Fatigue test device for vertical reduction gearbox

Abstract

The utility model discloses a fatigue test device for a vertical reduction gearbox, which comprises a torque detection workpiece for detecting the torque of the vertical reduction gearbox, and the torque detection workpiece comprises a test motor connected with an input shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox; the device further comprises a wheel load detection workpiece for detecting the wheel load of the vertical reduction gearbox, the wheel load detection workpiece comprises a stand column assembly, the stand column assembly comprises a loading part and a sliding support, the test motor is fixedly installed on the sliding support, and the loading part drives the sliding support to drive the test motor to exert pressure on the vertical reduction gearbox together. According to the utility model, the load is added to the driving wheels on the vertical reduction gearbox to simulate the stress condition of the vertical reduction gearbox on the whole vehicle. Therefore, the torque and the wheel load borne by the vertical reduction gearbox on the electric storage vehicle during working can be simulated at the same time, and the performance of the vertical reduction gearbox is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model pertains to testing devices, specifically relating to a fatigue testing device for a vertical gearbox. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the logistics industry, the demand for electric warehouse vehicles (such as forklifts and stackers) is increasing. To adapt to the space constraints of electric warehouse vehicles, their gearboxes are generally compact vertical gearboxes. The input shaft of the vertical gearbox is connected to the motor, and the output shaft is connected to the drive wheel. The gear on the input shaft of the vertical gearbox drives the gear on the output shaft to rotate, thereby realizing the conversion between speed and torque.

[0003] As a core component of electric warehouse vehicles, the reliability of the vertical gearbox directly affects the overall quality of the vehicle. Therefore, it is required that the vertical gearbox undergo reliability testing on a test bench before being installed in the vehicle, specifically fatigue or life verification. Currently, existing fatigue testing equipment primarily applies a reverse torque to the output shaft of the vertical gearbox using a magnetic powder brake to simulate its driving resistance. Then, based on a preset torque cyclic loading, the periodic driving torque and continuous load experienced by the gearbox under actual operating conditions are simulated to verify the fatigue life of its core components such as gears and bearings under long-term alternating stress, ensuring that it meets design reliability requirements.

[0004] However, during operation, a vertical gearbox bears both the driving torque from the drive wheels and the vertical load transmitted to it through the drive wheels, also known as wheel load. Existing fatigue testing devices for vertical gearboxes can only simulate the driving torque of the entire vehicle during operation, without considering the wheel load generated during vehicle operation. Therefore, even if a vertical gearbox passes fatigue testing on a fatigue testing device, it cannot be guaranteed that it will not be damaged during vehicle operation.

[0005] Furthermore, the wide variety of electric warehouse vehicles results in different specifications and sizes of vertical gearboxes. Existing fatigue testing equipment cannot meet the testing requirements for these diverse vertical gearboxes. Utility Model Content

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing testing devices, this invention provides a fatigue testing device for a vertical gearbox. This device can simultaneously simulate the torque and wheel load borne by the vertical gearbox of an electric warehouse vehicle during operation, thus preventing the gearbox from failing the fatigue test but then being damaged during the operation of the vehicle later.

[0007] The specific technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0008] A fatigue testing device for a vertical gearbox includes a torque detection workpiece for detecting the torque of the vertical gearbox, the torque detection workpiece including a test motor connected to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox; and a wheel load detection workpiece for detecting the wheel load of the vertical gearbox, the wheel load detection workpiece including a column assembly, the column assembly including a loading member and a sliding bracket, the test motor being fixedly mounted on the sliding bracket, the loading member driving the sliding bracket to apply pressure to the vertical gearbox together with the test motor.

[0009] In a further embodiment, the column assembly includes a symmetrically arranged upper crossbeam and a mounting base, with a guide column fixedly connected between the upper crossbeam and the mounting base, and the sliding bracket movably connected to the guide column and moving up and down along the guide column.

[0010] In a further embodiment, the loading component is a hydraulic cylinder, with the base of the hydraulic cylinder mounted on the upper crossbeam and the piston rod connected to the sliding bracket;

[0011] The guide post and the loading element are each provided in at least two.

