Anchoring type waterproof gasket

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anchoring type waterproof gasket which comprises a gasket body and anchoring supporting legs, the gasket body is provided with an extrusion end and an anchoring end embedded in a duct piece, and the anchoring supporting legs are arranged on the two sides of the anchoring end respectively. Through holes are formed in the gasket body along the cross section of the gasket body and comprise an upper layer through hole formed close to the extrusion end, a middle layer through hole formed between the extrusion end and the anchoring end and a lower layer through hole formed close to the anchoring end. The waterproof gasket has the advantages that the risk that the corner of the gasket body tilts up under the action of water pressure can be reduced, the integrity of a waterproof area is ensured, and the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket is improved; according to the waterproof gasket, stress concentration caused by too large pressure in a local area can be avoided, finally, when the waterproof gasket is compressed, the space in a hole is fully utilized, the compression resistance and the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket are effectively improved, and then the overall waterproof performance and durability of the waterproof gasket are improved; and a secondary waterproof effect is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waterproof gasket technology, specifically to an anchored waterproof gasket. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of urban economies and increased economic investment in various provinces and cities, more and more subway tunnels are being built in major cities across the country. The shield tunneling method, characterized by its minimal environmental impact, high excavation speed, and high degree of automation, is the main construction technology for subway tunnels and an important construction technology for transportation tunnels in my country. However, due to the numerous circumferential and longitudinal gaps between the tunnel segments, the segment joints have always been a weak point in the waterproofing of shield tunnels. Although waterproofing structures using rubber gaskets installed in the trench are commonly adopted, either the gasket assembly pressure is too high, making on-site construction difficult and potentially causing segment cracking, or the gasket contact stress is insufficient, leading to water leakage.

[0003] Water leakage at tunnel joints remains a common problem in shield tunnels, increasing not only the later operation and maintenance costs but also jeopardizing the structural safety of the tunnel due to water erosion. Therefore, strengthening the water-stopping capacity of shield tunnel joints, while ensuring construction performance, is crucial for the operational safety of shield tunnels. Currently, in the engineering field, segment joint waterproofing often uses single-component EPDM rubber (with internal open holes) gaskets or EPDM rubber (with internal open holes) gaskets with a top overlap of water-swellable rubber. The waterproofing mechanism is as follows: EPDM rubber itself is an incompressible elastic material. During segment splicing, the several through holes inside are compressed and collapse, relying on the resilience of the EPDM rubber to generate contact stress to resist water pressure, thus achieving a waterproofing effect. However, while this method can achieve a certain degree of waterproofing for segment joint gaskets, from a design perspective, existing gaskets have the following problems:

[0004] 1. Existing adhesive-based waterproofing gaskets are not securely fixed, leading to water leakage at the tunnel segment connections during use. For example, Chinese invention patent CN116291609A proposes a rear-mounted embedded gasket. While it uses embedded feet and adhesive to improve the gasket's fixing strength, adhesive aging is a significant issue during actual construction. Under prolonged water immersion, the adhesive may gradually lose its adhesiveness, reducing the gasket's fixing effect. Furthermore, ensuring uniform adhesive application during construction can result in insufficient local adhesion, causing the gasket to shift or lift after tunnel segment installation, creating localized seepage channels. Especially during tunnel operation, factors such as ground subsidence or train vibration can subject the gasket to repeated loads, further increasing the risk of adhesive peeling. Therefore, this adhesive-based fixing method has low reliability in long-term use and fails to meet the high standards of waterproofing and sealing required in tunnel engineering.

