Electrical fire early warning fire extinguishing circuit system and circuit

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of fire early warning and fire extinguishment, in particular to an electrical fire early warning and fire extinguishment circuit system, which comprises a smell data acquisition module used for detecting smell released by a wire body at high temperature and converting smell data into smell analog signals; the data processing module is connected to the odor data acquisition module and is used for receiving the odor analog signal, converting the odor analog signal into a particle value in a digital signal form and judging whether the particle value is enough to output an alarm signal and / or a fire extinguishing signal according to a preset particle threshold value; the alarm module is connected to the data processing module and is used for sending alarm information according to the alarm signal; and the fire extinguishing module is connected to the data processing module and used for starting fire extinguishing operation according to the fire extinguishing signal. According to the scheme, whether the wire body is in a fire hazard dangerous state or not can be judged in advance by detecting the smell released by the wire body under high-temperature conditions such as overload or short circuit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to fire early warning and fire extinguishing technical field especially, it relates to a kind of electrical fire early warning fire extinguishing circuit system, especially when cable short circuit or overload occurs, the circuit system of early warning fire danger by smell sensor detection particle change. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the early warning of electrical fire mostly relies on smoke detector and temperature sensor, for example, the invention with publication number CN118194218A discloses a kind of cable fire early warning method and system based on analytic hierarchy process and neural network.The method obtains the assigned data of cable fire sample, establishes fire risk assessment index system, utilizes analytic hierarchy process and neural network to carry out early warning to cable fire.However, the scheme mainly relies on the evaluation of fire risk, lacks real-time monitoring of temperature change inside cable, and cannot timely discover fire hazard caused by cable overheating.

[0003] In addition, the invention with publication number CN107331102A discloses a kind of intelligent centralized suction type cable fire very early warning device.The device sucks the smoke generated by cable fire, detects using smoke sensor, and realizes early warning to fire.However, smoke sensor usually detects smoke after fire occurs, there is a certain delay, and cannot timely discover fire hazard caused by cable overheating in early stage of fire.

[0004] With the development of pyrolysis particle type electrical fire monitoring detector, another fire early warning mode gradually attracts attention.Pyrolysis particle type detector can detect tiny particles released by electrical equipment in overheating or combustion process, thereby realizing early fire warning.For example, in the People's Republic of China mandatory national standard "Electrical Fire Monitoring System Part 5: Measurement of Pyrolysis Particle Type Electrical Fire Monitoring Detector", the definition, technical requirements, test method, etc.of pyrolysis particle type detector are specified in detail.However, there is no unified product national standard for existing pyrolysis particle type electrical fire monitoring detector, and product quality difference is large, especially in effectiveness, it is difficult to compare with dust and smoke detection, false positive rate is high, so a more reliable and efficient early fire warning system is urgently needed, to realize effective early fire warning, greatly improve the accuracy and effectiveness of early warning.

[0005] Therefore, a new fire early warning system is urgently needed in the industry, which can monitor the temperature of wire and cable (collectively referred to as line body in the case), the change of particle smell in real time, judge fire risk, and effectively identify fire hazard in advance, thereby improving the timeliness and accuracy of early warning. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0006] The utility model discloses a kind of electrical fire early warning fire extinguishing circuit systems, including:

[0007] The utility model discloses the following technical solutions to realize the above-mentioned purposes: a kind of electrical fire early warning fire extinguishing circuit system, including:

[0008] Odor data acquisition module, the multi-dimensional odor element released by line body under high temperature is detected and odor data is converted into multiple groups of odor simulation signals;

[0009] Data processing module is connected to odor data acquisition module, including microcontroller (MCU), for receiving odor simulation signal and converting, analyzing it as digital signal form particle value, and according to preset particle threshold value judges whether particle value is enough to output alarm signal and / or fire extinguishing signal;

[0010] Alarm module is connected to data processing module, for triggering local alarm device (such as buzzer, LED indicator) and / or remote alarm module (such as short message, APP notification) to send matching alarm information according to the particle determination result of data processing module (i.e. alarm signal output by data processing module);

[0011] Fire extinguishing module is connected to data processing module, for when the particle determination result of data processing module reaches dangerous threshold (i.e. fire extinguishing signal output by data processing module), automatically start to extinguish fire operation.

