Nozzle, machining device, and machine tool

Abstract

The utility model provides a nozzle, a machining device and a machine tool. A gas-liquid transmission channel is formed in the nozzle, a nozzle inner plug is arranged in the gas-liquid transmission channel, the outer peripheral face of the nozzle inner plug abuts against the wall face of the gas-liquid transmission channel, a plurality of spiral grooves annularly and evenly distributed around a first shaft are formed in the outer peripheral face of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral grooves spirally extend around the first shaft. The rear end of the spiral groove communicates with the gas-liquid transmission channel, and a side opening of the spiral groove is attached to the wall face of the gas-liquid transmission channel to form a gas-liquid transmission branch. According to the scheme, the nozzle inner plug is arranged in the nozzle, the medium in the nozzle is atomized through the spiral groove of the nozzle inner plug, and the situation that the workpiece machining quality is affected due to the fact that the nozzle sprays large-particle oil drops is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of lathe machining technology, and more particularly to a nozzle, machining device, and machine tool. Background Technology

[0002] Micro-volume lubrication cutting uses a very small amount of lubricating oil to achieve lubrication and cooling of the cutting area, requiring high stability and uniformity of atomization particles. Existing micro-volume lubrication atomization methods can be divided into external atomization and internal atomization. Internal atomization utilizes a precision atomizer to atomize the lubricating oil into a fine oil mist within the atomization chamber of the micro-volume lubrication equipment, which is then transported to the nozzle via a transmission pipeline to achieve micro-volume lubrication cutting. Internal atomization offers advantages such as continuous oil mist supply, simple transmission, no complex moving parts, and ease of operation, and is widely used in micro-volume lubrication cutting. Because the atomized oil mist is mostly a viscous flow, it easily adheres to the pipe wall during transmission. When the adhered small particles accumulate on the wall until their weight exceeds the adhesion force, the accumulated oil droplets flow along the pipe wall to the bottom. Over time, the oil droplets accumulate, eventually forming an oil film during transmission. Near the nozzle exit, the deposited oil film, under the influence of airflow, forms large-diameter splashing oil droplets that are ejected along the nozzle exit. Some of these droplets fall off due to gravity and fail to reach the cutting area, resulting in oil waste. For some workpieces requiring high surface quality, the deposition of large oil droplets can easily cause localized oil residue on the machined surface, affecting the workpiece's machining quality. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to overcome at least one of the defects described in the prior art, the purpose of this application is to provide a nozzle, processing device, and machine tool for atomizing oil mist airflow.

[0004] In a first aspect, this disclosure provides a nozzle having a gas-liquid transmission channel. A nozzle inner plug is provided within the gas-liquid transmission channel. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug abuts against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug has a plurality of spiral grooves evenly distributed around a first axis, and the spiral grooves extend spirally around the first axis. The spiral grooves penetrate the front and rear ends of the nozzle inner plug, and the rear end of the spiral grooves communicates with the gas-liquid transmission channel. The side openings of the spiral grooves are abutted against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel to form gas-liquid transmission branches. The first axis is the axis of the nozzle inner plug.

[0005] Optionally, the nozzle inner plug is frustoconical, and the diameter of the front end face of the nozzle inner plug is smaller than the diameter of the rear end face.

[0006] Optionally, it may also include a transition portion connected to and extending rearward from the nozzle inner plug, the length of the transition portion being less than that of the nozzle inner plug, the outer peripheral surface of the transition portion having a gap with the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel, and the diameter of the transition portion gradually decreasing from front to rear.

[0007] Optionally, the minimum diameter of the transition portion is smaller than the minimum diameter of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral groove extends spirally from the outer periphery of the transition portion to the front end face of the nozzle inner plug around the first axis.

[0008] Optionally, the spiral groove extends backward spirally to the minimum diameter of the transition portion.

[0009] Optionally, it may also include a tail portion located behind and connected to the transition portion, wherein the diameter of the tail portion is less than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition portion.

[0010] Optionally, the tangent along the spiral direction at any point where the sidewall of the spiral groove intersects with the front end face of the nozzle inner plug is perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle inner plug.

[0011] Optionally, the radius of the entire nozzle inner plug is 1.5 to 8.5 mm, the depth of each spiral groove is 1.5 to 4.5 mm, and the depth of each spiral groove is equal in a cross-section perpendicular to the first axis of the nozzle inner plug.

[0012] Optionally, it includes a transmission pipe connector, a nozzle connector, and a nozzle sleeve connected sequentially from back to front, the gas-liquid transmission channel axially passing through the transmission pipe connector, the nozzle connector, and the nozzle sleeve, and the nozzle inner plug is located at the outlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel.

[0013] In a second aspect, this disclosure provides a processing apparatus, including a gas-liquid supply device and a nozzle as described in any embodiment of the first aspect, wherein the nozzle is connected to the gas-liquid supply device.

[0014] Thirdly, this disclosure provides a machine tool, including a machine tool body and a processing apparatus as described in the second aspect disposed on the machine tool body.

[0015] This disclosure involves installing an inner nozzle plug within the nozzle, and using the spiral grooves of the inner nozzle plug to atomize the medium within the nozzle, thus preventing large oil droplets from being ejected from the nozzle and affecting the workpiece processing quality. Furthermore, the pitch depth ratio δ of the spiral groove is controlled between 0.4 and 3, effectively ensuring the total air outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the inner nozzle plug, guaranteeing the air outlet volume of the nozzle, and maintaining the atomization effect within the nozzle. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a micro-lubrication method in the prior art.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the spraying situation at the nozzle in the prior art.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a nozzle according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 4 for Figure 3 The nozzle shown is a cross-sectional view.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle according to other embodiments of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of a nozzle according to some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 7-10 These are schematic diagrams of the nozzle inner plug of this disclosure at different angles.

