control system and a power grid, the photovoltaic power station includes a photovoltaic array and an inverter, and the photothermal power station includes a photothermal heat collection system, a heat storage system and a power generation system; the output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with the power supply interface of the electric heating system and the current collection system through the inverter, the photothermal heat collection system is connected with the heat storage system, the heat storage system is connected with the power generation system, the output end of the power generation system is connected with the current collection system, the control system is connected with the control end of the current collection system, and the output end of the current collection system is connected with the power grid; the system and operation method can realize complementary and collaborative power generation of photovoltaic and photothermal, and have strong self-adjusting capability.

[0006] For another example, the patent application No. CN202011295593.0 discloses a maximum power point tracking circuit and method of off-grid photovoltaic heat storage system, the system includes a photovoltaic cell panel, a photovoltaic converter for converting the direct current output by the photovoltaic cell panel into alternating current, and a heat load, the tracking circuit includes: a load controller, N contactors and M remote IO modules; wherein the first end of each of the contactors is connected to the output end of the photovoltaic converter, and the second end of each contactor is connected to one heat load respectively; each remote IO module is connected to one or more contactors; the load controller is used to sample the output voltage of the photovoltaic converter, and according to the comparison of the output voltage and the predetermined voltage, the remote IO module controls the attraction and breaking of the connected contactor, and the heat load is put in and cut out, so as to realize the maximum power point tracking function of the off-grid photovoltaic heat storage system.

[0007] The above patent application cannot reasonably solve the problem of reducing carbon emissions of users by photovoltaic system, and effectively meet the hot water demand of users. SUMMARY

[0008] The utility model aims at the shortage of prior art, provides a photovoltaic heat storage and distribution system.

[0009] The utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

[0010] A photovoltaic heat storage and distribution system, comprising:

[0011] A direct current energy supply system for providing direct current energy;

[0012] A busbar control box connected to the direct current energy supply device, which improves the input power of the photovoltaic module array and intelligently distributes the direct current energy provided by the photovoltaic module array;

[0013] A junction box connected to the busbar control box for circuit division and electric quantity transmission between the busbar control box and the hot water storage tank;

[0014] A hot water storage tank connected to the busbar control box, which receives electric energy according to the distribution of the busbar control box and consumes the received electric energy, and stores the electric energy in the form of heat energy.

[0015] Further, the direct current energy supply system includes a photovoltaic module array and a cable connected to the photovoltaic module array, wherein the cable is connected to the busbar control box.

[0016] Further, the busbar control box includes an MPPT controller, an integrated control board, a shunt circuit breaker and a micro electric quantity sensor, the MPPT controller is connected to the integrated control board, the integrated control board is connected to the shunt circuit breaker, and the shunt circuit breaker is connected to the micro electric quantity sensor.

[0017] Furthermore, the hot water storage tank mainly includes: a mounting bracket, an outer shell, a DC heating element, an AC heating element, a temperature probe blind tube, an inspection port, an inspection cover, a sealing gasket, a leakage protection plug, a controller, an insulation material layer, an inner tank, a hot water inlet, a magnesium rod, a cold water inlet, and an MC4 connector, wherein:

[0018] The hot water storage tank is equipped with a cold water inlet pipe and a hot water outlet pipe. The cold water inlet pipe is located at the cold water inlet, and the hot water outlet pipe is located at the hot water inlet. The inlet end of the cold water inlet pipe passes through the hot water storage tank and is connected to the outlet end of the inlet pipe. The outlet end of the hot water outlet pipe passes through the hot water storage tank and is connected to the inlet end of the water pipe. A controller is installed on the hot water storage tank. The controller is electrically connected to the DC heating element, and the AC heating element is electrically connected to the leakage current protector installed on the leakage current protection plug of the housing through the controller.

[0019] One end of the inner liner is provided with an opening, and an end cap for sealing the opening is provided at the opening. A sealing gasket is provided on the contact surface between the end cap and the inner liner. Both the DC heating element and the AC heating element are provided on the end cap.

[0020] A temperature probe blind tube is provided on the end cap, and the temperature probe blind tube is electrically connected to the controller.

[0021] The inner liner is disposed within the outer shell, and an insulation material layer is disposed between the inner liner and the outer shell.

[0022] The housing is provided with an inspection port, and the inspection port is provided with an opening and closing cover for sealing the inspection port.