[0012] As a further scheme of the utility model: the odor data acquisition module includes:

[0013] Odor sensor module, for detecting the multi-element odor value or odor signal (including cable thermal release particle quantity, concentration, particle size, component etc.) of the space environment around line body and converting odor into odor simulation signal;And signal conditioning circuit is connected with odor sensor, for filtering and amplifying multi-dimensional odor simulation signal, and transmit to data processing module.

[0014] As a further scheme of the utility model: the data processing module includes:

[0015] A / D converter is connected with signal conditioning circuit, for converting odor simulation signal into odor digital signal;

[0016] Microcontroller is connected with A / D converter, for converting odor digital signal into digital signal form particle value, and output alarm signal and / or fire extinguishing signal;

[0017] A memory is connected with the microcontroller and used for storing particle threshold values.

[0018] As a further scheme of the utility model, the alarm module comprises:

[0019] A buzzer is connected with the microcontroller and used for emitting a sound alarm according to the alarm signal.

[0020] An LED indicator lamp is connected with the microcontroller and used for displaying an alarm light according to the alarm signal.

[0021] A wireless communication module is connected with the microcontroller and used for sending an alarm message according to the alarm signal.

[0022] As a further scheme of the utility model, the fire extinguishing module comprises:

[0023] A relay has a control end and a load end, and the control end of the relay is connected with the microcontroller.

[0024] A hot aerosol gas explosion device is connected with the load end of the relay.

[0025] The relay is used for controlling the hot aerosol gas explosion device to extinguish a fire source caused by overheating of the wire body, and the start and stop of the relay are controlled by the fire extinguishing signal output by the microcontroller.

[0026] As a further scheme of the utility model, the particle threshold values comprise a low-temperature threshold value, an emergency threshold value and a dangerous threshold value.

[0027] The microcontroller is further used for:

[0028] When the particle value reaches the low-risk threshold value, the microcontroller controls the alarm module to emit a low-risk alarm.

[0029] When the particle value reaches the medium-high-risk threshold value, the microcontroller controls the alarm module to emit a medium-risk alarm.

[0030] When the particle value reaches the high-risk threshold value, the microcontroller triggers a start signal of the fire extinguishing module or prompts manual intervention.

[0031] A national standard wire cable is set as follows: the low-temperature threshold value is 500, the emergency threshold value is 750, and the dangerous threshold value is 1200.

[0032] As a further scheme of the utility model, the system further comprises a power supply circuit used for providing stable power supply for the system.

[0033] The data processing module is embedded with a relationship model of particles and odor concentration, the model is obtained through training and can be adjusted according to actual conditions.

[0034] The utility model further provides another technical scheme: a fire warning and extinguishing circuit based on odor data, comprising:

[0035] An odor data acquisition circuit is configured to detect odor released by the cable at high temperature and convert the odor data into an odor analog signal;

[0036] A data processing circuit is connected to the odor data acquisition circuit and configured to receive the odor analog signal and convert it into a particle value in digital signal form, and determine whether the particle value in digital signal form is sufficient to output an alarm signal and / or a fire extinguishing signal according to a preset particle threshold value;

[0037] An alarm circuit is connected to the data processing circuit and configured to send an alarm information according to the alarm signal;

[0038] A fire extinguishing circuit is connected to the data processing circuit and configured to start a fire extinguishing operation according to the fire extinguishing signal.

[0039] The utility model has the advantages of:

[0040] Early warning: through odor data acquisition and particle judgment, the fire hazard of the cable is found in advance, and the alarm is sent earlier than the traditional particle sensor.

[0041] Multi-level alarm: the design of low-risk alarm, medium-risk alarm and fire extinguishing device ensures that the system can gradually increase the alarm intensity when the cable particle reaches different levels, and timely reminds the relevant personnel.

[0042] Automatic fire extinguishing: when the particle exceeds the high-risk threshold value, the system can automatically start the fire extinguishing module and its fire extinguishing device or prompt manual intervention, avoid fire spreading, and protect the safety of equipment and personnel.

[0043] Loss reduction: through effective early warning and fire extinguishing, equipment damage and personnel casualties are reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 It is a module interface circuit diagram, which describes the connection mode of power input and debugging interface.