[0012] In a further embodiment, an adjusting support is connected between the upper crossbeam and the sliding bracket. The adjusting support includes a support rod and a fixed rod positioned opposite each other at both ends of the threaded cylinder. A load cell and a bearing are installed inside the threaded cylinder. The movable end of the support rod is threadedly connected to the threaded cylinder, and the movable end of the fixed rod is connected to the threaded cylinder via a bearing and extends into the cylinder to contact the load cell. In another embodiment, a transition bracket is fixedly mounted on the outer side of the sliding bracket, located on the same horizontal plane. A mounting frame is installed on the transition bracket. The test motor and the vertical gearbox are respectively fixedly mounted on the mounting frame. The drive shaft of the test motor passes through the mounting frame and connects to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox.

[0013] In a further embodiment, the mounting bracket includes a horizontal support plate with a positioning hole in the middle for the drive shaft of the test motor to pass through. A connecting plate for mounting a vertical gearbox is fixed on the horizontal support plate on the opposite side of the test motor. The horizontal support plate has an oblong hole for connecting to the transition bracket, which is used to fine-tune the angle of the horizontal support plate, thereby adjusting the position of the center of the test motor on the horizontal plane.

[0014] In a further embodiment, the torque detection workpiece includes a support bracket that supports a drive wheel connected to the output shaft of a vertical gearbox. The support bracket includes a support frame, on which two support bearing assemblies that support the drive wheel are symmetrically mounted.

[0015] In a further embodiment, the support bearing assembly includes two bearing seats symmetrically fixedly mounted on a support frame and a wheel axle mounted between the two bearing seats; the bearing seats have bearings embedded in them, and the end of the wheel axle is connected to the bearing.

[0016] Preferably, the output shaft of the vertical gearbox is connected to the magnetic powder brake via a drive shaft, and a torque sensor for detecting torque is installed on the drive shaft.

[0017] More preferably, it also includes a test bench, on which the drive shaft is mounted via a bearing housing mounting bracket; and the magnetic powder brake is mounted on the test bench via a load mounting bracket.

[0018] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. This utility model can simultaneously simulate the torque and wheel load borne by the vertical gearbox on the electric warehouse vehicle during operation, so as to avoid the gearbox being damaged during the operation of the whole vehicle after passing the fatigue test.

[0020] 2. The fatigue testing device of this utility model applies pressure to the vertical gearbox through a loading component and a sliding bracket, and adjusts the wheel load by adjusting the pressure of the loading component. In other words, it simulates the stress on the vertical gearbox within the vehicle by adding a load to the drive wheel on the vertical gearbox.

[0021] 3. The sliding bracket on the fatigue testing device of this utility model can adjust the height of the test motor, so that fatigue tests can be carried out on vertical gearboxes of different heights. It can also adapt to fatigue tests of vertical gearboxes of different specifications by replacing the column assemblies of different heights.

[0022] 4. This utility model uses two self-lubricating wheel axles to support the drive wheel, which rolls purely with the tire of the drive wheel; this reduces the frictional resistance between the tire and the wheel axles, thus reducing tire wear. Furthermore, the two wheel axles are arranged symmetrically with respect to the center of the drive wheel.

[0023] 5. The fatigue testing device of this utility model can be modified on the existing torque testing workpiece by adding a column assembly, and can achieve adjustment in three directions. First, the vertical height of the test motor can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the sliding bracket. Second, the installation angle of the horizontal support plate can be finely adjusted by the oblong hole on the horizontal support plate, thereby adjusting the position of the center of the test motor on the horizontal plane. Third, the installation position of the bearing seat can be finely adjusted by the oblong hole on the support frame, thereby calibrating the two wheel-borne axles to be symmetrically arranged with respect to the center of the drive wheel. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the column assembly in this utility model.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting bracket in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure in this utility model.

[0029] In the diagram: Column assembly 1, upper crossbeam 101, adjusting support 102, guide column 103, sliding bracket 104, mounting base 105, transition bracket 106, hydraulic cylinder 107;

[0030] Test motor 2;

[0031] Mounting bracket 3, waist-shaped hole 301, positioning hole 302, connecting plate 303, horizontal support plate 304;

[0032] Vertical gearbox 4, drive wheel 41;

[0033] Test bench 5;

[0034] 6. Bearing bracket 601, bearing housing 602, wheel axle 602, support frame 603, mounting bolt 604, bearing 605;

[0035] 7. Bearing housing mounting bracket; 8. Load mounting bracket; 9. Magnetic powder brake. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other.