[0005] 2. Existing water-stop sealing gaskets feature circular holes. While these holes provide significant support under pressure to resist deformation, they also prevent the gasket from deforming completely, hindering a tighter fit between tunnel segments. For example, Chinese utility model patent CN211370436U discloses a non-embedded segment sealing gasket with circular holes. Although this provides some support, this structure has limitations in practical use. First, the circular holes result in high overall rigidity under axial compression, making it difficult to deform and thus unable to fully fill the tiny gaps in the segment joints, affecting the sealing effect. Second, due to the complex construction environment of shield tunnels, misalignment between segments is inevitable. If the gasket's deformation capacity is insufficient, it cannot effectively adapt to these errors, potentially leading to incomplete closure of some joints. Furthermore, with long-term operation, changes in temperature, humidity, and load can cause the gasket to age and harden, further reducing its ability to adapt to deformation and increasing the risk of leakage. Therefore, while circular hole structures can provide support in certain situations, their impact on the overall deformation adaptability of the gasket needs further optimization.

[0006] 3. Currently, some anchored sealing gaskets, such as the anchored elastic sealing gasket for shield tunnel joints disclosed in Chinese utility model patent document CN218150918U, can effectively prevent water from forming a seepage path from the contact surface between the gasket and the tunnel segment, improving the overall waterproofing effect of the shield tunnel. However, their sealing performance is limited under long-term water erosion. First, these gaskets are usually connected to the tunnel segment by pre-embedding or mechanical anchoring. Although this avoids the problem of unstable fixing that exists with adhesive gaskets, the anchoring structure may loosen or fail locally during long-term operation due to the aging effect of the gasket material itself. In addition, under high water pressure, the contact interface between the gasket and the tunnel segment is easily eroded by water, causing the sealing layer to gradually thin, thereby reducing the overall sealing performance. Another key issue is that these gaskets are typically made of elastic materials, such as EPDM or other polymer rubbers. While they provide good waterproof sealing initially, over time, under long-term stress, the rubber material may experience fatigue damage or creep deformation, thus affecting the overall sealing performance of the gasket. Therefore, how to further improve the long-term durability and water erosion resistance of the gasket based on the anchoring structure is an important direction that still needs optimization for this type of technology.

[0007] 4. Some gaskets employ additional reinforcement structures to enhance their resistance to deformation. For example, Chinese invention patent document CN110318778A discloses a gasket that reduces frictional deformation by adding reinforcement material inside the gasket. However, while this type of structure improves the gasket's resistance to deformation to some extent, it also has certain limitations. First, the arrangement of the reinforcement material increases the local stiffness of the gasket, which may lead to localized deformation concentration under uneven pressure, affecting the overall adaptability of the gasket. Second, since the main function of the gasket is to form a flexible sealing barrier between pipe segments, the presence of reinforcement material may weaken the local flexibility of the gasket, reducing its adaptability to complex deformation conditions. Furthermore, the introduction of reinforcement structures usually increases the complexity of the manufacturing process, leading to higher manufacturing costs and potentially affecting the ease of installation. Therefore, how to improve the overall resistance to deformation of the gasket without affecting its local flexibility and sealing adaptability is the key to further optimization of this type of reinforced gasket design.

[0008] 5. Some existing sealing gaskets employ asymmetrical structures. For example, Chinese invention patent document CN114294027A proposes an asymmetrical waterproof sealing gasket that optimizes the sealing effect by adjusting the structure on the water-facing side. However, this type of design may suffer from uneven gasket deformation under specific water pressure conditions, leading to an increased risk of localized leakage. The advantage of an asymmetrical structure is its ability to optimize the sealing effect for situations with higher water pressure on one side. However, during actual tunnel operation, the direction of water pressure may change with groundwater flow, potentially causing the sealing gasket to exhibit different sealing effects under different operating conditions. Furthermore, asymmetrical designs typically imply more complex manufacturing processes and higher precision requirements, thereby increasing production costs and the difficulty of quality control. Therefore, while this type of sealing gasket can provide better sealing performance under certain conditions, its applicability and long-term stability still require further research and optimization.

[0009] 6. Some gaskets incorporate a friction-reducing material layer to reduce misalignment between segments. For example, Chinese invention patent publication CN110284909A proposes a scheme involving adding a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) friction-reducing material layer to the gasket surface. While this design reduces frictional resistance, the properties of the friction-reducing material mean it may peel or age under long-term stress, affecting the gasket's stability and waterproofing performance. Especially under long-term high water pressure, the friction-reducing layer may gradually detach due to water erosion, leading to a decrease in sealing performance. Therefore, this type of technology still requires optimization to improve durability and stability.