[0045] Figure 2 It is an external device interface circuit diagram, which describes the connection with external devices (such as PMS device, sensor module).

[0046] Figure 3 It is a state indicating lamp circuit diagram, which describes the working principle of LED display state.

[0047] Figure 4 It is a debugging interface and reset circuit diagram, which describes the connection of debugging and reset signals.

[0048] Figure 5 It is a SIM module circuit diagram, which describes the connection of SIM card and external communication network.

[0049] Figure 6 The power management circuit diagram describes the power stabilizing circuit and voltage distribution mode.

[0050] Figure 7 The temperature and humidity sensor circuit diagram describes the data acquisition and transmission of the temperature and humidity sensor.

[0051] Figure 8 The gas sensor circuit diagram describes the data processing and transmission of the gas sensor.

[0052] Figure 9 The alarm module circuit diagram describes the working principle and control circuit of the alarm module.

[0053] Figure 10 The circuit schematic diagram of another part of the present application relates to Type-C interface and VBUS, mainly used for power supply and data transmission.

[0054] Figure 11 The signal conversion and level adaptation circuit diagram describes the signal adaptation and level conversion process.

[0055] Figure 12 The RS485 communication circuit diagram describes the design and connection mode of the RS485 communication interface.

[0056] Figure 13 The PMS control circuit diagram describes the PMS device reset and setting control circuit.

[0057] Figure 14 The external connection circuit diagram describes the connection between external devices and modules.

[0058] Figure 15 The signal conditioning circuit describes the circuit design of signal amplification and driving device.

[0059] Figure 16 The flowchart diagram of one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application. It can be understood that the drawings are only provided for reference and illustration, and are not used to limit the present application. The connection relationship shown in the drawings is only for clear description, and does not limit the connection mode.

[0061] It is to be noted that when an element such as a layer, film, region or substrate is referred to as being "on" or "connected to" another element, it can be directly on or connected to the other element or intervening elements can be present. In addition, it is to be noted that when a layer is referred to as being "formed on" another layer or substrate, the layer can be formed directly on the other layer or substrate or intervening layers can be present. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0062] As shown in Figures 1-16 The fire warning circuit system of the present application includes an odor data acquisition module, a data processing module, an alarm module and a fire extinguishing module. An odor sensor (such as an MQ-7 gas sensor) is used to detect the odor released by the cable under high temperature, and the signal is amplified by a signal conditioning circuit and then transmitted to the data processing module. The microcontroller MCU determines the particle of the cable according to the relationship between the odor data and the cable particle, and triggers the alarm module or the fire extinguishing module. The alarm module includes a buzzer and an LED indicator, which will issue a low temperature warning when the particle reaches 150°C, and an emergency warning when the particle reaches 165°C, and can be powered off. If the particle reaches 180°C or higher, the system will trigger the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire. Among them:

[0063] Odor data acquisition module: The odor data collected by the odor sensor is transmitted to the signal conditioning circuit, which amplifies and filters the data and then transmits it to the data processing module through an A / D converter.

[0064] Data processing module: The data processing module includes a microcontroller (MCU) that receives data from the odor data acquisition module and calculates the particle of the cable or wire body according to the odor-particle algorithm of the threshold value. Then, according to the calculation result, it is judged whether the alarm threshold is reached, and the alarm module (buzzer, LED, SMS, etc.) and the fire extinguishing module are controlled.

[0065] Alarm module: When the data processing module determines that the particle reaches the warning value, the alarm module will trigger the corresponding alarm (buzzer, LED indicator) and transmit the alarm information to the remote device (such as mobile phone, computer) through the wireless communication module.

[0066] Fire extinguishing module: When the data processing module detects that the particle reaches the high temperature threshold value (for example, 180°C), it will control the thermal aerosol gas explosion device through the relay to start the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire.

[0067] In this scheme, each module cooperates through precise connection relationship to realize an automatic fire warning and extinguishing system. The odor sensor and signal conditioning circuit provide key data input for the system, the data processing module judges through the preset odor-particle relationship program, and executes corresponding emergency operation through the alarm module and the fire extinguishing module. In this way, the system can detect the particle anomaly of the cable in advance, issue a warning in time, and even automatically extinguish the fire, greatly improving the efficiency of fire prevention and emergency response.

