Pressing rake prevention device of deep-cone thickener for mine paste filling and deep-cone thickener

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model discloses a deep-cone thickener anti-pressing rake device for mine paste filling and a deep-cone thickener, and relates to the technical field of mine equipment, the deep-cone thickener anti-pressing rake device comprises a top rotary component, a top rotary component, a bottom rotary component and a top rotary component, the top rotary component is coaxially connected to a driving main shaft with a rake frame and is positioned above the rake frame, and the top rotary component is provided with a water injection port and a water outlet; the high-pressure pipeline assembly comprises a main pipeline and branch pipelines, the upper end of the main pipeline is connected to the water outlet and extends downwards to the surface of the scraper blade of the harrow frame along the outer side of the driving main shaft, the branch pipelines are arranged on the surface of the scraper blade along the trend of the scraper blade, and a plurality of connectors are arranged on the side walls of the branch pipelines along the trend of the scraper blade; the ends, close to the driving main shaft, of the branch pipelines communicate with the lower end of the main pipeline, a plurality of steel ball nozzles are arranged on the surface of the scraper in the distribution direction of the branch pipelines, water inlets of the steel ball nozzles are correspondingly connected to connectors of the branch pipelines, and water spraying openings of the steel ball nozzles face the bottom of the tailing cone pool.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mining equipment technology, and in particular to an anti-pressure rake device for a deep cone thickener and a deep cone thickener for filling mineral paste. Background Technology

[0002] In the paste backfilling process after mining, the deep cone thickener plays a crucial role, its main responsibility being to efficiently concentrate materials such as tailings for subsequent processing. However, currently, deep cone thickeners face at least one rake-related problem that urgently needs to be addressed in actual operation.

[0003] Rake compression has always been a key obstacle to the stable operation of deep cone thickeners. During operation, due to the inherent characteristics of tailings and the complex material flow environment inside the equipment, tailings easily accumulate in large quantities around the rake frame. As the accumulation increases, the resistance on the rake frame increases, and the torque also rises. Once the torque reaches the limit that the rake frame can withstand, it will cause rake compression failure. Rake compression not only forces equipment downtime for maintenance, greatly affecting production efficiency, but also significantly increases production costs. More seriously, frequent rake compression can even cause irreversible damage to the equipment structure, drastically shortening the equipment's service life. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides an anti-rake device for a deep cone thickener for filling mineral paste and a deep cone thickener, which can be applied to a deep cone thickener to improve the existing rake pressure problem and avoid direct scouring of the rake frame main shaft and other structures by high-pressure water, fundamentally eliminating problems such as rake frame corrosion, cracks and fatigue damage caused by high-pressure water scouring.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A deep cone thickener anti-pinch rake device for filling mineral pastes includes:

[0007] A rake frame, including one configured to be connected to a drive spindle;

[0008] The top rotating assembly is coaxially connected to the drive shaft and located above the rake frame. The top rotating assembly is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.

[0009] The high-pressure pipeline assembly includes a main pipeline and branch pipelines. The upper end of the main pipeline is connected to the outlet and extends downward along the outer side of the drive shaft to the scraper surface of the rake frame. The branch pipelines are laid on the surface of the scraper along the direction of the scraper, and multiple interfaces are provided on the side wall of the branch pipeline along the direction of the scraper. The end of the branch pipeline near the drive shaft is connected to the lower end of the main pipeline. Steel ball nozzles are provided on the surface of the scraper along the layout direction of the branch pipelines. Multiple steel ball nozzles are evenly distributed on each branch pipeline. The inlet of the steel ball nozzle is connected to the interface of the branch pipeline, and the spray nozzle of the steel ball nozzle is facing the bottom of the tailings cone pool.

[0010] Optionally, the top rotating assembly includes: a housing having a water inlet on its side wall;

[0011] An upper fixing ring, a rotary center joint, and a lower fixing ring are disposed inside the housing. The upper fixing ring, the rotary center joint, and the lower fixing ring are sequentially fixedly connected to the drive spindle from top to bottom and are rotatably disposed relative to the housing.

[0012] The rotary center joint is connected to the drive spindle via the upper fixing ring. The rotary center joint is a columnar structure with an axial center hole at its center. The axial center hole is configured to mate with the drive spindle. The outer circumference of the rotary center joint has at least one annular groove for forming a high-pressure water channel. The inlet end of the high-pressure water channel is connected to the water inlet. An outlet is provided on the rotary center joint extending downward from the high-pressure water channel.

[0013] The lower fixing ring is provided with multiple pipeline connection channels corresponding to the water outlet, and the upper ends of the multiple main pipelines are connected to the pipeline connection channels.

[0014] Optionally, an upper moving ring and a lower moving ring are provided between the rotary center joint and the side wall of the housing. The upper moving ring and the lower moving ring are fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary center joint and rotate synchronously with the rotary center joint and the rake frame. The upper moving ring and the lower moving ring are arranged correspondingly above and below each other, and there is an axial gap between the upper moving ring and the lower moving ring. The gap forms a water inlet channel that connects with the water inlet end of the high-pressure water channel. The water inlet end of the rotary center joint is connected to the water injection port through the water inlet channel.

[0015] An upper stationary ring is provided above the upper moving ring. A first accommodating space is reserved between the upper moving ring and the upper stationary ring. A plurality of first compression springs are provided in the first accommodating space. The lower end of the first compression spring abuts against the upper surface of the upper moving ring. The upper end of the first compression spring contacts the lower surface of the upper stationary ring in sequence through a first washer and a first wear-resistant rubber ring.

[0016] A lower stationary ring is provided below the lower moving ring. A second accommodating space is reserved between the lower moving ring and the lower stationary ring. A plurality of second compression springs are provided in the second accommodating space. The lower end of the second compression spring abuts against the lower surface of the lower moving ring. The lower end of the second compression spring contacts the upper surface of the lower stationary ring in sequence through a second gasket and a second wear-resistant rubber ring.