[0010] In summary, existing technologies for shield tunnel sealing gasket design still have many shortcomings, mainly including weak fixing methods, limited sealing performance, insufficient long-term durability, and limitations in structural optimization. Therefore, to address these issues, further optimization of the sealing gasket's structural design is needed to improve its overall waterproof performance and durability. Utility Model Content

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is how to improve the overall waterproof performance and durability of waterproof gaskets.

[0012] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0013] An anchored waterproof gasket includes a gasket body and anchor legs. The gasket body has a compression end and an anchor end embedded in a pipe segment. An anchor legs are respectively provided on both sides of the anchor end. The gasket body has through holes along its cross-section. The through holes include an upper through hole near the compression end, a middle through hole between the compression end and the anchor end, and a lower through hole near the anchor end.

[0014] The upper through hole includes two first through holes and two second through holes. The first through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set close to the central axis. The second through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set away from the central axis. The first through holes are in the shape of a quadrangular arc, and the second through holes are in the shape of a semi-star with the star-shaped structure facing the direction of the first through hole. The distance H between the top surface of the first and second through holes and the end face of the extrusion end is 1-2mm.

[0015] The middle layer through-hole includes three third through-holes and two fourth through-holes. The central axis of one third through-hole is coaxial with the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body. The other two third through-holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are close to the middle third through-hole. The fourth through-holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are far from the central axis. The third through-holes are in the shape of a quadrangular arc and the fourth through-holes are in the shape of a hexagonal arc.

[0016] The lower through holes include two fifth through holes and two sixth through holes. The fifth through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set close to the central axis. The sixth through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set away from the central axis. Both the fifth and sixth through holes are oblique arched. The height of the sixth through hole is higher than the height of the fifth through hole, and the height difference h is 1-2mm.

[0017] The curvature of the top and bottom corners of the first through hole is greater than that of the top and bottom corners of the third through hole.

[0018] This invention can minimize the risk of the gasket body corners lifting under water pressure, ensuring the integrity of the waterproof area and thus preventing waterproofing failure, improving the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket; and can avoid stress concentration in local areas due to excessive pressure, so that the space inside the hole is fully utilized when the waterproof gasket is compressed, thereby effectively improving the compressive strength and sealing effect of the waterproof gasket, and thus improving the overall waterproof performance and durability of the waterproof gasket.

[0019] Preferably, the anchoring end and anchoring leg of the gasket body are prefabricated together with the segment.

[0020] Preferably, the end of the anchor leg away from the gasket body is rounded.

[0021] Preferably, the bottom surfaces of the fifth and sixth through holes are parallel to the end face of the anchoring end of the gasket body.

[0022] Preferably, the first through hole and the third through hole are vertically staggered.

[0023] Preferably, the third through hole and the fifth through hole are vertically staggered.

[0024] Preferably, the waterproof gasket is a rubber gasket.

[0025] Preferably, the anchoring legs are made of rubber.

[0026] Preferably, the curvature of the top corner of the first through hole is the same as the curvature of the bottom corner, and the curvature of the left corner is the same as the curvature of the right corner.

[0027] Preferably, the curvature of the top corner of the third through hole is the same as the curvature of the bottom corner, and the curvature of the left corner is the same as the curvature of the right corner.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0029] 1. The semi-star shape of the second through-hole is designed to complement the four-corner arc-shaped holes of the third through-hole. This relative positional change effectively promotes deformation of the through-hole in this area, causing the gasket to compress more evenly under water pressure. This, in turn, ensures complete closure of the through-hole in this section. The cooperation between the second and third through-holes minimizes the risk of the gasket's corners lifting under water pressure. The semi-star shape and the four-corner arc-shaped holes help maintain a good fit at the corners of the gasket under water pressure, preventing lifting caused by uneven compression, ensuring the integrity of the waterproof area, preventing waterproofing failure, and improving the sealing effect of the waterproof gasket.

