Biomass raw material high-pressure hot grinding cellulose separation device

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of straw cellulose separation, and provides a biomass raw material high-pressure hot grinding cellulose separation device which comprises a pressure feeder, a horizontal type steaming pipe, a vertical type steaming cylinder, a hot grinding spiral feeder and a defibrator. A discharging port of the horizontal steaming pipe is connected with a feeding port of the vertical steaming cylinder, a discharging port of the vertical steaming cylinder is connected with a feeding port of the hot grinding spiral feeder, and a discharging port of the hot grinding spiral feeder is connected with a feeding port of the defibrator. Under the conditions of non-uniform supplied materials, different raw materials, overhigh steam pressure and the like, the steam reverse spraying phenomenon cannot occur under the working condition of high-temperature and high-pressure dynamic feeding, the continuous and stable production capacity is ensured, meanwhile, the operation safety of post workers is improved, a stable pressure feeding spiral structure under the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions is adopted, and the production efficiency is improved. And in the process of cutting the high-density material plug by the reverse spiral cutter, the granularity of the raw materials is further crushed, so that the materials are cooked and cured more quickly.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to straw cellulose separation technical field, concretely relates to a kind of biomass raw material high-pressure hot ground cellulose separation device, it is applied to cellulose ethanol production field. BACKGROUND

[0002] Cellulose ethanol is fuel ethanol produced using straw, crop hulls, stems, leaves, forestry waste and urban organic waste as raw materials, and ethanol is added to gasoline in a certain proportion to form vehicle ethanol gasoline, which can significantly reduce carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions in automobile exhaust during use, is one of the effective ways to improve the atmospheric environment at present, and can achieve self-balance of CO2, without increasing greenhouse gas emissions, realizing the harmonious development of man and nature, and improving the quality of living environment. In the current cellulose ethanol industrialization exploration, two different technical routes of acid hydrolysis and enzyme hydrolysis are often used to achieve the degradation of lignocellulose. Acid hydrolysis needs to be carried out at a relatively high temperature to completely hydrolyze hemicellulose and cellulose. One of the main obstacles to the practical application of lignocellulose enzyme bioconversion technology is the low production efficiency and high cost of cellulase. The specific activity of the cellulase used at present is low, the enzyme amount per unit of raw material is large, and the enzyme hydrolysis efficiency is low, so the enzyme production and enzyme hydrolysis technology need to be improved.

[0003] Hot grinding method is currently the most important fiber separation method for fiberboard production, which principle is to obtain fibers by mechanical method after weakening the firm bonding of fibers by heating. Separating fibers is a very complex physical and chemical conversion process, that is, the fiber raw material after cooking is forced to enter the grinding chamber between two grinding plates under high temperature, high humidity and high pressure, and is subjected to compression, stretching, shearing, twisting, filamentation, knapping and thermal degradation, etc. repeated external force to separate it.

[0004] According to the patent number: ZL201721904899.5, application date December 29, 2017, the invention name: a straw fiber high pressure hot grinding and disintegrating device, the patent literature of authorized announcement number: CN207954196U, public announcement date: October 12, 2018 is recorded, hot grinding method, need to transport the above-mentioned raw material after crushing to a cooking container with screw feeder to warm up and pressurize cooking, make material soften, complete cooking, curing, extraction, extraction and other process requirements under high temperature and high pressure conditions, make hemicellulose connected with cellulose and lignin degrade into glucose, xylose or oligomer. When the fibrous material is transported from the normal pressure state of the outside to the cooking container in the pressurized state inside, a feeder capable of sealing the pressure in the container is needed. The structure characteristics and working principle of the commonly used screw feeder are as follows: the feeder mainly includes a driving motor, a screw shaft pipe and a screw shaft composed of a conveying section, a conical compression section and an outlet plug section. The driving motor is in transmission connection with the screw shaft. Among them, the conveying section receives the raw material and forwards the raw material to the compression section, the screw shaft of the compression section is generally conical, the volume of the spiral cavity surrounded by the adjacent two spiral blades in the section is continuously reduced, so that the material is continuously compressed while being forwarded in the section, and in the plug section, the screw shaft is a light shaft without spiral blade, and the screw shaft pipe is a circular cylinder. The gas medium pressure in the cooking container acts on the material in the plug section to extrude and compact the material, thereby preventing the gas from leaking from the feeder and spewing out of the feeder inlet with the material. The material in the plug section is continuously pushed forward under the push of the rear material, thereby realizing the continuous feeding of the material into the cooking device. However, the formed plug is not dense enough, and the uniformity of the incoming material affects the density of the plug. Because the raw materials are different, the compression density is different, which also affects the density of the plug. The feeding screw does not have a special high-density plug section, and under the working condition of high-temperature high-pressure dynamic feeding, the low density of the plug may cause steam to spew out of the feeding port, affecting the continuity of production and causing unsafe factors for workers. Practical new type content

