Vegetation type ecological bank protection structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a vegetation type ecological bank protection structure, which comprises a first stone footing, a second stone footing and a slope protection layer, the first slope section comprises a plurality of ecological self-locking building blocks and emergent aquatic plants, the first slope section obliquely extends upwards and outwards from the first stone footing, and the emergent aquatic plants are located in hollow grooves of the ecological self-locking building blocks; the second slope section obliquely extends upwards and outwards from the edge of the top of the first slope section, the second slope section comprises a plurality of slope surface lattice bars and a plurality of ecological mixing layers, the slope surface lattice bars are arranged in parallel and at intervals, and each ecological mixing layer is located between every two adjacent slope surface lattice bars; the second stone footing is located on one side of the edge of the top of the second slope section; and the bank protection moisture adjusting device is arranged on the first slope section or the second slope section. The vegetation type ecological revetment structure can adapt to hydrological characteristics of northern seasonal rivers, so that self-recovery and sustainable development of a river ecological system are promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to river revetment technology field especially relates to a kind of ecological revetment structure of phytogenic. BACKGROUND

[0002] The river in northern China presents obvious seasonal characteristics;In non-flood season, the main river channel becomes narrow, the water flow is slow, and in some areas, the river may even appear dry phenomenon;However, in flood season, the river channel significantly widens, and the water flow speed increases. At the same time, the climate in northern China presents obvious seasonal differences, with scorching heat in summer and extremely cold in winter, which poses a severe test to the drought tolerance and cold tolerance of plants on the river revetment.

[0003] The river revetment in the prior art, especially the river revetment in northern China, can protect the stability and safety of the river bank in some cases;However, due to the obvious seasonal characteristics of the river in northern China, the current river revetment cannot better realize self-repair of the river ecosystem and cannot ensure sustainable development of the river ecosystem;Therefore, how the river revetment adapts to the hydrological characteristics of the seasonal river in northern China to promote self-recovery and sustainable development of the river ecosystem is a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of this, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of ecological revetment structure of phytogenic to eliminate or improve one or more defects in prior art.

[0005] One aspect of the utility model provides a kind of ecological revetment structure of phytogenic, the ecological revetment structure includes:

[0006] The first stone base foot is located on one side of the river bottom;

[0007] The first slope section includes a plurality of ecological self-locking blocks and emergent plants, the first slope section extends upward and outward from the first stone base foot, and the emergent plants are located in the hollow grooves of the ecological self-locking blocks;

[0008] The second slope section extends upward and outward from the top edge of the first slope section, and includes a plurality of slope surface grids and a plurality of ecological mixed layers, the plurality of slope surface grids are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and each ecological mixed layer is located between two adjacent slope surface grids;

[0009] The second stone base foot is located on one side of the top edge of the second slope section;

[0010] The revetment moisture regulating device is arranged in the first slope section or the second slope section.

[0011] In some embodiments of the utility model, the ecological mixed layer includes vegetation concrete, nutrient base layer and grass planting cover layer, the vegetation concrete, nutrient base layer and grass planting cover layer are sequentially covered from bottom to top.

[0012] In some embodiments of the utility model, the bank protection water content adjusting device includes sensor module, water source management module and control unit, the control unit is connected with the sensor module and water source management module.

[0013] In some embodiments of the utility model, the bank protection water content adjusting device further includes data communication module and power management module, the control unit is connected with the sensor module and water source management module through the data communication module, and the power management module is used to power the sensor module, water source management module, control unit and data communication module.

[0014] In some embodiments of the utility model, the sensor module includes soil moisture sensor and temperature and humidity sensor, the soil moisture sensor is used to monitor the moisture of the first slope section and / or second slope section, and the temperature and humidity sensor is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment of the bank protection, and the soil moisture sensor and temperature and humidity sensor are connected with the control unit.