[0017] The housing includes annular sidewalls, the top and bottom of which have flanges that bend toward the drive spindle. The flange at the top of the housing abuts against the top of the upper stationary ring, and the flange at the bottom of the housing abuts against the bottom of the lower stationary ring.

[0018] Optionally, a first sealing ring is nested between the upper stationary ring and the side wall of the outer shell, and a second sealing ring is nested between the lower stationary ring and the side wall of the outer shell.

[0019] Optionally, the lower fixing ring is an annular structure, and four water outlets are evenly distributed at the bottom of the lower fixing ring. Each water outlet is connected to the upper end of a steel pipe, so that the high-pressure water flowing into the rotary center joint is evenly distributed to the four steel pipes and transported to the steel ball nozzle on the rake frame.

[0020] Optionally, the steel ball nozzle includes: a nozzle housing, which is a cylindrical structure with an internal channel, a connecting pipe at the front end of the nozzle housing, a water inlet channel communicating with the channel at the center of the connecting pipe, and a first steel ball at the inlet at the junction of the water inlet channel and the channel.

[0021] The main spring is a cylindrical helical spring, which is installed in the main channel inside the nozzle housing. The main channel is part of the orifice. One end of the main spring abuts against the stepped surface at the rear end of the orifice inside the nozzle housing, and the other end contacts the first steel ball.

[0022] A first pressure adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the rear end of the nozzle housing, corresponding axially to the main channel of the nozzle housing. The first pressure adjusting nut has a first overflow channel at its center. A first auxiliary spring is located at the center of the screw of the first pressure adjusting nut. The first overflow channel communicates with the cavity where the first auxiliary spring is located. A second steel ball is located at the end of the first auxiliary spring near the main channel. The screw of the first pressure adjusting nut has a threaded section at its center. An adjusting locking screw is located in the threaded section. One end of the adjusting locking screw abuts against the second steel ball, and the other end of the adjusting locking screw extends into the main channel and is inserted into the main spring.

[0023] Optionally, the sidewall of the nozzle housing is provided with a plurality of stepped through holes along the circumferential direction. The axial diameter of each stepped through hole increases sequentially from the inside to the outside. A third steel ball is provided on the bottom step surface of each stepped through hole. A second auxiliary spring is provided above the third steel ball. A second pressure adjusting nut is threaded into each stepped through hole. A second overflow channel is provided at the center of the second pressure adjusting nut. The second auxiliary spring passes through the second overflow channel.

[0024] Optionally, the scraper of the rake frame includes a first scraper, a second scraper, a third scraper and a fourth scraper connected to the drive shaft and arranged in a cross shape. The first scraper, the second scraper, the third scraper and the fourth scraper are provided with a plurality of steel ball nozzles evenly spaced on the same side.

[0025] Optionally, the angle of the steel ball nozzle is adjustablely mounted on each of the branch pipes.

[0026] Secondly, this utility model embodiment provides a deep cone thickener, including: a cable tray;

[0027] The drive mechanism is mounted on the bridge frame, and the drive mechanism includes a drive spindle on which the anti-pressure rake device described in any of the first aspects is connected.

[0028] The anti-pinch device and deep cone thickener for mine paste filling provided in this embodiment of the utility model can be installed on the deep cone thickener by developing accessories that match the deep cone thickener. When the deep cone thickener is working, high-pressure water can be introduced into the high-pressure pipeline assembly through the top rotary assembly coaxially connected to the drive shaft via the top rotary assembly. After entering the high-pressure pipeline assembly, the water is then transported downwards to the branch pipelines laid on the scraper surface of the scraper on the scraper. Since the water spray nozzles of the steel ball nozzles are set towards the bottom of the tailings cone, the high-pressure water entering the branch pipelines is sprayed from the steel ball nozzles to the bottom of the tailings cone. This allows the high-pressure water to directly act on the area where tailings are easily accumulated, flushing and disturbing the tailings. The continuous high-pressure water spray can effectively disperse and dilute the tailings accumulated around the scraper, avoiding the increase in scraper resistance and torque caused by the large accumulation of tailings. This fundamentally solves the problem of pinch-pinch and ensures the stable operation of the equipment.

[0029] Furthermore, by placing the high-pressure pipeline assembly on the scraper surface of the rake frame, rather than inside the traditional rake frame, and with the main pipeline extending downwards along the outside of the drive shaft and the branch pipelines also laid on the scraper surface, the high-pressure water flow is completely isolated from the rake frame main shaft and the rake frame structure. This completely eliminates the hidden danger of high-pressure water scouring the rake frame main shaft and scraper structure over a long period of time, effectively avoiding corrosion caused by the direct scouring of the rake frame main shaft and other structures by high-pressure water, and thus, to a certain extent, eliminating the problem of cracks and fatigue damage caused by corrosion. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an embodiment of the anti-pressure rake device for a deep cone thickener used for filling mineral paste according to this utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of an embodiment of the anti-crushing rake device;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the top rotating component in this utility model.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the steel ball nozzle of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view of AA;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a structure of an embodiment of the deep cone thickener of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of the anti-pressure rake working method of the deep cone thickener of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely one component embodiment of this utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0040] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This utility model provides an anti-pressure rake device for a deep cone thickener used for filling mineral paste, comprising: a rake frame 1, configured to be connected to a drive shaft 2. The rake frame 1 can be made of special alloy steel to improve its mechanical properties. The rake frame 1 is tightly connected to the drive shaft 2 via connecting components, which can consist of high-strength bolts, nuts, and connecting parts. The connection between the rake frame 1 and the drive shaft 2 must be stable and reliable. To highlight the innovative nature of this utility model, the specific connection between the rake frame 1 and the drive shaft 2 will not be described in detail; please refer to existing descriptions of deep cone thickeners.