[0030] 2. The curvature of the top and bottom corners of the first through hole is greater than that of the top and bottom corners of the third through hole. This helps to distribute the force more evenly, thereby reducing local stress concentration and ensuring smoother hole closure. It avoids sealing failure due to uneven compression, allowing the first through hole to close more effectively when subjected to pressure from adjacent waterproof gaskets. This improves the compression adaptability of the waterproof gasket and also ensures that the contact stress between the two mutually pressing waterproof gaskets is evenly distributed, avoiding stress concentration in local areas due to excessive pressure. Ultimately, when the waterproof gasket is compressed, the space inside the hole is fully utilized, thereby effectively improving the compressive strength and sealing effect of the waterproof gasket, and thus improving the overall waterproof performance and durability of the waterproof gasket. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 2 This is an installation diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram comparing the compression amount and compression force of Embodiment 1 of this utility model with those of the prior art;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the joint opening and seepage pressure of Embodiment 1 of this utility model with those of the prior art.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram comparing the joint opening and maximum contact stress of Embodiment 1 of this utility model with those of the prior art.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a simulation diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 7 These are simulation renderings of existing technologies.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To facilitate understanding of the technical solution of this utility model by those skilled in the art, the technical solution of this utility model will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0040] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0041] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise expressly and specifically limited.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] See Figure 1 and Figure 2 This embodiment discloses an anchored waterproof gasket, which is a rubber gasket, including a gasket body 1 and anchor legs 2. The gasket body 1 has a compression end and an anchor end into which a pipe segment 3 can be embedded. Anchor legs 2 are respectively provided on both sides of the anchor end. The gasket body 1 has through holes along its cross-section. The through holes include an upper through hole near the compression end, a middle through hole between the compression end and the anchor end, and a lower through hole near the anchor end.

[0044] The anchoring end of the gasket body 1 and the anchoring leg 2 are embedded in the concrete mortar of the segment 3 during the pouring process. After the concrete mortar solidifies, the anchoring end of the gasket body 1 and the anchoring leg 2 are fixed in the concrete segment and form an integral part with the segment 3. This not only overcomes the defects of traditional rubber elastic sealing gaskets, such as poor adhesion control and easy displacement or detachment during construction and compression, but also effectively prevents water from flowing out through the seepage path between the waterproof gasket and the segment 3, significantly improving the overall waterproofing capability of the tunnel.

[0045] Furthermore, the end of the anchor leg 2 away from the gasket body 1 is round, which increases the contact area between the waterproof gasket and the pipe segment 3, extends the seepage path, and effectively improves the waterproof performance of the waterproof gasket.

[0046] The upper through-hole includes two first through-holes 11 and two second through-holes 12. The first through-holes 11 are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body 1 and are located close to the central axis. The second through-holes 12 are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body 1 and are located away from the central axis. The first through-holes 11 are in the shape of a quadrangular arc, wherein the arc of the top corner is the same as the arc of the bottom corner, and the arc of the left corner is the same as the arc of the right corner. The second through-holes 12 are in the shape of a semi-star, and the star-shaped structure is set towards the direction of the first through-holes 11. The distance H between the top surface of the first through-holes 11 and the end face of the extrusion end is 1-2mm. The arrangement of the upper through holes is optimized based on the stress conditions of the waterproof gasket. Their positions have been repeatedly verified through finite element simulation analysis to ensure effective deformation and sealing performance under water pressure in practical applications. The distance H between the top surface of the first through hole 11 and the second through hole 12 and the end face of the compression end is set to 1-2 mm. This value ensures effective compression while avoiding excessive deformation, thus ensuring the waterproof performance and structural safety of the waterproof gasket. If the value of H is too large, it will hinder effective compression of the holes, potentially leading to insufficient deformation of the waterproof gasket and affecting the waterproof effect. If the value of H is too small, it may lead to excessive deformation of the hole shape, affecting the compression adaptability of the waterproof gasket and potentially impacting the sealing performance and the overall structure of the waterproof gasket. Therefore, this precise range was obtained through repeated verification and optimization.