[0037] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," and "fixed installation," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a communication connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] like Figure 1-4As shown, a fatigue testing device for a vertical gearbox includes a torque detection workpiece for detecting the torque of the vertical gearbox. The torque detection workpiece includes a test motor 2 connected to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox 4, and the output shaft of the test motor 2 is connected to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox 4 via a coupling (the same applies below). The output shaft of the vertical gearbox 4 is connected to a magnetic powder brake 9 via a transmission shaft, and a drive wheel 41 is mounted on the output shaft of the vertical gearbox 4. The test motor 2 drives the input and output shafts of the vertical gearbox 4 to rotate; while the magnetic powder brake 9 applies a reverse torque to the output shaft of the vertical gearbox 4 via the transmission shaft, forming a load. When the target torque is reached, the excitation current of the magnetic powder brake is kept constant, the load state is locked, and a static fatigue test is performed; or a dynamic fatigue test is performed by cyclically loading according to a preset waveform excitation current.

[0039] In addition, a torque sensor is installed on the drive shaft to facilitate the observation of torque magnitude. The torque sensor transmits the detected signal to the PLC, which converts it into a torque value and displays it. Any existing standard model in the field can be selected for the PLC.

[0040] More preferably, it also includes a test bench 5, on which the drive shaft is mounted via a bearing housing mounting bracket 7; and the magnetic powder brake 9 is mounted on the test bench 5 via a load mounting bracket 8. The bearing housing mounting bracket 7, the load mounting bracket 8, and the load-bearing bracket 6 are coaxially mounted on the test bench 5, making the magnetic powder brake 9, the drive shaft, and the output shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox 4 coaxial.

[0041] This fatigue testing device also includes a wheel load testing workpiece for testing the wheel load of the vertical gearbox. The wheel load testing workpiece includes a column assembly 1, which includes a loading component and a sliding bracket 104. The test motor 2 is fixedly installed on the sliding bracket 104. The loading component drives the sliding bracket 104 to apply pressure to the vertical gearbox 4 together with the test motor 2.

[0042] like Figure 2 As shown, the column assembly 1 includes an upper crossbeam 101 and a mounting base 105 arranged symmetrically. A guide column 103 is fixedly connected between the upper crossbeam 101 and the mounting base 105. The sliding bracket 104 is movably connected to the guide column 103 and moves up and down along the guide column 103.

[0043] To facilitate modular installation and adjustment, the guide column 103, the upper crossbeam 101, and the mounting base 105 are all detachable (e.g., bolted). The transition bracket 106 is mounted on the sliding bracket 104, and the whole can slide up and down along the guide column 103.

[0044] The loading component is a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. In this embodiment, the loading component is a hydraulic cylinder 107. The base of the hydraulic cylinder 107 is mounted on the upper crossbeam 101, and the piston rod is fixedly connected to the sliding bracket 104. Hydraulic oil is injected into the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 107, and its piston rod extends to drive the sliding bracket 104 to move towards the vertical gearbox 4 on the guide column 103. This, in turn, drives the test motor 2 to apply pressure to the vertical gearbox 4. The vertical gearbox 4 is subjected to a dual vertical load from the test motor 2 and the sliding bracket 104, i.e., wheel load.

[0045] In this embodiment, three guide posts 103 are provided, which improves the reliability of guiding and supporting the sliding bracket 104; it also improves the accuracy and reliability of fatigue testing. Two loading members are provided, which is also to improve the stability of the sliding bracket 104 when it moves.

[0046] In another embodiment, an adjusting support 102 connects the upper crossbeam 101 and the sliding bracket 104. The adjusting support 102 includes a support rod and a fixed rod arranged opposite to each other. A threaded cylinder is threaded onto the outer circumference of the support rod. A load cell and a bearing are installed inside the threaded cylinder. The movable end of the fixed rod is connected to the threaded cylinder through the bearing and extends into the cylinder to contact the load cell. In this embodiment, when the threaded cylinder is rotated, the threaded cylinder moves synchronously along the support rod along with the fixed rod, forming a "telescopic" structure, thereby achieving rapid adjustment of the overall length of the adjusting support 102. The outer ring of the bearing is fixed to the inner wall of the threaded cylinder, and the inner ring is fixed to the outer wall of the fixed rod, thereby achieving relative rotation.

[0047] Specifically, a limiting step or groove is provided on the inner wall of the threaded cylinder for positioning the load cell, so that the load cell only bears vertical pressure and avoids lateral force interference with the measurement. The fixed end of the support rod is fixed to the sliding bracket 104, and the fixed end of the fixed rod is fixed to the upper crossbeam 101. That is, when hydraulic oil is injected into the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 107, its piston rod extends and drives the sliding bracket 104 to move; when the pressure loaded by the hydraulic cylinder 107 reaches the pressure value required for the test, the threaded cylinder in the adjusting support 102 is rotated to lengthen the support rod until its overall height is consistent with the height of the hydraulic cylinder 107; at this time, the threaded cylinder exerts an upward compressive force on the fixed rod, that is, it applies pressure to the load cell. The pressure value displayed on the load cell at this time is the load loaded by the hydraulic cylinder, that is, the wheel load.

