Anti-fracture wear-resistant shield cutter

Abstract

The utility model provides an anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield cutter, and relates to the technical field of shield tunneling machine cutters, the anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield cutter comprises a cutter holder used for being fixedly connected with a cutter head of a shield tunneling machine; the cutter body is connected with the cutter holder, the cutter body can move in the direction close to or away from the cutter holder, and a scraping part is arranged on the cutter body; and the buffer part is arranged between the tool apron and the tool body and used for providing acting force for preventing the tool body from moving towards the direction close to the tool apron. When the scraping part of the cutter body makes contact with a high-hardness rock stratum, the cutter body moves in the direction close to the cutter holder, meanwhile, the buffering piece provides acting force for preventing the cutter body from moving in the direction close to the cutter holder, and therefore the cutter body and the scraping part are buffered, and impact between the cutter body and the high-hardness rock stratum and impact between the scraping part and the high-hardness rock stratum are reduced; and the condition that the cutter body and the scraping part are broken is prevented to a certain extent.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machine (TBM) cutters, and in particular to a fracture-resistant and wear-resistant TBM cutter. Background Technology

[0002] Tunnel boring machines (TBMs) are increasingly widely used in major projects such as urban subways, railways and highways, energy transmission, and underground passages, offering advantages such as fast excavation speed, high construction quality, low labor intensity, economy, and environmental friendliness. The cutterhead is the core component of the TBM, and the cutting tools are the specific actuators for tunneling, equivalent to the teeth of the TBM, and are the main components enabling the TBM's tunneling function. TBM cutting tools can generally be divided into roller cutters, scrapers, shear cutters, leading cutters, and protective cutters. Among them, the scraper is mainly used during the TBM tunneling process to clean and treat debris and loose soil layers around the tunnel walls to ensure the smoothness of the tunnel and the smooth progress of construction.

[0003] For example, invention application CN109026046A discloses a scraper for a tunnel boring machine (TBM). This scraper includes a cutterhead, a cutter holder mounted on the cutterhead, a baffle bolted to the bottom of the cutter holder, and a scraper body fastened to the cutter holder. The cutter holder and cutterhead are connected by welding, and the scraper body and cutter holder are connected by a T-slot structure, thus replacing the traditional bolted connection between the TBM cutterhead and cutter body, which results in insufficient structural strength.

[0004] However, since the blade of the aforementioned tunnel boring machine (TBM) scraper is fixedly mounted on the cutterhead, when the TBM is working in complex strata and hard rock layers, the blade is prone to significant impact with the high-hardness rock, causing the blade to chip or break. This necessitates replacing the damaged blade, resulting in a halt to the TBM's construction progress. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a fracture-resistant and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter to solve the problem in related technologies where the cutter body of the shield tunneling machine scraper is prone to large impacts with high-hardness rock layers, resulting in chipping and breakage of the cutter blade.

[0006] This application provides a fracture-resistant and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter using the following technical solution:

[0007] A fracture-resistant and wear-resistant shield cutting tool, comprising:

[0008] A cutterhead, which is used to be fixedly connected to the cutterhead of a tunnel boring machine;

[0009] The blade body is connected to the blade holder and can move towards or away from the blade holder. The blade body is provided with a scraping part.

[0010] A buffer is provided between the tool holder and the tool body, and the buffer is used to provide a force that prevents the tool body from moving toward the tool holder.

[0011] Optionally, the scraping section includes a high-speed steel cutting head and a diamond carbide composite cutting layer, wherein the high-speed steel cutting head is fixed on the cutting body, and the diamond carbide composite cutting layer is fixed at the cutting edge of the high-speed steel cutting head.

[0012] Optionally, the buffer is a spring, the tool holder is provided with a guide hole, the tool body is provided with a slide rod, the slide rod passes through the guide hole, the slide rod is provided with a limiting member to prevent the slide rod from disengaging from the guide hole, the spring is sleeved on the outside of the slide rod, and the two ends of the spring abut against the tool holder and the tool body respectively.