[0047] The middle layer through-hole includes three third through-holes 13 and two fourth through-holes 14. The central axis of one third through-hole 13 is coaxial with the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body 1. The other two third through-holes 13 are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are close to the middle third through-hole 13. The fourth through-holes 14 are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body 1 and are far from the central axis. The third through-holes 13 are in the shape of a quadrangular arc, with the arc of the top corner being the same as that of the bottom corner, and the arc of the left corner being the same as that of the right corner. The fourth through-holes 14 are in the shape of a hexagonal arc.

[0048] In this embodiment, the semi-star shape of the second through hole 12 is designed to complement the four-corner arc-shaped holes of the third through hole 13. This relative arrangement of the two hole shapes, through changes in their relative positions, effectively promotes the deformation of the through hole in this area, causing the sealing gasket to compress more evenly under water pressure. This, in turn, ensures the complete closure of the through hole in this section. The cooperation between the second through hole 12 and the third through hole 13 minimizes the risk of the gasket body 1 lifting at the corners under water pressure. Under water pressure, the semi-star and four-corner arc-shaped hole designs help maintain a good fit at the corners of the gasket body 1, preventing lifting caused by uneven compression, ensuring the integrity of the waterproof area, and thus preventing waterproofing failure.

[0049] In this embodiment, the primary function of the first through-hole 11, with its four arc-shaped corners, is to coordinate with the pressure of adjacent waterproof gaskets, enabling the waterproof gaskets to deform more uniformly under stress, preventing incomplete closure, and ensuring that the corners do not lift up under water pressure. Compared to the third through-hole 13, the shape of the first through-hole 11 is more suitable for forming a proper deformation closure under specific stress (such as the lateral force of water pressure), better adapting to the overall deformation requirements of the waterproof gasket.

[0050] The third through-hole 13, with its four-cornered arc shape, primarily functions to mate with the first through-hole 11, forming a set of easily deformable through-hole structures. Together with the first and second through-holes 11, the third through-hole 13 constitutes the deformable structure of the gasket body 1. Through the interaction of the third through-hole 13 with the other holes, it helps the gasket body 1 close more evenly under water pressure, ensuring that the deformation of the entire waterproof gasket remains within a certain range, thereby improving sealing performance. Especially under water pressure, the third through-hole 13 effectively disperses pressure, preventing excessive local stress.

[0051] Specifically, the curvature of the top and bottom corners of the first through hole 11 is greater than that of the top and bottom corners of the third through hole 13. This setting is based on a detailed analysis and simulation of the deformation behavior of the waterproof gasket under the compression force and water pressure in actual applications. By increasing the curvature of the top and bottom corners of the first through hole 11, the force distribution becomes more uniform, thereby reducing local stress concentration, ensuring smoother hole closure, and avoiding sealing failure due to uneven compression. This allows the first through hole 11 to close more effectively when subjected to pressure from adjacent waterproof gaskets, thus improving the compression adaptability of the waterproof gasket. At the same time, it also ensures that the contact stress between the two mutually compressing waterproof gaskets is evenly distributed, avoiding stress concentration in local areas due to excessive pressure. Ultimately, when the waterproof gasket is compressed, the space inside the hole is fully utilized, thereby effectively improving the compressive strength and sealing effect of the waterproof gasket, and thus improving the overall waterproof performance and durability of the waterproof gasket.

[0052] Therefore, the first through hole 11 and the third through hole 13 differ in shape and function. The first through hole 11 is more focused on deformation closure under water pressure, while the third through hole 13 shares the stress in a synergistic effect, promoting more uniform compression and closure.

