Photovoltaic cell structure

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model discloses a photovoltaic cell structure. The cell structure comprises a substrate, and the substrate comprises a plurality of sub-cell regions, a first extraction electrode region and a second extraction electrode region; the plurality of sub-battery regions comprise a first sub-battery region and a second sub-battery region; the bottom electrode in the first sub-battery region extends to the first extraction electrode region; and the top electrode of the first extraction electrode region is electrically connected with the part, extending to the first extraction electrode region, of the bottom electrode of the first sub-battery region. And the top electrode of the second sub-battery region extends to the second extraction electrode region and is electrically connected with the bottom electrode of the second extraction electrode region. According to the embodiment of the utility model, the time that the battery is exposed in the air in the production and treatment process (such as operation links of edge cleaning and the like) of the battery is reduced, so that the probability that particle residues after edge cleaning are attached to the surface of a battery film layer is reduced, the series resistance is finally reduced, and the actual output power of the solar battery is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The embodiment of the utility model relates to photovoltaic power generation structure technical field, especially photovoltaic cell structure. BACKGROUND

[0002] The perovskite solar cell is composed of a transparent conductive glass electrode, an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and a metal counter electrode. During the operation of the cell, the perovskite material absorbs sunlight and conducts electrons and holes to the electron transport material and the hole transport material at the interface between the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, thereby completing the physical spatial separation of the photo-generated electron-hole pairs.

[0003] In the prior art, since the positive and negative electrodes cover all the film layers, the sub-cells and the electrode transmission need to pass through the carrier (hole and electron) transport layer and the light absorption layer (perovskite layer), the film layer resistance and the electron transport path are lengthened, which seriously restricts the performance and power of the cell.

[0004] In view of the above situation, the research personnel add a cleaning edge process in the production process to remove the film layer in the positive and negative electrode area and only keep the bottom TCO film layer, so as to reduce the internal resistance between the electrode and the cell and improve the output performance. However, this method has obvious disadvantages, not only greatly increases the time of the cell exposed to air, but also the particle residues after cleaning are easy to adhere to the surface of the cell film layer. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0005] The utility model provides a kind of photovoltaic cell structure to solve the problems of large film layer internal resistance of existing perovskite solar cell and long electron transport path.

[0006] The utility model embodiment provides a kind of photovoltaic cell structure, including substrate, substrate includes multiple sub-cell area, first lead-out electrode area and second lead-out electrode area;

[0007] In the first direction, the first lead-out electrode area and the second lead-out electrode area each include a bottom electrode, a cell functional layer and a top electrode stacked in sequence;Wherein, the first direction is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate;

[0008] The multiple sub-cell areas include a first sub-cell area and a second sub-cell area;

[0009] The bottom electrode in the first sub-cell area extends to the first lead-out electrode area;The top electrode of the first lead-out electrode area is electrically connected to the part of the bottom electrode of the first sub-cell area extending to the first lead-out electrode area through at least one first laser scribing slot;The first laser scribing slot penetrates the cell functional layer of the first lead-out electrode area;

[0010] The top electrode of the second sub-cell region extends to the second lead electrode region; the part of the top electrode of the second sub-cell region extending to the second lead electrode region is electrically connected to the bottom electrode of the second lead electrode region through at least one second laser scribing slot; and the second laser scribing slot penetrates the cell functional layer of the second lead electrode region.

[0011] Optionally, in the first direction, the sub-cell region comprises, in sequence, a bottom electrode, a cell functional layer, and a top electrode;

[0012] The bottom electrodes of different sub-cell regions are separated by third laser scribing slots;

[0013] The cell functional layers and the top electrodes of different sub-cells are separated by fourth laser scribing slots;

[0014] The two adjacent sub-cell regions comprise a third sub-cell region and a fourth sub-cell region; the bottom electrode of the third sub-cell region extends to the fourth sub-cell region; the top electrode of the fourth sub-cell is electrically connected to the part of the bottom electrode of the third sub-cell region extending to the fourth sub-cell region through a fifth laser scribing slot; and the fifth laser scribing slot penetrates the cell functional layer of the fourth sub-cell.

[0015] Optionally, the distance between the first laser scribing slot and the adjacent fourth laser scribing slot ranges from D1, where 10≤D1≤100 um.