[0015] In some embodiments of the utility model, the water source management module includes rainwater collection component and irrigation equipment, the rainwater collection component is located in the upstream area of the bank protection, and the irrigation equipment is arranged in the first slope section and / or second slope section, and the irrigation equipment is connected with the control unit and rainwater collection component.

[0016] In some embodiments of the utility model, the power management module includes solar cell panel, and / or,

[0017] The data communication module is LoRa module or GPRS module.

[0018] In some embodiments of the utility model, the ecological bank protection structure further includes drawdown zone layer, the drawdown zone layer is located between the second stone base foot and the top edge of the second slope section, and the drawdown zone layer includes herbaceous plants.

[0019] In some embodiments of the utility model, the emergent plant is Vallisneria, waterweed, cattail, reed, cattail, water onion, sedge, purple grass, forsythia, canna or yellow flag;

[0020] The herbaceous plant is dogtail grass, alfalfa, grey-green wormwood, red clover, lythrum salicifolium, ophiopogon, chives, sowthistle, wild morning glory or cattail.

[0021] In some embodiments of the utility model, the ecological mixed layer further comprises a gravel cushion layer, and the vegetation concrete is covered on the gravel cushion layer.

[0022] The vegetation ecological revetment structure disclosed in the above embodiments of the utility model comprises a first stone base foot, a first slope section, a second slope section, a second stone base foot and a revetment moisture adjusting device, the first slope section of the revetment structure comprises ecological self-locking blocks and emergent plants, the second slope section comprises a plurality of slope surface stems and a plurality of ecological mixed layers, and the revetment moisture adjusting device is arranged on the first slope section and / or the second slope section; the vegetation ecological revetment structure is aimed at the characteristics of seasonal river level fluctuation in the north, the slope is constructed with a multi-level ecological habitat, the measures of combining the vegetation concrete self-locking block with the vegetation concrete are adopted, and the purpose of protecting and improving the ecological environment of the river bank is achieved. The vegetation ecological revetment structure can adapt to the hydrological characteristics of the seasonal river in the north, thereby promoting the self-recovery and sustainable development of the river ecological system.

[0023] The additional advantages, objects, and features of the present utility model will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter in the description, and will be learned from a reading of the following specification and by practicing the present utility model. The objects and other advantages of the present utility model will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and the appended drawings.

[0024] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the objects and advantages of the present utility model can not be limited to the above specific description, and the above and other objects that can be achieved by the present utility model will be more clearly understood according to the following detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings described herein are used to provide further understanding of the present utility model, constitute a part of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation to the present utility model. The components in the drawings are not drawn to scale, but are only used to show the principles of the present utility model. In order to facilitate the showing and description of some parts of the present utility model, the corresponding parts in the drawings can be enlarged, i.e., can become larger than other components in the exemplary device actually manufactured according to the present utility model. In the drawings:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional structure schematic view of the vegetation ecological revetment structure of an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structure schematic view of the ecological self-locking block of an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 3 It is a connection relationship schematic view of a plurality of ecological self-locking blocks of an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an ecological hybrid layer according to an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of a bank protection moisture regulation device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] First Stone Foundation 10 Eco-friendly Self-locking Blocks 21 Emerging Aquatic Plants 22 Slope Grids 31 Eco-friendly Mixed Layer 32 Second Stone Foundation 50 Drainage Zone Layer 40 Crushed Stone Subbase 321 Vegetated Concrete 322 Nutrient Base Layer 323 Grass Mulch Layer 324 Soil Moisture Sensor 611 Temperature and Humidity Sensor 612 Water Management Module 62 Control Unit 63 Data Communication Module 64 Power Management Module 65 Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings. Here, the illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this utility model are used to explain the present utility model, but are not intended to limit the present utility model.

[0034] It should also be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the structures and / or processing steps closely related to the solution according to the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, while other details that are not closely related to the present invention are omitted.

[0035] It should be emphasized that the term "including / comprises" as used herein refers to the presence of a feature, element, step, or component, but does not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, steps, or components.