[0005] In order to solve the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a high-pressure hot grinding cellulose separation device for biomass raw materials, which can realize the continuous and stable production under the condition of high-temperature high-pressure dynamic feeding without steam spewing phenomenon under the conditions of uneven incoming material, different raw materials and excessive steam pressure, ensure the continuity of production, and improve the safety of workers' operation. The stable pressure feeding screw structure under high temperature and high pressure conditions further crushes the particle size of the raw material during the cutting process of the reverse screw knife on the high-density plug, so that the material is cooked faster, the production efficiency is improved, and the acquisition rate of the material fiber is further improved.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model discloses a kind of biomass raw material high-pressure hot grinding cellulose separation devices, including pressure feeder, horizontal steam pipe, vertical steaming cylinder, hot grinding screw feeder and hot grinding machine, the discharge port of the pressure feeder is connected with horizontal steam pipe feed inlet, horizontal steam pipe discharge port is connected with the feed inlet of vertical steaming cylinder, the discharge port of vertical steaming cylinder is connected with the feed inlet of hot grinding screw feeder, the discharge port of hot grinding screw feeder is connected with the feed inlet of hot grinding machine.

[0007] Further, the pressure feeder includes a screw shaft tube, a screw shaft, and a drive motor. The screw shaft is divided into a conveying section, a compression section, a plug section, and a reverse thrust section. The conveying section and the compression section are provided with screw blades. The plug section is not provided with screw blades. The reverse thrust section is provided with reverse compression screw blades. The pitch between the screw blades on the compression section gradually decreases. The reverse compression screw blades on the reverse thrust section are provided with a plurality of cutting knife grooves.

[0008] Further, the cutting knife grooves form an angle with the screw shaft axis. The cutting knife grooves have cutting edges made of hard alloy material. The screw shaft tube is provided with a feed inlet connected with a stirring and discharging device. The conveying section, the compression section, the plug section, and the reverse thrust section are sequentially arranged. The inner wall of the screw shaft tube is provided with anti-slip strips to prevent material rotation. The screw shaft tube is provided with drainage holes corresponding to the positions of the compression section and the plug section. The plurality of cutting knife grooves are uniformly distributed along the spiral direction of the reverse compression screw blades.

[0009] Further, the hot grinding machine includes a static grinding disc. The material is fed into the grinding chamber through the middle inlet of the static grinding disc. The static grinding disc is matched with a dynamic grinding disc. The dynamic grinding disc is connected to a power driving mechanism through a main shaft. The static grinding disc and the dynamic grinding disc each have a material distribution area at the center and a grinding area at the periphery. The orifice around the grinding chamber of the hot grinding machine is connected to a discharging device. A sewage outlet is opened at the bottom of the grinding chamber. The side surface of the grinding chamber of the hot grinding machine is provided with a high-pressure steam inlet.

[0010] The utility model discloses adopt above technical scheme, adopt pressure screw feeder through setting up reverse push section in the front end of feeder screw shaft, the reverse compression screw blade on reverse push section can reversely extrude material, so that material is compressed in the plug section in two -way and forms the dense plug sealing body, along with the rotation of screw shaft, the strong push of subsequent material, high density material will be cut extruded from the cutting tool groove of reverse compression screw blade, enter the steaming container, complete raw material from normal pressure to enter the dynamic feeding process of high -pressure container, cutting cellulose separates after the biomass raw material, steam can quickly permeate into the cell wall of raw material and make it steam cook and ripen separation rapidly, the high temperature steam in steaming container is blocked by the dense plug of plug section, thereby prevent steam from feeding device and spray out, the material in plug section is compressed and advances under the push of subsequent material, thereby realize the continuous feeding of material in steaming device, the plug of this feeding device is dense enough, and through test, can realize the dynamic continuous feeding of feeding device from normal pressure to high -pressure steaming container under the high temperature and high pressure working condition of 1.6MPa saturated steam, make the biomass raw material even ripen under high temperature and high pressure, provide optimal condition for the separation, extraction, enrichment of various elements of ripened raw material for subsequent process.

