Portable and foldable directional antenna

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of wireless communication equipment, in particular to a portable foldable directional antenna, which solves the problems of low mechanical reliability, insufficient volume compression ratio and deteriorated radiation performance of the conventional foldable antenna. A first cross beam and a second cross beam are hinged through a rotating shaft, a four-side concave dovetail groove aluminum alloy profile is adopted, double locking is performed by a sliding n-shaped clamp and a locking screw when the antenna is unfolded, and the bending strength is improved by 40%; the radiation unit comprises a reflection oscillator, an active oscillator and three groups of director oscillators, forward radiation is optimized, the oscillator space error is less than or equal to lambda / 50, and the directional gain fluctuation is less than or equal to 0.5 dB; the folding mechanism adopts a telescopic pull rod, and retracts and rotates by 100 degrees to be embedded into a dovetail groove during storage; the radio frequency module is integrated with an SMA-K interface and an adjustable capacitor. After the beam is folded, the size is reduced by 50%, the unfolding / folding operation is less than or equal to 30 seconds, and the beam is suitable for emergency communication and field scenes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of wireless communication equipment technology, specifically relating to a Yagi antenna based on a split composite profile and a four-sided concave dovetail groove structure, which achieves directional radiation and rapid storage through a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment and folding locking mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] Existing portable foldable directional antennas achieve compact storage through various structural designs, but they still have shortcomings in practical applications. For example,

[0003] Patent CN201922004983.7 discloses a detachable Yagi antenna, which uses a split design to detachably connect the director unit and the active unit. Although the split structure reduces storage space and improves portability, it still has the following drawbacks: First, the detachable connection interface (such as threads or clips) is prone to mechanical wear after frequent disassembly and assembly, which can lead to an increase in the mating gap, causing the relative position of the director and reflector to shift, affecting the antenna's directional gain and radiation stability. Second, the split assembly operation is cumbersome and cannot meet the rapid deployment requirements of emergency scenarios. Third, when the split unit is stored separately, the director unit and the active unit are easily lost or damaged during transportation, which reduces the reliability of actual applications.

[0004] The foldable Yagi antenna disclosed in patent CN202021113398.7 uses a one-piece molded vibrator support and a return spring to position the guide rod. While this improves the stability of the antenna's deployment, the rigid connection between the rivets and the mounting holes is prone to gaps due to friction during frequent folding, leading to the risk of the guide rod loosening or even falling off. Simultaneously, the return spring is prone to elastic decay under long-term compression, causing failure of the rebound positioning after deployment and affecting the smoothness of folding. Furthermore, due to the symmetrical distribution of the guide rods limiting the folding trajectory, this design is prone to structural interference when the vibrator spacing is small, resulting in insufficient volume compression after folding.

[0005] Another patent, CN202122862649.2, proposes a foldable Yagi antenna that fixes the vibrator with a rectangular main rod and a nylon bracket. However, the nylon bracket has poor creep resistance and is prone to stress relaxation or creep deformation under long-term wind load or vibration, resulting in a decrease in mechanical strength. Moreover, due to the single-point folding design at the root, when the length of the guide rod is large and the spacing between adjacent vibrators is small, it is easy to fail to fully fold during the folding process due to structural interference, resulting in insufficient overall size compression after folding, making it difficult to adapt to the application requirements of compact spaces.

[0006] In addition, the folding direction-finding antenna in patent CN202223431419.1 simplifies the structure with a telescopic rod assembly and a limiting kit, but the omission of the director leads to a decrease in directional gain, which limits the direction-finding accuracy in complex electromagnetic environments and makes it difficult to adapt to the needs of multi-band or high-sensitivity scenarios.

[0007] In summary, existing foldable or split antennas generally suffer from the following common defects:

[0008] Insufficient mechanical reliability: Connecting components (such as rivets, buckles, nylon brackets) are prone to wear or creep, which can lead to a deterioration in positioning accuracy after unfolding.

[0009] The trade-off between operational efficiency and portability: interference from folding trajectories or separate storage designs result in insufficient compression ratios, and manual reset operations are cumbersome and difficult to deploy quickly.

[0010] Electrical performance compromises: sacrificing director or oscillator length to reduce size significantly reduces directional gain and interference immunity;

[0011] The aforementioned problems severely restrict the practicality of antennas in emergency communication, field surveys and other scenarios, and there is an urgent need for an innovative design solution that combines high structural strength, precise reset capability and environmental robustness. Utility Model Content

[0012] This invention addresses the problems of low mechanical reliability, insufficient folding compression ratio, and weak environmental adaptability of existing antennas, and provides a portable Yagi antenna that can be quickly deployed.

[0013] To achieve the above objectives, the overall structure of this utility model includes a crossbeam module, a radiating unit, a folding mechanism, and a radio frequency module, and its functions are realized through the following innovative design:

[0014] Crossbeam module ( Figure 1-4 ,8)

[0015] The first crossbeam (1) and the second crossbeam (2) are hinged by a pivot (13), and are made of aluminum alloy profile with four concave dovetail grooves (section 20mm×20mm) and coated with a wear-resistant coating.