[0023] Figure 11 for Figure 8 Enlarged view of part M in the image.

[0024] Figure 12 for Figure 11 Velocity decomposition diagram of the medium located at H.

[0025] Figure 13 for Figure 8 The enlarged view of N parts in the image.

[0026] Figure 14 for Figure 13 Velocity decomposition diagram of the medium located at point I.

[0027] Figure 15 for Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the nozzle plug at another angle.

[0028] Figure 16 and Figure 17 These are schematic diagrams of the transition section of some embodiments of this disclosure at different angles.

[0029] Figure 18 and Figure 19 These are schematic diagrams of the tail section at different angles, representing some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle inner plug, transition section and tail section after they are combined in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 21 This is a velocity breakdown diagram of the medium in the spiral groove in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 22This is a velocity breakdown diagram of the medium in the spiral groove in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle inner plug in some embodiments of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 24 for Figure 23 Enlarged view of part O in the image.

[0035] Figure 25 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle inner plug in some other embodiments of this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 26 for Figure 25 Enlarged view of the Q part in the image.

[0037] Figure 27 for Figure 25 Enlarged view of the R part in the image.

[0038] Figure 28 This is a velocity decomposition diagram of the medium in the spiral groove.

[0039] The diagram shows the following labels: 1000, Nozzle; 120, Nozzle plug; 121, Front face of the nozzle plug; 122, Rear face of the nozzle plug; 123, Spiral groove; 1231, Side wall; 1232, Bottom wall; 1233, First groove; 1234, Side opening; 124, Rib; 130, Transition section; 140, Tail end; 200, Transmission pipe connector; 300, Nozzle connector; 400, Nozzle outer sleeve; 500, Sealing ring; 600, Gas-liquid transmission channel; 610, First channel; 620, Second channel; 630, Third channel; 910, Atomizer; 920, Oil mist; 930, Lubricating oil; 940, Air inlet; 950, Atomizing nozzle; 960, Terminal nozzle; 970, Tool; 980, Workpiece; 981, Chip.

[0040] p, pitch; L, depth; β, groove geometry angle; D1, first direction; D2, second direction; D3, third direction; D4, fourth direction; Z0, first axis; Z, front-back direction. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To better understand and implement this application, the technical solutions in this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] In the description of this application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "far", "near", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0043] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application.

[0044] Existing micro-lubrication atomization methods can be divided into two types: external atomization and internal atomization. The main characteristic of external atomization is that a measured amount of lubricating oil is delivered to the nozzle outlet, where compressed air atomizes it into fine mist particles. Unlike external atomization, internal atomization utilizes a precision atomizer to atomize the lubricating oil into fine oil mist within the atomization chamber of the micro-lubrication device, and then transmits this mist through a pipeline to the nozzle, achieving micro-lubrication in cutting processes. Specifically, for example... Figure 1 As shown, lubricating oil is placed at the bottom of the atomizer 910 and is transported to the atomizing nozzle 950 through an internal pipe. The atomizing nozzle is connected to the outside environment through the air inlet 940, so both lubricating oil 930 and outside air can be delivered to the atomizing nozzle to atomize the lubricating oil 930 into oil mist 920. The oil mist 920 is transported to the end nozzle 960 through a pipe, and then sprayed by the end nozzle 960 onto the tool 970 and the workpiece 980, so that the tool 970 can perform cutting on the workpiece 980. During the cutting process, the workpiece 980 will generate chips 981.

[0045] Although built-in atomization offers advantages such as continuous oil mist supply, simple transmission, no complex moving parts, and ease of operation, the atomized oil mist is mostly a viscous flow, making it prone to adhesion to the pipe wall during transmission. When the accumulated small particles on the wall become heavier than the adhesive force, the accumulated oil droplets flow along the pipe wall to the bottom. Over time, the oil droplets accumulate, eventually forming an oil film during transmission. Near the nozzle 1000 outlet, the deposited oil film, under the influence of airflow, forms splashing oil droplets that are ejected from the nozzle 1000 outlet. Figure 2As shown, because the splashed oil droplets are relatively large, some of them will fall off under their own gravity and fail to reach the cutting area, resulting in wasted oil. For some workpieces with high surface quality requirements, the deposition of large oil droplets can easily cause localized oil residue on the machined surface, affecting the workpiece's machining quality.

[0046] Furthermore, the applicant discovered that for micro-lubrication processes using built-in atomization, the nozzles 1000 are mostly straight-through nozzles 1000, which cannot completely eliminate the effects of the aforementioned splashed oil droplets. To effectively solve the above problems, this disclosure proposes a novel micro-lubrication atomizing nozzle 1000.

[0047] Specifically, due to processing requirements, the internal structure of the traditional straight-through nozzle 1000 inevitably has steps. When the fine oil mist reaches the nozzle 1000 orifice through the transmission pipeline, it will adhere to the pipeline wall to form an oil film. In addition, since there are certain steps in the internal structure of the nozzle 1000, the oil mist or oil film is very easy to accumulate on the steps. When the oil mist is sprayed out of the nozzle 1000, it is easy to form large oil droplets, which cannot be completely atomized, resulting in a waste of a small amount of lubricating oil and affecting the micro-lubrication processing effect.