[0011] In addition, the utility model discloses have hot mill, can send the straw raw material after steaming and softening through the feeding screw into the grinding disc of mill chamber, make its to biomass fiber knoll analysis granularity get hundred times separation by the high -speed mill dissociation centrifugal motion of dynamic and static grinding disc, make its raw material cell wall rubbing displacement, create good prerequisite for the extraction of cellulose, the raw material of mill chamber is milled under the action of centrifugal force and steam pressure, and is discharged to the collection bin through the discharge device, then carries out subsequent cellulose, hemicellulose, xylose element extraction process treatment.

[0012] In addition, the straw fiber directly enters a high-pressure thermal grinder for thermal grinding and disintegration under high temperature and high pressure, and in the process of cellulose and hemicellulose separation in the thermal grinding and disintegration, the undegraded hemicellulose in the stalk and node continues to degrade under high temperature, the straw fiber absorbs water and swells in the disintegration process, because there are amorphous regions and a large number of hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure of the three elements, the water molecules enter the amorphous regions, so that the distance between the cellulose molecular chains increases, the outer surface area of the fiber increases, and the heat absorption and swelling are caused. Due to the heat absorption and swelling, the cohesion of the straw fiber is reduced, the sliding between the separated layers of the secondary wall of the cellulose is caused, the fiber becomes soft and plastic to realize internal fibrillation, the beating degree (GB / T3332-1982) is improved, and the fiber surface is separated into a large number of fine fibers (GB / T22836-2208), so that the external fibrillation is realized. After the heat absorption and swelling, the fiber particle size reaches a fine state, so as to provide a narrow particle size range and a maximum surface area for subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of the raw material, the cellulase can fully contact the cellulose, the yield of enzymatic hydrolysis is improved, the comprehensive yield of cellulose is further improved, and the production efficiency is significantly improved. Compared with the prior art, the steam back spraying is solved, the production capacity is stabilized, the safety operation performance of the post is improved, the pressure is improved, and the beating of the thermal grinder is matched, so that the cellulose yield is higher, the production capacity is larger, the operation is stable, the automatic continuous operation is realized, and the labor productivity is greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a whole structure schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 It is a pressure feeder structure schematic diagram in the utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 It is a spiral shaft structure schematic diagram in the utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a reverse thrust section structure schematic diagram in the utility model;

[0017] Figure 5 It is a thermal grinder structure schematic diagram in the utility model. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The structure and advantages of the utility model will be more apparent by combining the description of the utility model with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] Reference Figures 1-5The biomass raw material high-pressure hot grinding cellulose separation device comprises a pressure feeder 5, a horizontal steam pipe 6, a vertical steam cylinder 7, a hot grinding screw feeder 8 and a hot grinder 9, the discharge port of the pressure feeder 5 is connected with the inlet of the horizontal steam pipe 6, the discharge port of the horizontal steam pipe 6 is connected with the inlet of the vertical steam cylinder 7, the discharge port of the vertical steam cylinder 7 is connected with the inlet of the hot grinding screw feeder 8, and the discharge port of the hot grinding screw feeder 8 is connected with the inlet of the hot grinder 9.

[0020] Further, the pressure feeder 5 comprises a spiral shaft pipe 1, a spiral shaft 2 and a driving motor 3, wherein the spiral shaft 2 is divided into a conveying section 2.1, a compression section 2.2, a plug section 2.3 and a reverse thrust section 2.4, the conveying section 2.1 and the compression section 2.2 are provided with spiral blades 2.5, the plug section 2.3 is not provided with the spiral blades 2.5, the reverse thrust section 2.4 is provided with reverse compression spiral blades 2.6, the pitch between the spiral blades 2.5 on the compression section 2.2 gradually decreases, and the reverse compression spiral blades 2.6 on the reverse thrust section 2.4 are provided with a plurality of cutting blade grooves 2.7; the end of the spiral shaft pipe 1 is the discharge port of the pressure feeder 5, and the discharge port of the pressure feeder 5 is connected with the inlet of the horizontal steam pipe 6.