[0016] When unfolded, slide the n-type clip (14) to the pivot (13) and tighten the locking screw (16) to eliminate axial / radial displacement and form a rigid coaxial structure; when folded, the crossbeams are stacked and stored, with a volume compression rate of ≥50%.

[0017] Radiation unit ( Figure 1 )

[0018] The reflecting oscillator (3) is fixed to the first crossbeam with a length of 0.5λ; the active oscillator (4) is placed on the second crossbeam with a length shortened by λ / 8.

[0019] Three sets of guiding oscillators (5) are arranged at equal intervals of λ / 4 along the second crossbeam, with the length decreasing by λ / 8 in sequence to optimize forward radiation.

[0020] Folding mechanism ( Figure 5 ,7)

[0021] The tie rod (6) adopts a telescopic design (stroke 70-200mm) and is rotatably connected to the support (9) through the hinge shaft (10);

[0022] When storing, retract the pull rod and rotate it 100° to embed it into the dovetail groove of the crossbeam, and lock it in place by threaded post (17) and T-nut (15).

[0023] RF module ( Figure 6 )

[0024] The RF box (11) integrates an SMA-K type interface (18), and the matching is adjusted by an adjustable capacitor (19); the matching unit (7) is fixed by a parallel clip (8) and connects the active oscillator (4) to the RF interface.

[0025] 3. Beneficial effects

[0026] High compressibility and portability: The longitudinal dimension is reduced by 50% after the crossbeam is folded, and the telescopic and rotating embedded design of the pull rod reduces the overall volume by 70%, making it suitable for individual soldiers to carry.

[0027] Strong mechanical stability: The dovetail profile and n-type clip (14) provide double restraint, increasing the bending strength by 40%;

[0028] Stable radiation performance: The limiting kit constrains the unfolded attitude, the spatial position error of the oscillator is ≤λ / 50, and the directional gain fluctuation is ≤0.5dB;

[0029] Quick operation: The unfolding / folding is achieved through the linkage of screws, buckles and pull rods, and the operation time is ≤30 seconds for a single person.

[0030] 4. Adaptive Expansion

[0031] The length of the crossbeam and the number / spacing of the vibrators can be adjusted according to the frequency band (such as UHF / VHF), and the radio frequency interface can be replaced with N-type or BNC-type, all of which are within the protection scope of this utility model. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a front view schematic diagram of the fully unfolded present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a side view of the fully unfolded utility model;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a top view of the fully unfolded utility model;

[0035] Figure 4 This is a diagram showing the process of the crossbeam of this utility model changing from a folded state to an unfolded state;

[0036] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the process of the pull rod structure of this utility model from a folded state to an unfolded state;

[0037] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 Cross-sectional view of the AA radio frequency box structure;

[0038] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the tie rod structure of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention when fully folded.

[0040] In the figure: 1—First crossbeam 1, 2—Second crossbeam 2, 3—Reflector, 4—Active vibrator, 5—Director vibrator, 6—Pull rod, 7—Matching unit, 8—Parallel clamp, 9—Support, 10—Hinge shaft, 11—RF box, 12—Support plate, 13—Rotating shaft, 14—N-type clip, 15—T-type nut, 16—Locking screw, 17—Threaded post, 18—RF interface, 19—Adjustable capacitor. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To enable those skilled in the art to fully understand this utility model, the following description is provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figure 1-8 The preferred embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below.

[0042] In the following embodiments, the orientation descriptions (such as "top", "front", "left", "right") are defined based on the perspective shown in the accompanying drawings. The orientation can be adjusted during actual installation, and such adjustments are equivalent to the present invention.

[0043] 1. Structural Composition

[0044] 1.1 Crossbeam Module ( Figure 1-4 ,8)

[0045] The first crossbeam (1) and the second crossbeam (2) are hinged by a pivot (13). The crossbeam is made of aluminum alloy profile with four concave dovetail grooves (section 20mm×20mm, groove width 5mm, groove depth 6mm) and the surface is coated with a wear-resistant coating. When the crossbeam is unfolded, the n-type clip (14) slides from the root of the second crossbeam (2) to both sides of the pivot (13) and is fixed by symmetrical locking screws (16) to eliminate axial and radial displacement. When folded, the locking screws (16) used to fasten the n-type clip (14) are loosened and the n-type clip (14) is slid to the root of the second crossbeam (2). The top of the second crossbeam (2) is fixed to the support plate (12) at the end of the first crossbeam (1) by the locking screws (16).