[0023] The bottom of the hot water storage tank is provided with an installation groove, and the bottom of the installation groove is provided with a through hole communicating with the inside of the hot water storage tank. A detachable magnesium rod is provided at the through hole, and the main body of the detachable magnesium rod is located inside the hot water storage tank.

[0024] The hot water storage tank is equipped with a bracket on the back side for fixing the hot water storage tank to the wall.

[0025] Furthermore, the hot water storage tank includes an intelligent controller, which is connected to the electric auxiliary heater and the AC power supply.

[0026] Furthermore, the hot water storage tank is connected to the cold water pipeline and the hot water pipeline, and the cold water pipeline and the hot water pipeline are connected to the indoor water supply terminal.

[0027] Furthermore, the hot water storage tank is an electrically assisted heating hot water storage tank, and the electrically assisted heating is divided into DC electric auxiliary heating and AC electric auxiliary heating.

[0028] Furthermore, the integrated control board includes a control unit, a communication interface, a heat dissipation system, and a reactor, all of which are existing technologies.

[0029] Furthermore, the circuit breaker is existing technology and includes: an operating mechanism, a contact system, and a trip unit system. The contact system is mounted on an insulating base plate and consists of stationary contacts, moving contacts, springs, connecting rods, and supports. The arc-extinguishing chamber uses steel cardboard material and dozens of iron sheets as arc-extinguishing grids to enhance the extinguishing of the electric arc. The operating mechanism consists of an operating handle, an electromagnet operating mechanism, and a powerful spring. The trip unit system is equipped with an overload long-delay trip unit, a short-circuit instantaneous trip unit, an undervoltage trip unit, and a shunt trip unit.

[0030] Furthermore, the trip unit system is a universal circuit breaker with an electronic trip unit. The universal circuit breaker with an electronic trip unit can integrate the protection functions of overload long delay, short circuit instantaneous, short circuit short delay, undervoltage instantaneous and time-delay trip into one component, and use the shunt trip unit to disconnect the circuit breaker. All of these are existing technologies.

[0031] Furthermore, the micro-current sensor is an AHKC-HAX solar-specific Hall current sensor, which includes: an input terminal, an output terminal, an indicator light, and a voltage sensor.

[0032] Furthermore, the photovoltaic thermal energy storage distribution system is equipped with junction boxes, including:

[0033] Power input port, used to connect to a power source;

[0034] Cables are used to connect to external power sources;

[0035] The output port is used to output power, and provides a connection between the structural components that require power and the output port.

[0036] LED indicator lights are used to indicate whether the power is on;

[0037] The outer shell is manufactured according to the needs of different industrial applications, and meets the functions of explosion-proof, leakage-proof, collision-proof, waterproof, and antimagnetic.

[0038] Furthermore, the DC power supply device includes: a photovoltaic module, a power line, and an MC4 connector, wherein the photovoltaic module is connected to the MC4 connector via the power line.

[0039] Compared with the prior art in this field, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0040] 1. The photovoltaic thermal storage and distribution system described in this utility model utilizes a rooftop distributed photovoltaic power generation system, which is directly connected to the residential user's indoor thermal storage and insulation water tank. The system uses DC power (or heat pump) heating in a complementary manner with the mains power to realize a clean energy hot water system, creating a new application model for zero-carbon energy hot water.

[0041] 2. The photovoltaic thermal storage and distribution system described in this utility model adopts a centralized photovoltaic module array: photovoltaic modules are centrally deployed on the roof of a building, and the modules are connected in series in a certain number as a group. Several groups of photovoltaic modules are then connected in series and parallel to form a unit with a certain power generation capacity to meet the user's electricity demand.

[0042] 3. The photovoltaic thermal storage collection and distribution system described in this utility model adopts decentralized electric thermal storage: the DC power generated by the photovoltaic is not connected to the grid, but is distributed to the thermal storage and insulation water tank installed indoors by the residents. The DC heater in the water tank heats the indoor water tank to a certain temperature to meet the user's daily hot water needs. When the sunlight is insufficient, the mains power is used for supplementary heating.

[0043] 4. The photovoltaic thermal storage and distribution system described in this utility model has the function of local photovoltaic power generation without grid connection: In view of the fact that the grid connection of photovoltaic power generation in residential buildings has resulted in a large number of abandoned projects due to issues such as property rights and profit distribution, and the grid connection scheme of photovoltaic power generation in residential buildings also has the problem of grid absorption capacity. The technical solution of this utility model effectively solves the reasonable interests of photovoltaic power generation in various types of residential buildings, saving energy and reducing carbon emissions.