[0068] In detail:

[0069] 1. Odor data acquisition module (responsible for collecting odor data released by the cable):

[0070] The odor data acquisition module includes an odor sensor (such as a metal oxide gas sensor or a semiconductor gas sensor) and a signal conditioning circuit. Among them, the odor sensor detects the odor around the cable and converts the odor into an electrical signal (i.e. odor analog signal). The signal conditioning circuit filters and amplifies the signal so that it can be transmitted to the data processing module (specifically the MCU) for further processing.

[0071] The odor sensor, such as the MQ series gas sensor (such as MQ-7, MQ-135, etc.). These sensors are responsible for detecting the odor released by the cable and outputting an odor analog signal. Among them, the output of the odor sensor (analog signal) is connected to the signal conditioning circuit for signal amplification and filtering. Figure 8 (Gas sensor circuit diagram): Data processing and transmission of gas sensor. This part is directly responsible for the collection and preliminary processing of odor data and is the core of the odor data acquisition module.

[0072] The signal conditioning circuit includes an operational amplifier (Op-Amp) and a filter. It is used to amplify the sensor signal and filter it so that the signal is suitable for transmission to the data processing module. Among them, the signal processed by the signal conditioning circuit is transmitted to the data processing module through the A / D converter. See Figure 15 (Signal conditioning circuit), signal amplification and driving device circuit design, which ensures the effective amplification and transmission of the odor sensor signal, enhances the function of the odor data acquisition module.

[0073] The odor data acquisition module also includes a temperature and humidity sensor circuit ( Figure 7), data acquisition and transmission for temperature and humidity sensor. Although not direct odor data, environmental temperature and humidity data can assist the data processing module to make more accurate particle judgment and fire risk assessment. Temperature and humidity sensor circuit odor data acquisition module is associated, especially when the odor data acquisition module needs to combine environmental parameters (such as temperature and humidity) to judge the accuracy of fire warning, temperature and humidity data may be passed as auxiliary input to the data processing module.

[0074] 2. Data processing module (responsible for processing the collected odor data and judging particles):

[0075] The data processing module includes a microcontroller (MCU), an A / D converter, and a memory. The microcontroller (MCU) is preloaded with an odor-particle relationship program or algorithm. The data processing module receives signals from the odor data acquisition module and converts them into digital signals using the A / D converter. The microcontroller (MCU) calculates the cable's surface and internal particles using the built-in odor-particle relationship program, outputs the particle value in digital signal form, and then decides whether to trigger an alarm based on the particle threshold.

[0076] The microcontroller (MCU) is responsible for receiving odor data and executing preloaded algorithms to judge cable particles. Typical microcontrollers include STM32, ESP32, etc. The microcontroller (MCU) receives A / D converted data from the signal conditioning circuit; calculates whether the particle reaches the alarm threshold based on the odor data and pre-set particle relationship; controls the alarm module and fire extinguishing module to perform corresponding actions. See Figure 1 The module interface circuit is used for power input and debugging interface connection, providing power supply and debugging interface for the entire system; the microcontroller (MCU) communicates data and configures with external devices (such as debugging tools) through this interface.

[0077] The A / D converter converts analog signals into digital signals for the microcontroller (MCU) to process. The output of the A / D converter is connected to the digital input port of the microcontroller (MCU).

[0078] The memory is used to store particle threshold, odor-particle relationship data, and system status. The memory is connected to the microcontroller (MCU) through I2C or SPI bus.

[0079] The data processing module also includes a power management circuit, a debugging interface and reset circuit, a signal conversion and level adaptation circuit, an RS485 communication circuit, and a PMS control circuit. Among them:

[0080] The debugging interface and reset circuit ( Figure 4 ) is used for debugging interface and reset signal, as well as program debugging of MCU and system reset.

[0081] Signal conversion and level adaptation circuit ( Figure 11 This circuit diagram describes the signal adaptation and level conversion process involved in data processing modules (such as A / D converters and microcontrollers), ensuring signal compatibility between different circuits.

[0082] Power management circuit ( Figure 6 This is used for power supply regulation and voltage distribution, providing a stable power supply to various modules of the system. Data processing modules typically require a stable power supply. Figure 6 The power supply regulation circuit and voltage distribution method are described to ensure that the data processing module and other modules can obtain the required power.

