Solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device which aims at solving the problems that a traditional boiler is low in solid waste blending combustion proportion, limited in type, high in pollution and the like. The device comprises a solid waste pyrolysis chamber and a flue gas treatment chamber. The innovation point is that the flue gas treatment chamber is of a labyrinth winding corridor structure, and a partition wall and a flue gas channel are arranged in the flue gas treatment chamber, so that flue gas flows circuitously, and sufficient mixing and homogenization are realized. Various solid wastes can be efficiently and cleanly incinerated, the blending combustion proportion is remarkably improved, the fuel variety is expanded, pollutant emission is reduced, heat energy is effectively recycled, the device can be applied to various boilers in a coupling mode, and energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to solid waste garbage treatment and heat energy utilization technical field, specifically, relate to a solid waste garbage incineration heat energy utilization device, especially relate to a device that can be coupled and applied to various boilers for efficient, clean incineration of solid waste garbage and recovery of heat energy. BACKGROUND

[0002] The optimization of energy structure has become an important issue in the industrial field. In particular, high energy-consuming industries such as cement, thermal power, electrolytic aluminum, and steel are facing the urgent need for replacement of traditional fossil fuels. At present, coal-fired boilers, as the main heat supply equipment, their technological innovation has an important influence on achieving the carbon emission reduction target.

[0003] From the perspective of technical substitution, the collaborative use of biomass fuel and industrial solid waste is gradually becoming an important direction for coal replacement. Among them, industrial solid waste has unique advantages in the field of coal-fired boiler blending due to its low economic cost and resource potential. However, the existing technical system still has significant technical bottlenecks in practical application, which mainly reflects in the following aspects:

[0004] In terms of fuel adaptability, the blending ratio of traditional chain grate boilers and reciprocating grate boilers is generally low, usually only maintaining at 10%-30%. This limitation is mainly due to the significant difference in combustion characteristics of different fuels, making it difficult for industrial solid waste to achieve large-scale utilization. In addition, the existing equipment has high selectivity for fuel types, mainly limited to light and flammable materials such as cloth strips and fabrics, while it is difficult to achieve effective combustion of industrial solid waste with plastic resin, high-moisture materials, and mixed impurities.

[0005] In terms of combustion efficiency and environmental performance, industrial solid waste blending often leads to incomplete combustion, which easily produces byproducts such as black smoke, odors, and tar. These pollutants not only affect environmental air quality, but also form deposits on the boiler tube wall and coal economizer, reducing heat transfer efficiency and affecting the stability of equipment operation. More importantly, the existing tail gas treatment system cannot fully meet the requirements of stable and standard emissions, which to some extent restricts the popularization and application of the technology.

[0006] In view of the above technical bottlenecks, the development of new solid waste incineration and heat recovery devices has become an inevitable trend in the industry. This technical solution should focus on solving key problems such as high-proportion blending, adaptability of multiple types of solid waste, combustion efficiency improvement, and pollution control, so as to achieve efficient and clean utilization of industrial solid waste. This innovative technical path not only provides support for the energy-saving and emission-reducing modification of traditional coal-fired boilers, but also promotes the transformation and upgrading of the heat supply field towards low-carbon and clean direction. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, overcome the problems of the traditional boiler such as chain grate boiler and reciprocating grate boiler in the limited mixing ratio, limited solid waste type, insufficient combustion and pollution emission when mixing burning solid waste, a solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device is provided to realize efficient and clean incineration of various solid waste and effective recycling of heat energy.

[0008] In order to achieve the above object, the utility model provides a solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device, which comprises a solid waste pyrolysis chamber and a flue gas treatment chamber.

[0009] The solid waste pyrolysis chamber is configured to pyrolyze the solid waste. The pyrolysis chamber can adopt various mature pyrolysis furnace structures, such as but not limited to reciprocating grate incinerator and fluidized bed incinerator. By controlling the temperature and oxygen concentration in the pyrolysis chamber, the solid waste is thermally decomposed in an oxygen-deficient or low-oxygen environment to produce pyrolysis flue gas.

[0010] The core of the utility model is the structural design of the flue gas treatment chamber. The flue gas treatment chamber is in communication with the solid waste pyrolysis chamber, receives the flue gas generated from the solid waste pyrolysis chamber through the flue gas inlet, and discharges the flue gas treated by the flue gas treatment chamber through the flue gas outlet.