[0044] 5. The photovoltaic thermal storage and distribution system described in this utility model achieves optimal power matching: The photovoltaic power generation changes continuously with the intensity of sunlight. To maintain the maximum power generation of the photovoltaic modules under different irradiance intensities, the DC load needs to be adjusted to achieve the best match between the power generation of the photovoltaic string and the load power. The controller set in this utility model has super computing power and the ability to quickly calculate and adjust data.

[0045] 6. The photovoltaic thermal storage distribution system of this utility model includes a distribution controller: a certain number of photovoltaic modules are connected in series and parallel to a centralized controller. The centralized controller realizes the DC power supply of the distribution circuit and performs reasonable matching of load power (increase or decrease of household resistive load). The information of the indoor water tank is collected through the household controller and instructions are sent to the household water tank controller, and the instructions are executed quickly according to the program.

[0046] 7. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage distribution system described in this utility model has an information platform + remote monitoring function: a cloud database center is established to upload information of each system to the database for rapid data processing and calculation. The system executes the project's household work instructions according to a scientific management procedure and can upgrade the household terminal control program through the network to carry out energy-scientific operation and management of all household terminals (indoor water tanks) under the system.

[0047] 8. The photovoltaic thermal storage and distribution system described in this utility model can realize the sensing of power information and the calculation of carbon emission reduction: the water tank temperature and DC power information collected by the indoor water tank controller and the power generation and power transmission information of the photovoltaic modules collected by the centralized controller are classified and written into the cloud database. Then, the energy-saving and emission reduction effect is calculated through the algorithm, and dynamic carbon management is realized according to the carbon emission reduction. The carbon reduction value is calculated based on 0.5703 kg of carbon dioxide for every 1 kWh of electricity saved, and the emission reduction economic benefits are significant. Attached Figure Description

[0048] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system described in the embodiments of this utility model;

[0049] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the photovoltaic module array in the photovoltaic thermal storage and distribution system described in this embodiment of the present invention, and the structure at the connection point with the combiner control box.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the combiner control box in the photovoltaic thermal storage and distribution system described in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 Included with instruction manual Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle;

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hot water storage tank in the photovoltaic thermal energy storage system described in this embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be combined with each other.

[0054] Example

[0055] A photovoltaic thermal energy storage distribution system, such as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it includes:

[0056] A DC power supply system is used to provide DC power.

[0057] The combiner control box 2 is connected to the DC power supply device to increase the input power of the photovoltaic module array and intelligently distribute the DC power it provides;

[0058] The junction box is connected to the combiner control box 2 and is used for circuit division and power transmission between the combiner control box 2 and the hot water storage tank 3;

[0059] The hot water storage tank 3 is connected to the junction control box 2. It receives electrical energy according to the allocation of the junction control box 2 and consumes the received electrical energy, storing it as heat energy.

[0060] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-2 As shown, the DC power supply system includes a photovoltaic module array 1 and cables connected to the photovoltaic module array 1, wherein the cables are connected to the combiner control box 2.

[0061] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 2-3 As shown, the combiner control box 2 includes an MPPT controller 2.1, an integrated control board 2.2, a branch circuit breaker 2.3, and a micro-current sensor 2.4. The MPPT controller 2.1 is connected to the integrated control board 2.2, the integrated control board 2.2 is connected to the branch circuit breaker 2.3, and the branch circuit breaker 2.3 is connected to the micro-current sensor 2.4. Figure 3 The dashed line between the integrated control board 2.2 and the micro-power sensor 2.4 is a signal line used for signal transmission, transmitting the data detected by the micro-power sensor 2.4 to the integrated control board 2.2.