[0021] Furthermore, the cutting groove 2.7 forms an angle with the axis of the spiral shaft 2. Specifically, during manufacturing, the projection of the parallel line in the opening direction of the cutting groove 2.7 forms an angle with the projection of the axis of the spiral shaft 2, preferably 30° to 60°; the parallel line in the depth direction of the cutting groove 2.7 is perpendicular to the axis of the spiral shaft. This design aims to create a cutting edge 2.8 at the rear of the groove wall of the cutting groove 2.7, enabling the cutting and fragmentation of the high-density material in the material block section 2.3. The cutting groove 2.7 has a cutting edge 2.8, which is made of cemented carbide. The cutting edge 2.8 is located on the groove edge where the cutting groove 2.7 cuts into the material during rotation. The cutting edge 2.8 is made of cemented carbide and then fixed by welding. The spiral shaft tube 1 is provided with a feed inlet, which is connected to the stirring feeder 4. The mixing feeder 4 is connected to the conveying section 2.1. Using the mixing feeder 4 for material feeding results in more uniform material distribution and prevents material bridging. The conveying section 2.1, compression section 2.2, material plug section 2.3, and reverse thrust section 2.4 are arranged sequentially. The conveying section 2.1 conveys the material to the compression section 2.2, where the material undergoes initial compression. The reverse compression spiral blades 2.6 on the reverse thrust section 2.4 can reverse-express the material, resulting in bidirectional compression of the material in the material plug section 2.3, significantly increasing the density compared to traditional feeders. The inner wall of the spiral shaft tube 1 is provided with anti-slip strips to prevent material rotation. The anti-slip strips allow the material to move forward better and prevent slippage. Drainage holes are provided on the spiral shaft tube 1 at positions corresponding to the compression section 2.2 and material plug section 2.3 to facilitate the drainage of moisture generated during material compression. The several cutting grooves 2.7 are evenly distributed along the spiral direction of the reverse compression spiral blades 2.6. The reverse compression spiral blades 2.6 on the reverse thrust section 2.4 are arranged in 2-3 turns. The cutting groove 2.7 is a groove-shaped notch on the reverse compression spiral blade 2.6, and the cutting surface of the notch is provided with a cutting edge 2.8. The cutting edge 2.8 is made of cemented carbide and can better crush high-density materials. The material is crushed as it is squeezed through the cutting groove 2.7. The material enters the cutting groove 2.7 on the adjacent reverse compression spiral blade 2.6 from the rear cutting groove 2.7 and is crushed again. This crushing process continues forward until it enters the front end of the feeder and falls into the cooking container, completing the feeding process. This fully separates the cellulose and allows steam to penetrate the cell walls of the biomass raw material more quickly, resulting in rapid cooking and maturation. Reinforcing ribs are provided on the corresponding spiral shaft tubes 1 of the compression section 2.2 and the feed plug section 2.3. The purpose is to give the spiral shaft tube 1 of this section higher compressive strength.

[0022] In the manufacturing process, the specific structures of the horizontal steaming pipe 6, vertical steaming cylinder 7, hot mill screw feeder 8, and hot mill 9 described in this utility model adopt the technical solution disclosed in the patent document with patent number ZL201721904899.5 mentioned in the background art. After the material is steamed by the horizontal steaming pipe 6 and vertical steaming cylinder 7, it is fed into the hot mill 9 by the hot mill screw feeder 8. The hot mill 9 includes a stationary grinding disc 9.2. The material is fed into the grinding chamber through the central inlet 9.1 of the stationary grinding disc. The stationary grinding disc 9.2 is matched with a moving grinding disc 9.4. The moving grinding disc 9.4 is connected to the power drive mechanism through the main shaft 9.5. The stationary grinding disc 9.2 and the moving grinding disc 9.4 respectively have a material distribution area in the center and a grinding area on the outer periphery. The orifices around the grinding chamber of the hot mill 9 are connected to the discharge device 9.6. A sewage outlet is opened at the bottom of the grinding chamber. A high-pressure steam inlet 9.3 is provided on the side of the grinding chamber of the hot mill 9. In this technical means, the hot mill 9 uses the high-speed grinding and centrifugal motion of the moving and stationary grinding discs to achieve a hundredfold separation of the biomass fiber particle size, and to knead and displace the cell walls of the raw materials, creating favorable conditions for cellulose extraction.