[0041] The top rotating assembly 3 is coaxially connected to the drive shaft 2 and located above the rake frame 1. The top rotating assembly 3 has a water inlet 31 and a water outlet 32. The outer shell 33 of the top rotating assembly 3 can be made of cast steel, formed by precision casting, and then finely machined, including turning and grinding, to ensure its dimensional accuracy is within the allowable tolerance range, thus guaranteeing good sealing. The water inlet 31 is specifically located on the side wall of the outer shell 33, configured to match the external high-pressure water supply pipeline for easy and quick connection. During actual installation, a sealing gasket can be placed at the connection between the water inlet 31 and the high-pressure water pipeline. The sealing gasket can be made of high-pressure resistant and corrosion-resistant rubber material, such as fluororubber. Then, fasten it using connectors, strictly controlling the tightening torque of the bolts during the tightening process to ensure a tight connection between the water inlet 31 and the high-pressure water pipeline without leakage.

[0042] The high-pressure pipeline assembly includes a main pipeline 41 and branch pipelines 42. Both the main pipeline 41 and branch pipelines 42 can be made of seamless steel pipes. The wall thickness of the seamless steel pipes is required to withstand a predetermined water pressure, and their inner walls are treated with anti-corrosion measures to provide good corrosion resistance. The upper end of the main pipeline 41 is connected to the outlet 32 ​​and extends downwards along the outer side of the drive shaft 2 to the surface of the scraper 11 of the rake frame 1. The branch pipelines 42 are arranged along the direction of the scraper 11 on its surface, and multiple interfaces are provided on the sidewalls of the branch pipelines 42 along the direction of the scraper 11. The upper end of the main pipeline 41 can be connected to the outlet 32 ​​of the top rotating assembly 3 by welding or using a dedicated sealing fitting to ensure that the connection can withstand the impact of high-pressure water without cracking or leaking. Multiple pipe clamps can be used to fix the main pipeline 41 to the outside of the drive shaft 2 along its downward extension path. One end of the branch pipe 42 near the drive spindle 2 is connected to the lower end of the main pipe 41. The surface of the scraper 11 is provided with steel ball nozzles 7 along the layout direction of the branch pipe 42. Multiple steel ball nozzles 7 are evenly distributed on each branch pipe 42. In some embodiments, the angle of the steel ball nozzles is adjustable on each branch pipe.

[0043] The inlet of the steel ball nozzle 7 is connected to the interface of the branch pipe 42. Multiple interfaces on the side wall of the branch pipe 42 are connected to the inlet of the steel ball nozzle 7 by means of threaded connection or welding. The spray nozzle of the steel ball nozzle 7 is set towards the bottom of the tailings cone pool so as to effectively flush and disturb the tailings when the deep cone thickener is working, and prevent the tailings from accumulating at the bottom and causing rakeing.

[0044] In some deep cone thickeners, if the piping is located inside the rake frame 1, the high-pressure water flow will directly contact the main shaft and structure of the rake frame 1. Under prolonged exposure to high-pressure water, the main shaft and structure of the rake frame 1 are highly susceptible to corrosion. Over time, this corrosion will further lead to cracks, reduce structural strength, and ultimately cause fatigue damage.

[0045] In the anti-pressure rake device for a deep cone thickener used for filling mineral paste provided in this embodiment of the invention, the practice of embedding the high-pressure water passage into the main shaft and interior of the rake frame 1 is abandoned. Instead, an external steel pipe is used to be laid out along the outside of the drive shaft 2 and the rake frame 1. In this way, during the high-pressure water transportation process, water is completely prevented from flowing through the main shaft and interior of the rake frame 1. This fundamentally eliminates the corrosion, cracking, and fatigue damage to the main shaft and structure of the rake frame 1 caused by long-term scouring by high-pressure water. It effectively ensures the rigidity and structural integrity of the main shaft and the rake frame 1, greatly extends the service life of the equipment, effectively improves the stability and reliability of the equipment, and reduces the failures and maintenance costs caused by damage to the internal structure of the equipment.

[0046] To help understand the technical solution and its effects provided by this utility model embodiment, its working principle is described below: During the operation of the deep cone thickener, when the drive shaft 2 starts to rotate under the drive mechanism, the rake frame 1 rotates synchronously. The scraper 11 on the rake frame 1 stirs and pushes the tailings deposited at the bottom of the deep cone thickener. Since tailings are prone to accumulate during sedimentation, if not treated in time, it may cause rake compression. At this time, since the deep cone thickener is equipped with the anti-rake compression device provided by this utility model embodiment, high-pressure water enters the top rotating assembly 3 from the external high-pressure water supply equipment through the water inlet 31. After the high-pressure water enters, it flows out from the water outlet 32 ​​of the rotating center joint and enters the high-pressure pipeline assembly. When the drive shaft 2 rotates, the synchronous rotation of the top rotating assembly 3 and the rake frame 1 can ensure the coordinated operation of the entire anti-rake compression device. During the rotation, the water inlet 31 on the side wall of the top rotating assembly 3 can continuously and stably connect with the external high-pressure water supply pipeline to ensure that the high-pressure water enters uninterruptedly. During the downward transport of high-pressure water, the top rotating assembly 3 and the rake frame 1 rotate coaxially, allowing the high-pressure water to flow more smoothly into the high-pressure pipeline assembly after exiting the outlet 32 ​​of the top rotating assembly 3. The upper end of the main pipeline 41 of the high-pressure pipeline assembly is always closely connected with the outlet 32 ​​of the top rotating assembly 3. If the two do not rotate coaxially, the high-pressure water may experience problems such as poor water flow, unstable pressure, or even leakage during transport due to factors such as pipeline twisting and shaking. By setting the top high-pressure assembly to rotate coaxially with the rake frame 1, it is ensured that the high-pressure water can stably transition from the top rotating assembly 3 to the high-pressure pipeline assembly.

[0047] After the high-pressure water flows down along the main pipeline 41 and the branch pipeline 42 into the steel ball nozzle 7, the high-pressure water is sprayed from the spray nozzle 7 toward the bottom of the tailings cone pool. The sprayed high-pressure water effectively flushes and disturbs the tailings, breaks up the accumulated tailings, and puts them back into a flowing state, which facilitates the mixing and conveying by the scraper 11 of the rake frame 1, prevents the tailings from accumulating at the bottom and causing the rake to be pressed, and ensures the stable operation of the deep cone thickener.