[0016] Optionally, the width of the first laser scribing slot is W1, and the width of the fifth laser scribing slot is W5, where W1≥W5.

[0017] Optionally, the width of the first laser scribing slot is W1, where 0<W1≤150 um.

[0018] Optionally, the distance between the second laser scribing slot and the adjacent third laser scribing slot ranges from D2, where 10≤D2≤100 um.

[0019] Optionally, the width of the second laser scribing slot is W2, and the width of the fifth laser scribing slot is W5, where W2≥W5.

[0020] Optionally, the width of the second laser scribing slot is W2, where 0<W2≤150 um.

[0021] Optionally, the cell functional layer comprises an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a hole transport layer;

[0022] The electron transport layer is located between the bottom electrode and the perovskite layer, and the hole transport layer is located between the top electrode and the perovskite layer; or,

[0023] The hole transport layer is located between the bottom electrode and the perovskite layer, and the electron transport layer is located between the top electrode and the perovskite layer.

[0024] Optionally, the plurality of sub-cell regions are arranged in sequence along a second direction, and the first and second lead-out electrode regions are respectively located on two sides of the plurality of sub-cell regions in the second direction; and the second direction is parallel to the surface of the substrate.

[0025] The utility model embodiment provides a kind of photovoltaic cell structure, including substrate, substrate includes multiple sub-cell regions, first lead-out electrode region and second lead-out electrode region;In first direction, first lead-out electrode region and second lead-out electrode region all include sequentially stacked bottom electrode, cell function layer and top electrode;Wherein, first direction is perpendicular to the surface of substrate;Multiple sub-cell regions include first sub-cell region and second sub-cell region;The bottom electrode in first sub-cell region extends to first lead-out electrode region;The top electrode of first lead-out electrode region is electrically connected with the part of the bottom electrode of first sub-cell region extending to first lead-out electrode region by at least one first laser scribe slot;Second sub-cell region's top electrode extends to second lead-out electrode region;The part of second sub-cell region's top electrode extending to second lead-out electrode region is electrically connected with the bottom electrode of second lead-out electrode region by at least one second laser scribe slot;Second laser scribe slot penetrates the cell function layer of second lead-out electrode region.The electrode structure provided in the utility model embodiment is equipped with first laser scribe slot in first lead-out electrode region, and second laser scribe slot is equipped in second lead-out electrode region, and the same conductive material as top electrode material is filled therein, and top electrode and bottom electrode are communicated by conductive material, and low-resistance vertical current path is established.And still by the physical isolation effect of laser slot, the invalid perovskite film layer (such as the byproduct of exposure oxidation or humidity decomposition) of cell edge avoids its spread to internal effective film layer, to significantly improve the long-term stability of battery, finally reduce series resistance, improve the actual output power of solar cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of a conventional battery structure in the related art;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of another conventional battery structure in the related art;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a structure schematic view of a photovoltaic cell structure provided in the utility model embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4 It is Figure 3 It is a top view structure schematic view of the electrode structure shown in the figure;

[0030] Figure 5 It is a structure schematic view of another photovoltaic cell structure provided in the utility model embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The utility model will be further explained in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the utility model, and not limit the utility model. In addition, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only part of the structure related to the utility model is shown in the drawings, not all the structures.

[0032] Figure 1 It is a structure schematic view of a conventional battery structure in the related art, Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of another conventional battery structure in the related art. In the embodiment of the utility model, the first direction y and the second direction x are perpendicular to each other, and the first direction y and the second direction x can be regarded as two coordinate axes in a plane direct coordinate system. As shown in Figure 1 The positive electrode 300 of the conventional transverse perovskite battery is separated from the sub-battery 200 by an etching line cutting off the top electrode 130 and the battery functional layer 120, and the negative electrode 400 and the sub-battery are an etching line cutting off the bottom electrode 110 (insulation function), and the positive and negative electrodes are connected through the top electrode 130. Further, the etching line is also used to cut off the top electrode 130 and the battery functional layer 120 to divide the battery into different sub-batteries 200. In the sub-battery 200, the battery functional layer 120 can be etched before the top electrode 130 is deposited to form a channel through the top electrode 130 and the bottom electrode 110, realizing the series connection between the sub-batteries 200.