[0048] To reduce hydraulic energy consumption, the oil pressure in the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder can be released, and the sliding frame can be supported and pressure applied by the adjusting support 102. At this time, the pressure value displayed by the load cell is the load applied by the hydraulic cylinder. The test system sets the limit deviation value of the load cell. When the limit deviation value is exceeded, the position of the threaded cylinder is manually slightly adjusted to bring the wheel load to the set value.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, a transition bracket 106 located on the same horizontal plane is fixed on the outer side of the sliding bracket 104. A mounting frame 3 is installed on the transition bracket 106. The test motor 2 and the vertical gearbox 4 are respectively fixedly installed on the mounting frame 3. The test motor 2 is installed at the top of the mounting frame 3, and its drive shaft passes through the mounting frame 3 and is connected to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox 4. The housing of the vertical gearbox 4 is installed below the mounting frame 3.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, the mounting frame 3 includes a horizontal support plate 304. A positioning hole 302 is provided in the middle of the horizontal support plate 304 for the drive shaft of the test motor 2 to pass through. The test motor 2 is mounted on the top of the mounting frame 3, and its drive shaft passes through the mounting frame 3 and connects to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox 4. A connecting plate 303 for mounting the vertical gearbox 4 is fixed on the horizontal support plate 304 on the opposite side of the test motor 2. The housing of the vertical gearbox 4 is mounted on the connecting plate 303. An oblong hole 301 is provided on the horizontal support plate 304 for connecting to the transition bracket 106, used for fine-tuning the angle of the horizontal support plate 304, thereby adjusting the position of the center of the test motor 2 on the horizontal plane.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, the torque detection workpiece includes a support bracket 6 that supports the drive wheel 41 connected to the output shaft of the vertical reduction gearbox 4, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the support bracket 6 includes a support frame 603, on which two support bearing assemblies for supporting the drive wheel 41 are symmetrically mounted.

[0052] Specifically, the support bearing assembly includes two bearing seats 601 symmetrically fixedly mounted on a support frame 603 and a wheel axle 602 mounted between the two bearing seats 601. The support frame 603 also has oblong holes, and the bearing seats 601 are fixed in these oblong holes by mounting bolts 604. The bearing seats 601 can move along the direction of the oblong holes, thereby adjusting the distance between the two wheel axles 602 so that they are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the drive wheel 41. Bearings 605 are embedded in the bearing seats 601, and the ends of the wheel axles 602 are connected to the bearings 605. This allows the two wheel axles 602 to rotate self-lubricatingly, supporting the drive wheel. The wheel axles 602 and the tires of the drive wheel rotate purely on each other, reducing frictional resistance between the tires and the wheel axles, and reducing tire wear.

[0053] When testing the vertical gearbox 4, the bearing bracket 6, bearing housing mounting bracket 7, load mounting bracket 8, and column assembly 1 are installed on the test bench 5 at the pre-set corresponding positions. The housing of the vertical gearbox 4 is then fixedly connected to the connecting plate 303 on the mounting bracket 3. The mounting bracket 3 is then installed on the transition bracket 106 on the column assembly 1, and the test motor 2 is then installed. The installation angle of the mounting bracket 3 is adjusted through the oblong hole 301 on the horizontal support plate 304, thereby adjusting the position of the center of the test motor on the horizontal plane. The vertical height of the test motor is adjusted by adjusting the height of the sliding bracket. This allows the drive shaft of the test motor 2 to pass through the positioning hole 302 and be coaxially connected to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox 4, while ensuring that the output shaft of the vertical gearbox 4 is coaxially set with the output shaft of the magnetic powder brake 9. The distance between the two wheel axles 602 on the bearing bracket 6 is adjusted so that they are symmetrically arranged relative to the center of the drive wheel, allowing the cylindrical surface of the wheel axle 602 to contact the tire of the drive wheel installed on the vertical gearbox 4. After adjustment, rotate the threaded cylinder on the adjusting support 102 to extend the support rod and exert an upward compressive force on the fixed rod. The load cell detects this pressure and displays or transmits it to the display.