[0048] See Figure 2 In some embodiments, the scraper 11 portion of the rake frame 1 is made of a high-strength and corrosion-resistant metal material, such as stainless steel. The scraper 11 includes a first scraper 11, a second scraper 11, a third scraper 11, and a fourth scraper 11 connected to the drive shaft 2 and arranged in a cross-shaped configuration. This cross-shaped layout allows the rake frame 1 to more comprehensively cover the tailings area at the bottom of the deep cone thickener when rotating, improving the efficiency of tailings mixing and conveying.

[0049] See Figure 3In some embodiments, the top rotating assembly 3 includes: a housing 33, which includes an upper shell and a lower shell, and a water inlet 31 on the side wall of the housing 33; an upper fixing ring 34, a rotating center joint 35, and a lower fixing ring 36 disposed inside the housing 33. The upper fixing ring 34, the rotating center joint 35, and the lower fixing ring 36 are sequentially fixedly connected to the drive spindle 2 from top to bottom and are rotatably disposed relative to the housing 33. The rotating center joint 35 is connected to the drive spindle 2 through the upper fixing ring 34. The rotating center joint 35 is a columnar structure with an axial center hole at the center of the columnar structure. The axial center hole is configured to mate with the drive spindle 2, and the axial center hole and the drive spindle 2 can be installed by an interference fit. The outer circumference of the rotary center joint 35 is provided with at least one annular groove, which is used to form a high-pressure water channel 37. The inlet end of the high-pressure water channel 37 is connected to the water inlet 31 through the water inlet channel. The rotary center joint 35 is provided with an outlet 32 ​​extending downward from the high-pressure water channel.

[0050] The lower fixing ring 36 is provided with multiple pipeline connection channels 38 corresponding to the water outlet 32. The upper ends of multiple main pipelines 41 are connected to the pipeline connection channels 38 to ensure that high-pressure water can stably enter the main pipelines 41.

[0051] In some embodiments, an upper moving ring 391 and a lower moving ring 392 are provided between the rotary center joint 35 and the side wall of the housing 33. The upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 are fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary center joint 35 and rotate synchronously with the rotary center joint 35 and the rake frame 1. The upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 are arranged vertically and vertically respectively, and there is an axial gap between the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392. The gap forms a water inlet channel that connects with the water inlet end of the high-pressure water channel. The water inlet end of the rotary center joint 35 is connected to the water injection port 31 through the water inlet channel.

[0052] An upper stationary ring 393 is provided above the upper moving ring 391. A first accommodating space is reserved between the upper moving ring 391 and the upper stationary ring 393. A plurality of first compression springs 394 are provided in the first accommodating space. The lower end of the first compression spring 394 abuts against the upper surface of the upper moving ring 391, and the upper end of the first compression spring 394 contacts the lower surface of the upper stationary ring 393 through a first gasket 395. In some embodiments, the first gasket 395 is a steel gasket. The first gasket 395 contacts the lower surface of the upper stationary ring 393 through a first wear-resistant rubber ring 396. The first wear-resistant rubber ring 396 is used to provide a durable sealing effect to prevent high-pressure water leakage. The first gasket 395 is used to fix the wear-resistant rubber ring and also plays a buffering role.

[0053] A lower stationary ring 492 is correspondingly provided below the lower moving ring 392. A second accommodating space is reserved between the lower moving ring 392 and the lower stationary ring 492. A plurality of second compression springs 494 are provided in the second accommodating space. The lower end of the second compression spring 494 abuts against the lower surface of the lower moving ring 392. The lower end of the second compression spring 494 contacts the upper surface of the lower stationary ring 492 through a second washer 495. Specifically, the second washer 495 contacts the upper surface of the lower stationary ring 492 through a second wear-resistant rubber ring 496. The second washer 495 and the second wear-resistant rubber ring 496 have the same function as the first washer 395 and the first wear-resistant rubber ring 396, as described above.

[0054] The housing 33 includes an annular sidewall, the top and bottom of which have flanges that bend toward the drive spindle 2. The flange at the top of the housing 33 abuts against the top of the upper stationary ring 393, and the flange at the bottom of the housing 33 abuts against the bottom of the lower stationary ring 492.

[0055] In this embodiment, an upper moving ring 391 and a lower moving ring 392 are provided between the rotary center joint 35 and the side wall of the outer casing 33. The upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 are tightly fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary center joint 35 and rotate synchronously with the rotary center joint 35 and the rake frame 1. Specifically, during installation, the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 can be tightly fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary center joint 35 by means of a key connection. The upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 are arranged vertically and vertically, and there is an axial gap between the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392. The gap forms a water inlet channel that connects with the water inlet end of the high-pressure water channel (located outside the groove on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary center joint 35). The water inlet end of the rotary center joint 35 is connected to the water injection port 31 on the side wall of the outer casing 33 through this water inlet channel, ensuring a smooth inflow path for the high-pressure water.

[0056] An upper stationary ring 393 is correspondingly arranged above the upper moving ring 391. A first accommodating space is intentionally reserved between the upper moving ring 391 and the upper stationary ring 393, and a plurality of first compression springs 394 are arranged in the first accommodating space. The lower end of the first compression spring 394 abuts against the upper surface of the upper moving ring 391, and the upper end of the first compression spring 394 is in close contact with the lower surface of the upper stationary ring 393 through the first gasket 395. During the operation of the deep cone thickener, when high-pressure water passes through the water inlet channel, the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 rotate with the rotary center joint 35, and the first compression springs 394 can adapt to the position change of the upper moving ring 391, always maintaining a close contact between the upper moving ring 391 and the upper stationary ring 393, preventing high-pressure water leakage and ensuring the stability of high-pressure water delivery.