[0033] The positive and negative electrodes of the battery bear the charge input and output work of the whole battery, and the electrode area itself contains all the film layers of the battery, which leads to the need for sub-battery 200 and electrode transmission to pass through the carrier (hole and electron) transmission layer and light absorption layer (perovskite layer) before being connected, due to the internal resistance between the film layers and the lengthening of the electron transmission path, affecting the maximization of electron transmission, leading to the performance and power of the battery itself cannot be maximized.

[0034] Based on the above background, researchers in the field usually take the edge cleaning process to remove the top electrode 130 and the battery functional layer 120 of the positive and negative electrode area, and only keep the bottom electrode 110, so as to reduce the internal resistance between the electrode and the battery, and improve the output performance of the battery. As shown in Figure 2 As shown in Figure 1Based on the conventional transverse perovskite battery shown, the top electrode 130 and the battery functional layer 120 in the positive electrode 300 and the negative electrode 400 area are replaced by electrode materials, although the output performance of the battery is improved, but in the edge cleaning process, the battery is exposed to air for a long time, and the water and oxygen in the air can easily accelerate the decomposition of the perovskite film layer, causing the battery to fail. And the particles after edge cleaning have the probability of adhering to the surface of the battery film layer, affecting the contact between the film layers, further reducing the performance of the battery.

[0035] In addition, in Figure 1 In the non-edge cleaning battery structure shown, when the battery is working under high load for a long time, the film layers of the positive and negative electrodes will continue to heat up, and the perovskite layer 122 at the edge is more susceptible to water and oxygen erosion. This erosion may gradually spread to the middle sub-cell area, thereby affecting the overall performance of the battery. In contrast, Figure 2 Although the edge cleaning battery structure shown can effectively block the horizontal invasion path of water and oxygen, but because the edge cleaning greatly increases the time of the battery exposed to air during production, and the particles after edge cleaning have the probability of adhering to the surface of the battery film layer, thereby affecting the contact between the film layers, resulting in increased series resistance and decreased conversion efficiency.

[0036] Figure 3 A structural diagram of a photovoltaic cell structure provided by the embodiment of the present application, Figure 4 In order to Figure 3 The top view structural diagram of the electrode structure is shown. As Figure 3 And Figure 4 The embodiment of the present application provides a photovoltaic cell structure, which comprises a substrate 100, and the substrate comprises a plurality of sub-cell areas 200, a first lead-out electrode area 300 and a second lead-out electrode area 400. Wherein, the sub-cell area 200, the first lead-out electrode area 300 and the second lead-out electrode area 400 can be understood as the area on the substrate, and the structure corresponding to the area name is arranged on the area.

[0037] In the first direction y, the first lead-out electrode area 300 and the second lead-out electrode area 400 both comprise a bottom electrode 110, a battery functional layer 120 and a top electrode 130 which are stacked in sequence.

[0038] The plurality of sub-cell areas comprises a first sub-cell area 210 and a second sub-cell area 220;

[0039] The bottom electrode 110 in the first sub-cell area 210 extends to the first lead-out electrode area 300; the top electrode 130 of the first lead-out electrode area 300 is electrically connected to the part of the bottom electrode 110 of the first sub-cell area 210 extending to the first lead-out electrode area 300 through at least one first laser scribing groove 201; the first laser scribing groove 201 penetrates the battery functional layer 120 of the first lead-out electrode area 300;

[0040] The top electrode 130 of the second sub-cell area 220 extends to the second lead-out electrode area 400; the part of the top electrode 130 of the second sub-cell area 220 extending to the second lead-out electrode area 400 is electrically connected with the bottom electrode 110 of the second lead-out electrode area 400 through at least one second laser scribing groove 202; the second laser scribing groove 202 penetrates the cell functional layer 120 of the second lead-out electrode area 400.

[0041] As shown in Figure 3 The left first lead-out electrode area 300 in the figure is a positive electrode, and the right second lead-out electrode area 400 is a negative electrode. Figure 5 Another structure schematic diagram of a photovoltaic cell structure provided by the utility model embodiment is shown in Figure 5 As shown in Figure 3 The electrode structure can be symmetrically flipped, and the flipped electrode structure has the left second lead-out electrode area 400 as a negative electrode and the right first lead-out electrode area 300 as a positive electrode.