[0048] Therefore, such as Figures 3-5As shown, this disclosure provides a nozzle 1000, including a transmission pipe connector 200, a nozzle connector 300, and a nozzle outer sleeve 400 connected sequentially from back to front. A gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is formed within the nozzle 1000, axially penetrating the transmission pipe connector 200, the nozzle connector 300, and the nozzle outer sleeve 400. A nozzle inner plug 120 is located within the nozzle outer sleeve 400 and in front of the nozzle connector 300. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 is abutted against / contacts with the wall surface of the portion of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 located within the nozzle outer sleeve 400, thus forming the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. A nozzle plug 120 is provided in the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle plug 120 is in contact with / abuts against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle plug 120 has several spiral grooves 123 evenly distributed around the first axis Z0, and the spiral grooves 123 extend spirally around the first axis Z0. The spiral grooves 123 penetrate the front end face 121 and the rear end face of the nozzle plug, and the rear end of the spiral grooves 123 communicates with the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. The side openings 1234 of the spiral grooves 123 are abutted against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 to form a gas-liquid transmission branch. This gas-liquid transmission branch is mainly used for the flow of the medium. Moreover, since the side openings 1234 of the spiral grooves 123 are abutted against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, the medium is prevented from leaving the side openings 1234 of the spiral grooves 123, thus forming a gas-liquid transmission branch for better medium transmission. The gas-liquid transmission branch should be part of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. It can be formed by the spiral groove 123 cooperating with the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and is a channel for guiding the flow of the medium.

[0049] Furthermore, the first axis Z0 extends in the same direction as the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and the first axis Z0 extends in the front-rear direction Z. Additionally, the first axis Z0 is the axis of the nozzle inner plug 120. The front-rear direction Z is indicated in the figure, with the arrow pointing forward.

[0050] Specifically, the transfer connector 200 is used to connect to the transfer pipe. After the liquid is atomized and mixed with the gas, it can pass through the transfer pipe to the transfer connector 200 of the nozzle 1000 and then along the gas-liquid transfer channel 600 until it reaches the nozzle inner plug 120. Secondary atomization of the liquid is achieved through the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120. Specifically, the inlet of the gas-liquid transfer channel 600 is located at the rear end of the transfer connector 200, while the outlet of the gas-liquid transfer channel 600 is located at the front end of the nozzle outer sleeve 400. Furthermore, because the nozzle inner plug 120 is placed at the outlet of the gas-liquid transfer channel 600, and the outer circumferential surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 mates with the wall surface of the gas-liquid transfer channel 600, the gas and liquid at the outlet of the gas-liquid transfer channel 600 can only move along the spiral groove 123 on the nozzle inner plug 120.

[0051] Because the side opening of the spiral groove 123 is fitted against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 to form a gas-liquid transmission branch, the flow of the medium located in the spiral groove 123 is guided. Therefore, under normal circumstances, the medium located inside the spiral groove 123 can only exit from the front port and enter from the rear port of the spiral groove 123, preventing the medium from flowing out from the side opening of the spiral groove 123.

[0052] It should be noted that, as Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 As shown, since the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 has uniformly distributed spiral grooves 123, the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120 is divided by the spiral grooves 123 to form a plurality of raised ribs 124. The raised ribs 124 are spaced apart from the spiral grooves 123 and formed on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120. The outer peripheral surface of the raised ribs 124 may optionally be in contact with the gas-liquid transmission channel 600.

[0053] In some alternative embodiments, the nozzle plug 120 is frustoconical, and the diameter of the front end face 121 of the nozzle plug is smaller than the diameter of the rear end face. It should be noted that since the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle plug 120 is in close contact with the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 at the nozzle plug 120 should be frustoconical, corresponding to the nozzle plug 120. Furthermore, since the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle plug 120 to prevent the medium located in the spiral groove 123 from flowing out from the side opening of the spiral groove 123, the inner wall of this portion of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 is frustoconical, which facilitates the collection of the medium (i.e., oil mist gas flow).

[0054] Furthermore, because the nozzle plug 120 is frustoconical and the diameter of the front face 121 is smaller than the diameter of the rear face 122, the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, which is also frustoconical in shape and has a similar shape to the nozzle plug 120, can restrict the forward movement of the nozzle plug 120 when the oil mist gas flows from back to front, thus preventing the nozzle plug 120 from being ejected. Specifically, as shown in... Figure 4 As shown.

[0055] Furthermore, the spiral groove 123 is configured to gradually approach the first axis Z0 from back to front, so that the oil mist airflow leaving the front end of the spiral groove 123 can be more easily converged toward the first axis Z0, that is, converged at a position off-center.

[0056] In some implementations, such as Figure 16 and Figure 17 As shown, the nozzle 1000 also includes a transition portion 130 connected to the nozzle inner plug 120 and extending rearward. The length of the transition portion 130 is less than that of the nozzle inner plug 120. The outer peripheral surface of the transition portion 130 has a gap with the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, and the diameter of the transition portion 130 gradually decreases from front to back.

[0057] Because there is a gap between the outer peripheral surface of the transition section 130 and the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600, the oil mist gas flow can reach the nozzle inner plug 120 through this gap. Furthermore, since the diameter of the transition section 130 gradually decreases from front to back, the transition section 130 is an inclined surface. When the oil mist gas flow passes through the transition section 130, it can be more easily guided into the spiral groove 123 located on the outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug 120, reducing the resistance of the oil mist gas flow entering the spiral groove 123. Moreover, since the diameter of the transition section 130 gradually decreases from front to back, while the size of the portion of the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 at the transition section 130 position remains approximately constant, the gap between the transition section 130 and the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 should gradually decrease from back to front. Therefore, as the oil mist gas flow moves from back to front, its Reynolds number should be larger, which is more conducive to liquid atomization in the oil mist gas flow.