[0036] It should also be noted that the directional terms such as "left end" and "right end" used in this specification are relative to the positions shown in the attached drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the term "connection" in this document can refer not only to a direct connection but also to an indirect connection involving an intermediate component. A direct connection is a connection between two components without the aid of an intermediate component, while an indirect connection is a connection between two components using other components.

[0037] In order to cope with the serious challenges of soil erosion, vegetation degradation and ecological environment deterioration frequently faced by the bank area of the seasonal river in the north, the present application provides a vegetation ecological revetment structure, which combines vegetation concrete self-locking blocks and vegetation concrete; the vegetation concrete self-locking blocks have good water permeability and air permeability, which can effectively promote the growth of plant root systems and reduce the direct erosion of water flow on the river bank; the vegetation concrete provides a growth substrate for plants through its special porous structure, and at the same time enhances the stability and durability of the revetment; at the same time, local drought-tolerant and cold-tolerant plants are introduced to adapt to the hydrological characteristics of the seasonal river in the north, so as to not only promote the self-recovery and sustainable development of the river ecosystem, but also enhance the ecological function of the river bank, improve biodiversity, and at the same time reduce maintenance costs.

[0038] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar components.

[0039] Figure 1 The vegetation ecological revetment structure of an embodiment of the present application is a cross-sectional structure diagram, as shown in Figure 1 The ecological revetment structure includes a first stone base foot 10, a first slope section, a second slope section, a second stone base foot 50 and a revetment moisture regulating device.

[0040] The first stone base foot 10 is located on one side of the river bottom; the first slope section includes a plurality of ecological self-locking blocks 21 and emergent plants 22, the first slope section extends upward and outward from the first stone base foot 10, and the emergent plants 22 are located in the hollow grooves of the ecological self-locking blocks 21; the second slope section extends upward and outward from the top edge of the first slope section, and the second slope section includes a plurality of slope surface grids 31 and a plurality of ecological mixed layers 32, a plurality of the slope surface grids 31 are arranged in parallel and spaced apart, and each of the ecological mixed layers 32 is located between two adjacent slope surface grids 31; the second stone base foot 50 is located on one side of the top edge of the second slope section; the revetment moisture regulating device is arranged in the first slope section or / and the second slope section.

[0041] Specifically, the vegetation ecological revetment structure of the above-mentioned embodiment is a slope revetment, and its stability and erosion resistance meet the relevant national standards. Referring to Figure 1 , the first stone base foot 10, the first slope section, the second slope section and the second stone base foot 50 are arranged in order from bottom to top, and the revetment moisture regulating device is arranged in the first slope section or / and the second slope section. Figure 1The number of the bank protection water regulating devices can be set according to actual needs, for example, when the river is long, a plurality of bank protection water regulating devices can be set based on the length of the slope bank. Exemplarily, the ecological self-locking block 21 (also referred to as a phytogenic concrete self-locking block) meets the following requirements: the compressive strength grade of the block is not less than MU25, the height of the block is 0.25-0.50 m, the wall thickness is not less than 0.05 m, and the unit weight is not less than 19 kN / m3. When selecting the slope protection plants, the cold tolerance, water tolerance and root development degree of the plants should be considered to ensure that the plants can grow stably under changing water level and climate conditions, therefore, emergent plants 22 are planted in the hollow grooves of the ecological self-locking blocks 21, and a structural diagram of the ecological self-locking block 21 is shown in Figure 2 A connection relationship diagram of a plurality of ecological self-locking blocks 21 is shown in Figure 3