[0083] RS485 communication circuit Figure 12 The RS485 communication interface is designed and connected to enable remote monitoring and control, allowing data to be uploaded to a cloud platform or remote monitoring center. The RS485 communication interface circuit diagram reveals the design and connection methods for RS485 communication, indicating its use for communication between the data processing module and external devices (such as other sensors, monitoring systems, etc.).

[0084] PMS control circuit ( Figure 13 If the data processing module needs to control the PMS device (e.g., by issuing control signals through a microcontroller), this figure describes the reset and setup control circuitry of the PMS device.

[0085] 3. Alarm module (responsible for issuing early warning signals based on the processing results):

[0086] The alarm module includes a buzzer, LED indicator lights, and a wireless communication module (such as an SMS module or a Wi-Fi module). Based on the particle judgment results from the data processing module, the alarm module triggers the corresponding alarm operation. The LED indicator lights and buzzer emit local alarms, while the SMS module transmits the alarm information to remote devices via the wireless network.

[0087] A buzzer is used to issue an audible alarm. The buzzer is controlled either by a relay or directly by a microcontroller (MCU) to trigger the alarm when particles reach a threshold. See also Figure 9 The alarm module circuit, the working principle and control circuit of the alarm module, including the drive circuit of other alarm devices such as buzzers.

[0088] LED indicator lights are used to display alarm status (e.g., red for danger, green for normal). The positive and negative terminals of the LED indicator are connected to the output of the microcontroller, which controls the LED's on / off state based on the particle detection result. See also Figure 3For the status indicator light circuit, including LED indicator light, LED indicator light shows the working principle of the state, for local alarm state indication.

[0089] Wireless communication module (such as SMS module, Wi-Fi module), used to send alarm signals to remote devices such as mobile phones or computers. Among them, the wireless communication module is connected with the microcontroller through the UART or SPI interface to transmit alarm information. For example, see Figure 5 The SIM module circuit, the connection of the SIM card with the external communication network, is used for wireless communication to realize the remote alarm function. For example, in the mobile phone, the following steps can be implemented: open the WeChat scan experience version QR code, the first access needs to be authorized by the administrator, and then scan again after authorization; open the applet, click the three dots in the upper right corner to open the debug mode, and re-enter the applet; add device, input device ID: 00000004, confirmation code: xwzh2024, add device, wait for data reporting; when the temperature sensor or detector or system reports the odor characteristic value reaching the third alarm threshold, the corresponding degree of alarm or alarm prompt will appear, such as any one of low, medium and high alarm; when reaching high alarm for 10 seconds, the device will connect the fire extinguishing device to automatically release and light red, which needs to be powered off for 10 seconds to restart the device to restore.

[0090] 4. Fire extinguishing module (responsible for automatic fire extinguishing when particles reach dangerous value):

[0091] The fire extinguishing module includes a thermal aerosol gas explosion device, a relay, and a control circuit. Among them, when the data processing module judges that the cable particles are too high, the fire extinguishing module will be triggered. The relay controls the thermal aerosol gas explosion device to automatically start the fire extinguishing operation.

[0092] Thermal aerosol gas explosion device, used for automatic fire extinguishing. Among them, the thermal aerosol gas device is connected to the microcontroller through the relay. When the particles reach the predetermined value, the microcontroller controls the fire extinguishing device to start through the relay.

[0093] Relay, used for switching control of high-voltage load such as thermal aerosol gas explosion device or other fire extinguishing device. Among them, the control end of the relay is controlled by the microcontroller (MCU), and the load end is connected to the thermal aerosol gas explosion device.

[0094] Control circuit, see Figure 13 PMS control circuit diagram, for PMS device reset and setting control circuit, PMS control circuit can be used to control the fire extinguishing module, for example, to start the thermal aerosol gas explosion device or other fire extinguishing device. In this scheme, the fire extinguishing module is controlled by the relay to control the thermal aerosol gas explosion device, and Figure 13 The PMS control circuit diagram of

[0095] In addition, the fire extinguishing module further comprises Figure 2 The external device interface circuit diagram of the fire extinguishing module can be connected with external devices (such as PMS devices, sensor modules). The fire extinguishing module further comprises Figure 14 The external connection circuit diagram of the fire extinguishing module is used to connect the signal lines between the fire extinguishing module and other modules (such as data processing modules).