[0062] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 4-5 As shown, the hot water storage tank 3 mainly includes: a hanging bracket 3.1, an outer shell 3.2, a DC heating element 3.3, an AC heating element 3.4, a blind temperature probe tube 3.5, a maintenance cover 3.6, a sealing gasket, a leakage protection plug 3.7, a controller 3.8, a thermal insulation layer 3.9, an inner tank 3.10, a hot water inlet 3.11, a magnesium rod 3.12, a cold water inlet 3.13, and an MC4 connector; wherein:

[0063] The hot water storage tank 3 is internally equipped with a cold water inlet pipe and a hot water outlet pipe. The cold water inlet pipe is located at the cold water inlet 3.13, and the hot water outlet pipe is located at the hot water inlet 3.11. The inlet end of the cold water inlet pipe passes through the hot water storage tank and is connected to the outlet end of the inlet pipe. The outlet end of the hot water outlet pipe passes through the hot water storage tank and is connected to the inlet end of the water pipe. The hot water storage tank 3 is equipped with a controller 3.8. The controller 3.8 is electrically connected to the DC heating element 3.3, and the AC heating element 3.4 is electrically connected to the leakage current protector on the leakage current protection plug 3.7 of the outer casing 3.2 through the controller 3.8.

[0064] The inner liner 3.10 is disposed inside the outer shell 3.2, and a heat-insulating material layer 3.9 is disposed between the inner liner 3.10 and the outer shell 3.2;

[0065] One end of the inner liner 3.10 is provided with an opening (not shown in the figure), and an end cap (not shown in the figure) for sealing the opening is provided at the opening. A sealing gasket is provided on the contact surface between the end cap and the inner liner 3.10. The DC heating element 3.3 and the AC heating element 3.4 are both provided on the end cap.

[0066] A temperature probe blind tube 3.5 is provided on the end cap, and the temperature probe blind tube 3.5 is electrically connected to the controller 3.8;

[0067] The outer casing 3.2 is provided with an inspection port (not shown in the figure), and the inspection port is provided with a maintenance cover 3.6 for sealing the inspection port;

[0068] The bottom of the hot water storage tank 3 is provided with an installation groove (not shown in the figure). The bottom of the installation groove is provided with a through hole that communicates with the inside of the hot water storage tank 3. A detachable magnesium rod 3.12 is provided at the through hole. The main body of the detachable magnesium rod 3.12 is located inside the hot water storage tank 3.

[0069] The hot water storage tank 3 is provided with a bracket 3.1 on its back side, which is used to fix the hot water storage tank 3 to the wall.

[0070] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the hot water storage tank 3 includes an intelligent controller, which is connected to the electric auxiliary heater and the AC power supply.

[0071] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the hot water storage tank 3 is connected to the cold water pipeline and the hot water pipeline, and the cold water pipeline and the hot water pipeline are connected to the indoor water supply terminal.

[0072] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the hot water storage tank 3 is an electric auxiliary heating hot water storage tank, and the electric auxiliary heating is divided into DC electric auxiliary heating and AC electric auxiliary heating.

[0073] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the integrated control board includes: a control unit, a communication interface, a heat dissipation system, and a reactor, all of which are existing technologies.

[0074] In a specific embodiment of this utility model, the shunt circuit breaker is existing technology and includes: an operating mechanism, a contact system, and a trip system. The contact system is mounted on an insulating base plate and consists of stationary contacts, moving contacts, springs, connecting rods, and supports. The arc-extinguishing chamber uses steel cardboard material and dozens of iron sheets as arc-extinguishing grids to enhance arc extinguishing. The operating mechanism consists of an operating handle, an electromagnet operating mechanism, and a powerful spring. The trip system is equipped with an overload long-delay trip unit, a short-circuit instantaneous trip unit, an undervoltage trip unit, and a shunt trip unit.

[0075] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the trip unit system is a universal circuit breaker with an electronic trip unit. The universal circuit breaker with an electronic trip unit can integrate the protection functions of overload long delay, short circuit instantaneous, short circuit short delay, undervoltage instantaneous and time-delay trip into one component, and use the shunt trip unit to disconnect the circuit breaker. All of these are existing technologies.

[0076] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the micro-current sensor is an AHKC-HAX solar-specific Hall current sensor, which includes: an input terminal, an output terminal, an indicator light, and a voltage sensor.

[0077] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the photovoltaic thermal energy storage distribution system is equipped with a junction box, which is the terminal of the distribution cable or optical cable, connecting the distribution cable or optical cable and the user line, and branching the main line; converting one power signal into multiple outputs, including:

[0078] Power input port, used to connect to a power source;

[0079] Cables are used to connect to external power sources;

[0080] The output port is used to output power, and provides a connection between the structural components that require power and the output port.

[0081] LED indicator lights are used to indicate whether the power is on;

[0082] The outer shell 3.2 is made of materials appropriate to different industrial applications to meet the functions of explosion protection, leakage protection, impact protection, water protection, and magnetic protection.