[0042] In addition, the selected planting plants should be able to adapt to the climate and soil conditions in the north, especially the alkalinity and water retention capacity of the soil. Specifically, the following characteristics can be considered when selecting: vitality and stress resistance, economy; for vitality and stress resistance, plants with strong vitality, rapid growth and good stress resistance should be selected, which are suitable for extensive management and easy to maintain; for economy, plants with low cost and easy to obtain are selected to reduce the economic burden of ecological restoration. When selecting plants, the type of root system is also a key factor. Plant root systems can be divided into taproot systems and fibrous root systems: taproot plants have developed root systems and strong penetration, which can damage the internal structure of the porous concrete, resulting in reduced stability, which is extremely unfavorable for ecological restoration of the slope; the root diameter of fibrous root plants is generally less than 1 mm, and such fine root systems will not damage the porous concrete matrix, therefore, fibrous root plants are a more suitable choice. In addition, according to the seasonal characteristics of rivers in the north, the water level changes in the dry season, the normal water period and the flood season are considered, and a multi-level vegetation combination is designed for the phytogenic ecological bank protection structure.

[0043] ​Emergent plants 22 can include Vallisneria natans, aquatic plants, Myriophyllum spicatum, reeds, cattails, water onions, sedges, gromwell, forsythia, canna lilies, or yellow iris. Vallisneria natans is cold-hardy, has a well-developed root system, and can grow stably in water, improving water quality, increasing oxygen supply, and providing habitats for aquatic organisms. Aquatic plants grow rapidly, are highly adaptable, and can grow effectively underwater, purifying water and increasing biodiversity. Myriophyllum spicatum is widely adaptable and can provide shelter for fish and other aquatic organisms, improving aquatic ecology and reducing nutrient accumulation. Reeds are cold-hardy, have strong root systems, and adapt to humid environments, preventing soil erosion, stabilizing slopes, and providing habitats. Cattails adapt to fluctuating water levels and can grow along water edges, enhancing aquatic ecological functions and stabilizing soil. Water onions... Suitable for growing in humid environments, with well-developed root systems, these plants help stabilize soil and water and enhance biodiversity; sedges adapt to various hydrological conditions, grow rapidly, and help improve soil quality and fix soil; gromwell is highly adaptable and can grow in humid environments, enhancing soil structure and providing a stable environment for slope protection; forsythia is cold-resistant and adaptable to various soil conditions, providing shelter and habitat, and improving the ecological environment; canna lilies grow rapidly, are moisture-tolerant, and have brightly colored flowers, beautifying the environment and attracting birds and insects; yellow iris is moisture-tolerant and highly adaptable, with brightly colored flowers, improving water quality and providing habitats for insects.

[0044] Furthermore, the ecological hybrid layer 32 includes vegetated concrete 322, a nutrient base layer 323, and a grass cover layer 324, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the vegetated concrete 322, the nutrient base layer 323, and the grass cover layer 324 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. For example, the vegetated concrete 322 is composed of aggregates, cement, fertilizer, admixtures, etc., and its pH value is preferably 7.0-8.5; the aggregates should preferably be single-graded, with a particle size of 20-40mm, and the cement dosage should preferably be 280-320kg / m³. 3 The water-cement ratio should not exceed 0.5, the thickness should be 0.05-0.15m, the porosity should be 25%-30%, the permeability coefficient should not be less than 1.0cm / s, and the bulk density should not be less than 18kN / m³. 3 The compressive strength is not less than 5 MPa.

[0045] The compressive strength of the green concrete 322 gradually decreases as the porosity increases from 20% to 35%, and the average compressive strength can still be maintained at about 8 MPa when the porosity is about 28%. The compressive strength of the green concrete 322 increases first and then decreases as the water-binder ratio increases, and the compressive strength is relatively high when the water-binder ratio is between 0.27 and 0.33, and is usually maintained above 9 MPa. Even if the water-binder ratio reaches 0.35, the compressive strength can still be maintained above 8 MPa. Adding mineral admixtures such as fly ash, slag and silica fume to the cementitious material is an effective way to reduce the amount of cement. When the amount of these mineral admixtures added is within 30% of the total amount of cementitious material, the effect on strength is small, and the addition of no more than 10% of silica fume also has a relatively small effect on strength. The addition of mineral admixtures to the green concrete 322 has a relatively small effect on strength because the green concrete 322 has a high porosity, and the densification of the cement matrix at the micro level cannot significantly improve the overall porosity, so the improvement of the compressive strength is limited. The compressive strength linearly decreases as the aggregate-binder ratio increases, and when the aggregate-binder ratio increases from 4.8 to 6.8, the compressive strength decreases by about 40% to 9.66 MPa. The compressive strength gradually decreases as the average particle size of the aggregate increases. When the average particle size of the aggregate is less than 22.5 mm, the compressive strength basically meets the requirement of 8 MPa.

