White tea automatic material turning and spreading and airing machine

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic white tea turning and spreading airing machine which comprises a base, a movable assembly installed on the lower surface of the base and a fixed assembly installed on the lower surface of the base. The moving assembly comprises a supporting block installed on the edge of the lower surface of the base and universal moving wheels installed on the lower surface of the supporting block. The fixing assembly comprises a supporting frame installed on the edge of the lower surface of the base, an electric control telescopic rod installed on the supporting frame and a supporting fixing plate installed at the telescopic end of the electric control telescopic rod. The telescopic end of the electric control telescopic rod faces downwards, the base can be moved to a first preset position through the universal moving wheels on the lower surface of the supporting block, and the base is fixed to the first preset position through the supporting fixing plate driven by the electric control telescopic rod. Manual intervention is greatly reduced, and the spreading and airing assembly adopts a modular mounting frame connected through bolts, so that quick disassembly and assembly are supported.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of white tea drying, specifically an automatic white tea turning and drying machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the current method, the spreading time of white tea needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the specific process and environmental conditions. It should be spread in a thin single layer on a bamboo sieve to ensure even ventilation and avoid the fresh white tea leaves from piling up together for a long time. Using a bamboo sieve or water sieve to spread the tea leaves thinly can prevent the tea leaves from overlapping, which can cause uneven heating or blackening and affect the quality.

[0003] If the withering process is not properly controlled, it may cause the fresh white tea leaves to lose moisture evenly during the withering process, leading to fermentation and resulting in red stems and red edges.

[0004] Traditional white tea drying requires bamboo trays and manual turning every so often. A single worker can only manage a limited area, and the labor intensity is high. The uniformity of turning is also affected by the worker's experience. Existing machinery uses reciprocating scrapers for turning, which has blind spots. Furthermore, it uses a single top fan for direct airflow, leaving the bottom layer far from the air vent, resulting in low ventilation. Therefore, it is essential to design an automatic white tea turning and drying machine to solve these problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides an automatic white tea turning and spreading machine, which solves the problems of traditional white tea spreading, which requires the use of bamboo trays for spreading and manual turning at regular intervals. The spreading area that a single worker can manage is limited, and the labor intensity is high. The uniformity of turning is affected by the worker's experience and is relatively low. Existing mechanical equipment uses reciprocating scrapers for turning, which has certain blind spots. In addition, it uses a single fan at the top to blow directly, and the bottom layer is far from the air outlet, resulting in low ventilation rate at the bottom.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an automatic white tea turning and spreading machine, comprising:

[0007] A base, a movable component mounted on the lower surface of the base, and a fixed component mounted on the lower surface of the base;

[0008] The movable component includes a support block installed at the edge of the lower surface of the base and omnidirectional casters installed on the lower surface of the support block;

[0009] The fixing assembly includes a support frame installed at the edge of the lower surface of the base, an electrically controlled telescopic rod installed on the support frame, and a support fixing plate installed on the telescopic end of the electrically controlled telescopic rod;

[0010] The telescopic end of the electrically controlled telescopic rod points downwards, and the base can be moved to a first preset position by the universal casters on the lower surface of the support block. The support fixing plate is then driven by the electrically controlled telescopic rod to fix the base at the first preset position.

[0011] Also includes:

[0012] Support components mounted on the upper surface of the base, drying components mounted on the support components, turning components mounted on the drying components, and ventilation components mounted on the support components;

[0013] The supporting component supports the spreading and ventilation components, and the spreading component carries the white tea for spreading and drying. The ventilation component on the supporting component evenly delivers fresh air to the spreading component. The turning component is used to lift and scatter the white tea on the spreading component, thereby achieving turning and ventilation.

[0014] Preferably, the support assembly includes a support base mounted on the upper surface of the base, a support fixing frame mounted on the upper surface of the support base, and a crossbeam mounted on the support fixing frame.

[0015] Preferably, the drying assembly includes a plurality of mounting portions and a plurality of drying portions mounted on the plurality of mounting portions;

[0016] The aforementioned drying sections are mounted on the support frame via the aforementioned mounting sections.

[0017] Preferably, the mounting part includes a fixing block mounted on the support frame and a connecting block mounted on the fixing block;

[0018] The fixing block is installed on the support frame by bolts.

[0019] Preferably, the drying section includes a mounting frame mounted on the connecting block, a limiting housing mounted on the mounting frame, and a drying tray mounted on the mounting frame;

[0020] The mounting bracket is bolted to the connecting block, and each of the limiting housings is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared moisture detector.