[0042] The electrode structure provided by the utility model embodiment has the first laser scribing groove 201 in the first lead-out electrode area 300 and the second laser scribing groove 202 in the second lead-out electrode area 400, which are filled with conductive materials same as the material of the top electrode 130, and the top electrode 130 and the bottom electrode 110 are communicated through the conductive materials, thereby establishing a low-resistance vertical current path. And through the physical isolation effect of the laser groove, the invalid perovskite film layer (such as a by-product decomposed due to exposure to oxidation or humidity) at the edge of the cell is avoided from spreading to the internal effective film layer, thereby significantly improving the long-term stability of the cell.

[0043] The electrode structure provided by the utility model embodiment can effectively reduce the time of the cell exposed to air in the production and processing process (such as the edge cleaning operation link), thereby reducing the probability of particle residues adhering to the surface of the cell film layer after edge cleaning, and finally reducing the series resistance and improving the actual output power of the solar cell.

[0044] From the manufacturing process flow, the electrode structure of the embodiment of the utility model, first deposit the bottom electrode material (such as ITO, FTO, TCO, etc. transparent conductive oxide, the utility model embodiment specifically selects TCO) on the substrate 100, form continuous bottom electrode layer. Then, the third laser scribe groove 203, isolate the bottom electrode 110, prevent short circuit. Then, deposit the battery functional layer 120 on the basis of the bottom electrode layer 110. After the deposition of the functional layer is completed, the first laser scribe groove 201 penetrates the battery functional layer 120 of the first lead-out electrode area 300;The second laser scribe groove 202 penetrates the battery functional layer 120 of the second lead-out electrode area 400, penetrates the battery functional layer 120, so that the top electrode layer 130 is filled with conductive material when depositing and is connected with the bottom electrode 110 through the first laser scribe groove. Finally, deposit the top electrode 130 on the battery functional layer 120.

[0045] Further, with reference to Figure 3 After the deposition of the top electrode 130 and the battery functional layer 120 is completed, the fourth laser scribe groove 204 cuts off these layers to define the sub-cell 200 boundary. When the adjacent two sub-cell areas 200 include the third sub-cell area 230 and the fourth sub-cell area 240;The bottom electrode 110 of the third sub-cell area 230 extends to the fourth sub-cell area 240;The top electrode 130 of the fourth sub-cell area 240 is electrically connected with the part of the bottom electrode 110 of the third sub-cell area 230 extending to the fourth sub-cell area 240 through the fifth laser scribe groove 205;Wherein, the fifth laser scribe groove 205 penetrates the battery functional layer 120 of the fourth sub-cell area 240.

[0046] In each sub-cell, the battery functional layer 120 generates electron-hole pairs under light. The electrons are transmitted to the top electrode 130 through the electron transport layer 121, and the holes are transmitted to the bottom electrode 110 through the hole transport layer 123. The current between different sub-cell areas 200 is transmitted in the battery pack in the form of series connection.

[0047] For example, for adjacent sub-cell areas (such as the third sub-cell area 230 and the fourth sub-cell area 240), the current generated by the fourth sub-cell area 240, the holes of which are transmitted through the bottom electrode 110, and the electrons are transmitted through the top electrode 130, and the top electrode 130 is electrically connected with the part of the bottom electrode 110 of the third sub-cell area 230 extending through the fifth laser scribe groove 205, so that the electrons of the fourth sub-cell area 240 are transmitted to the part of the bottom electrode 110 of the third sub-cell area 230, and then together with the current of the third sub-cell area 230, flow out from the bottom electrode 110 of the third sub-cell area 230 through the first lead-out electrode area 300, and the holes flow out from the top electrode 130 of the fourth sub-cell area 240 through the second lead-out electrode area 400, forming the current loop of the whole battery.