[0013] Optionally, a vibration damping mechanism is also included, the vibration damping mechanism including a cylinder body fixed on the tool holder, the cylinder body being filled with hydraulic oil, the tool body being provided with a telescopic rod, the telescopic rod being slidably inserted into the cylinder body, the telescopic rod located in the cylinder body being provided with a throttling plate with a diameter adapted to the inner diameter of the cylinder body, and the throttling plate being provided with a throttling orifice.

[0014] Optionally, a sealing ring is also included. The blade holder has a protrusion, the blade body has a retaining portion, the retaining portion is slidably sleeved on the outside of the protrusion, the sealing ring is disposed between the protrusion and the retaining portion, and the spring is located inside the retaining portion.

[0015] Optionally, the outer wall of the enclosure is configured as an inclined surface that slopes toward the side of the knife holder.

[0016] Optionally, the limiting component includes a limiting nut and a locking nut, the slide rod is provided with a stud, the limiting nut and the locking nut are screwed to the stud, the limiting nut abuts against the tool holder, and the locking nut abuts against the limiting nut.

[0017] Optionally, it also includes a cap and a sealing gasket. The tool holder is provided with a relief hole that passes through the guide hole. The limiting nut and the locking nut are located in the relief hole. The limiting nut abuts against the end face of the relief hole. The cap is detachably sealed at the relief hole. The sealing gasket is located at the mating surface between the cap and the tool holder.

[0018] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: When in use, the anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter of this application is fixedly mounted on the cutterhead of the shield machine via a cutter holder. During tunneling, the cutterhead rotates and scrapes the tunnel wall surface using the scraping section on the cutter body. When the scraping section of the cutter body contacts a high-hardness rock layer, the cutter body moves towards the cutter holder. Simultaneously, a buffer provides a force to resist this movement, thereby buffering the cutter body and scraping section, reducing the impact between the cutter body and scraping section and the high-hardness rock layer, and to a certain extent preventing breakage of the cutter body and scraping section. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield cutting tool in the embodiments of this application;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield cutting tool in the embodiments of this application;

[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified view of part A in the diagram.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0023] 10. Tool holder; 11. Bolt connection hole; 12. Guide hole; 13. Protrusion; 14. Clearance hole;

[0024] 20. Tool body; 21. Scraping section; 211. High-speed steel tool tip; 212. Diamond carbide composite cutting layer; 22. Slide rod; 221. Stud; 23. Telescopic rod; 24. Throttling plate; 241. Throttling orifice; 25. Enclosure section; 251. Bevel;

[0025] 30. Spring; 40. Cylinder; 50. Sealing ring; 60. Sealing ring;

[0026] 70. Limit nut; 80. Locking nut; 90. Cover; 100. Sealing gasket. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 This application will be described in further detail below.

[0028] This application discloses a fracture-resistant and wear-resistant shield cutting tool.

[0029] Reference Figures 1 to 3A fracture-resistant and wear-resistant shield cutter includes a cutter holder 10, a cutter body 20, a buffer component, a vibration damping mechanism, a sealing ring 50, a sealing ring 60, a cover 90, and a sealing gasket 100. The cutter holder 10 is used to fix and connect to the cutterhead of the shield machine. The cutter holder 10 is provided with bolt connection holes 11. Through the bolt connection holes 11, bolts and other connecting components can fix and connect the cutter holder 10 to the cutterhead of the shield machine.

[0030] The blade body 20 is connected to the blade holder 10. The blade body 20 can move towards or away from the blade holder 10. In an optional embodiment, the specific connection relationship between the blade body 20 and the blade holder 10 is as follows: the blade holder 10 is provided with a guide hole 12, the blade body 20 is provided with a slide rod 22, the slide rod 22 passes through the guide hole 12, and the slide rod 22 is provided with a limiting member to prevent the slide rod 22 from disengaging from the guide hole 12.

[0031] The limiting components include a limiting nut 70 and a locking nut 80. The tool holder 10 is provided with a relief hole 14 that passes through the guide hole 12. The slide rod 22 is provided with a stud 221. The limiting nut 70 and the locking nut 80 are screwed to the stud 221. The limiting nut 70 and the locking nut 80 are located in the relief hole 14. The limiting nut 70 abuts against the end face of the relief hole 14 of the tool holder 10, and the locking nut 80 abuts against the limiting nut 70.