[0021] Preferably, the material turning assembly includes a plurality of the material turning sections;

[0022] Each of the aforementioned turning sections is installed on a corresponding spreading tray.

[0023] Preferably, the turning section includes an annular mounting plate mounted on the spreading tray, a fixed frame mounted on the annular mounting plate, a rotary motor mounted on the fixed frame, a rotating block mounted on the rotating end of the rotary motor, a turning plate mounted on the rotating block, and a flattening rod mounted on the rotating block.

[0024] The fixed frame is located below the annular mounting plate, the rotating end of the rotary motor passes through the annular mounting plate, the rotating block is located above the annular mounting plate, the material turning plate matches the spreading tray and the limiting housing, and the flattening rod matches the spreading tray and the limiting housing.

[0025] The material turning plate has a triangular cross-section. One end of the material turning plate is in close contact with the spreading tray, and the other end of the material turning plate is away from the spreading tray. A flexible contact layer is provided on the surface of the material turning plate.

[0026] The leveling rod includes a support rod mounted on the rotating block and several levers mounted on the lower surface of the support rod.

[0027] Several of the aforementioned levers are arranged at equal intervals on the lower surface of the supporting round rod.

[0028] Preferably, the ventilation assembly includes: a pair of axial flow fans mounted on the side surface of the support frame, a main air duct mounted on each of the axial flow fans, a branch air duct mounted on each of the main air ducts, a plurality of annular air ducts mounted on the plurality of branch air ducts, and a plurality of air outlet housings mounted on each of the annular air ducts.

[0029] The air entering from the axial flow fan passes through the main air duct, the branch air duct, the annular air duct, and the air outlet shell in sequence and is discharged to ventilate the white tea. Each of the annular air ducts is located below the corresponding spreading tray.

[0030] Preferably, the base is equipped with a controller and a mains power interface.

[0031] Beneficial effects

[0032] This utility model provides an automatic white tea turning and spreading machine. It has the following advantages: This automatic white tea turning and spreading machine can better spread and cool white tea, which is very convenient and reduces unnecessary trouble. It uses the uniform rotation of the turning plate, and through dynamic tangential force, throws the tea leaves up along the radius of the spreading tray. Combined with the axial rotation of the spreading rod, it realizes the turning and flattening of the tea leaves. It can automatically complete the turning action during the spreading process, completely eliminating the blind spots of traditional scraper-type equipment. By configuring a ring-shaped air duct under each spreading tray, a gradient airflow from bottom to top is formed, improving the ventilation efficiency of the bottom layer of tea leaves and greatly reducing manual intervention. The spreading components adopt a modular mounting frame with bolt connections, supporting quick assembly and disassembly. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a front view structural diagram of an automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a front view of the automatic white tea turning and drying machine described in this utility model.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a top view of the automatic white tea turning and spreading machine described in this utility model.

[0037] Figure 5 This is a partial schematic diagram of an automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to the present invention.

[0038] In the picture:

[0039] 1. Base; 2. Moving component; 3. Fixing component; 4. Support component; 5. Spreading and drying component; 6. Turning component; 7. Ventilation component; 8. Controller; 9. Mains power interface;

[0040] Support block 21, omnidirectional casters 22;

[0041] Support frame 31, electrically controlled telescopic rod 32, support fixing plate 33;

[0042] Support base 41, support fixing frame 42, crossbeam 43;

[0043] Fixed block 51, connecting block 52, mounting bracket 53, limiting housing 54, drying tray 55;

[0044] 61. Annular mounting plate, 62. Fixing frame, 63. Rotary motor, 64. Rotating block, 65. Material turning plate, 66. Flattening rod, 67. Flexible contact layer;

[0045] 71. Axial flow fan, 72. Main air duct, 73. Branch air duct, 74. Annular air duct, 75. Air outlet casing. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0047] Please see Figure 1-5This utility model provides a technical solution: an automatic white tea turning and spreading machine, comprising: a base 1, a moving component 2 installed on the lower surface of the base 1, and a fixing component 3 installed on the lower surface of the base 1. The moving component 2 includes a support block 21 installed at the edge of the lower surface of the base 1 and universal casters 22 installed on the lower surface of the support block 21. The fixing component 3 includes a support frame 31 installed at the edge of the lower surface of the base 1, an electrically controlled telescopic rod 32 installed on the support frame 31, and a support fixing plate 33 installed on the telescopic end of the electrically controlled telescopic rod 32. The telescopic end of the electrically controlled telescopic rod 32 faces downward, and the base 1 can be moved to a first position by the universal casters 22 on the lower surface of the support block 21. The base 1 is fixed at a preset position by a support fixing plate 33 driven by an electrically controlled telescopic rod 32. The base 1 also includes a support component 4 installed on the upper surface of the base 1, a spreading and drying component 5 installed on the support component 4, a turning component 6 installed on the spreading and drying component 5, and a ventilation component 7 installed on the support component 4. The support component 4 supports the spreading and drying component 5 and the ventilation component 7. The spreading and drying component 5 carries the white tea for spreading and drying. The ventilation component 7 on the support component 4 evenly delivers fresh air to the spreading and drying component 5. The turning component 6 is used to lift and scatter the white tea on the spreading and drying component 5, thereby achieving turning and ventilation.