[0046] 1.2 Radiation Unit ( Figure 1 )

[0047] 1.2.1 Reflecting oscillator (3): It is fixed to the first crossbeam (1) by a support (9) with a length of 0.5 times the working wavelength λ, and is used to reflect electromagnetic waves and enhance backward suppression;

[0048] 1.2.2 Active oscillator (4): It is fixed to the second crossbeam (2) by a support (9), and its length is λ / 8 shorter than that of the reflector oscillator, serving as the excitation source of radio frequency signals;

[0049] 1.2.3 Directional oscillator (5): There are 3 groups, which are installed on the second crossbeam (2) through the support (9) and are arranged at equal intervals from front to back along the second crossbeam (2) (the interval is λ / 4). The length of each group decreases by λ / 8 in turn, which is used to optimize the forward radiation of electromagnetic waves.

[0050] 1.3 Folding Mechanism ( Figure 1 ,5,7)

[0051] 1.3.1 Tie rod (6): It adopts a telescopic design (stroke 70-200mm) and is rotatably connected to the outer end of the support (9) through the hinge shaft (10);

[0052] 1.3.2 Locking mechanism: The support (9) has a threaded column (17) at the root, which is fitted with a T-nut (15) in the dovetail groove of the crossbeam to tighten and fix the pull rod; when stored, the pull rod retracts and rotates 100° around the hinge axis to embed into the dovetail groove.

[0053] 1.4 Radio Frequency Module ( Figure 2-3 ,6)

[0054] 1.4.1 Matching device (7): Located at the root of the guide oscillator (5), and fixed by a parallel clamp (8);

[0055] 1.4.2 RF box (11): integrates SMA-K type RF interface (18) (impedance 50Ω), which is fixed to the second crossbeam (2) by locking screw (16);

[0056] 1.4.3 Electrical connection: The matching unit (7) is connected to the center conductor of the adjustable capacitor (19) and the radio frequency interface (18) through a wire, and the outer conductor of the radio frequency interface is connected to the active oscillator (4).

[0057] 2. Operating Procedures

[0058] 2.1 Expand Operation

[0059] Step 1: Loosen the locking screw (16), unfold the crossbeam (1,2) to the coaxial position, engage the n-type clip (14) and tighten the screw;

[0060] Step 2: Pull out the tie rod (6) and rotate it until it is perpendicular to the crossbeam (1,2) and all the tie rods are parallel to each other.

[0061] 2.2 Folding Operation

[0062] Step 1: Retract the pull rod (6) to the minimum stroke (70mm) and rotate it 100° around the hinge axis (10) to embed it into the dovetail groove; Step 2: Loosen the locking screw (16) used to fasten the n-type clip (14), fold the second crossbeam (2) around the pivot (13) to overlap with the first crossbeam (1), and temporarily fix it by the locking screw (16) of the support plate (12).

[0063] It should be noted that the number of oscillators, the length and number of beams of this utility model can be adjusted according to frequency band requirements (for example, adding a directional oscillator 5 to improve directional gain); all equivalent embodiments achieved by equivalent substitution, simple modification or adaptive adjustment based on the technical solution of this utility model are within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A portable, foldable directional antenna, characterized in that, include: The split aluminum alloy profile beam includes a first beam (1) and a second beam (2) hinged by a pivot (13). The first beam (1) and the second beam (2) are provided with concave dovetail grooves on all four sides. The radiating unit group includes a reflector (3) fixed to the first crossbeam (1), an active oscillator (4) installed on the second crossbeam (2) and at least one directional oscillator (5), wherein the length of the reflector (3) is greater than the length of the active oscillator (4) and the length of the directional oscillator (5), and the length gradient difference between adjacent oscillators is 1 / 8 of the working wavelength. The telescopic folding pull rod assembly includes a pull rod (6) rotatably connected to a support (9) via a hinge shaft (10), wherein the support (9) has a threaded post (17) at its root and is locked by inserting a T-nut (15) into the dovetail groove of the crossbeam; The double locking mechanism includes an n-type clip (14) and symmetrical locking screws (16) located on both sides of the rotating shaft (13), which are used to achieve axial and radial limiting by fastening and threading after the crossbeam is unfolded; The radio frequency module includes a matching unit (7) fixed to a guide oscillator (5) by a parallel clip (8), a radio frequency box (11) with an integrated adjustable capacitor (19), and a radio frequency interface (18) with an impedance of 50Ω.

2. The portable foldable directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first crossbeam (1) and the second crossbeam (2) have concave dovetail grooves on all four sides and are coated with a wear-resistant coating; the T-nut (15) is fastened with the dovetail groove with clearance fit.

3. The portable foldable directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pull rod (6) is a telescopic structure. When stored, it rotates 100° around the hinge axis (10) and embeds into the dovetail groove of the crossbeam.

4. The portable foldable directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The matching unit (7) is connected to the radio frequency box (11) via a threaded post (17). The radio frequency box (11) has a built-in adjustable capacitor (19) with a capacitance range of 1-30pF and a radio frequency interface (18) impedance of 50Ω.

5. The portable foldable directional antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beam length and the number / spacing of the vibrators can be adjusted according to the frequency band (such as UHF / VHF), and the radio frequency interface (18) can be replaced with N-type or BNC-type.

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