[0054] During the test, the test motor 2 is first turned on, driving the vertical gearbox 4 to output torque. The output shaft of the vertical gearbox 4 is connected to the magnetic powder brake 9 via a transmission shaft. The magnetic powder brake 9 applies a reverse driving torque to apply load. A torque sensor mounted on the transmission shaft continuously detects the torque value. When the designed torque value is reached, the test motor 2 stops, while the magnetic powder brake 9 continues to apply load and locks the torque state. Then, hydraulic oil is introduced into the ports of the two hydraulic cylinders 107 on the column assembly 1. The hydraulic oil pushes the piston rod to move, which in turn drives the sliding bracket 104 and the test motor 2 on it to apply pressure (i.e., wheel load) to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox 4. The load cell will display the magnitude of the applied pressure. When the designed value is reached, the pressure value is locked. Therefore, this device simultaneously simulates the torque and wheel load borne by the vertical gearbox on the electric warehouse vehicle during operation, to avoid the gearbox failing the fatigue test but then being damaged during the operation of the vehicle later.

[0055] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application shall be within the scope of protection of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A fatigue testing device for a vertical gearbox, comprising a torque detection workpiece for detecting the torque of the vertical gearbox, wherein the torque detection workpiece includes a test motor (2) connected to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox (4); characterized in that: It also includes a wheel load testing workpiece for testing the wheel load of the vertical gearbox. The wheel load testing workpiece includes a column assembly (1), the column assembly (1) includes a loading component and a sliding bracket (104), the test motor (2) is fixedly installed on the sliding bracket (104), and the loading component drives the sliding bracket (104) to apply pressure to the vertical gearbox (4) together with the test motor (2).

2. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The column assembly (1) includes a symmetrically arranged upper crossbeam (101) and a mounting base (105). A guide column (103) is fixedly connected between the upper crossbeam (101) and the mounting base (105). The sliding bracket (104) is movably connected to the guide column (103) and moves up and down along the guide column (103).

3. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: The loading component is a hydraulic cylinder (107), the base of which is mounted on the upper crossbeam (101), and the piston rod is connected to the sliding bracket (104); The guide post (103) and the loading element are each provided with at least two.

4. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that: An adjusting support (102) is connected between the upper crossbeam (101) and the sliding bracket (104). The adjusting support (102) includes a support rod and a fixed rod arranged opposite to each other at both ends of the threaded cylinder. A load cell and a bearing are installed inside the threaded cylinder. The movable end of the support rod is threadedly connected to the threaded cylinder. The movable end of the fixed rod is connected to the threaded cylinder through the bearing and extends into the cylinder to contact the load cell.

5. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: An intermediate bracket (106) located on the same horizontal plane is fixed on the outside of the sliding bracket (104). An mounting bracket (3) is installed on the intermediate bracket (106). The test motor (2) and the vertical gearbox (4) are respectively fixedly installed on the mounting bracket (3). The drive shaft of the test motor (2) passes through the mounting bracket (3) and is connected to the input shaft of the vertical gearbox (4).

6. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (3) includes a horizontal support plate (304), with a positioning hole (302) in the middle for the drive shaft of the test motor (2) to pass through. A connecting plate (303) for mounting a vertical gearbox (4) is fixed on the horizontal support plate (304) on the opposite side of the test motor (2). The horizontal support plate (304) has an oblong hole (301) for connecting with the transition bracket (106) to finely adjust the angle of the horizontal support plate (304) and thus adjust the position of the center of the test motor (2) on the horizontal plane.

7. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque detection workpiece includes a support bracket (6) that supports the drive wheel (41) connected to the output shaft of the vertical gearbox (4). The support bracket (6) includes a support frame (603), on which two support bearing assemblies that support the drive wheel (41) are symmetrically mounted.

8. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support bearing assembly includes two bearing seats (601) symmetrically fixed on the support frame (603) and a wheel axle (602) installed between the two bearing seats (601); a bearing (605) is embedded in the bearing seat (601), and the end of the wheel axle (602) is connected to the bearing (605).

9. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output shaft of the vertical gearbox (4) is connected to the magnetic powder brake (9) via a transmission shaft, and a torque sensor for detecting torque is installed on the transmission shaft.

10. The fatigue testing apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a test bench (5), the drive shaft is mounted on the test bench (5) via a bearing seat mounting bracket (7); the magnetic powder brake (9) is mounted on the test bench (5) via a load mounting bracket (8).

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