[0011] In order to make the flue gas fully mixed and homogenized in the flue gas treatment chamber, and create favorable conditions for subsequent heat energy utilization and tail gas purification, the internal structure of the flue gas treatment chamber is specially designed.

[0012] The internal space of the flue gas treatment chamber is divided into at least two flue gas flow channels by at least one partition wall perpendicular to the flue gas running direction. A flue gas passage is arranged on the partition wall to connect adjacent flue gas flow channels. The flue gas passage, flue gas inlet, flue gas outlet and flue gas flow channel jointly form a labyrinth corridor structure, so that the flue gas runs in a winding way in the flue gas treatment chamber. This labyrinth corridor structure can effectively prolong the residence time of the flue gas in the flue gas treatment chamber, increase the contact area of the flue gas with the wall, strengthen the mixing effect of the flue gas, and promote the uniformization of the flue gas components and temperature.

[0013] Preferably, in order to further improve the homogenization effect of the flue gas, and to some extent block larger particles, in the solid waste incineration heat utilization device, at least one separation wall is provided on the end separation wall near the flue gas outlet. The separation wall is substantially perpendicular to the end separation wall, and a plurality of flue gas small holes are uniformly distributed on the separation wall. The separation wall at least partially or completely encloses a flue gas flow channel. When the flue gas flows through the separation wall, it needs to pass through the uniformly distributed flue gas small holes, which further disperses the flue gas flow, making it more uniform into the subsequent flue gas outlet and flue gas passage, and can effectively block larger particles of fly ash, reduce its entry into the subsequent equipment, and reduce the risk of equipment wear and dust accumulation.

[0014] In order to more effectively realize the homogenization and particle separation of the flue gas, preferably, the separation wall can be divided into upper, middle and lower parts, and the flue gas small holes can be mainly arranged in the middle part. In this way, the inertia of the flue gas flow can be utilized to make the heavier particles more easily settle in the lower part, and the lighter flue gas mainly pass through the small hole channel in the middle part, thereby realizing the preliminary flue gas purification effect.

[0015] In order to further enhance the degree of detour and mixing effect of the flue gas in the flue gas treatment chamber, preferably, the position of the flue gas passage is arranged away from the flue gas inlet, the flue gas outlet or another flue gas passage. And the positions of the two adjacent flue gas passages on the separation wall are arranged staggered up and down. This staggered arrangement forces the flue gas to constantly change the flow direction when flowing through different flue gas flow channels, thereby more fully mixing and homogenizing.

[0016] In order to further strengthen the disturbance effect at the entrance of the flue gas passage and improve the mixing efficiency of the flue gas, preferably, in the solid waste incineration heat utilization device, a flow resistance structure is arranged near the flue gas inlet of the flue gas passage. The flow resistance structure can be a flow resistance plate, a protrusion, a grid or any structure that can hinder the airflow from directly and quickly passing through the flue gas passage entrance. By setting the flow resistance structure, the flue gas can collide, turn back and disturb before entering the flue gas passage, thereby enhancing the mixing effect of the flue gas.

[0017] In order to fully recycle the heat energy in the flue gas and improve the energy utilization efficiency, the solid waste incineration heat utilization device of the utility model can also include a heat energy utilization system. The heat energy utilization system is configured to receive the flue gas discharged from the flue gas treatment chamber and recycle the heat energy in the flue gas. The heat energy utilization system can be various types of boilers, such as chain grate boiler, fluidized bed boiler, sludge rotary kiln incinerator, coal powder boiler, etc., or other types of heat energy utilization equipment, such as heat conducting oil furnace, hot air furnace, waste heat boiler, etc.

[0018] In order to ensure the stable operation of the whole system and the tail gas emission standard, the solid waste incineration heat utilization device can further include a fan system. The fan system can include a combustion air blower and an induced draft fan. The combustion air blower is configured to provide combustion air to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber to support the pyrolysis reaction in the pyrolysis chamber. The induced draft fan is arranged downstream of the heat utilization system and is configured to extract flue gas, provide power for the flue gas flow of the system, and ensure that the flue gas can smoothly enter the subsequent tail gas treatment system (if provided).

[0019] The utility model realizes a plurality of technical breakthroughs in the field of solid waste incineration heat utilization, and its core value lies in the optimization and innovation of traditional process. By constructing an independent pyrolysis combustion system, the device not only significantly improves the utilization rate of solid waste resources, but also provides a feasible technical solution to solve the current energy and environmental problems.