[0032] The cap 90 is detachably sealed at the relief hole 14, and the sealing gasket 100 is located at the mating surface of the cap 90 and the tool holder 10. The specific connection relationship between the cap 90, the tool holder 10 and the sealing gasket 100 is as follows: the outer peripheral wall of the cap 90 is provided with external threads, and the inner peripheral wall of the relief hole 14 is provided with internal threads. The cap 90 is screwed to the internal threads of the relief hole 14 of the tool holder 10 through the external threads. The relief hole 14 is a stepped hole, and the sealing gasket 100 is located between the end face of the cap 90 and the stepped surface of the relief hole 14.

[0033] The relief hole 14 can be sealed by the cap 90 and the sealing gasket 100 to prevent external debris such as soil and mud from entering the relief hole 14 when the anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield cutter of this application is in operation.

[0034] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 A buffer is provided between the tool holder 10 and the tool body 20. The buffer is used to provide a force that prevents the tool body 20 from moving toward the tool holder 10. In an optional embodiment, the buffer may be a spring 30. More specifically, the spring 30 is sleeved on the outside of the slide rod 22, and the two ends of the spring 30 abut against the tool holder 10 and the tool body 20 respectively.

[0035] The tool holder 10 has a protrusion 13, and the tool body 20 has a retaining portion 25. The retaining portion 25 is slidably sleeved on the outside of the protrusion 13. The outer wall of the retaining portion 25 is configured as an inclined surface 251 that slopes towards the tool holder 10. The spring 30 is located inside the retaining portion 25. A sealing ring 60 is disposed between the protrusion 13 and the retaining portion 25. More specifically, the outer wall of the protrusion 13 has a mounting groove, and the sealing ring 60 is engaged in the mounting groove and contacts the inner wall of the retaining portion 25.

[0036] The spring 30 provides good cushioning, buffering the impact force when the scraping part 21 of the cutter body 20 collides with the high-hardness rock layer, and to a certain extent preventing the cutter body 20 and the scraping part 21 from breaking. By adjusting the position of the limit nut 70 on the stud 221, the compression degree of the spring 30 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the cushioning effect of the spring 30 to adapt to different working conditions.

[0037] By using the enclosure 25 and sealing ring 60 to enclose and seal the spring 30, external debris such as soil and mud can be prevented from entering the enclosure 25 during operation, thus preventing it from affecting the normal compression and extension of the spring 30. The outer wall of the enclosure 25 is set as a slope 251 to prevent gravel from getting stuck between the enclosure 25 and the cutter holder 10, allowing the cutter body 20 to move normally relative to the cutter holder 10.

[0038] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The tool body 20 is provided with a scraping section 21, which includes a high-speed steel cutting tip 211 and a diamond carbide composite cutting layer 212. The high-speed steel cutting tip 211 is fixed to the tool body 20, and the diamond carbide composite cutting layer 212 is fixed to the cutting edge of the high-speed steel cutting tip 211. The high-speed steel cutting tip 211 has the characteristics of high strength and good toughness, which can improve the impact resistance of the scraping section 21 and reduce the occurrence of fracture. The diamond carbide composite cutting layer 212 can improve the wear resistance of the scraping section 21.

[0039] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The vibration damping mechanism includes a cylinder body 40, which is fixed to the tool holder 10 and filled with hydraulic oil. A telescopic rod 23 is mounted on the tool body 20. A through hole is provided in the cylinder body 40, through which the telescopic rod 23 is slidably inserted into the cylinder body 40. An annular groove is provided on the inner wall of the through hole in the cylinder body 40. A sealing ring 50 is fitted into the annular groove and contacts the outer wall of the telescopic rod 23, sealing the junction between the telescopic rod 23 and the through hole to prevent hydraulic oil leakage from the cylinder body 40. A throttling plate 24 with a diameter matching the inner diameter of the cylinder body 40 is provided on the telescopic rod 23 located inside the cylinder body 40, and a throttling orifice 241 is provided on the throttling plate 24.