[0083] In one specific embodiment of this utility model, the DC power supply device includes: a photovoltaic module, a power line, and an MC4 connector, wherein the photovoltaic module is connected to the MC4 connector through the power line.

[0084] Application example:

[0085] The following is a brief introduction to the practical application of the photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system described in this utility model, using a residential community as an example:

[0086] A certain residential building No. 1 has a total of 108 households, with 3 units, 2 households per floor, 18 floors, and approximately 500 square meters of usable installation area on the roof.

[0087] Electrical performance parameters of 550W photovoltaic module: maximum output power is 550W, open circuit voltage is 49.83V, maximum power voltage is 41.31V, short circuit current is 13.8A, maximum power current is 13.32V, and module conversion power is 21.19%.

[0088] The system is designed with 6 groups of modules connected in series, and the average daily power generation is 550W*6*4H=13.2KWH;

[0089] Open circuit voltage: 298.98V, maximum power voltage: 247.86V, maximum power current: 13.32V, short circuit current: 13.8A;

[0090] When the solar radiation changes, the power supply voltage remains relatively stable, while the power supply current fluctuates between 5.3A and 13.3A. The current fluctuation is relatively large. Specifically, the current is 13.32A when the light intensity is 1000W and 5.3A when the light intensity is 400W. The design calculation can be performed based on the light intensity fluctuating between 400-1100W.

[0091] Functional parameters of this utility model:

[0092] (I) Regarding testing and measurement: The parameters that need to be tested and measured by the indoor water tank controller are: water tank temperature, current time, photovoltaic voltage, current, power consumption, mains power consumption, cumulative power consumption, and the calculated daily carbon emission reduction and cumulative carbon emission reduction.

[0093] (II) Functions of Indoor Individual Controller:

[0094] 1. Display function: Displays water tank temperature, Beijing time, daily photovoltaic power supply, and cumulative carbon emission reduction. Status indication function: Indicates DC heating operation, mains heating operation, alarm reminders (over-temperature, fault, leakage, etc.), and mode status indication.

[0095] 2. Button Functions: Temperature adjustment button, mode selection button, timer parameter modification button. Instant heating button. 3. Mode Selection Function:

[0096] (1) Energy saving mode: The mains heating function can only be started manually and will stop after the set temperature is reached;

[0097] (2) Constant temperature mode: Maintains the minimum temperature of the water tank using mains power. The temperature is adjustable and the factory default is 45℃.

[0098] (3) Timer mode: can be timed 3 times a day, temperature set, the timer function is off at factory default;

[0099] (4) Outdoor mode: Electric heating function is off, and photovoltaic heating is limited to a maximum of 45 degrees Celsius;

[0100] 4. Parameter settings: Temperature and timer are adjustable;

[0101] 5. One-click factory reset;

[0102] 6. Remote OTA (Over-The-Air) update: The indoor controller can be upgraded via a remote network.

[0103] 7. Wireless communication function: Through WIFI (requires user network connection to join the control platform), ZigBee (self-built local area network), power line carrier (no need to lay lines, transmitter and receiver), etc., the indoor controller and the rooftop main controller can communicate in time, and transmit the information and status of the indoor water tank to the cloud control program center for centralized management.

[0104] 8. Remote monitoring: The controller can be remotely controlled via an APP, which can monitor the energy consumption of each household, record and display the photovoltaic output voltage, current, power and power generation, collect the number of load users starting and stopping, the voltage, current, power and resistance values ​​of each household, and statistically analyze the photovoltaic usage of each household and the amount of photovoltaic power used. It can also adjust parameters such as water temperature setting and timed mains heating.

[0105] (III) Outdoor centralized controller:

[0106] 1. MPPT tracking function: Performs maximum power tracking on strings with different numbers of parallel connections. By continuously adjusting the load resistance value, it increases or decreases the number of users heating, ensuring the maximum operating voltage of the photovoltaic cells and achieving the maximum power generation under different light intensities.

[0107] 2. Combining function: It combines the current of 3-6 strings and finally distributes it to 2 DC power supply circuits.

[0108] 3. Centralized control function: Collect and analyze data from all online user indoor water tanks, group them according to heating strategies, and continuously cycle through this process until photovoltaic power generation stops.