[0020] In terms of fuel substitution, the device breaks through the inherent limitations of traditional boiler systems through innovative structural design and process flow. Traditional chain grate boiler, reciprocating grate boiler and other systems are limited by combustion conditions and technical limitations when processing solid waste, and the blending ratio is generally maintained at a low level of 10%-30%. The utility model establishes an independent solid waste pyrolysis combustion system, combined with advanced flue gas homogenization treatment technology, so that the substitution ratio of solid waste fuel is significantly improved. Specifically, when coupled with a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, the flue gas obtained by burning solid waste is directly used for the heat utilization system, and the direct flue gas utilization ratio can be expanded to a wide range of 20%-100%; when coupled with a traditional chain grate boiler or reciprocating grate boiler, the flue gas utilization ratio is also much higher than the direct blending of solid waste in the prior art. This technical innovation not only greatly reduces the consumption of fossil fuels, but also provides reliable technical support for the large-scale disposal of industrial solid waste, municipal solid waste and other wastes.

[0021] This is because the traditional boiler system has strict requirements for the physical and chemical properties of solid waste fuel, including water content, calorific value, impurity content and other parameters, which need to be controlled within a certain range. In contrast, the utility model can handle solid waste with high water content (0-60%), solid waste containing plastic resin, solid waste with large fluctuations in calorific value, and solid waste fuel containing stones, metals, glass and other impurities. This wide adaptability reduces the threshold of solid waste pretreatment, helps to expand the source channel of solid waste fuel, and improves the economic efficiency of the system.

[0022] In terms of environmental performance, the device adopts innovative structural designs such as labyrinthine smoke flow channel and partitioned transparent wall, effectively improving combustion efficiency by prolonging the residence time of flue gas and promoting gas-solid mixing. This design not only reduces the generation of incomplete combustion products, but also reduces fly ash emission concentration through physical separation. From the actual application effect, the device performs outstandingly in reducing the emission of pollutants such as black smoke, odors, and tar, and can better meet the increasingly stringent environmental emission standards.

[0023] In terms of heat energy utilization, the high-temperature flue gas after homogenization treatment has more stable temperature and composition distribution characteristics, which not only facilitates the stable operation of the subsequent heat energy utilization system, but also improves the overall thermal efficiency and steam quality. From the perspective of engineering application, the modular design of the device simplifies the coupling process with the existing boiler system, has short modification cycle and low cost, and has good popularization and application prospect. This technical innovation provides a feasible technical solution for the energy-saving and emission-reducing upgrading and reconstruction of traditional coal-fired boilers, and has important significance in promoting energy structure transformation and solid waste resource utilization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a front view of Example 1.

[0025] Figure 2 is a top view of Example 1.

[0026] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a sectional view at A-A in the middle.

[0027] Figure 4 is Figure 2 a sectional view at B-B in the middle.

[0028] Figure 5 is Figure 2 a sectional view at C-C in the middle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The preferred embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present application, and are not used to limit the present application.

[0030] Example 1.

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, the present embodiment shows the application of coupling the solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device of the present application with the existing chain grate boiler.

[0032] The core components of the device include a solid waste reciprocating grate incinerator type solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1, a flue gas treatment chamber 2, a chain grate boiler type heat utilization system 3, and a fan system. During the operation of the device, the solid waste is first sent into the solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1, which adopts the structure of a reciprocating grate incinerator. The reciprocating grate is composed of staggered grate pieces, and the reciprocating movement of the grate pieces is controlled by a driving mechanism to push, turn and stir the solid waste, ensuring that the solid waste is in full contact with the combustion air entering the furnace, thereby efficiently performing the pyrolysis reaction. Combustion air blower 4 provides air to solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1, and by precisely controlling the air intake, the inside of pyrolysis chamber 1 is maintained in an oxygen-deficient or low-oxygen environment, promoting the thermal decomposition of solid waste under high temperature and low oxygen conditions to generate pyrolysis flue gas rich in combustible components, while producing solid residues. The solid residues produced by pyrolysis are finally discharged from the slagging machine 5 at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 1. The high-temperature flue gas generated by the pyrolysis chamber 1 is then introduced into the flue gas treatment chamber 2 connected thereto through the flue gas inlet 6.