[0053] Furthermore, traditional circular holes tend to concentrate stress in the central area under pressure, which can lead to excessive deformation and affect the long-term stability of the gasket. In this embodiment, the fourth through hole 14 is designed in a hexagonal arc shape. Compared with traditional circular holes, firstly, the hexagonal arc shape of the fourth through hole 14 can distribute the stress more evenly during compression, resulting in a smoother deformation process and thus mitigating subsequent excessive deformation, preventing premature material fatigue or failure. Secondly, the hexagonal arc shape of the fourth through hole 14 allows for better deformation control, unlike circular holes which tend to concentrate stress. This geometric design can control the amount of hole deformation during compression, effectively suppressing stress concentration and ensuring that design requirements are met while avoiding excessive or uneven deformation, thereby increasing the service life of the waterproof gasket. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of the hexagonal arc-shaped fourth through hole 14 and the third through hole 13 enables this part of the hole structure to provide greater support during compression, effectively resisting compression deformation. Thus, when the first through hole 11 above is under pressure, the fourth through hole 14 will generate appropriate contact stress and play an auxiliary compression role, thereby further enhancing the waterproof effect and preventing water pressure from causing seepage problems.

[0054] The lower through holes include two fifth through holes 15 and two sixth through holes 16. The bottom surfaces of the fifth and sixth through holes are parallel to the end faces of the anchoring ends of the gasket body. The fifth through holes 15 are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body 1 and are located close to the central axis. The sixth through holes 16 are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body 1 and are located away from the central axis. Both the fifth through holes 15 and the sixth through holes 16 are obliquely arched. The height of the sixth through hole 16 is higher than the height of the fifth through hole 15, and the height difference h is 1-2 mm. Specifically, the fifth through hole 15 and the sixth through hole 16 serve as bottom support holes for the gasket body 1, and their deformation processes differ. When the sixth through hole 16 is subjected to top pressure, it deforms first. Then, after reaching a certain degree of deformation, the fifth through hole 15 deforms immediately to ensure that it can gradually provide resistance to deformation later. Here, we introduce the concept of graded buffering. If the fifth through hole 15 and the sixth through hole 16 are set to the same height, the entire lower through hole will be squeezed and deformed at the same time, which will not achieve the purpose of gradual deformation later, so as to enable it to gradually provide resistance to deformation later.

[0055] Furthermore, the first through hole 11 and the third through hole 13 are vertically offset, and the third through hole 13 and the fifth through hole 15 are vertically offset.

[0056] In this embodiment, the waterproof gasket is compared with the sealing gasket in the prior art (Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN218150918U) mentioned in the background section using finite element simulation:

[0057] The following are the results of the sealing gasket's closing compression force, seepage pressure, and maximum contact stress when the gasket is compressed to different positions during finite element numerical simulation analysis. Figures 3 to 7 As shown, the optimal sealing gasket 1 is obtained by screening and calculating the route map, wherein sealing gasket 1 is the waterproof gasket in this application, and sealing gasket 2 is the sealing gasket in the prior art (Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN218150918U).

[0058] from Figure 3 It can be seen that when the compression reaches 18mm, the compression force required for sealing gasket 2 reaches 195kN / m, exceeding the shield tunneling jack assembly force of 125kN / m, while the compression force required for sealing gasket 1 when the compression reaches 18mm is less than 125kN / m. From Figure 4 As can be seen, when the joint opening is 5mm, the seepage pressure of sealing gasket 2 is 1.4MPa, which is greater than the waterproof requirement of 1.3MPa, while the seepage pressure of sealing gasket 1 is 2.5MPa, which is far greater than the waterproof requirement of 1.3MPa. Figure 5 As shown, the gasket contact stress-joint opening curve is obtained, from... Figure 5 As can be seen from the simulation, when the opening of the gasket at the segment joint is 0, the maximum contact stress of gasket 1 is 3.6 MPa, which is significantly greater than the maximum contact stress of gasket 2 (2.5 MPa). The simulation results are as follows: Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown.