[0109] 4. 4G communication function: Upload the information collected by the photovoltaic central controller and the indoor water tank to the cloud data platform for analysis and processing, and establish a heating database according to the optimal cycle heating method.

[0110] 5. Communication and connection with indoor water tanks: The centralized controller can communicate with indoor water tanks in a timely manner to collect, organize and classify data.

[0111] 6. Electrical protection functions: The centralized controller has protection functions against current, voltage, leakage, overload, lightning, and DC arcing. Rainproof function: Centralized controllers installed outdoors should have rainproof functionality.

[0112] 7. Calculation and data analysis functions: The centralized controller should have the ability to quickly calculate data information and execute commands; 8. Metering functions: The current, voltage, and power information of each photovoltaic string should be measured and detected, and each load at the user load end should have the functions of current, voltage, and power detection and measurement.

[0113] 9. Carbon emission reduction calculation function: The function calculates and analyzes data such as daily photovoltaic power generation, daily carbon emission reduction, and cumulative carbon emission reduction.

[0114] 10. Display and indication functions: Beijing time, working status indication function for each channel, alarm reminders for over-temperature, fault, leakage, etc.

[0115] 11. Remote OTA (Over-The-Air) update: Enables remote network upgrades for the centralized controller. Mobile phones and computers can monitor and display information such as water temperature, DC power supply and AC power consumption for each household. The system's built-in parameters are adjustable.

[0116] 12. Wireless communication function: Through WIFI (requires user network connection to join the control platform), ZigBee (self-built local area network) and power line carrier (no need to lay lines, transmitter and receiver), the indoor controller and the rooftop main controller can communicate in time, and transmit the information and status of the indoor water tank to the cloud control program center for centralized management.

[0117] (iv) Indoor water tank heating control strategy:

[0118] 1. Given the limited installation space on the rooftop, the number of photovoltaic (PV) installations is limited, and it's unlikely that each household will be equipped with a single PV module. To ensure a balanced energy distribution within the PV power generation system, the following heating and grouping method will be adopted:

[0119] The number of technical components and the number of users in each independent system are reasonably matched according to certain design rules, as shown in the following example:

[0120] A residential building, Building 1, plans to install a distributed solar photovoltaic hot water system on its roof. The building has 18 floors, 3 units, and 2 households per unit, totaling 108 households. The roof can accommodate 90 solar photovoltaic modules with a maximum power of 580W. The designed solar photovoltaic hot water system is divided into 3 independent systems on the roof, with one system per unit. Each system has 30 modules and serves 36 households. Each system receives power from the roof via two vertical lines downwards, or one line from the electrical shaft to each household. Table 1 below simulates a system with two lines to each household.

[0121] Table 1

[0122]

[0123] Each time the photovoltaic heating power reaches the start-up value: above 120V, the indoor water tanks are grouped by number, and 10 households are selected for each system according to the heating strategy and rules to be included in the heating sequence. The number of households heated by each circuit is controlled within the range of 2-5 households. When generating at maximum power, the maximum number of households that can be heated by each circuit is 5. The maximum number of households that can be heated by the two circuits is 10, as shown in Table 2 below.

[0124] Table 2

[0125]

[0126]

[0127] 2. Utilizing a heating grouping system with varying numbers of households: Based on the user's start / stop status, maximum power point tracking is achieved, maximizing the utilization of photovoltaic power and enabling reasonable output allocation.

[0128] (1) When the irradiance is 1000W, the maximum power generation of the system is 17400W; the maximum heating power of each circuit is 8700W; the heating queue is 5 households / circuit, 2 circuits, and a total of 10 households in each system heating queue, with an indoor water tank heating power of 1740W per household.

[0129] (2) When the irradiance is 800W, the maximum power generation of the system is 13920W; the maximum power generation of each circuit is 6960W, the heating queue is 4 households / circuit, and there are a total of 8 households in the heating queue. The average heating power per household is 1740W / household, and the heating strategy is the same.

[0130] (3) When the irradiance is 600W, the maximum power generation of the system is 10440W; the maximum power generation of each circuit is 5220W; the heating queue is 3 households / circuit, and there are a total of 6 households in the heating queue, with an average heating power of 1740W / household.

[0131] (4) When the irradiance is 400W, the maximum power generation of the system is 6960W; the maximum power generation of each circuit is 3480W; the heating queue is 2 households / circuit, and there are a total of 4 households in the heating queue, with an average heating power of 1740W / household.