[0058] It should be noted that the transition part 130 and the nozzle inner plug 120 can be integrally formed, or they can be connected by welding, gluing or other methods. This disclosure does not impose any specific limitations.

[0059] In order to facilitate the entry of oil mist airflow from the transition portion 130 into the nozzle inner plug 120, in some embodiments, the spiral groove 123 extends spirally from the outer periphery of the transition portion 130 to the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug around the first axis Z0.

[0060] The spiral groove 123 extends backward to the minimum diameter of the transition portion 130. This arrangement allows the oil mist airflow to enter the spiral groove 123 as soon as it passes the minimum diameter of the transition portion 130 (i.e., the rear end face of the transition portion 130), guiding the oil mist airflow earlier. This ensures sufficient oil mist airflow injection pressure and output volume during micro-lubrication cutting, as well as turbulence formation of the oil mist airflow for atomization.

[0061] Furthermore, the minimum diameter of the transition section 130 is smaller than the minimum diameter of the nozzle inner plug 120 to ensure that the pressure of the oil mist inlet and outlet of the secondary atomization channel is consistent. The distance between two corresponding points of adjacent spiral grooves 123 in the same diameter direction is the pitch p of the spiral groove 123, and the vertical distance from a point on the outlet of the spiral groove 123 to the bottom surface of the spiral groove 123 is the depth L of the spiral groove 123. See details... Figure 7 and Figure 8The ratio of pitch p to depth L is called the pitch-to-depth ratio δ, and the value of the pitch-to-depth ratio δ ranges from 0.4 to 3.0. It should be noted that the outlet of the spiral groove 123 is located at the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug, and the inlet of the spiral groove 123 is located at the rear end face 122 of the nozzle inner plug. It should also be noted that the equal-diameter direction refers to the outer circumferential direction of a virtual circle centered on the first axis and passing through a point on a cross-section perpendicular to the first axis. Since the distance from each point on the virtual circle to the first axis is equal, it is called the equal-diameter direction.

[0062] To ensure sufficient oil mist injection pressure and air volume during lubricated cutting, this disclosure sets the pitch depth ratio δ to a range of 0.4–3.0. Specifically, as follows... Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, the distance between corresponding points of two adjacent spiral grooves 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120 in the same diameter direction is defined as the spiral groove pitch p, and the vertical distance between corresponding points on the bottom surface and surface of the spiral groove 123 is defined as the spiral groove depth L. The ratio between the pitch p and the depth L is defined as the pitch-depth ratio δ, and δ = p / L. Furthermore, the pitch p of the spiral grooves 123 is 2πR / N, where N is the number of spiral grooves 123 and R is the radius of the nozzle inner plug 120. When the number of spiral grooves 123 is constant, decreasing the spiral groove depth L increases the corresponding pitch-depth ratio δ, meaning the total outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle inner plug 120 decreases. Similarly, for the same spiral groove depth, decreasing the number of spiral grooves 123, i.e., increasing the spiral groove pitch p, also increases the pitch-depth ratio δ, and the total outlet cross-sectional area of ​​the nozzle inner plug 120 will also decrease. Therefore, the available pitch depth ratio δ is an important parameter for determining the distribution of the spiral grooves 123 in the nozzle inner plug 120.

[0063] Too small a spiral groove or too few grooves may increase the resistance to the medium's flow, making atomization difficult. Conversely, if the spiral groove is too large, the medium's velocity within it may be too slow, making it difficult to create turbulence and thus affecting atomization. Therefore, in some implementations, the outlet cross-sectional area of ​​a single nozzle needs to be controlled between 2 and 25 mm. 2 The nozzle 1000 outlet cross-sectional area should be controlled between 2 and 25 mm. 2 Therefore, the radius R of the entire nozzle inner plug 120 is 2.0–8.0 mm, the pitch o of the spiral groove 123 is 2.0–5.0 mm, and the depth L of each spiral groove 123 is 2.0–4.0 mm. Based on the formula δ = p / L, the pitch depth ratio δ can be calculated to be in the range of 0.5–2.5. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the number of spiral grooves is 8–15. However, since the flow requirements of the medium differ under different circumstances, the number of spiral grooves is not specifically limited in this disclosure and can be adjusted according to the situation.

[0064] In the above scheme, large droplets formed on the pipe wall and steps during the spraying process of nozzle 1000 are atomized again through the arc-shaped groove of nozzle plug 120, ensuring the atomization state of the gas and liquid sprayed from nozzle 1000 and ensuring the cooling and lubrication effect of MQL (Minimal Quantity Lubrication). The spiral groove 123 has a larger air passage area and greater velocity variation compared to the straight groove, enabling it to achieve a secondary atomization effect.

[0065] Optionally, the angle between the circumferential tangent of any point within the spiral groove 123 and the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123 is the groove geometry angle β. The spiral groove 123 is configured such that: the medium flows through the spiral groove 123; the relative velocity of the medium flowing along the spiral groove 123 at any point in the spiral groove 123 is vector w; the circumferential velocity of the medium rotating around the first axis Z0 along the nozzle inner plug 120 at any point in the spiral groove 123 is vector u; and the angle between the opposite direction of vector u and vector w is equal to the groove geometry angle β; the groove geometry angle β gradually increases from the rear end to the front end of the spiral groove 123. The medium can be an oil mist gas flow.