[0057] A lower stationary ring 492 is positioned directly below the lower moving ring 392, with a second accommodating space reserved between them. Within this second accommodating space, multiple second compression springs 494 are also provided. The lower ends of the second compression springs 494 abut against the lower surface of the lower moving ring 392, and the lower ends of the second compression springs 494 contact the lower surface of the lower stationary ring 492 via second gaskets 495. Similar to the sealing principle at the upper moving ring 391, the second compression springs 494 ensure a good sealing effect between the lower moving ring 392 and the lower stationary ring 492 during rotation, further enhancing the overall sealing performance of the device.

[0058] The housing 33 includes annular sidewalls, with flanges 331 at the top and bottom that bend toward the drive shaft 2. The flanges 331 at the top of the housing 33 abut against the top of the upper stationary ring 393, and the flanges 331 at the bottom of the housing 33 abut against the bottom of the lower stationary ring 492, ensuring stable delivery and sealing of high-pressure water during operation and effectively preventing leakage.

[0059] In some embodiments, a first sealing ring 5 is nested between the upper stationary ring 393 and the side wall of the outer casing 33, and a second sealing ring 6 is nested between the lower stationary ring 492 and the side wall of the outer casing 33, further enhancing the sealing performance of the device and effectively preventing high-pressure water leakage at the gap between the rotary center joint 35 and the outer casing 33. In actual operation, even under long-term impact of high-pressure water, the first sealing ring 5 and the second sealing ring 6 can still fit tightly with the upper stationary ring 393, the lower stationary ring 492, and the outer casing 33, working together with the first compression spring 394 and the second compression spring 494 to greatly reduce the risk of water leakage, ensure the stable operation of the device, reduce the risk of equipment failure due to water leakage, and improve the reliability of the device.

[0060] Specifically, the lower fixed ring 36 has a ring structure with four outlets 32 evenly distributed at its bottom. Each outlet 32 ​​is connected to the upper end of a steel pipe. When high-pressure water flows into the rotary center joint 35, it converges at the outlet 32 ​​through the pipe connection channel 38 on the lower fixed ring 36, and then evenly distributes to the four steel pipes, smoothly delivering it to the steel ball nozzles 7 on the rake frame 1. During the high-pressure water delivery process, the lower fixed ring 36 plays a crucial role in stabilizing the water flow, ensuring that the four steel pipes receive uniform water pressure and volume, enabling the steel ball nozzles 7 to comprehensively and effectively flush and disturb the tailings. In actual operation, the flow rate and pressure of the high-pressure water can be appropriately adjusted according to the specific conditions of the tailings and the working status of the thickener to achieve the best anti-caking and anti-rake effect, ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the deep cone thickener.

[0061] In some embodiments, the steel ball nozzle 7 includes a nozzle housing 71 and a main spring 72. The nozzle housing 71 has a cylindrical structure with an internal channel. A connecting pipe 73 is provided at the front end of the nozzle housing 71. A water inlet channel 74 communicating with the channel is provided at the center of the connecting pipe 73. A first steel ball 75 is placed at the inlet of the water inlet channel 74 at the center of the connecting pipe 73 at the junction with the channel. The main spring 72 is a cylindrical helical spring and is installed in a main channel 76 inside the nozzle housing 71. This main channel 76 is part of the channel. One end of the main spring 72 abuts against the stepped surface at the rear end of the channel inside the nozzle housing 71, and the other end is in close contact with the first steel ball 75.

[0062] When high-pressure water flows from the top rotating assembly 3 through the high-pressure pipeline assembly to the steel ball nozzle 7, the high-pressure water acts on the first steel ball 75, pushing it to compress the main spring 72, thereby allowing the high-pressure water to smoothly enter the main channel 76 of the nozzle housing 71, and finally spray out from the spray nozzle 7 towards the bottom of the tailings cone pool, thereby strongly flushing and effectively disturbing the tailings, effectively preventing the tailings from caking, and ensuring the normal operation of the rake frame 1.

[0063] The ball nozzle 7 is also equipped with a first pressure adjusting nut 77. The first pressure adjusting nut 77 is threaded to the rear end of the nozzle housing 71 and corresponds axially to the main channel 76 of the nozzle housing 71. The center of the first pressure adjusting nut 77 is provided with a first overflow channel 78, and a first auxiliary spring 79 is provided at the center of the screw of the first pressure adjusting nut 77. The first overflow channel 78 and the cavity where the first auxiliary spring is located are interconnected. A second ball 80 is provided at the first auxiliary spring 79 near one end of the main channel 76. The center of the screw of the first pressure adjusting nut 77 has a threaded section, and an adjusting locking screw 81 is provided in the threaded section. One end of the adjusting locking screw 81 abuts against the second ball 80, and the other end of the adjusting locking screw 81 extends into the main channel 76 and is inserted into the main spring 72.

[0064] During the operation of the deep cone thickener, if it is necessary to adjust the injection pressure of the steel ball nozzle 7, the first pressure adjusting nut 77 can be rotated to change its axial position at the rear end of the nozzle housing 71, thereby adjusting the compression degree of the first auxiliary spring. This controls the position of the second steel ball 80, ultimately adjusting the flow area connected to the first overflow channel 78, and thus achieving the purpose of adjusting the injection pressure of the main channel 76 of the steel ball nozzle 7. At the same time, rotating the adjusting locking screw 81 causes it to move in the threaded section of the first pressure adjusting nut 77, further fine-tuning the position of the second steel ball 80. This achieves precise control of the injection pressure, ensuring that the steel ball nozzle 7 can adapt to different working environments and tailings conditions, maximizing the anti-pressure rake effect.

[0065] Continue reading Figure 3In some embodiments, the sidewall of the nozzle housing 71 of the steel ball nozzle 7 has multiple stepped through holes distributed along the circumferential direction, and the axial diameter of each stepped through hole increases sequentially from the inside to the outside. A third steel ball 82 is provided on the bottom step surface of each stepped through hole, and a second auxiliary spring 83 is provided above the third steel ball 82. A second pressure adjusting nut 84 is threaded into each stepped through hole, and a second overflow channel 85 is provided at the center of the second pressure adjusting nut 84. The second auxiliary spring 83 passes through the second overflow channel 85.