[0059] The above comparison shows that, for the same compression amount, the sealing gasket 1 requires less compression force, and for the same joint opening amount, the sealing gasket 1 has better water seepage pressure. When the joint sealing gasket opening amount is 0, the maximum contact stress of the sealing gasket 1 is greater. Therefore, the waterproofing ability of the sealing gasket 1 is better than that of the sealing gasket 2. Thus, the waterproof gasket in this embodiment meets the engineering requirements and has a better effect among similar anchoring sealing gaskets.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] To further reduce the water seepage effect of the waterproof gasket, please refer to Figure 8As shown, based on Embodiment 1, an inverted triangular water-swellable rubber block 4 is further provided on the end face of the extrusion end of the gasket body 1. The hardness of this rubber block is lower than that of the gasket body 1. Currently, the composite sealing gaskets used in shield tunnel joints in China mainly embed water-swellable rubber blocks into the contact surface of non-expandable rubber sealing gaskets and are formed by microwave vulcanization. Therefore, combining the functions of water-swellable and non-expandable rubber, the waterproof gasket in this embodiment has both elastic water-stopping function and water-swellable dual function, so that under a large opening condition, the rubber block 4 expands when it comes into contact with water, achieving a secondary waterproofing effect for the waterproof gasket.

[0062] Therefore, the short-term waterproofing of shield tunnels is achieved by the compaction of the waterproof gasket at the compression end, but the long-term waterproofing performance mainly relies on the expansion of the rubber block that expands when exposed to water. The waterproofing process consists of two stages: the first stage is the waterproofing stage when the waterproof gasket is compressed, and the second stage is the secondary waterproofing stage generated by the expansion of the rubber block 4 that expands when exposed to water on the basis of the first stage.

[0063] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within this invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0064] The above-described embodiments are merely examples of implementation methods of the utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is not limited to the above-described embodiments. For those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. An anchored waterproof gasket, characterized in that: It includes a gasket body and anchor legs. The gasket body has a compression end and an anchor end embedded in the segment. An anchor legs are provided on both sides of the anchor end. The gasket body has through holes along its cross-section. The through holes include an upper through hole near the compression end, a middle through hole between the compression end and the anchor end, and a lower through hole near the anchor end. The upper through hole includes two first through holes and two second through holes. The first through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set close to the central axis. The second through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set away from the central axis. The first through holes are in the shape of a quadrangular arc, and the second through holes are in the shape of a semi-star with the star-shaped structure facing the direction of the first through hole. The distance H between the top surface of the first and second through holes and the end face of the extrusion end is 1-2mm. The middle layer through-hole includes three third through-holes and two fourth through-holes. The central axis of one third through-hole is coaxial with the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body. The other two third through-holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are close to the middle third through-hole. The fourth through-holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are far from the central axis. The third through-holes are in the shape of a quadrangular arc and the fourth through-holes are in the shape of a hexagonal arc. The lower through holes include two fifth through holes and two sixth through holes. The fifth through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set close to the central axis. The sixth through holes are symmetrical about the vertical central axis of the cross-section of the gasket body and are set away from the central axis. Both the fifth and sixth through holes are oblique arched. The height of the sixth through hole is higher than the height of the fifth through hole, and the height difference h is 1-2mm. The curvature of the top and bottom corners of the first through hole is greater than that of the top and bottom corners of the third through hole.

2. The anchoring waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring end and anchoring leg of the gasket body are prefabricated together with the tunnel segment.

3. The anchoring waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ends of the anchor legs that are away from the gasket body are rounded.

4. The anchoring waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surfaces of the fifth and sixth through holes are parallel to the end face of the anchoring end of the gasket body.

5. The anchoring waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and third through holes are vertically staggered.

6. The anchoring waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third and fifth through holes are vertically staggered.

7. The anchoring waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waterproof gasket is a rubber gasket.

8. The anchoring waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchoring legs are made of rubber.

9. An anchored waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the top corner of the first through hole is the same as that of the bottom corner, and the curvature of the left corner is the same as that of the right corner.

10. An anchored waterproof gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curvature of the top corner of the third through hole is the same as that of the bottom corner, and the curvature of the left corner is the same as that of the right corner.

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