[0066] For ease of understanding, Figures 11-12 The diagram shows the circumferential tangent direction of point H within the spiral groove 123, i.e., the first direction D1, and the tangent direction of point H along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123, i.e., the second direction D2. The direction of the vector u of H should be the same as the direction of D1, and the direction of the vector w of H should be the same as the direction of D2. Since the angle β of the groove geometry gradually increases, the relative velocity vector w of the medium flowing along the spiral groove 123 at that point should also change, thereby causing a change in the absolute velocity c of the medium at that point, making it easier to induce turbulence. Wherein, C... H W is the absolute velocity of the medium at point H. H U is the relative velocity of the medium flowing forward along the spiral groove 123 at point H (i.e., the vector w of the medium at point H). H Let denot be the circumferential velocity of the medium at point H as it rotates around the first axis Z0 along the nozzle inner plug 120. (i.e., the vector u of the medium at point H)

[0067] Specifically, in Figure 13 and Figure 14The diagram shows the circumferential tangent direction of point I within the spiral groove 123, i.e., the third direction D3, and the tangent direction of point I along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123, i.e., the fourth direction D4. Point H is located on the rear end face 122 of the nozzle inner plug, and point I is located on the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug. In this case, the groove geometry angle β of point I should be 90°, while the groove geometry angle β of point H is an acute angle, and the groove geometry angle β of point H is smaller than that of point I. However, in some embodiments, due to the special design of the spiral groove 123, the groove geometry angle β at each position on the spiral groove 123 gradually increases along the rear end face 122 to the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug.

[0068] It should be noted that the circumferential tangent is the tangent line to any point within the spiral groove 123 on the virtual circle at that point. The virtual circle has the first axis Z0 as its center and passes through that point, and the virtual circle lies in a plane perpendicular to the first axis Z0. Taking point X as an example, on the plane perpendicular to the first axis Z0, with the first axis Z0 as the center and point X as the boundary, the virtual circle Y corresponding to point X can be drawn. The circumferential tangent line at point X is the line that is tangent to the virtual circle Y at point X.

[0069] The detailed principle of atomization of gas and liquid flowing through the spiral groove 123 is as follows: When oil with a certain viscosity flows on a uniform solid surface, laminar flow is more likely to occur at low flow rates, while turbulent flow occurs at high flow rates. Under constant conditions, a smaller pipe diameter is more likely to result in laminar flow, while a larger diameter is more likely to result in turbulent flow. The atomization effect of the oil can be measured by the Reynolds number, i.e., Re = pvd / μ, where p, v, and μ are the fluid density, flow rate, and viscosity coefficient, respectively, and d is the equivalent diameter of the injection orifice. The larger the Reynolds number, the more irregular the internal motion, the easier it is to generate collisions, and the more conducive it is to atomization. Under the same flow rate, density, and orifice diameter, the Reynolds number depends entirely on the fluid viscosity and is the ratio of inertial force to viscous force. By setting a nozzle plug 120 inside the nozzle 1000, and forming raised ribs and spiral grooves 123 on the nozzle plug 120, the adsorption capacity of different areas for the oil mist gas flow is different, thus forming an adhesion layer or adsorption layer of different thicknesses inside the nozzle 1000. As the oil mist flow along the injection hole, the radial undulations of the adsorption layer increase the radial motion of the droplet velocity flow field, thus increasing the Reynolds number. Furthermore, the structure of the raised ribs and spiral grooves 123 further increases the Reynolds number by creating these radial undulations. The internal molecular motion of the oil mist flow becomes more intense, increasing the molecular motion frequency and making it easier to form turbulent motion. Therefore, under the same conditions, this improves the atomization effect of the oil, making the oil mist flow easier to atomize.

[0070] As described above, this disclosure, based on fluid mechanics principles, utilizes the Reynolds number variation and employs a vortex-type spiral groove 123 structure within the nozzle plug 120 to alter the oil mist airflow velocity and internal pressure within the nozzle 1000. This ensures the oil is subjected to effective force more comprehensively, promoting turbulence and intensifying the molecular motion within the gas and liquid within the nozzle 1000. This increases the molecular motion frequency and collision probability, resulting in better atomization. Compared to traditional nozzles 1000, using the micro-lubrication atomizing nozzle 1000 provided by this disclosure, while achieving the same atomization effect, reduces the required atomization pressure, thereby saving energy. It should be noted that the oil mist airflow refers to the airflow of oil mist, which normally includes a two-phase fluid of gas and liquid, with the core being liquid lubricating oil and gaseous or near-gase lubricating oil.

[0071] Optionally, the spiral groove 123 is further configured such that vector c is equal to the sum of vector u and vector w, the angle between vector c and vector u is α, and the radial component of vector c is c r and the tangential component of velocity c u Satisfy c r =csinα,c u =ccosα; along the rear end of the spiral groove 123 toward the front end, α gradually decreases, where vector c is the absolute velocity of the medium.

[0072] Specifically, taking point H of the spiral groove 123 as an example, the absolute velocity of the medium at point H is c. H Vector c H The radial component of velocity c Hr and the tangential component of velocity c Hu It should satisfy c Hr =c H sinα, c Hu =c H cosα.

[0073] Furthermore, as α gradually decreases from the rear end of the spiral groove 123 towards the front end, assuming the absolute velocity c remains constant, the further forward the position, the smaller α becomes. Therefore, its radial velocity component c... r The smaller it will be. When α is 0, the radial velocity c at that point will be... r =0, the absolute velocity c at that point is equal to the tangential component c along the nozzle inner plug 120. u If the radial velocity c r =0 is located at the intersection of the front end face 121 of the nozzle inner plug and the spiral groove 123. When the oil mist airflow moves from back to front along the spiral groove 123 where α gradually decreases, the absolute velocity c of the oil mist airflow will gradually be decomposed into the tangential component velocity along the nozzle inner plug 120, and will be ejected at a relatively fast speed through the nozzle 1000 outlet (the nozzle 1000 outlet is the front end of the spiral groove 123) to reach the cutting area.