[0046] In addition, studies have shown that the frost resistance of concrete is better when the water-binder ratio is about 0.27, and the frost resistance is also good when the replacement rate of recycled aggregate reaches 50%, and the addition of larger aggregate particles and the addition of 20% to 40% of mineral powder can effectively improve the frost resistance of concrete. In addition, the frost resistance of concrete doped with 0.9% volume fraction of polypropylene fibers is best. The green concrete 322 in the above embodiment can be specifically selected from the concrete with good frost resistance.

[0047] Furthermore, carbonation treatment of planted concrete 322 can form a dense calcium carbonate layer on the surface, which helps prevent the diffusion of internal Ca(OH)2 into the pores, thereby reducing the alkalinity of the pore environment. However, rapid carbonation requires specialized equipment, making large-scale application in engineering practice challenging. Using low-alkali cement to fundamentally reduce the amount of Ca(OH)2 generated in concrete is one of the effective methods to reduce the alkalinity of planted concrete 322. Sulfoaluminate cement (SAC), as a low-alkali cement, has been explored by some scholars in the research of porous planted concrete 322. Planted concrete 322 prepared with SAC cement maintained an alkalinity below 8.85 for 28 days, meeting the requirements for planted concrete. Further experiments showed that the alkalinity-reducing effect was even better when sulfoaluminate cement was used in combination with gypsum (Gpy). Using a mixture of 60% SAC and 40% gypsum, the pH value could be reduced to 9.17, meeting the growth requirements of alkali-tolerant plants. However, if the gypsum content is further increased, the compressive strength will decrease rapidly, failing to meet the strength requirements. It is important to note that sulfoaluminate cement typically exhibits rapid hardening characteristics, but its drying shrinkage and frost resistance are relatively poor, limiting its application in vegetation concrete 322. Furthermore, chemical alkalinity reduction methods are frequently employed, such as spraying or soaking with weakly acidic chemical solutions; soaking in 3% ammonium bicarbonate solution, 3% phosphate solution, or 1%-3% composite phosphate solution, or spraying with 1%-3% oxalic acid solution, as well as silane impregnation, can all reduce the long-term alkalinity of vegetation concrete 322 to below 9.5, meeting the growth requirements of alkali-tolerant plants. The principle of chemical alkalinity reduction is generally to react with the hydration products of concrete, generating dense calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, etc., preventing the diffusion of Ca(OH)2 from the cement matrix into the pores. However, using ammonium bicarbonate for alkali reduction may compromise the strength of concrete to some extent, while phosphates are typically rich in phosphorus and nitrogen, which could negatively impact water quality if used for river and lake bank protection. Therefore, the 322 alkali reduction scheme for porous vegetation concrete can employ a combined chemical-physical approach, involving mix design optimization. For example, a small amount of silica fume can be added during mix design to appropriately reduce the initial alkalinity of the cementitious materials; then, during the curing stage, immersion or repeated spraying with phosphate solutions or oxalic acid solutions can be used for chemical alkali reduction; and even spraying silane onto the concrete surface can create a hydrophobic layer to reduce alkali diffusion.

[0048] Furthermore, the ecological mixed layer 32 also includes a gravel cushion layer 321, such as Figure 4 As shown, the vegetated concrete 322 covers the crushed stone cushion layer 321. Specifically, the thickness of the crushed stone cushion layer can be set to be not less than 0.10m, and the unit area mass of the geotextile is not less than 300g / m². 2 .