[0033] As shown in Figure 1 , the flue gas treatment chamber 2 is the key innovation point of the present application, and its external structure adopts an arched top design. This structure can enhance the overall strength of the flue gas treatment chamber 2 and facilitate uniform flow of flue gas inside. The flue gas treatment chamber 2 is provided with three longitudinal partition walls, which are perpendicular to the direction of flue gas flow (as shown in Figure 1 from left to right), thereby dividing the treatment chamber into four flue gas flow channels. Each partition wall is provided with a flue gas passage.

[0034] As shown in Figure 2 , the flue gas inlet 6 is arranged at the lower half position of Figure 2 , and the first flue gas passage 8 is arranged at the relatively upper half position of Figure 2 on the first partition wall 7, and the second flue gas passage 9 is arranged at the relatively lower half position of Figure 2 , and so on until the flue gas outlet 10 is arranged at the relatively lower half position of Figure 1 . Such staggered arrangement can control the S-shaped movement of flue gas in the direction of Figure 2 top view.

[0035] As shown in Figure 3 , the first flue gas passage 8 is located at the lower left corner of the first partition wall 7. Correspondingly, as shown in Figure 4 , the second flue gas passage 9 is located at the upper right corner of the second partition wall 11, which makes the high-temperature flue gas also present an S-shaped flow route in the horizontal direction.

[0036] At the same time, the first flue gas passage 8 is located at the lower left corner of the first partition wall 7. Correspondingly, as shown in Figure 4 , the second flue gas passage 9 is located at the upper right corner of the second partition wall 11, which makes the high-temperature flue gas also present an S-shaped flow route in the horizontal direction.

[0036] At the same time, the first flue gas passage 8 is located at the near end of the first flue gas passage 8 (i.e. the shortest path of flue gas flowing through the passage, as shown in Figure 2As shown, the edge close to the flue gas inlet 6 is provided with a baffle 12. The baffle 12 is generally consistent with the length of the first flue gas passage 8 in the vertical direction and is fixed vertically on the first partition wall 7. The second flue gas passage 9 is also provided with a similar baffle 12 structure. These baffles 12 can generate turbulence when the flue gas passes through the flue gas passage, especially when the flue gas passage does not fully occupy the length of the partition wall in the vertical direction, the effect is more obvious.

[0037] As shown, Figure 2 and Figure 5 As shown, as the end structure of the flue gas treatment chamber 2, a partition wall 14 perpendicular to the third partition wall 13 is provided, and all cross sections of the third flue gas passage 18 and the fourth flue gas passage 20 are completely closed, and a plurality of flue gas small holes 15 are uniformly distributed on the partition wall 14. In order to optimize the effect of flue gas homogenization, the partition wall 14 is divided into upper, middle and lower parts in the height direction, and the flue gas small holes 15 are mainly arranged in the middle part.

[0038] The flow path of high-temperature flue gas in the flue gas treatment chamber 2 is that the flue gas first enters the flue gas inlet 6 of the flue gas treatment chamber 2 from the flue gas outlet 10 of the solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1, then flows through the first flue gas passage 16, the first flue gas passage 8, the second flue gas passage 17, the second flue gas passage 9 and the third flue gas passage 18 in turn, passes through the flue gas small holes 15 on the partition wall 14 for the first time, then passes through the third flue gas passage 19 to the fourth flue gas passage 20, then passes through the flue gas small holes 15 on the partition wall 14 for the second time, and finally is discharged from the flue gas outlet 10 of the flue gas treatment chamber 2. The plurality of flue gas passages, flue gas passages, flue gas inlets 6, flue gas outlets 10 and four flue gas passages together form a complex passage in the form of a labyrinthine corridor, ensuring that the flue gas travels in a winding way in the flue gas treatment chamber 2, thereby realizing the full mixing of the flue gas and the uniformization of the temperature and components.

[0039] The high-temperature flue gas fully homogenized in the flue gas treatment chamber 2 is introduced into the rear heat energy utilization system 3 after being discharged from the flue gas outlet 10. In this example, the form of chain grate boiler is adopted. In this system, the high-temperature flue gas from the flue gas treatment chamber 2 replaces a part of the coal as the auxiliary heat source of the chain grate boiler, and cooperates with the original coal combustion of the chain grate boiler to provide heat for the boiler, heat the water in the boiler, and generate steam or hot water. The chain grate boiler can continue to use coal or a small amount of biomass as a supplementary fuel to cooperate with the high-temperature flue gas to optimize the fuel structure. The rear heat energy utilization system 3 can also be a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, a sludge rotary kiln incinerator or a pulverized coal boiler, which will not be described again.