[0074] Taking points H and I of the spiral groove 123 as an example, the absolute velocity of the medium at point H is c. H Vector c H The radial component of velocity c Hr and the tangential component of velocity c Hu It should satisfy c Hr =c H sinα, c Hu =c H cosα. Point H is at the rear end, point I is at the front end, and α at point I is equal to 0, so cosα... Ir =0, therefore, c Hr >c Ir of.

[0075] Furthermore, since the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove at any point where the sidewall 1231 of the spiral groove intersects with the front end face of the nozzle plug 120 is perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle plug 120, i.e., the groove geometry angle β at the intersection of the sidewall of the spiral groove and the front end face of the nozzle plug is 90°, this ensures that the oil mist airflow ejected through the spiral groove 123 is completely perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle plug 120, reducing side spraying and ensuring that the oil mist airflow is ejected from the nozzle 1000 at a relatively high speed. It should be noted that the sidewall 1231 of the spiral groove 123 is curved, forming an arc shape. At the foremost position of the spiral groove 123, i.e., where it intersects with the front end face 121 of the nozzle plug 120, the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove at any point on the sidewall of this arc shape will be perpendicular to the front end face 121 of the nozzle plug 120, i.e., at any point at the intersection, the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove is perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle plug. Furthermore, since the front end face 121 of the nozzle plug 120 is perpendicular to the first axis Z0, the tangents of the arc-shaped shape should be parallel to the first axis Z0.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 18 and Figure 19 As shown, the nozzle 1000 also includes a tail portion 140 disposed behind and connected to the transition portion 130, the diameter of which is less than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition portion 130. In some embodiments, such as Figure 20As shown, the nozzle inner plug 120, transition portion 130, and tail portion 140 are integrally formed and connected sequentially from front to back. Optionally, the spiral groove 123 extends from the tail portion 140 to the nozzle inner plug 120, that is, the spiral groove 123 passes through the transition portion 130 and finally reaches the nozzle inner plug 120. When the oil mist airflow flows from rear to front, it first passes through the tail portion 140. If the diameter of the tail portion 140 is too large, it may affect the oil mist airflow entering the spiral groove 123 of the transition portion 130 and the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120. Therefore, the diameter of the tail portion 140 is less than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition portion 130.

[0077] It should be noted that the portion of the spiral groove 123 extending to the tail 140 and the transition portion 130 can also satisfy the following two points: (1) The angle between the circumferential tangent at any point in the spiral groove 123 and the tangent along the spiral direction of the spiral groove 123 is the groove geometry angle β. The spiral groove 123 is configured such that: the medium flows through the spiral groove 123, the relative velocity of the medium flowing along the spiral groove 123 at that point is vector w, the circumferential velocity of the medium at that point along the rotation direction of the nozzle inner plug 120 about the first axis Z0 is vector u, and the angle between the opposite direction of vector u and vector w is equal to the groove geometry angle β; the groove geometry angle β gradually increases from the rear end to the front end of the spiral groove 123; (2) vector c is equal to the sum of vector u and vector w, and the angle between vector c and vector u is α, and the radial component of vector c is c r and the tangential component of velocity c u Satisfy c r =csinα,c u =ccosα; along the rear end of the spiral groove 123 toward the front end, α gradually decreases, where vector c is the absolute velocity of the medium.

[0078] The oil mist gas flows along the gas-liquid transmission channel inside the nozzle 1000. Before reaching the tail 140, its flow direction is mainly distributed along the axial direction of the nozzle 1000. When the oil mist gas reaches the tail 140 and flows along the tail 140, the transition section 130, and the nozzle plug 120, the oil mist gas will flow along the spiral groove 123. According to the relevant theories of fluid dynamics, the absolute velocity of any particle of the oil mist gas in the spiral groove 123 can be decomposed into the relative velocity flowing along the channel of the spiral groove 123 and the circumferential velocity rotating around the first axis Z0 of the nozzle plug 120. Assuming that the absolute velocity of any particle of the oil mist gas in the spiral groove 123 is c, the relative velocity flowing along the channel of the spiral groove 123 is w, and the circumferential velocity rotating around the first axis Z0 of the nozzle plug 120 is u, according to the principle of velocity decomposition and synthesis in fluid mechanics, these three velocity vectors form a velocity triangle, called the oil mist gas velocity triangle. The angle between the absolute velocity c and the circumferential velocity u is called the absolute flow angle, which can be represented by α. The angle between the relative velocity w and the reverse direction of the circumferential velocity u is called the relative flow angle, which is defined as the groove geometry angle of the spiral groove 123 and can be expressed by β. Combining the velocity triangle, we can obtain:

[0079] c = w + u (1-1)

[0080] like Figure 21 as well as Figure 22 As shown, at point K of the spiral groove 123, it is assumed that the relative velocity of the flow along the spiral groove 123 is w and the angle between the opposite directions of the velocity and u is β. K The absolute velocity is c, and the angle between c and u is α. K Similarly, at point J of the spiral groove 123, assuming the relative velocity of the flow along the spiral groove 123 is w and the angle between the opposite directions of the velocity and u is β. J The absolute velocity is c, and the angle between c and u is α. J ;β K and β J The groove geometry angles at points K and J of the spiral groove 123; such as Figure 28 As shown, based on the velocity triangles at points K and J, we can deduce:

[0081] c Kr =c K sinα K (1-2)

[0082] c Ku =c K cosα K (1-3)

[0083] c Jr =c J sinα J (1-4)

[0084] c Ju =c J cosα J (1-5)

[0085] Among them, c Kr Let c be the absolute velocity of the oil mist gas flow at point K. K The radial component of velocity, c Ku Let c be the absolute velocity of the oil mist gas flow at point K. K The tangential component of velocity, c Jr Let c be the absolute velocity of the oil mist gas flow at point J. J The radial component of velocity, c Ju Let c be the absolute velocity of the oil mist gas flow at point J. J The tangential component velocity.