[0049] The grass-planting covering layer 324 in the second slope section should consider plants with adaptability to PH, such as alfalfa, little crown flower, purple pagoda tree, tall fescue, rye grass, elymus dahuricus, St. Augustine grass, and sand dune willow, etc. The alfalfa has the characteristics of thick and strong roots and developed root neck. The little crown flower has the characteristics of thick and strong roots and developed lateral roots. The purple pagoda tree has the characteristics of wide and fast-growing roots. The tall fescue has the characteristics of strong resistance, acid resistance and thin soil resistance. The rye grass has the characteristics of developed roots. The St. Augustine grass has the characteristics of deep roots. The sand dune willow has the characteristics of long and curved main roots, developed lateral roots and less fine roots.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present application, the ecological revetment structure further comprises a drawdown zone layer 40, which is located between the second stone base 50 and the top edge of the second slope section, and the drawdown zone layer 40 comprises herbaceous plants. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the drawdown zone layer 40 is located at the top of the second slope section, and the drawdown zone layer 40 has the same slope as the second slope section, and the drawdown zone layer 40 is isolated from the ecological mixed layer 32 at the top of the second slope section by the slope surface grid 31.

[0051] The drawdown zone layer 40 plants xerophytic herbaceous plants, such as couch grass, purple alfalfa, gray-green wormwood, red clover, lythrum salicaria, ophiopogon, chives, sow thistle, wild morning glory or cattail. The couch grass has the characteristics of drought resistance and rapid growth, which can enhance soil structure and prevent water and soil loss. The purple alfalfa has the characteristics of strong drought resistance and deep root system, which can improve soil fertility and soil structure. The gray-green wormwood has the characteristics of strong adaptability and drought resistance, which can improve soil quality and provide shade. The red clover has the characteristics of rapid growth and good drought resistance, which can increase soil nitrogen content and help the growth of other plants. The lythrum salicaria has the characteristics of wide adaptability and drought resistance, which can fix soil and enhance biodiversity. The ophiopogon has the characteristics of drought resistance and developed root system, which can prevent soil erosion and beautify the environment. The chives have the characteristics of drought resistance and strong adaptability, which can attract insects and provide some shade. The sow thistle has the characteristics of strong adaptability and rapid growth, which can improve soil structure and help soil moisture retention. The wild morning glory has the characteristics of drought resistance, rapid growth and climbing, which can provide shade and increase biodiversity. Although the cattail is mostly a hygrophyte, some species can grow in relatively dry environments, which can provide ecological habitats and help stabilize the soil. It can be understood that the herbaceous plants listed in this embodiment are only some examples, and other herbaceous plants can also be selected in other embodiments.

[0052] In some embodiments of the utility model, the bank protection water content adjusting device includes sensor module, water source management module 62 and control unit 63, control unit 63 is connected with sensor module, water source management module 62. Sensor module is used to monitor soil moisture, temperature and humidity of environment, and control unit 63 is used to receive sensor data and execute control decision. Further, the bank protection water content adjusting device further includes data communication module 64 and power management module 65, control unit 63 is connected with sensor module, water source management module 62 through data communication module 64, and power management module 65 is used to power sensor module, water source management module 62, control unit 63 and data communication module 64. In the embodiment, data communication module 64 is used to realize the transmission of data and remote monitoring, and power management module 65 is used to provide stable power supply.