[0048] The omnidirectional casters 22 under the base 1 are Φ80mm polyurethane omnidirectional casters with brake pads. The axis of the omnidirectional casters 22 is 15cm away from the edge of the base to ensure the stability of the equipment's center of gravity. The position is adjusted by the omnidirectional casters 22 when moving. The electrically controlled telescopic rod 32 is an electric push rod with a stroke of 20cm. The support plate 33 of the electrically controlled telescopic rod 32 serves as the grounding plate. The electrically controlled telescopic rod 32 extends within 3 seconds, causing the support plate 33 to press firmly against the ground. The reaction force lifts the omnidirectional casters 22 2cm off the ground to achieve rigid fixation.

[0049] The support assembly 4 includes a support base 41 mounted on the upper surface of the base 1, a support fixing frame 42 mounted on the upper surface of the support base 41, and a crossbeam 43 mounted on the support fixing frame 42.

[0050] The support frame 42 is a 2m high rectangular steel frame vertically welded to the upper surface of the support base 41, with pre-set M10 bolt holes.

[0051] The drying assembly 5 includes several mounting parts and several drying parts mounted on the mounting parts. The drying parts are mounted on the support frame 31 through the mounting parts.

[0052] The mounting section includes a fixing block 51 mounted on the support frame 31 and a connecting block 52 mounted on the fixing block 51. The fixing block 51 is mounted on the support frame 31 by bolts.

[0053] The drying assembly 5 includes 4 independent drying units. Each unit can be quickly assembled and disassembled through a fixing block 51 and a connecting block 52 connected by bolts.

[0054] The drying section includes a mounting frame 53 mounted on the connecting block 52, a limiting housing 54 mounted on the mounting frame 53, and a drying tray 55 mounted on the mounting frame 53. The mounting frame 53 is mounted on the connecting block 52 by bolts. Each limiting housing 54 is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared moisture detector.

[0055] The limiting housing 54 is a ring-shaped PP plastic part with an embedded temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared moisture detector to monitor the moisture content of the tea in real time. The spreading tray 55 is a circular spreading tray with a diameter of 1.2m, made of food-grade stainless steel perforated plate with a hole diameter of 3mm and a porosity of 35%.

[0056] The material turning assembly 6 includes several material turning parts, each of which is installed on a corresponding spreading tray 55.

[0057] Each drying tray is equipped with an independent material turning component (6 units).

[0058] The material turning unit includes an annular mounting plate 61 mounted on a spreading tray 55, a fixing frame 62 mounted on the annular mounting plate 61, a rotary motor 63 mounted on the fixing frame 62, a rotating block 64 mounted on the rotating end of the rotary motor 63, a material turning paddle 65 mounted on the rotating block 64, and a flattening rod 66 mounted on the rotating block 64. The fixing frame 62 is located below the annular mounting plate 61, the rotating end of the rotary motor 63 passes through the annular mounting plate 61, and the rotating block 64 is located above the annular mounting plate 61. The plate 65 is matched with the spreading tray 55 and the limiting housing 54. The flattening rod 66 is matched with the spreading tray 55 and the limiting housing 54. The material turning plate 65 has a triangular cross-section. One end of the material turning plate 65 is in close contact with the spreading tray 55, and the other end of the material turning plate 65 is away from the spreading tray 55. The surface of the material turning plate 65 is provided with a flexible contact layer 67. The flattening rod 66 includes a supporting round rod installed on the rotating block 64 and several levers installed on the lower surface of the supporting round rod. The levers are arranged at equal intervals on the lower surface of the supporting round rod.