[0048] For the above embodiments, the inventors have conducted multiple comparative experiments. Tables 1 and 2 are comparative tables of performance parameters of three perovskite cell structures obtained in two experiments, wherein the three perovskite cell structures are standard electrode structure Figure 1 ), edge cleaning electrode structure Figure 2 ) and electrode structure of the present embodiment Figure 3 ), and the performance parameters include open-circuit voltage (Voc), series resistance (Rs), short-circuit current density (Jsc) and conversion efficiency (Eff); wherein the open-circuit voltage Voc can be understood as the voltage difference between the positive and negative electrodes of the solar cell when there is no external load (i.e. in an open-circuit state); the series resistance Rs can be understood as the resistance existing inside the solar cell; the short-circuit current density Jsc can be understood as the current generated per unit area of the solar cell in a short-circuit state (i.e. the positive and negative electrodes are directly connected, and the load resistance is zero); and the conversion efficiency Eff can be understood as the efficiency of the solar cell in converting incident light energy into electrical energy, i.e. the ratio of the fill factor (FF) to the theoretical maximum power (Voc x Jsc).

[0049] Table 1

[0050]

[0051] Table 2

[0052]

[0053]

[0054] As can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2, the conversion efficiency of the battery structure prepared by the above method can be improved to 15.13% and 14.31%, which is obviously improved compared with the standard electrode structure (14.54% and 13.96%) and the edge cleaning electrode structure (15.01% and 14.23%). At the same time, the series resistance Rs is 35.86Ω and 50.63Ω respectively, which is obviously reduced compared with the standard electrode structure (53.23Ω and 77.23Ω) and the edge cleaning electrode structure (36.30Ω and 51.70Ω). In summary, the electrode structure of the present embodiment has obvious effect in improving the battery fill factor and reducing the series resistance compared with the standard electrode structure. Compared with the edge cleaning electrode structure, the performance is slightly improved, and at the same time, the problem that the battery is exposed to air for a long time due to long edge cleaning time, and the particles after edge cleaning have a probability of adhering to the surface of the battery film layer, thereby affecting the contact between the film layers, resulting in increased series resistance and decreased conversion efficiency, is solved.

[0055] In an optional embodiment, the distance between the first laser scribe groove 201 and the adjacent fourth laser scribe groove 204 is in the range of D1, where 10≤D1≤100um.

[0056] When the distance between the first laser scribe groove 201 and the adjacent fourth laser scribe groove 204 is less than 10um, it is possible that the conductive medium in the first laser scribe groove 201 will form an electrical connection with the adjacent other sub-cells 200 through the fourth laser scribe groove 204, thereby causing the battery functional layer 120 to have a lateral short circuit in the subsequent process. Conversely, when the distance between the first laser scribe groove 201 and the adjacent fourth laser scribe groove 204 is greater than 100um, the path of the charge carriers from the sub-cell 200 to the first laser scribe groove 201 will be too long, which will increase the internal resistance of the battery, which is not conducive to the transmission of current and reduces the performance of the battery, and also may affect the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, the width of the first laser scribe groove 201 is W1, and the width of the fifth laser scribe groove 205 is W5, where W1≥W5.

[0058] When W1=W5, the same scribing process is used for the first laser scribe groove 201 in the electrode area and the fifth laser scribe groove 205 in the sub-cell area to reduce the processing time required for repeated operations.

[0059] When W1>W5, two or more parallel scribes are added to the original number of scribes in the electrode area, so that the same or better purpose and effect as electrode edge cleaning can be achieved without long electrode edge cleaning.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, the first laser scribe groove 201 has a width W1, wherein 0 < W1 ≤ 150 um.

[0061] The first laser scribe groove 201 establishes a vertical connection between the top electrode and the bottom electrode, shortens the carrier transport path, reduces the series resistance, and improves the fill factor and conversion efficiency of the battery. Therefore, appropriately increasing the width W1 of the first laser scribe groove 201 can further reduce the series resistance; but when the width W1 of the first laser scribe groove 201 is too large, it will occupy more area of the battery surface, reducing the effective area of the battery receiving light, and in the production process, the wider the width W1 of the first laser scribe groove 201, the more scribe processes are required, and the longer the battery is exposed to air. Therefore, it is tested that the width W1 of the first laser scribe groove 201 should not exceed 150 um.

[0062] In an optional embodiment, the second laser scribe groove 202 has a spacing range D2 with the adjacent third laser scribe groove 203, wherein 10 ≤ D2 ≤ 100 um.