[0053] As shown in Figure 5 The sensor module includes soil moisture sensor 611 and temperature and humidity sensor 612, the soil moisture sensor 611 is used to monitor the moisture of the first slope section and / or second slope section, the temperature and humidity sensor 612 is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the environment around the bank protection, and the soil moisture sensor 611 and temperature and humidity sensor 612 are connected with the control unit 63. In the embodiment, the soil moisture sensor 611 can select a high-precision soil moisture sensor 611, such as a soil resistance sensor, to measure the water content in the soil periodically; the temperature and humidity sensor 612 is used to monitor the environmental temperature and humidity to help determine the water requirement of plants. For example, the soil moisture sensor 611 can be installed at multiple key positions in the slope protection area, such as the positions on the first slope section and the second slope section where soil moisture needs to be collected, to ensure that the soil moisture conditions of the entire bank protection can be accurately reflected. According to the soil type and water requirement of different areas, the soil moisture sensor can be installed at different depths (such as the surface layer, 20 cm, 50 cm deep), so that the water content data of different depths of soil layers can be obtained; the soil moisture sensor 611 transmits data to the control unit 63 through a wireless communication module. The temperature and humidity sensor 612 can be installed at the top of the slope protection or other well-ventilated places to monitor the temperature and humidity of the environment; the temperature and humidity sensor 612 works in cooperation with the feedback of the soil moisture sensor 611 to help determine the water requirement of plants; the data of the temperature and humidity sensor 612 is also transmitted to the control unit 63 through the data communication module 64.

[0054] The control unit 63 can include a microcontroller (such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi) for receiving sensor data and making control decisions. The control unit 63 can be located at the center of the revetment, connected to the sensor module, irrigation equipment and data communication module 64. In addition, the control unit 63 can also transmit system status and data to the remote monitoring system through the wireless communication module for real-time viewing by the operator.

[0055] In an embodiment, the water source management module 62 includes a rainwater collection component located at the upstream area of the revetment and an irrigation equipment arranged at the first slope section and / or the second slope section, and the irrigation equipment is connected to the control unit 63 and the rainwater collection component. The rainwater collection component can be arranged at the upstream area of the revetment, and the rainwater collection component can be connected to a water storage tank, i.e. the rainwater collected by the rainwater collection component is filtered and then enters the water storage tank. This embodiment collects rainwater for irrigation use during rainfall through the rainwater collection component, reducing the dependence on external water sources. The irrigation equipment can be a drip irrigation or sprinkler system, and the irrigation equipment can be arranged in the revetment area to directly deliver water to the soil; the irrigation pipeline should be laid according to the actual area of the revetment and the soil water demand, to ensure that each position can automatically adjust the irrigation amount according to the sensor feedback, avoiding over-irrigation or water shortage.

[0056] In the above embodiment, the installation positions of the sensor module, the water source management module 62 and the control unit 63 can be set based on actual needs, such as determining the sensor installation position based on the river hydrological regime (such as water level change during dry season and wet season) and determining the position of each component based on the irrigation area demand; but it should be understood that in order to ensure the effectiveness of the detected data, it is also necessary to ensure that the soil moisture sensor 611 and the temperature and humidity sensor 612 can cover the key areas of the revetment.

[0057] In addition, the data communication module 64 can be a LoRa module or a GPRS module, which can be installed beside the control unit 63 to ensure reliable data transmission. The data communication module 64, the sensor module, the water source management module 62, and the control unit 63 can exchange data through short-range wireless connection (such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth). Moreover, the data communication module 64 can also realize remote monitoring of mobile phones or computers, and for long-distance monitoring, the LoRa module can provide low-power, high-coverage wireless data transmission capability. The power management module 65 includes a solar panel, which provides renewable energy for the system to ensure continuous operation. The solar panel can be installed in a place with sufficient sunlight to provide power for the entire system. In addition, the power management module 65 can also include a battery energy storage device, i.e., the solar panel is connected to the battery energy storage device to ensure that the system can still work normally in the absence of sunlight (such as at night). The battery energy storage device in this embodiment can provide stable power for the sensor module, the control unit 63, the data communication module 64, and the water source management module 62.

[0058] In the above embodiment, the sensor module monitors the soil moisture and environmental conditions in real time, and sends the data to the control unit 63 (such as Arduino or Raspberry Pi) through the data communication module 64. The control unit 63 compares the received data sent by the sensor module with the preset reference value, and determines whether to start the irrigation equipment based on the comparison result; if the soil moisture is lower than the set threshold, the control unit 63 will automatically start the irrigation equipment, i.e., start the drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation equipment to inject water in the soil from the water storage tank. In addition, the revetment water regulating device can also transmit data to the remote monitoring platform through the data communication module 64, and the administrator can view real-time data such as soil moisture, temperature and humidity through the Internet anywhere to perform remote monitoring and adjustment; the administrator can also set up a system alarm mechanism to receive an alarm in a timely manner when the water is insufficient or the system fails, and respond accordingly.