[0059] The rotary motor 63 is a 24V DC geared motor, which is mounted upside down on the annular mounting plate 61 via the fixing bracket 62. The material turning plate 65 is made of polyurethane material, with a triangular cross-section, a base width of 50mm, and a height of 80mm. The flattening rod 66 consists of a 304 stainless steel round rod with a diameter of 8mm and silicone levers spaced 20mm apart, with a lever length of 30mm. The material turning plate 65 throws the tea leaves radially up to a certain height, while the flattening rod 66 follows closely behind the material turning plate 65. After the tea leaves are thrown up and fall, they are evenly flattened, completing 360° material turning without dead angles.

[0060] As the optimal choice, the turning plate and the spreading tray form a 15° inclination angle. When the rotary motor drives the plate at a speed of 5 r / min, it will generate a linear velocity of about 0.25 m / s. The action interval between the throwing stage and the spreading stage is about 0.8 seconds (calculated based on a speed of 5 r / min), forming a time difference separation action. The friction coefficient of the flexible contact layer (polyurethane material) is controlled between 0.3 and 0.5.

[0061] The ventilation assembly 7 includes: a pair of axial flow fans 71 mounted on the side surface of the support frame 31, a main air duct 72 mounted on each axial flow fan 71, a branch air duct 73 mounted on each main air duct 72, a plurality of annular air ducts 74 mounted on the branch air ducts 73, and a plurality of air outlet housings 75 mounted on each annular air duct 74. The air entering from the axial flow fans 71 passes through the main air duct 72, the branch air duct 73, the annular air duct 74 and the air outlet housing 75 in sequence and is discharged to ventilate the white tea. Each annular air duct 74 is located below the corresponding spreading tray 55.

[0062] The axial flow fan 71 is a low-noise EC fan. The main air duct 72 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 200mm, which is connected to the branch air duct 73 through a flange. The annular air duct 74 is a silicone flexible tube with a diameter of 150mm, which is arranged around the bottom of each drying tray 55. After the fresh air is pressurized by the axial flow fan 71, it is distributed to each branch air duct 73 through the main air duct 72, and finally blown vertically upward by the air outlet shell 75 on the annular air duct 74, forming a gradient airflow field from bottom to top.

[0063] As the optimal choice, the 0.5m / s vertical airflow generated by the bottom annular air duct creates an air lifting effect during the falling of the tea leaves, extending the air time by about 0.5 seconds. Through the coupling effect of mechanical kinematics and aerodynamics, the problem of accumulation around moving parts in traditional material turning equipment is effectively avoided.

[0064] The base 1 is equipped with a controller 8 and a mains power interface 9.

[0065] The controller 8 integrates a PLC and a touch screen, enabling automatic adjustment of the material turning frequency based on data from an infrared moisture detector. It also controls the ventilation intensity through feedback from temperature and humidity sensors. The Siemens SIMATIC S7-1200 series can be selected, specifically model 6ES7215-1HG40-0XB0 (CPU 1215C). It integrates 2 analog inputs (for acquiring signals from temperature and humidity sensors and infrared moisture detectors), supports 4 high-speed pulse outputs (for controlling the rotational motor speed), and supports 32-point I / O expansion (to meet the control requirements of electrically controlled telescopic rods and axial flow fans).

[0066] First, the device is moved to the preset position using the universal casters 22 on the support block 21. Then, the power supply is connected via the mains interface 9 on the base 1, and the controller 8 on the base 1 is turned on. After that, the spreading tray 55 is installed on the connecting block 52, and the freshly picked white tea leaves are evenly spread on the spreading tray. The controller 8 on the base 1 automatically executes the "strong wind first, then weak wind" strategy. For the first 12 hours, the fan runs at full speed (humidity drops from 75% to 45%). For the middle 36 hours, the wind speed drops to 70% (humidity 45% → 15%). For the last 4 hours, the wind speed is 30% (to balance the moisture content). At the same time, the turning program is started. In the initial stage, the tea leaves are turned once per hour. In the middle stage, the tea leaves are turned once every 45 minutes. In the last stage, the tea leaves are turned once every 90 minutes. During the spreading stage, the motor drives the picker to scoop up and drop the tea leaves, completing the turning. During the flattening stage, the fallen tea leaves are combed by the nylon picker teeth to form a uniform thin layer.

[0067] The applicant conducted experiments using this device. Under standard spreading thickness (5cm), the stacking coefficient (maximum stacking height per unit area / average height) after turning the tea leaves was only 1.15. After three turning cycles, the tea leaf distribution uniformity reached 93.7%. When dyed and labeled tea leaves were added, after 10 turning cycles, the distribution dispersion coefficient was ≤3.2%, the red coloration rate of the finished tea was 0.38%, and the free amino acid content was 3.8%.