[0040] The implementation principle of the anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter in this embodiment is as follows: During use, the anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter is fixedly mounted on the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine (TBM) via a cutter holder 10. During tunneling, the cutterhead rotates and scrapes the tunnel wall surface using the scraping section 21 on the cutter body 20. When the scraping section 21 of the cutter body 20 comes into contact with a high-hardness rock layer, it compresses the spring 30, and simultaneously moves the cutter body 20 towards the cutter holder 10. This buffers the cutter body 20 and the scraping section 21, reducing the impact between them and the high-hardness rock layer, and to a certain extent preventing breakage of the cutter body 20 and the scraping section 21.

[0041] When the cutter body 20 moves relative to the cutter holder 10, the throttle plate 24 of the vibration damping mechanism moves inside the cylinder 40. At the same time, the hydraulic oil inside the cylinder 40 passes through the throttle hole 241, which forms a large damping on the vibration of the spring 30 during compression and rebound. To a certain extent, this avoids the large impact load generated when the spring 30 rebounds, thus preventing the cutter body 20 and the scraping part 21 from colliding with the rock layer during the rebound process and causing fracture.

[0042] The embodiments described in this specific implementation are preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Identical components are represented by the same reference numerals. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the structure, shape, and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A fracture-resistant and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter, characterized in that, include: Cutterhead (10), which is used to be fixedly connected to the cutterhead of the tunnel boring machine; The blade (20) is connected to the blade holder (10). The blade (20) can move toward or away from the blade holder (10). The blade (20) is provided with a scraping part (21). A buffer is provided between the tool holder (10) and the tool body (20), and the buffer is used to provide a force that prevents the tool body (20) from moving toward the tool holder (10).

2. The anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The scraping part (21) includes a high-speed steel cutter head (211) and a diamond carbide composite cutting layer (212). The high-speed steel cutter head (211) is fixed on the cutter body (20), and the diamond carbide composite cutting layer (212) is fixed at the cutting edge of the high-speed steel cutter head (211).

3. The anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buffer is a spring (30). The cutter holder (10) is provided with a guide hole (12). The cutter body (20) is provided with a slide rod (22). The slide rod (22) passes through the guide hole (12). The slide rod (22) is provided with a limiting member to restrict the slide rod (22) from disengaging from the guide hole (12). The spring (30) is sleeved on the outside of the slide rod (22). The two ends of the spring (30) abut against the cutter holder (10) and the cutter body (20) respectively.

4. The anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a vibration damping mechanism, which includes a cylinder (40) fixed on the tool holder (10). The cylinder (40) is filled with hydraulic oil. The tool (20) is provided with a telescopic rod (23). The telescopic rod (23) is slidably inserted into the cylinder (40). The telescopic rod (23) located in the cylinder (40) is provided with a throttle plate (24) with a diameter adapted to the inner diameter of the cylinder (40). The throttle plate (24) is provided with a throttle hole (241).

5. A fracture-resistant and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that, It also includes a sealing ring (60), a protrusion (13) on the blade holder (10), a retaining part (25) on the blade body (20), the retaining part (25) being slidably sleeved on the outside of the protrusion (13), the sealing ring (60) being disposed between the protrusion (13) and the retaining part (25), and the spring (30) being located inside the retaining part (25).

6. The anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer wall of the enclosure (25) is configured as an inclined surface (251) that slopes toward the side of the knife holder (10).

7. The anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting component includes a limiting nut (70) and a locking nut (80). A stud (221) is provided on the slide rod (22). The limiting nut (70) and the locking nut (80) are screwed to the stud (221). The limiting nut (70) abuts against the tool holder (10), and the locking nut (80) abuts against the limiting nut (70).

8. The anti-fracture and wear-resistant shield tunneling cutter according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a cap (90) and a sealing gasket (100). The tool holder (10) is provided with a relief hole (14) that penetrates the guide hole (12). The limiting nut (70) and the locking nut (80) are located in the relief hole (14). The limiting nut (70) abuts against the end face of the relief hole (14). The cap (90) is detachably sealed at the relief hole (14). The sealing gasket (100) is located at the mating surface between the cap (90) and the tool holder (10).

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