[0096] Among them, the odor sensor can adopt GT-XXC-IN001 odor detector. GT-XXC-IN001 odor detector is suitable for high-voltage distribution cabinet, low-voltage distribution cabinet, power transmission switch cabinet, server cabinet, computer room, generator cabinet and other relatively closed places that need to detect early fire hazards. GT-XXC-IN001 odor detector is mainly used for monitoring the change of odor characteristic value in the protected area. When the electrical appliances and cables are overloaded and overheated to the critical particle (150-220), the particle size generated by pyrolysis is small, and when it exceeds the particle, the particle size generated by pyrolysis is large, and the proportion increases. The core of the intelligent bionic electronic nose detects the dynamic odor, particle value change concentration of the heat release particles generated by the overload of the wire and cable, and alarms when it reaches the alarm threshold through the super-high sensitivity odor and photoelectric detection.

[0097] It also needs to be mentioned that in the prior art, there are also various methods for establishing a relationship model between particles and odor concentration. For example:

[0098] 1. Patent CN111397996B proposes an odor standard gas preparation method based on the relationship between odor intensity and concentration. The method obtains n-butanol gas with different concentrations through gas dilution method, and draws the intensity-concentration curve of n-butanol through the rating of multiple odor evaluators, thereby establishing a relationship model between odor intensity and concentration.

[0099] 2. The research paper "Study on the Odor Characteristics and Volatile Components of Brown Coal Spontaneous Combustion" disclosed in the link "https: / / tyutjournal.tyut.edu.cn / tylgxbwx / 2021 / 202101 / %E5%A4%AA%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86%E5%B7%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%A6%E6%8A%A5202101008.html" discusses the relationship between odor concentration and particles during coal spontaneous combustion. The study found that during coal spontaneous combustion, the total odor concentration increases first and then decreases with the increase of coal temperature, and reaches a maximum value at a certain particle. These existing technologies show that the relationship model between particles and odor concentration can be obtained by those skilled in the art based on existing technologies. Therefore, the particle and odor concentration relationship model embedded in the data processing module is obtained by training and can be adjusted according to actual conditions, which conforms to the conventional method of existing technologies.

[0100] It needs to be further supplemented in conjunction with the drawings:

[0101] Figure 1 : Module interface circuit, with power interface (VBAT) and debugging interface (such as DBG_TXD, DBG_RXD), these interfaces are used to provide power for the system, and connect external debugging devices for debugging. The VBAT end is the battery power input, which provides power for the whole system. The DBG_TXD end and the DBG_RXD end are debugging signals, through which information can be transmitted to the debugging device to help developers view the device status.

[0102] Figure 6 : Power module, the function of the power module is to convert the input voltage of 12V into the required 5V and other voltages of the device. U260 is a voltage stabilizing chip that converts the input 12V voltage to 5V voltage for use by other parts of the system. R263 resistor helps stabilize the voltage. C261 capacitor and C262 capacitor help filter out unstable current to maintain stable voltage. Figure 1 The VBAT power supply in Figure 6 is connected to the voltage stabilizing module (U260) in , which converts 12V to 5V for the entire system. Figure 6 The capacitors and resistors in ensure stable voltage, allowing the subsequent circuit to work normally.

[0103] Figure 7 : Temperature and humidity sensor module, U106 is an AHT20 temperature and humidity sensor, used to measure particles and humidity. SDA and SCL are signal lines of I2C interface, used for data transmission, the output of the sensor is transmitted to the microcontroller or main processing unit through these lines. C314 capacitor and R235 resistor are used to ensure the stability of data transmission.Figure 7 SDA, SCL signal lines in Figure 1 microcontroller MCU and Figure 2 I2C interface of, for transmitting temperature and humidity data. Data is sent through the I2C bus, ensuring stable data exchange between the temperature and humidity sensor and the processing unit (i.e., the microcontroller).

[0104] Figure 8 : Gas sensor module. Among them, U105 is MICS-5524 gas sensor, used to detect gas concentration (such as ammonia, nitrogen dioxide, etc.). MICS_ADC is an interface for converting analog signals to digital signals, processed through an A / D converter (analog-to-digital conversion). Figure 8 Sensor output in connected to the microcontroller through the MICS_ADC interface for gas concentration data collection. Capacitors and resistors work together to ensure the stability of the sensor signal.