[0066] In actual operation, once the high-pressure water successfully enters the main channel 76 of the nozzle housing 71, and the water pressure reaches the pressure threshold, it will push the third steel ball 82 to compress the second auxiliary spring 83, causing the high-pressure water to be ejected from the stepped through hole, thus achieving the side spraying function. When it is necessary to adjust the side spraying pressure, the second pressure adjusting nut 84 can be rotated to change its axial position in the stepped through hole, thereby adjusting the compression degree of the second auxiliary spring 83, and thus controlling the position of the third steel ball 82. This allows for the adjustment of the flow area between the second overflow channel 85 and the main channel 76. This enables the steel ball nozzle 7 to flexibly adjust the side spraying pressure and water flow distribution according to the actual distribution of tailings and the working requirements of the thickener, effectively enhancing the mixing effect on tailings, further reducing the possibility of tailings caking, and strongly ensuring the stable operation of the deep cone thickener.

[0067] Furthermore, after the steel ball nozzle 7 is installed on the scraper 11 of the rake frame 1, when high-pressure water is sprayed from the steel ball nozzle 7 at the end of the rake frame 1, the water jet will generate a reverse thrust, which acts directly on the rake frame 1. Specifically, since the nozzles are evenly arranged along the rake frame 1, and the spray axis of each steel ball nozzle 7 is at an angle of 30° to 60° with the plane of the rake frame 1, the reverse thrust is consistent with the clockwise rotation direction of the main shaft of the rake frame 1. This ensures that the reverse thrust matches the clockwise rotation direction of the main shaft of the rake frame 1, providing a more ideal auxiliary rotational power for the rake frame 1 and effectively reducing the rotational torque of the main shaft.

[0068] The distance L between adjacent steel ball nozzles 7 is generally controlled between 150mm and 250mm. When the distance between adjacent steel ball nozzles 7 is within this range, the reverse thrust generated by the water flow from each nozzle can be distributed relatively evenly on the rake frame 1, ensuring the smooth rotation of the rake frame 1, reducing equipment operation problems caused by uneven thrust, and simultaneously reducing the rotational torque of the main shaft and the energy consumption of the equipment.

[0069] In some embodiments, the rake frame 1 includes a first scraper, a second scraper, a third scraper, and a fourth scraper connected to the drive shaft 2 and arranged in a cross shape. On the same side of the first scraper, the second scraper, the third scraper, and the fourth scraper, a plurality of steel ball nozzles 7 are evenly spaced.

[0070] When the drive unit starts, causing the rake frame 1 and the top rotating assembly 3 to rotate around the drive shaft 2, the steel ball nozzles 7 on each scraper 11 continuously change position as the rake frame 1 rotates, flushing and agitating the tailings at the bottom of the tailings cone from different angles and in all directions. Given the uniformly spaced distribution of the steel ball nozzles 7 on each scraper 11, it ensures that the tailings are effectively treated throughout the entire cone, effectively preventing local tailings caking, maintaining good tailings flowability, reducing the operating resistance of the rake frame 1, effectively preventing rake compression problems, and significantly improving the working efficiency and stability of the deep cone thickener.

[0071] Furthermore, by rationally setting the number and spraying parameters of the steel ball nozzles 7 on each scraper 11, the treatment effect on tailings can be further optimized, better adapting to the different requirements of mine paste filling processes. Moreover, the replaceability of the steel ball nozzles 7 extends the overall nozzle lifespan, thereby reducing replacement costs and downtime losses.

[0072] See Figure 6 This utility model also provides a deep cone thickener, including: a bridge frame 100; a drive mechanism (not shown in the figure) disposed on the bridge frame 100, the drive mechanism including a drive spindle 2, and the drive spindle 2 is connected to any of the anti-pressure rake devices described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0073] In this embodiment, by connecting the anti-pressure rake device described in any of the aforementioned embodiments to the drive shaft 2 of the deep cone thickener, since the top rotating component 3 of the anti-pressure rake device is coaxially connected to the rake frame 1 above the drive shaft 2, and the high-pressure pipeline component can effectively deliver high-pressure water to the steel ball nozzle 7 on the surface of the scraper 11 of the rake frame 1, the entire deep cone thickener can continuously flush and disturb the tailings when the high-pressure water is sprayed through the steel ball nozzle 7 during operation, ensuring that the tailings are in a flowing state and effectively avoiding the caking of tailings at the bottom of the deep cone thickener.

[0074] Furthermore, the sealing structure of the top rotating assembly 3 and the external high-pressure water pipe design greatly reduce the damage of high-pressure water to the drive spindle 2 and the rake frame 1. For example, the combination sealing structure of the rotating center joint 35 and the housing 33, consisting of a rotating ring, a stationary ring, and a spring, effectively prevents high-pressure water leakage, avoiding equipment corrosion and damage caused by leakage. The external high-pressure water pipe does not flow through the interior of the spindle and rake frame 1, fundamentally eliminating the risk of high-pressure water scouring and corrosion, thereby extending the service life of the equipment.

[0075] Furthermore, in terms of reducing energy consumption, the reverse thrust generated by the steel ball nozzle 7 is consistent with the rotation direction of the main shaft of the rake frame 1, which effectively reduces the rotation torque requirement of the main shaft, resulting in a significant reduction in the energy consumption of the drive mechanism.

[0076] Finally, during the shutdown process, by gradually reducing the high-pressure water pressure and flow rate, the spring inside the steel ball nozzle 7 is reset to prevent tailings backflow, ensuring normal operation when the equipment is restarted, reducing the maintenance frequency and cost of the equipment, and improving the overall reliability and stability of the deep cone thickener, enabling it to adapt to the needs of long-term, continuous mine paste filling operations.