[0086] The spiral groove 123 structure has a groove geometry angle β that gradually increases from the airflow inlet end to the outlet end of the spiral groove 123. K <β J Furthermore, the geometric angle β of the groove shape at the outlet of the spiral groove 123 can be 90 degrees. In addition, the angle α between the absolute velocities c and u gradually decreases from the inlet end to the outlet end of the spiral groove 123, i.e., α... K >α J Furthermore, the absolute flow angle α at the outlet of the spiral groove 123 can be 0 degrees. From equations (1-2), (1-3), (1-4), and (1-5), it can be seen that when the oil mist gas flow in the spiral groove reaches the inlet end of the spiral groove, the angle α is at its maximum value, and the radial component of the absolute velocity c of the oil mist gas flow is also at its maximum. As the angle α gradually decreases from the inlet end of the spiral groove to the outlet end, the radial component of the absolute velocity c of the oil mist gas flow gradually decreases, and when α = 0 degrees, the radial component of the absolute velocity c of the oil mist gas flow is zero.

[0087] And actually from Figure 20 It can also be observed that the direction of the spiral groove 123 gradually tends to be perpendicular to the cross-section of the nozzle inner plug 120 (the cross-section of the nozzle inner plug 120 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the nozzle inner plug 120), that is, the direction of the spiral groove 123 gradually changes to be parallel to the axial direction.

[0088] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the transmission pipe connector 200 forms a first channel 610 that extends through the front and rear of the transmission pipe connector 200, the nozzle connector 300 forms a second channel 620 that extends through the front and rear of the nozzle connector 300, and the nozzle sleeve 400 forms a third channel 630 that extends through the front and rear of the nozzle sleeve 400. The transmission pipe connector 200 is inserted into the second channel 620 of the nozzle connector 300, so that the first channel 610 and the second channel 620 are connected. The nozzle connector 300 is inserted into the third channel 630 of the nozzle sleeve 400, so that the second channel 620 and the third channel 630 are connected. Thus, the first channel 610, the second channel 620, and the third channel 630 cooperate to form a gas-liquid transmission channel 600 that extends through the nozzle 1000 in the front-rear direction. The nozzle plug 120, the transition portion 130, and the tail portion 140 are all located in the third channel 630. Specifically, when the oil mist gas flow leaves the second channel 620 and enters the third channel 630, it is first blocked by the tail 140 and sprayed to the side of the tail 140, and then enters the spiral groove 123. It then passes through the spiral groove 123 from the tail 140 to the transition section 130, and finally reaches the nozzle inner plug 120. To facilitate the smooth entry of gas into the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120, there is a gap between the tail 140 and the transition section 130 and the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 on the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle 1000. Furthermore, the transition section 130 is an inclined surface, with its cross-section gradually increasing from back to front to reduce the gap between the transition section 130 and the gas-liquid transmission channel 600. Therefore, the transition section 130 can gradually guide the oil mist gas flow into the spiral groove 123, making the oil mist gas flow into the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120 smoother.

[0089] In some embodiments, the radius R of the entire nozzle inner plug 120 is 1.5 to 8.5 mm, the depth L of each spiral groove 123 is 1.5 to 4.5 mm, and the depth of each spiral groove 123 is equal in a cross section perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle inner plug 120.

[0090] It should be noted that since the dimensions of the nozzle inner plug 120 vary along the front-to-back direction, the radius of the entire nozzle inner plug 120 mentioned above refers to the radius of each cross section perpendicular to the first axis Z0 of the nozzle inner plug 120.

[0091] Continue reading Figure 5The nozzle inner plug 120 is installed inside the tapered hole of the nozzle outer sleeve 400. A sealing ring 500 is installed at the middle of the front end of the nozzle connector 300, and then threadedly connected to the internal thread of the nozzle outer sleeve 400. The sealing ring 500 enhances airtightness and prevents air leakage that could lead to insufficient pressure at the nozzle 1000 orifice. The outer thread of the transmission pipe connector 200 is wrapped with PTFE tape and threadedly connected to the inner thread of the nozzle connector 300. The rear end of the transmission pipe connector 200 is connected to the transmission pipeline, which can be a bamboo tube, copper tube, flexible hose, etc. The transmission method of the transmission pipeline is oil or air.

[0092] Furthermore, the bottom wall 1232 of each spiral groove 123 is perpendicular to the side wall 1231 of the spiral groove 123, and there is a chamfer between the bottom wall 1232 and the side wall 1231 of each spiral groove 123, so that the spiral groove 123 smoothly transitions between the bottom wall 1232 and the side wall 1231, avoiding oil accumulation in the corners. The bottom wall 1232 of the spiral groove 123 can also be arc-shaped. The spiral grooves 123 and the raised ribs are arranged alternately and closely, with as many vortex-shaped groove structures as possible to promote the internal movement of the oil mist airflow, making full use of the flow channels provided by the spiral grooves 123 of the nozzle plug 120 to achieve a secondary atomization effect of the oil mist airflow.