[0063] Similarly, when the spacing range between the second laser scribe groove 202 and the adjacent third laser scribe groove 203 is less than 10 um, it is possible that the conductive medium in the second laser scribe groove 202 penetrates the third laser scribe groove 203 and forms an electrical connection with the adjacent other sub-battery 200, thereby causing the battery functional layer 120 to short circuit horizontally in the subsequent process. Conversely, when the spacing range between the second laser scribe groove 202 and the adjacent third laser scribe groove 203 is greater than 100 um, the path of the carrier flowing from the sub-battery 200 to the first laser scribe groove 201 will be too long, which will increase the internal resistance of the battery, making it difficult for the current to flow, reducing the performance of the battery, and also affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery.

[0064] In an optional embodiment, the second laser scribe groove 202 has a width W2, and the fifth laser scribe groove 205 has a width W5, wherein W2 ≥ W5.

[0065] Similarly, when W2 = W5, the second laser scribe groove 202 in the electrode area and the fifth laser scribe groove 205 in the sub-battery area use the same scribe process to reduce the processing time required for repeated operations.

[0066] When W2 > W5, the second laser scribe groove 202 in the electrode area adds two or more parallel scribes to the original number of scribe processes, without the need for long electrode edge cleaning, to achieve the same or better purpose and effect as electrode edge cleaning.

[0067] In an optional embodiment, the second laser scribe groove 202 has a width W2, wherein 0 < W2 ≤ 150 um.

[0068] The second laser scribing groove 202 establishes the vertical connection between the top electrode and the bottom electrode, shortens the carrier transport path, reduces the series resistance, and improves the fill factor and conversion efficiency of the battery. Therefore, appropriately increasing the width W2 of the second laser scribing groove 202 can further reduce the series resistance; but when the width W2 of the second laser scribing groove 202 is too large, it will occupy more area of the battery surface, so that the effective area of the battery receiving light decreases, and in the production process, the wider the width W2 of the second laser scribing groove 202, the more scribing processes are required, and the longer the battery is exposed to the air. Therefore, it is tested that the width W2 of the second laser scribing groove 202 should not exceed 150 um.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, the battery functional layer 120 includes an electron transport layer 121, a perovskite layer 122, and a hole transport layer 123.

[0070] The electron transport layer 121 is located between the bottom electrode 110 and the perovskite layer 122, and the hole transport layer 123 is located between the top electrode 130 and the perovskite layer 122; or,

[0071] The hole transport layer 123 is located between the bottom electrode 110 and the perovskite layer 122, and the electron transport layer 121 is located between the top electrode 130 and the perovskite layer 122.

[0072] During the entire working process of the battery, when sunlight shines on the battery, the perovskite layer 122 in the battery functional layer 120 will absorb photon energy to generate electron-hole pairs.

[0073] If the electron transport layer 121 is between the bottom electrode 110 and the perovskite layer 122, and the hole transport layer 123 is between the top electrode 130 and the perovskite layer 122, then after the light generates electron-hole pairs, the electron transport layer 121 will quickly and efficiently conduct electrons to the bottom electrode 110 by virtue of its own characteristics, and the hole transport layer 123 will be responsible for transporting holes to the top electrode 130, thereby forming a current loop and realizing power output.

[0074] Conversely, if the hole transport layer 123 is between the bottom electrode 110 and the perovskite layer 122, and the electron transport layer 121 is between the top electrode 130 and the perovskite layer 122, the working principle is similar, except that the transmission path of electrons and holes has changed. The hole transport layer 123 conducts holes to the bottom electrode 110, and the electron transport layer 121 transports electrons to the top electrode 130, ultimately completing the generation and transmission of current and providing power to external devices.

[0075] According to the arrangement order, the battery functional layer 120 can be divided into a normal structure (from bottom to top, the electron transport layer 121, the perovskite layer 122 and the hole transport layer 123) and an inverted structure (from bottom to top, the hole transport layer 123, the perovskite layer 122 and the electron transport layer 121).

[0076] For example, when the electrode structure is the normal structure (from bottom to top, the electron transport layer 121, the perovskite layer 122 and the hole transport layer 123), the electron transport layer can be selected from titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, fullerene and derivatives thereof; the perovskite layer can be selected from methylamine lead iodine, mixed cation and mixed halogen perovskite, such as FA x MA 1-x Pb(I 1-x Br x )3; and the hole transport layer can be selected from Spiro-OMeTAD or PTAA.