[0077] like Figure 7 As shown, in some embodiments, this embodiment provides a method for operating a deep cone thickener anti-pinch rake, implemented using the deep cone thickener anti-pinch rake device for mine paste filling as described in any of the foregoing embodiments. The method includes:

[0078] S110. Start the drive device to drive the rake frame 1 and the top rotating assembly 3 to rotate around the drive shaft 2. At the same time, turn on the external high-pressure water supply equipment so that high-pressure water enters from the water inlet 31 of the top rotating assembly 3.

[0079] S120. After the high-pressure water enters the top rotating assembly 3, it flows into the high-pressure water channel on the outer circumference of the rotating center joint 35 through the water inlet channel 74. The high-pressure water gathers in the high-pressure water channel and flows to the water outlet 32 ​​of the rotating center joint 35.

[0080] S130, the high-pressure water flowing out from the outlet 32 ​​of the rotary center joint 35 enters the main pipeline 41 of the high-pressure pipeline assembly through the pipeline connection channel 38 on the lower fixed ring 36. The main pipeline 41 extends downward along the outside of the drive shaft 2 to the surface of the scraper 11 of the rake frame 1, and the high-pressure water is then transported downward.

[0081] S140. The high-pressure water entering the main pipe 41 flows into the branch pipe 42 at the lower end of the main pipe 41. The high-pressure water enters the inlet of the steel ball nozzle 7 through multiple interfaces on the side wall of the branch pipe 42.

[0082] S150. When high-pressure water enters the steel ball nozzle 7, the pressure pushes the main spring 72 and the first steel ball 75, causing the high-pressure water to spray from the nozzle 7 towards the bottom of the tailings cone, flushing and agitating the tailings to prevent rakeing. In actual operation, the pressure and flow rate of the high-pressure water can be adjusted appropriately according to the specific conditions of the tailings and the operating status of the thickener to achieve the best anti-rakeing effect.

[0083] In some embodiments, the method further includes: during the process of high-pressure water entering the high-pressure water channel of the rotary center joint 35, the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 rotate synchronously with the rotary center joint 35 to ensure that the water inlet channel 74 is always connected to the water inlet end of the high-pressure water channel, ensuring that the high-pressure water flows in smoothly; the first compression spring 394 between the upper moving ring 391 and the upper stationary ring 393 and the second compression spring 494 between the lower moving ring 392 and the lower stationary ring 492 provide elastic support for the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 respectively, so that the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 maintain a stable sealing state during rotation.

[0084] In this embodiment, during the rotation of the rake frame 1, the water inlet channel 74 and the inlet end of the high-pressure water channel are always precisely aligned, ensuring that the high-pressure water flows in smoothly without obstruction. Furthermore, during long-term equipment operation, even if a certain degree of vibration or slight wear of components occurs, the first compression spring 394 and the second compression spring 494 can adaptively adjust the positions of the upper moving ring 391 and the lower moving ring 392 to maintain a stable sealing state, prevent high-pressure water leakage, and ensure stable equipment operation.

[0085] In some embodiments, when it is necessary to adjust the injection pressure of the steel ball nozzle 7 during the operation of the deep cone thickener, the method further includes: changing the axial position of the first pressure adjusting nut 77 at the rear end of the nozzle housing 71 by rotating the first pressure adjusting nut 77, thereby adjusting the compression degree of the first auxiliary spring, controlling the position of the second steel ball 80, thereby adjusting the flow area connected to the first overflow channel 78, and realizing the adjustment of the injection pressure of the main channel 76 of the steel ball nozzle 7;

[0086] Meanwhile, by rotating the adjusting locking screw 81, the adjusting locking screw 81 is moved in the threaded section of the first pressure adjusting nut 77, further fine-tuning the position of the second steel ball 80 to precisely control the injection pressure.

[0087] In some embodiments, when it is necessary to adjust the side injection pressure of the steel ball nozzle 7 during the operation of the deep cone thickener, the method further includes: for multiple stepped through holes on the side wall of the nozzle housing 71, by rotating the second pressure adjusting nut 84, changing its axial position in the stepped through holes, adjusting the compression degree of the second auxiliary spring 83, thereby controlling the position of the third steel ball 82, adjusting the flow area between the second overflow channel and the main channel 76, and realizing the adjustment of the side injection pressure.

[0088] In some embodiments, before the deep cone thickener is shut down, the method further includes: gradually reducing the supply pressure and flow rate of high-pressure water to gradually reset the main spring 72, the first auxiliary spring and the second auxiliary spring 83 in the steel ball nozzle 7, pushing the first steel ball 75, the second steel ball 80 and the third steel ball 82 back to the initial closed position to prevent tailings from flowing back into the nozzle and pipeline during shutdown; turning off the high-pressure water supply equipment, stopping the injection of water into the top rotating assembly 3, and then stopping the drive device to stop the rake frame 1 and the top rotating assembly 3 from rotating.

[0089] In summary, the anti-pressure rake device and method for deep cone thickeners used in mine paste filling provided by this utility model effectively prevents tailings caking by adding a top rotation device to the hydraulic power connection point at the top of the rake frame 1, adopting an external high-pressure water pipe layout design, installing double spring-steel ball nozzles 7, and optimizing rotational torque using jet reaction force. This ensures smooth operation of the rake frame 1, significantly reduces the scouring damage of high-pressure water to the main shaft of the rake frame 1, thereby extending the service life of the equipment, greatly improving the anti-clogging ability and service life of the nozzles, successfully utilizing jet reaction force to reduce the rotational torque of the main shaft of the rake frame 1 and optimize power consumption, effectively reducing equipment operating costs and energy consumption, and comprehensively improving the overall working efficiency of the equipment. This provides an efficient, stable, and economical solution for mine tailings thickening treatment.