[0132] The above indoor water tank heating control strategy enables variable adjustment of photovoltaic module power and load power to follow changes under different irradiance intensities.

[0133] This utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system, characterized in that, include: A DC power supply system is used to provide DC power. A combiner control box, connected to the DC power supply system, increases the input power of the photovoltaic module array and intelligently distributes the DC power it provides; the DC power supply system includes: photovoltaic modules, power lines, and MC4 connectors, with the photovoltaic modules connected to the MC4 connectors via the power lines; The junction box is connected to the combiner control box and is used for circuit division and power transmission between the combiner control box and the hot water storage tank; A hot water storage tank is connected to the junction control box. It receives electrical energy according to the allocation of the junction control box and consumes the received electrical energy, storing it as heat energy.

2. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The DC power supply system includes: a photovoltaic module array and cables connected to the photovoltaic modules, wherein the cables are connected to the combiner control box; 3. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bus control box includes: an MPPT controller, an integrated control board, a branch circuit breaker, and a micro-current sensor. The MPPT controller is connected to the integrated control board, the integrated control board is connected to the branch circuit breaker, and the branch circuit breaker is connected to the micro-current sensor.

4. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hot water storage tank mainly includes: a mounting bracket, an outer shell, a DC heating element, an AC heating element, a blind temperature probe tube, an inspection port, an inspection cover, a sealing gasket, a leakage protection plug, a controller, an insulation material layer, an inner tank, a hot water inlet, a magnesium rod, a cold water inlet, and an MC4 connector, wherein: The hot water storage tank is equipped with a cold water inlet pipe and a hot water outlet pipe. The cold water inlet pipe is located at the cold water inlet, and the hot water outlet pipe is located at the hot water inlet. The inlet end of the cold water inlet pipe passes through the hot water storage tank and is connected to the outlet end of the inlet pipe. The outlet end of the hot water outlet pipe passes through the hot water storage tank and is connected to the inlet end of the water pipe. A controller is installed on the hot water storage tank. The controller is electrically connected to the DC heating element, and the AC heating element is electrically connected to the leakage current protector installed on the leakage current protection plug of the housing through the controller.

5. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the inner liner is provided with an opening, and an end cap for sealing the opening is provided at the opening. A sealing gasket is provided on the contact surface between the end cap and the inner liner. Both the DC heating element and the AC heating element are provided on the end cap. The end cap is provided with a temperature probe blind tube, which is electrically connected to the controller. The inner liner is disposed in the outer shell, and a heat-insulating material layer is disposed between the inner liner and the outer shell; The housing is provided with an inspection port, and the inspection port is provided with an inspection cover that can be opened and closed to seal the inspection port.

6. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the hot water storage tank is provided with an installation groove, and the bottom of the installation groove is provided with a through hole communicating with the inside of the hot water storage tank. A detachable magnesium rod is provided at the through hole, and the main body of the detachable magnesium rod is located inside the hot water storage tank.

7. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The hot water storage tank is equipped with a bracket on its back side for fixing it to the wall; the hot water storage tank includes an intelligent controller, which is connected to the electric auxiliary heater and an AC power supply; the hot water storage tank is connected to the cold water pipe and the hot water pipe, which are connected to the indoor water supply terminal; the hot water storage tank is an electric auxiliary heating hot water storage tank, and the electric auxiliary heating is divided into DC auxiliary heating and AC auxiliary heating.

8. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The integrated control board includes: a control unit, a communication interface, a heat dissipation system, and a reactor.

9. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage and distribution system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The circuit breaker includes an operating mechanism, a contact system, and a trip system. The contact system is mounted on an insulating base plate and consists of stationary contacts, moving contacts, springs, connecting rods, and supports. The operating mechanism consists of an operating handle, an electromagnet operating mechanism, and a powerful spring. The trip system is equipped with an overload long-delay trip unit, a short-circuit instantaneous trip unit, an undervoltage trip unit, and a shunt trip unit. The micro-current sensor is an AHKC-HAX solar-specific Hall current sensor, including an input terminal, an output terminal, an indicator light, and a voltage sensor.

10. The photovoltaic thermal energy storage distribution system according to claim 1, wherein the junction box comprises: Power input port, used to connect to a power source; Cables are used to connect to external power sources; The output port is used to output power, and provides a connection between the structural components that require power and the output port. LED indicator lights are used to indicate whether the power is on.

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