[0077] For example, when the electrode structure is the inverted structure (from bottom to top, the hole transport layer 123, the perovskite layer 122 and the electron transport layer 121), the hole transport layer can be selected from nickel oxide or PEDOT:PSS and other hole transport materials; the perovskite layer is similar to the normal structure; and the electron transport layer can be selected from zinc oxide or PCBM.

[0078] In an optional embodiment, the plurality of sub-cell regions are arranged in sequence along the second direction x, and the first lead electrode region 300 and the second lead electrode region 400 are respectively located on both sides of the plurality of sub-cell regions in the second direction x. Such a layout is conducive to the flow of current from the sub-cell region to the corresponding lead electrode region, and can more conveniently connect the battery with the external circuit to form a complete current loop, thereby realizing the power generation function of the battery.

[0079] It should be noted that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles applied. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art can make various obvious changes, re-adjustments, mutual combinations and substitutions without departing from the scope of the present application. Therefore, although the present application has been described in more detail through the above embodiments, the present application is not limited to the above embodiments, and can include more other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present application, and the scope of the present application is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic cell structure, characterized by, The substrate comprises a plurality of sub-cell regions, a first lead electrode region and a second lead electrode region; In a first direction, the first lead electrode region and the second lead electrode region each comprise a bottom electrode, a cell functional layer and a top electrode which are sequentially stacked; wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the surface of the substrate; The plurality of sub-cell regions comprises a first sub-cell region and a second sub-cell region; The bottom electrode in the first sub-cell region extends to the first lead electrode region; the top electrode of the first lead electrode region is electrically connected to the part of the bottom electrode of the first sub-cell region extending to the first lead electrode region through at least one first laser scribing groove; the first laser scribing groove penetrates through the cell functional layer of the first lead electrode region; The top electrode of the second sub-cell region extends to the second lead electrode region; the part of the top electrode of the second sub-cell region extending to the second lead electrode region is electrically connected to the bottom electrode of the second lead electrode region through at least one second laser scribing groove; the second laser scribing groove penetrates through the cell functional layer of the second lead electrode region.

2. The battery structure of claim 1, wherein In the first direction, the sub-cell regions comprise a bottom electrode, a cell functional layer and a top electrode which are sequentially stacked; the bottom electrodes of different sub-cell regions are separated by a third laser scribing groove; The cell functional layers and the top electrodes of different sub-cells are separated by a fourth laser scribing groove; The third sub-cell region and the fourth sub-cell region are adjacent to each other; the bottom electrode of the third sub-cell region extends to the fourth sub-cell region; the top electrode of the fourth sub-cell is electrically connected to the part of the bottom electrode of the third sub-cell region extending to the fourth sub-cell region through a fifth laser scribing groove; wherein the fifth laser scribing groove penetrates through the cell functional layer of the fourth sub-cell.

3. The battery structure of claim 2, wherein, The distance between the first laser scribing groove and the adjacent fourth laser scribing groove ranges from D1, wherein 10≤D1≤100um.

4. The battery structure of claim 2, wherein The width of the first laser scribing groove is W1, and the width of the fifth laser scribing groove is W5, wherein W1≥W5.

5. The battery structure of claim 2, wherein The width of the first laser scribing groove is W1, wherein 0<W1≤150um.

6. The battery structure of claim 2, wherein The distance between the second laser scribing groove and the adjacent third laser scribing groove ranges from D2, wherein 10≤D2≤100um.

7. The battery structure of claim 2, wherein The width of the second laser scribing groove is W2, and the width of the fifth laser scribing groove is W5, wherein W2≥W5.

8. The battery structure of claim 2, wherein The width of the second laser scribing groove is W2, wherein 0<W2≤150um.

9. The battery structure of claim 2, wherein, The cell functional layer comprises an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer and a hole transport layer; The electron transport layer is located between the bottom electrode and the perovskite layer, and the hole transport layer is located between the top electrode and the perovskite layer; or, The hole transport layer is located between the bottom electrode and the perovskite layer, and the electron transport layer is located between the top electrode and the perovskite layer.

10. The battery structure of claim 1, wherein, The plurality of sub-cell regions are arranged in sequence along a second direction, and the first and second lead-out electrodes are respectively located on two sides of the plurality of sub-cell regions in the second direction; the second direction is parallel to the surface of the substrate.

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