[0023] The pressure screw feeder of this invention features a reverse thrust section 2.4 at the front end of the screw shaft 2. The reverse compression screw blades 2.6 on the reverse thrust section 2.4 can reverse-compress the material, causing it to be compressed bidirectionally in the feed plug section 2.3. This significantly increases the density compared to traditional feeders. As the screw shaft 2 rotates, the high-density material is crushed and extruded from the cutting groove 2.7, completing the feeding process. This thorough cellulose separation allows steam to penetrate the cell walls of the biomass raw materials more quickly, resulting in rapid cooking and maturation. Furthermore, the pressure of the gas medium inside the cooking vessel acts on the dense material in the feed plug section 2.3. The material is fed into the feeder in a manner that prevents gas leakage and material backflow from the feeder inlet. The material within the feed plug section 2.3 is continuously propelled forward by the material in the rear section, thus ensuring a continuous feed into the digester. This feeder, due to its sufficiently dense feed plug, can withstand high saturated steam pressure. Tests have shown that it can achieve high-temperature cooking and maturation under conditions of 1.6 MPa saturated steam and 200°C, far exceeding the existing 0.8 MPa conditions. This allows for thorough softening of the material and the acquisition of higher product quality. Compared to existing technologies, this invention, by stabilizing production capacity, increasing steam pressure, and utilizing a thermal mill, can obtain perfectly beneficiated cellulose pretreatment raw materials from biomass raw materials, resulting in higher cellulose ethanol yield, greater production capacity, stable operation, automated continuous operation, and a significant increase in labor productivity.

[0024] Although the present invention has been described in detail above, it is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many modifications under the guidance of the present invention and without departing from its spirit, such as increasing or decreasing the number of horizontal tubes to change the cooking time, etc., and these modifications are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-pressure thermal grinding cellulose separation device for biomass raw materials, characterized in that: The device includes a pressure feeder, a horizontal steaming tube, a vertical steaming cylinder, a hot mill screw feeder, and a hot mill. The outlet of the pressure feeder is connected to the inlet of the horizontal steaming tube, the outlet of the horizontal steaming tube is connected to the inlet of the vertical steaming cylinder, the outlet of the vertical steaming cylinder is connected to the inlet of the hot mill screw feeder, and the outlet of the hot mill screw feeder is connected to the inlet of the hot mill.

2. The biomass raw material high-pressure thermal milling cellulose separation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure feeder includes a spiral tube, a spiral shaft, and a drive motor. The spiral shaft is divided into a conveying section, a compression section, a material block section, and a reverse thrust section. The conveying section and the compression section are provided with spiral blades. The material block section has no spiral blades. The reverse thrust section is provided with reverse compression spiral blades. The pitch between the spiral blades in the compression section gradually decreases. The reverse compression spiral blades in the reverse thrust section are provided with several cutting grooves.

3. The biomass raw material high-pressure thermal milling cellulose separation device as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The cutting groove forms an angle with the axis of the spiral shaft; the cutting groove has a cutting edge made of cemented carbide; the spiral shaft tube is provided with a feed inlet connected to the mixing feeder; the conveying section, compression section, material plug section and reverse thrust section are arranged in sequence; the inner wall of the spiral shaft tube is provided with anti-slip strips to prevent material rotation; the spiral shaft tube is provided with drainage holes at the positions corresponding to the compression section and material plug section; the plurality of cutting grooves are evenly distributed along the spiral direction of the reverse compression spiral blades.

4. The biomass raw material high-pressure thermal milling cellulose separation device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The hot mill includes a stationary grinding disc. Material is fed into the grinding chamber through the central inlet of the stationary grinding disc. The stationary grinding disc is matched with a moving grinding disc, which is connected to a power drive mechanism via a main shaft. The stationary grinding disc and the moving grinding disc each have a material distribution area in the center and a grinding area on the outer periphery. The orifices around the grinding chamber of the hot mill are connected to a discharge device. A drain outlet is opened at the bottom of the grinding chamber. A high-pressure steam inlet is provided on the side of the grinding chamber of the hot mill.

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