[0090] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0091] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A deep cone thickener anti-pinch rake device for filling mineral paste, characterized in that, include: A rake frame, including one configured to be connected to a drive spindle; The top rotating assembly is coaxially connected to the drive shaft and located above the rake frame. The top rotating assembly is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. The high-pressure pipeline assembly includes a main pipeline and branch pipelines. The upper end of the main pipeline is connected to the outlet and extends downward along the outer side of the drive shaft to the scraper surface of the rake frame. The branch pipelines are laid on the surface of the scraper along the direction of the scraper, and multiple interfaces are provided on the side wall of the branch pipeline along the direction of the scraper. The end of the branch pipeline near the drive shaft is connected to the lower end of the main pipeline. Steel ball nozzles are provided on the surface of the scraper along the layout direction of the branch pipelines. Multiple steel ball nozzles are evenly distributed on each branch pipeline. The inlet of the steel ball nozzle is connected to the interface of the branch pipeline, and the spray nozzle of the steel ball nozzle is facing the bottom of the tailings cone pool.

2. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top rotating assembly includes: a housing, the side wall of which has a water inlet; An upper fixing ring, a rotary center joint, and a lower fixing ring are disposed inside the housing. The upper fixing ring, the rotary center joint, and the lower fixing ring are sequentially fixedly connected to the drive spindle from top to bottom and are rotatably disposed relative to the housing. The rotary center joint is connected to the drive spindle via the upper fixing ring. The rotary center joint is a columnar structure with an axial center hole at its center. The axial center hole is configured to mate with the drive spindle. The outer circumference of the rotary center joint has at least one annular groove for forming a high-pressure water channel. The inlet end of the high-pressure water channel is connected to the water inlet. An outlet is provided on the rotary center joint extending downward from the high-pressure water channel. The lower fixing ring is provided with multiple pipeline connection channels corresponding to the water outlet, and the upper ends of the multiple main pipelines are connected to the pipeline connection channels.

3. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An upper moving ring and a lower moving ring are provided between the rotary center joint and the side wall of the outer shell. The upper moving ring and the lower moving ring are fixedly sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the rotary center joint and rotate synchronously with the rotary center joint and the rake frame. The upper moving ring and the lower moving ring are arranged correspondingly above and below each other, and there is an axial gap between the upper moving ring and the lower moving ring. The gap forms a water inlet channel that connects with the water inlet end of the high-pressure water channel. The water inlet end of the rotary center joint is connected to the water injection port through the water inlet channel. An upper stationary ring is provided above the upper moving ring. A first accommodating space is reserved between the upper moving ring and the upper stationary ring. A plurality of first compression springs are provided in the first accommodating space. The lower end of the first compression spring abuts against the upper surface of the upper moving ring. The upper end of the first compression spring contacts the lower surface of the upper stationary ring in sequence through a first washer and a first wear-resistant rubber ring. A lower stationary ring is provided below the lower moving ring. A second accommodating space is reserved between the lower moving ring and the lower stationary ring. A plurality of second compression springs are provided in the second accommodating space. The lower end of the second compression spring abuts against the lower surface of the lower moving ring. The lower end of the second compression spring contacts the upper surface of the lower stationary ring in sequence through a second gasket and a second wear-resistant rubber ring. The housing includes annular sidewalls, the top and bottom of which have flanges that bend toward the drive spindle. The flange at the top of the housing abuts against the top of the upper stationary ring, and the flange at the bottom of the housing abuts against the bottom of the lower stationary ring.

4. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first sealing ring is nested between the upper stationary ring and the side wall of the outer shell, and a second sealing ring is nested between the lower stationary ring and the side wall of the outer shell.

5. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The lower fixing ring is a ring structure, and four water outlets are evenly distributed at the bottom of the lower fixing ring. Each water outlet is connected to the upper end of a steel pipe, so that the high-pressure water flowing into the rotary center joint is evenly distributed to the four steel pipes and transported to the steel ball nozzle on the rake frame.

6. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steel ball nozzle includes: a nozzle housing, which is a cylindrical structure with an internal channel; a connecting pipe is provided at the front end of the nozzle housing; a water inlet channel communicating with the channel is provided at the center of the connecting pipe; and a first steel ball is provided at the inlet at the junction of the water inlet channel and the channel. The main spring is a cylindrical helical spring, which is installed in the main channel inside the nozzle housing. The main channel is part of the orifice. One end of the main spring abuts against the stepped surface at the rear end of the orifice inside the nozzle housing, and the other end contacts the first steel ball. A first pressure adjusting nut is threadedly connected to the rear end of the nozzle housing, corresponding axially to the main channel of the nozzle housing. The first pressure adjusting nut has a first overflow channel at its center. A first auxiliary spring is located at the center of the screw of the first pressure adjusting nut. The first overflow channel communicates with the cavity where the first auxiliary spring is located. A second steel ball is located at the end of the first auxiliary spring near the main channel. The screw of the first pressure adjusting nut has a threaded section at its center. An adjusting locking screw is located in the threaded section. One end of the adjusting locking screw abuts against the second steel ball, and the other end of the adjusting locking screw extends into the main channel and is inserted into the main spring.

7. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle housing has multiple stepped through holes along the circumferential direction on its side wall. The axial diameter of each stepped through hole increases from the inside to the outside. A third steel ball is provided on the bottom step surface of each stepped through hole. A second auxiliary spring is provided above the third steel ball. A second pressure adjusting nut is threaded into each stepped through hole. A second overflow channel is provided at the center of the second pressure adjusting nut. The second auxiliary spring passes through the second overflow channel.

8. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraper of the rake frame includes a first scraper, a second scraper, a third scraper, and a fourth scraper connected to the drive shaft and arranged in a cross shape. The first scraper, the second scraper, the third scraper, and the fourth scraper are each provided with a plurality of steel ball nozzles evenly spaced on the same side.

9. The anti-crushing rake device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle of the steel ball nozzle is adjustable and installed on each of the branch pipes.

10. A deep cone thickener, characterized in that, include: Cable tray; A drive mechanism is disposed on the bridge frame, the drive mechanism including a drive spindle, and the anti-pinch rake device according to any one of claims 1 to 8 is connected to the drive spindle.

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