[0040] In order to guarantee the stable operation of the whole device and the smooth flow of flue gas, the device is equipped with a fan system, which includes a combustion air blower 4 and an induced draft fan. The combustion air blower 4 is responsible for supplying combustion air to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber 1, supporting the progress of the pyrolysis process, while also bearing the role of promoting the flow of flue gas. The induced draft fan is arranged in the heat energy utilization system 3 at the rear end, in this case, on the tail flue of the chain grate boiler, and its main function is to extract the flue gas in the system, overcome the system operating resistance, guarantee the stable flow of flue gas in the whole device, and transport the tail gas to the subsequent tail gas treatment system for purification treatment, and finally realize the standard emission. The induced draft fan is the core power source of the flue gas flow of the whole solid waste incineration heat energy utilization device.

[0041] Practice shows that by adopting the independent pyrolysis chamber 1 and the labyrinth corridor type flue gas treatment chamber 2 proposed by the utility model, the utilization efficiency of solid waste as fuel can be effectively improved, clean combustion of high proportion of solid waste and efficient recovery of heat energy can be realized, and after passing through the flue gas treatment chamber 2, the flue gas can reach a high temperature of about 1000℃, and can be flexibly coupled with various types of existing boiler systems, fully embodying the innovation and practical value of the utility model in the field of solid waste resource utilization.

[0042] It needs to be further emphasized that the above specific embodiments are only exemplary and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the utility model, and the up, down, left and right in them are also in the directions determined by the drawings. In actual application, those skilled in the art can make various adjustments and optimizations to the structure and parameters of the utility model device according to specific application scenarios and needs. For example, the number of flue gas treatment chamber partition walls can be adjusted according to the actual flue gas treatment effect, the structure of the partition wall and the distribution of the flue gas small hole are optimized, different forms of resistance flow structure are selected, and different types of heat energy utilization systems are selected according to the heat energy demand, etc. As long as the core design concept of the utility model is adopted, that is, an independent solid waste pyrolysis chamber is built, and a flue gas treatment chamber with a labyrinth corridor type flue gas flow passage is matched, so as to realize the device of solid waste incineration and efficient utilization of heat energy, which should be regarded as falling within the patent protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A device for utilizing thermal energy from solid waste incineration, comprising: A solid waste pyrolysis chamber is configured for pyrolysis treatment of solid waste; And the flue gas treatment room; The flue gas treatment chamber is characterized in that it is connected to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber, receives flue gas generated from the solid waste pyrolysis chamber through a flue gas inlet, and discharges the flue gas that has passed through the flue gas treatment chamber through a flue gas outlet; wherein, the internal space of the flue gas treatment chamber is divided into at least two flue gas channels by at least one partition wall perpendicular to the flue gas travel direction, and a flue gas passage is provided on the partition wall to connect the two adjacent flue gas channels, and the flue gas passage, flue gas inlet, flue gas outlet and flue gas channels together form a maze corridor structure, which makes the flue gas travel in a meandering manner in the flue gas treatment chamber.

2. The solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one partition wall is provided on the end partition wall near the flue gas outlet. The partition wall is perpendicular to the end partition wall and has multiple flue gas holes evenly distributed on it. The partition wall at least partially or completely closes off one flue gas flow channel.

3. The solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The partition wall is divided into an upper, middle and lower section, with the flue gas vent located in the middle section.

4. The solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas passage is positioned away from its adjacent flue gas inlet, flue gas outlet, or another flue gas passage; and the positions of two adjacent flue gas passages on the partition wall are staggered vertically.

5. The solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A baffle plate is provided at the near end of the flue gas passage.

6. The solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: It also includes a thermal energy utilization system configured to receive the flue gas discharged from the flue gas treatment chamber and recover and utilize the thermal energy in the flue gas.

7. The solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a fan system, which includes a combustion-supporting blower and an induced draft fan. The combustion-supporting blower is configured to provide combustion-supporting air to the solid waste pyrolysis chamber, and the induced draft fan is installed in the heat energy utilization system and configured to extract flue gas and provide power for the movement of flue gas in the heat energy utilization system.

8. The solid waste incineration thermal energy utilization device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The solid waste pyrolysis chamber is a solid waste reciprocating grate incinerator, and the heat energy utilization system is a chain grate boiler, a fluidized bed coal-fired boiler, a sludge rotary kiln incinerator, or a pulverized coal boiler.

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