[0059] As can be seen from the above embodiment, the vegetation ecological revetment structure of the present application includes a first stone base, a first slope section, a second slope section, a second stone base, and a revetment water regulating device. The first slope section includes ecological self-locking blocks and emergent plants, and the second slope section includes a plurality of slope surface grids and a plurality of ecological mixed layers. The revetment water regulating device is arranged in the first slope section and / or the second slope section. The vegetation ecological revetment structure is designed according to the characteristics of seasonal river level fluctuation in the north, and by constructing a multi-level ecological habitat for the slope protection, the vegetation concrete self-locking block and the vegetation concrete are combined to achieve the purpose of protecting and improving the ecological environment of the river bank. The vegetation ecological revetment structure can adapt to the hydrological characteristics of the seasonal river in the north, thereby promoting the self-recovery and sustainable development of the river ecosystem.

[0060] Features described and / or illustrated with respect to one implementation can be used in the same manner or in an analogous manner in one or more other implementations and / or in combination with or in place of features of other implementations.

[0061] The above merely illustrates the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and changes to the present application. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A plant-based ecological bank protection structure, characterized in that, The ecological revetment structure includes: The first stone foundation is located on one side of the riverbed; The first slope section includes multiple ecological self-locking blocks and emergent plants. The first slope section extends upward and outward from the first stone base, and the emergent plants are located in the hollow grooves of the ecological self-locking blocks. The second slope section extends upward and outward from the top edge of the first slope section. The second slope section includes multiple slope grids and multiple ecological mixing layers. The multiple slope grids are arranged in parallel and spaced apart. Each ecological mixing layer is located between two adjacent slope grids. The second stone base is located on one side of the top edge of the second slope section; A bank protection water regulation device is installed on the first slope section and / or the second slope section.

2. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological hybrid layer includes vegetated concrete, a nutrient base layer, and a grass cover layer, which are arranged sequentially from bottom to top.

3. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bank protection moisture regulation device includes a sensor module, a water source management module, and a control unit, and the control unit is connected to both the sensor module and the water source management module.

4. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The bank protection water regulation device also includes a data communication module and a power management module. The control unit is connected to the sensor module and the water source management module through the data communication module. The power management module is used to supply power to the sensor module, the water source management module, the control unit, and the data communication module.

5. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sensor module includes a soil moisture sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor. The soil moisture sensor is used to monitor the moisture content of the first slope section and / or the second slope section, and the temperature and humidity sensor is used to monitor the temperature and humidity of the surrounding environment of the revetment. Both the soil moisture sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are connected to the control unit.

6. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The water source management module includes a rainwater collection component and an irrigation device. The rainwater collection component is located in the upstream area of ​​the revetment, and the irrigation device is deployed on the first slope section and / or the second slope section. The irrigation device is connected to both the control unit and the rainwater collection component.

7. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The power management module includes a solar panel; and / or, The data communication module is either a LoRa module or a GPRS module.

8. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ecological revetment structure also includes a drawdown zone layer, which is located between the second stone base and the top edge of the second slope section, and the drawdown zone layer includes herbaceous plants.

9. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, The emergent plants are Vallisneria natans, aquatic plants, Myriophyllum spicatum, reeds, cattails, water onions, sedges, gromwell, forsythia, canna lilies, or yellow iris. The herbaceous plants mentioned are foxtail grass, alfalfa, Artemisia argyi, red clover, loosestrife, liriope muscari, scallion, sow thistle, wild morning glory, or cattail.

10. The vegetation-based ecological bank protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The ecological mixed layer also includes a gravel cushion layer, on which the vegetated concrete covers.

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