[0068] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0069] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An automatic white tea turning and spreading machine, comprising: A base (1), a movable component (2) mounted on the lower surface of the base (1), and a fixed component (3) mounted on the lower surface of the base (1); The moving component (2) includes a support block (21) installed at the edge of the lower surface of the base (1) and omnidirectional casters (22) installed on the lower surface of the support block (21); The fixing component (3) includes a support frame (31) installed at the edge of the lower surface of the base (1), an electrically controlled telescopic rod (32) installed on the support frame (31), and a support fixing plate (33) installed on the telescopic end of the electrically controlled telescopic rod (32); The telescopic end of the electrically controlled telescopic rod (32) is downward. The base (1) can be moved to the first preset position by the universal moving wheel (22) on the lower surface of the support block (21). The support fixing plate (33) is driven by the electrically controlled telescopic rod (32) to fix the base (1) at the first preset position. Its characteristic is that it further includes: Support assembly (4) installed on the upper surface of base (1), spreading assembly (5) installed on support assembly (4), turning assembly (6) installed on spreading assembly (5) and ventilation assembly (7) installed on support assembly (4); The support component (4) supports the spreading component (5) and the ventilation component (7), and the white tea is spread and cooled by the spreading component (5). Fresh air is evenly delivered to the spreading component (5) by the ventilation component (7) on the support component (4). The turning component (6) is used to lift and scatter the white tea on the spreading component (5), thereby achieving turning and ventilation.

2. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support assembly (4) includes a support base (41) mounted on the upper surface of the base (1), a support fixing frame (42) mounted on the upper surface of the support base (41), and a crossbeam (43) mounted on the support fixing frame (42).

3. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drying assembly (5) includes several mounting parts and several drying parts mounted on the mounting parts; Several of the aforementioned drying sections are mounted on the support frame (31) via several of the aforementioned mounting sections.

4. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mounting part includes a fixing block (51) mounted on the support frame (31) and a connecting block (52) mounted on the fixing block (51); The fixing block (51) is installed on the support frame (31) by bolts.

5. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drying section includes a mounting frame (53) mounted on the connecting block (52), a limiting housing (54) mounted on the mounting frame (53), and a drying tray (55) mounted on the mounting frame (53); The mounting bracket (53) is bolted to the connecting block (52), and each of the limiting housings (54) is equipped with a temperature and humidity sensor and an infrared moisture detector.

6. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 5, characterized in that, The material turning assembly (6) includes several material turning sections; Each of the aforementioned turning parts is installed on a corresponding spreading tray (55).

7. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The turning section includes an annular mounting plate (61) mounted on the spreading tray (55), a fixed frame (62) mounted on the annular mounting plate (61), a rotary motor (63) mounted on the fixed frame (62), a rotating block (64) mounted on the rotating end of the rotary motor (63), a turning plate (65) mounted on the rotating block (64), and a flattening rod (66) mounted on the rotating block (64). The fixed frame (62) is located below the annular mounting plate (61), the rotating end of the rotary motor (63) passes through the annular mounting plate (61), the rotating block (64) is located above the annular mounting plate (61), the material turning plate (65) matches the spreading tray (55) and the limiting housing (54), and the flattening rod (66) matches the spreading tray (55) and the limiting housing (54). The material turning plate (65) has a triangular cross-section. One end of the material turning plate (65) is in close contact with the spreading tray (55), and the other end of the material turning plate (65) is away from the spreading tray (55). A flexible contact layer (67) is provided on the surface of the material turning plate (65). The leveling rod (66) includes a support rod mounted on the rotating block (64) and a number of levers mounted on the lower surface of the support rod; Several of the aforementioned levers are arranged at equal intervals on the lower surface of the supporting round rod.

8. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation assembly (7) includes: a pair of axial flow fans (71) mounted on the side surface of the support frame (31), a main air duct (72) mounted on each of the axial flow fans (71), a branch air duct (73) mounted on each of the main air ducts (72), a plurality of annular air ducts (74) mounted on a plurality of the branch air ducts (73), and a plurality of air outlet housings (75) mounted on each of the annular air ducts (74); The air entering from the axial fan (71) is discharged sequentially through the main air duct (72), the branch air duct (73), the annular air duct (74) and the air outlet shell (75), thereby ventilating the white tea. Each of the annular air ducts (74) is located below the corresponding spreading tray (55).

9. The automatic white tea turning and spreading machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) is equipped with a controller (8) and a mains power interface (9).

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