[0093] In some embodiments, such as Figure 23-27 As shown, the bottom wall 1232 or side wall 1231 of the spiral groove 123 can also be configured as wavy. Therefore, a first groove 1233 is formed at the concave portion of the bottom wall 1232 and side wall 1231 corresponding to the wavy shape. Moreover, since the first groove is formed by the wavy shape, there is a smooth transition between the structure of the first groove and its edge.

[0094] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the distance between the two side walls 1231 of the spiral groove 123 in the equal-diameter direction at the bottom of the spiral groove is less than the distance at the opening, and this distance gradually increases, that is, the distance between the two side walls 1231 of the spiral groove 123 gradually increases from back to front, to form a flared shape. Moreover, in some embodiments, the flared spiral groove 123 and the rectangular spiral groove 123 can be arranged alternately to improve the gas-liquid transmission flow rate.

[0095] The design incorporates as many structures as possible to promote internal gas-liquid movement, thus comprehensively affecting the gas and liquid flowing through the nozzle inner plug 120. The sidewalls or bottom walls of the spiral groove 123 are undulating and wave-shaped to promote internal gas-liquid movement and reduce the angle structure that would cause gas-liquid accumulation. The angle between the sidewall and bottom wall of the spiral groove 123 can also be acute, and the bottom surface of the spiral groove 123 can be arc-shaped to make the inner surface of the spiral groove 123 smoother, thereby promoting aerosol flow and preventing oil from accumulating in corners.

[0096] Optional, such as Figure 5 As shown, the tail 140 is a cylindrical step, and the center of the tail 140 is drilled with a threaded hole designed to facilitate the machining of the spiral groove 123.

[0097] Furthermore, this disclosure also provides a processing apparatus, including a gas-liquid supply device and a nozzle 1000 in any of the above embodiments, wherein the nozzle 1000 is connected to the gas-liquid supply device.

[0098] In addition, this disclosure also provides a machine tool, including a machine tool body and the above-described processing apparatus.

[0099] In use, the oil mist airflow enters the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 from the transmission pipe connector 200 and moves from back to front through the gas-liquid transmission channel 600 to the tail 140. The oil mist airflow is guided at the tail 140, then diffuses to the surrounding area of ​​the tail 140, and is further guided by the transition section 130 to gradually enter the spiral groove 123 of the nozzle inner plug 120. In the spiral groove 123, the velocity of the oil mist airflow is continuously changed, making it less prone to laminar flow and more prone to turbulence. This helps to atomize the liquid in the oil mist airflow, which is then finally ejected from the nozzle 1000 through the spiral groove 123. The oil mist airflow exiting the nozzle reaches the cutting tool to facilitate machining of the workpiece.

[0100] This disclosure improves the quality of micro-lubricating oil mist by setting a nozzle inner plug 120 at the outlet of the nozzle 1000 and by using a specially designed vortex-type spiral groove 123 structure, which enables secondary atomization of the oil mist airflow when it is sprayed out through the nozzle 1000, thereby preventing the formation of large droplets at the outlet of the nozzle 1000.

[0101] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions disclosed herein, the technical means of this application are not limited to those disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of this application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A nozzle, characterized in that, A gas-liquid transmission channel is formed, and a nozzle inner plug is provided in the gas-liquid transmission channel. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug abuts against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel. The outer peripheral surface of the nozzle inner plug has a plurality of spiral grooves evenly distributed around a first axis, and the spiral grooves extend spirally around the first axis. The spiral grooves penetrate the front end face and the rear end face of the nozzle inner plug, and the rear end of the spiral grooves communicates with the gas-liquid transmission channel. The side openings of the spiral grooves are abutted against the wall of the gas-liquid transmission channel to form gas-liquid transmission branches. The first axis is the nozzle inner... The axis of the plug.

2. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nozzle inner plug is frustoconical, and the diameter of the front end face of the nozzle inner plug is smaller than the diameter of the rear end face.

3. The nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, It also includes a transition portion connected to and extending rearward from the nozzle inner plug, the length of the transition portion being less than that of the nozzle inner plug, the outer peripheral surface of the transition portion having a gap with the wall surface of the gas-liquid transmission channel, and the diameter of the transition portion gradually decreasing from front to back.

4. The nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that, The minimum diameter of the transition section is smaller than the minimum diameter of the nozzle inner plug, and the spiral groove extends spirally from the outer periphery of the transition section to the front end face of the nozzle inner plug around the first axis.

5. The nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that, The spiral groove extends backward to the minimum diameter of the transition section.

6. The nozzle according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a tail portion located behind and connected to the transition portion, wherein the diameter of the tail portion is less than or equal to the minimum diameter of the transition portion.

7. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tangent along the spiral direction at any point where the sidewall of the spiral groove intersects with the front end face of the nozzle plug is perpendicular to the front end face of the nozzle plug.

8. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of the entire nozzle inner plug is 1.5 to 8.5 mm, and the depth of each spiral groove is 1.5 to 4.5 mm. In a cross-section perpendicular to the first axis of the nozzle inner plug, the depth of each spiral groove is equal.

9. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes a transmission pipe connector, a nozzle connector, and a nozzle sleeve connected sequentially from back to front. The gas-liquid transmission channel axially passes through the transmission pipe connector, the nozzle connector, and the nozzle sleeve, and the nozzle inner plug is located at the outlet of the gas-liquid transmission channel.

10. A processing apparatus, characterized in that, include: A gas-liquid supply device and a nozzle as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the nozzle is connected to the gas-liquid supply device.

11. A machine tool, characterized in that, include: The machine tool body and the processing apparatus of claim 10 disposed on the machine tool body.

Images