[0105] Figure 11 : Level conversion and signal adaptation module. Among them, U300, U302, U304 are level conversion chips, used to convert signals of different voltages to ensure normal communication between different modules. R328, R329, R324 resistors are used for current limiting to ensure that the circuit will not be damaged by overcurrent. SDA, SCL, UART are signal lines connecting communication between different modules. In different modules, signal level conversion is needed to ensure compatibility. For example, the 3.3V signal of the microcontroller needs to be converted to a 1.8V signal through the level conversion chip to ensure correct data transmission.

[0106] Figure 12 : RS485 communication module. Among them, U310 is an RS485 transceiver for long-distance, anti-interference communication. R311, R312 resistors ensure signal stability. 485_A and 485_B are RS485 differential signal lines to ensure accurate data transmission. The RS485 module is used for communication between the system and external devices. The microcontroller exchanges data with external devices through the RS485 bus, ensuring stable data transmission over long distances and low noise.

[0107] Figure 13 : PMS control module. Among them, PMS_RST and PMS_SET are signal lines for controlling the reset and setting of PMS devices. Q311 and Q312 are triodes for controlling the switching of signals. The microcontroller controls the working state of the PMS device through the PMS_RST and PMS_SET signal lines. When the system detects certain conditions (such as high particle concentration), the microcontroller will send a reset or set signal to adjust the state of the PMS device.

[0108] Figure 9: Alarm module. Here, WF250-04PWB is the alarm, used to emit sound or other signals when a dangerous situation is detected. Q206 and Q207 transistors are used to control the switching of the alarm. R229 and R230 resistors are used to control the working state of the transistors. When the system detects a dangerous situation (such as particle concentration exceeding the set threshold), the control unit will control the transistors to turn on the alarm, emitting an alarm signal.

[0109] Figure 14 : External connection and control. Here, PMS signal interfaces are used to communicate with external devices through interfaces such as PMS_RESET and PMS_SET, controlling the reset and setting of the device. R337 resistor is used for signal stabilization. When the system triggers an alarm or other response, control signals are transmitted to external devices through these signal interfaces.

[0110] Figure 15 : Amplification and driving module. U380 (MAX2082) is an operational amplifier used for signal amplification. C380 and C381 capacitors are used for filtering. L380 and L381 are inductive elements used to amplify signals and drive external speakers or other output devices. After the sensor data is processed, the microcontroller controls this module to amplify signals and drive external speakers or devices.

[0111] In this scheme, the control process and signal flow of the system are as follows:

[0112] 1. Sensor data collection: Temperature and humidity sensor ( Figure 7 ) and gas sensor ( Figure 8 ) collect environmental data. Data is transmitted to the microcontroller through SDA and SCL (I2C signal) or MICS_ADC (ADC signal).

[0113] 2. Data processing and control decision: The microcontroller determines whether to trigger an alarm based on sensor data. If the particle, humidity, or gas concentration exceeds the threshold, the microcontroller decides to start the alarm.

[0114] 3. Alarm and response: The microcontroller drives the alarm ( Figure 9 ) through the control of Q206 and Q207 transistors, emitting an alarm. Control signals are also transmitted to the PMS device ( Figure 13 ) for reset or setting, ensuring that the device responds according to the situation.

[0115] 4. External device interface: The microcontroller exchanges data with external devices through RS485 or USB interfaces. Through these interfaces, the system can interconnect with external monitoring systems or other devices for data synchronization or control.

[0116] In order to verify the effectiveness of the scheme, we conducted an experiment. In the experiment, we placed the odor sensor near the cable and gradually heated the cable. The odor sensor can detect the odor released by the cable at high temperature and convert it into an electrical signal. The microcontroller MCU determines the particles of the cable according to the relationship between the odor data and the cable particles, and triggers the alarm module or the fire extinguishing module. The experimental results show that the scheme can early warn the fire risk of the cable. The odor sensor detects the abnormality of the cable earlier than the traditional particle sensor. When the cable particles reach 150℃, the system issues a low-temperature warning to remind the relevant personnel. When the cable particles reach 165℃, the system issues an emergency warning and can choose to power off. If the particles reach 180℃ or higher, the system will trigger the fire extinguishing device to extinguish the fire source. In order to better illustrate the performance of the odor sensor, we refer to the experimental method in "Electrical Fire Monitoring System Part 5: Measurement of Pyrolytic Particle Type Electrical Fire Monitoring Detector", and use polyvinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and FR-4 epoxy resin glass cloth laminated board as the main pyrolysis material to test the detection and alarm performance.

[0117] Finally, it should be noted that: the skilled in the art will cross-reference or superimpose each embodiment of the present scheme, which still belongs to the original disclosure range of the present scheme. In addition, the above-mentioned is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and does not limit the present application, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuit system, characterized in that, The system comprises: an odor data acquisition module for detecting the odor released by the wire body at high temperature and converting the odor data into an odor analog signal; a data processing module connected to the odor data acquisition module, for receiving the odor analog signal and converting it into a particle value in the form of a digital signal, and judging whether the particle value is sufficient to output an alarm signal and / or a fire extinguishing signal according to a preset particle threshold value; an alarm module connected to the data processing module, for issuing alarm information according to the alarm signal; a fire extinguishing module connected to the data processing module, for starting fire extinguishing operation according to the fire extinguishing signal.

2. The electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuitry of claim 1, wherein, The odor data acquisition module comprises: an odor sensor module for detecting the odor signal of the space environment around the wire body and converting the odor signal into an odor analog signal; and a signal conditioning circuit connected to the odor sensor, for filtering and amplifying the multi-dimensional odor analog signal and transmitting it to the data processing module.

3. The electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuitry of claim 2, wherein, The data processing module comprises: an A / D converter connected to the signal conditioning circuit, for converting the odor analog signal into an odor digital signal; a microcontroller connected to the A / D converter, for converting the odor digital signal into a particle value in the form of a digital signal, and outputting an alarm signal and / or a fire extinguishing signal; a memory connected to the microcontroller, for storing the particle threshold value.

4. The electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuitry of claim 3, wherein, The alarm module comprises: a buzzer connected to the microcontroller, for issuing an audible alarm according to the alarm signal; an LED indicator light connected to the microcontroller, for displaying an alarm light according to the alarm signal; a wireless communication module connected to the microcontroller, for issuing alarm information according to the alarm signal.

5. The electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuitry of claim 3, wherein, The fire extinguishing module comprises: a relay having a control end and a load end, the control end of the relay being connected to the microcontroller; a hot aerosol gas explosion device connected to the load end of the relay; wherein the relay is used to control the hot aerosol gas explosion device to extinguish the fire source caused by overheating of the wire body, and the start and stop of the relay are controlled by the fire extinguishing signal output by the microcontroller.

6. The electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuitry of claim 1, wherein, The particle threshold value comprises a low-risk threshold value, a medium-risk threshold value and a high-risk threshold value; The microcontroller is further used to: control the alarm module to issue a low-risk alarm when the particle value reaches the low-risk threshold value; control the alarm module to issue a medium-risk alarm when the particle value reaches the medium-risk threshold value; trigger the start signal of the fire extinguishing module or prompt manual intervention when the particle value reaches the high-risk threshold value.

7. The electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuitry of claim 6, wherein: For a national standard cable, the low-temperature threshold value is 500, the emergency threshold value is 750, and the danger threshold value is 1200.

8. The electrical fire warning and extinguishing circuitry of claim 1, wherein, The system further comprises a power supply circuit for providing stable power supply for the system; The data processing module is embedded with a relationship model of particles and odor concentration.

9. A fire warning and extinguishing circuit based on odor data, characterized by The system comprises: an odor data acquisition circuit for detecting the odor released by the wire body at high temperature and converting the odor data into an odor analog signal; a data processing circuit connected to the odor data acquisition circuit, for receiving the odor analog signal and converting it into a particle value in the form of a digital signal, and judging whether the particle value is sufficient to output an alarm signal and / or a fire extinguishing signal according to a preset particle threshold value; an alarm circuit connected to the data processing circuit, for issuing alarm information according to the alarm signal; A fire extinguishing circuit is connected to the data processing circuit and is used to start a fire extinguishing operation according to a fire extinguishing signal.

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