Simulation device for analyzing collapse trajectory of dangerous rock mass

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of dangerous rock mass simulation devices, and provides a simulation device for analyzing a collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass, the simulation device comprises a mounting plate, the mounting plate is provided with a plurality of placement through holes arranged at intervals; a plurality of filling boxes are arranged, each filling box is arranged in one placement through hole in a sliding mode, the filling boxes are filled with materials used for simulating the real ground, and after the filling boxes are subjected to extrusion force of the dangerous rock mass falling down along the mounting plate, the filling boxes move downwards along the placement through holes. By means of the technical scheme, the technical problem that in the prior art, the collapse and rolling track of the dangerous rock mass cannot be visually observed on the hard ground is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the technical field of dangerous rock mass simulation device, in particular, to a simulation device for analyzing dangerous rock mass collapse trajectory. BACKGROUND

[0002] Rock mass collapse disaster seriously threatens human life and property safety and the stable operation of various engineering facilities, therefore, accurately grasping the dangerous rock mass collapse trajectory is crucial for disaster warning, protection engineering design, etc. At present, in the research of analyzing dangerous rock mass collapse trajectory, simulation devices are often needed to carry out related experiments.

[0003] The traditional simulation device usually adopts a sand table as a simulation ground device, which is only suitable for soft ground environment such as sand and soil, because the soft ground environment can leave the dangerous rock mass collapse rolling trajectory, but for hard ground, it is impossible to leave the dangerous rock mass collapse rolling trajectory, and after the simulation test is completed, the dangerous rock mass collapse rolling trajectory cannot be observed, and the existing simulation ground structure is often fixed and single, and it is difficult to flexibly adapt to the change of extrusion force generated by the falling of different dangerous rock masses, and when facing dangerous rock masses of different mass, shape and falling speed, the corresponding ground deformation effect cannot be presented. CONTENT OF THE INVENTION

[0004] In order to overcome the above defects, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a simulation device for analyzing dangerous rock mass collapse trajectory, which solves the technical problem that the dangerous rock mass collapse rolling trajectory cannot be directly observed on the hard ground in the prior art.

[0005] According to one aspect, at least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a simulation device for analyzing dangerous rock mass collapse trajectory, comprising:

[0006] The mounting plate has a plurality of placement through holes arranged at intervals;

[0007] The filling box has a plurality of filling boxes, each of which is slidingly arranged in one of the placement through holes, the filling box is filled with material for simulating the real ground, and the filling box moves downward along the placement through hole after being extruded by the dangerous rock mass falling along the mounting plate.

[0008] Optionally, a foam fence is arranged on the top surface of the filling box in the circumferential direction, the top surface of the foam fence is higher than the top surface of the placement through hole, and the foam fence is used to block the material for simulating the real ground located at the top of the filling box.

[0009] Optionally, the simulation device for analyzing dangerous rock mass collapse trajectory further comprises:

[0010] A fixed frame is arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate, and the fixed frame is arranged in parallel with the mounting plate;

[0011] A plurality of marking rods are arranged on the fixed frame in intervals, and each of the marking rods corresponds to one of the filling boxes. One end of each of the marking rods is abutted to the bottom of the corresponding filling box, and the other end of each of the marking rods penetrates through the fixed frame and extends below the bottom of the fixed frame.

[0012] A marking plate is arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame, and the top surface of the marking plate has a gap with the bottom surface of the fixed frame. The gap is used to provide a moving space for the marking rods. After the filling boxes drive the marking rods to move downward and contact the marking plate, the marking rods are used to mark points on the marking plate.

[0013] Optionally, one end of each of the marking rods close to the marking plate is provided with an elastic pressing head, and the elastic pressing head is used to absorb dye for marking.

[0014] Optionally, the simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of the dangerous rock mass further comprises:

[0015] A tension spring is arranged at one end of the fixed frame and at the other end of the marking rod. The tension spring is used to provide a force for the marking rod and the filling box to move upward into the placing through hole.

[0016] A limiting locking member is arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame. The marking rod slides through the limiting locking member. The limiting locking member is used to limit the marking rod after being extruded and moving downward.

[0017] Optionally, the limiting locking member comprises:

[0018] A box body is arranged on the fixed frame. The marking rod penetrates through the box body and extends to the outside of the bottom surface of the box body.

[0019] A rotating disc is arranged in the box body through a rotating shaft.

[0020] A gear is arranged on the rotating shaft and located at one side of the rotating disc. The marking rod has a toothed portion, and the marking rod is engaged with the gear through the toothed portion.

[0021] A ratchet wheel is arranged on the rotating shaft and located at the other side of the rotating disc.

[0022] A pawl is arranged on the inner wall of the box body. The pawl is engaged with the ratchet wheel. After the ratchet wheel cooperates with the pawl, the ratchet wheel is used to prevent the marking rod from moving under the action of the tension spring.

[0023] Optionally, the box body is internally reserved with a translation space for axial movement of the rotating disc along the rotating shaft, and the rotating disc drives the ratchet wheel to move axially along the rotating shaft in the translation space away from the side of the pawl, so that the ratchet wheel and the pawl are disengaged.

[0024] Optionally, the limiting locking member further comprises:

[0025] The unlocking rods are coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft, and the unlocking rods are used to push the rotating shaft to move along the axial direction of the rotating shaft, so that the rotating shaft drives the rotating disc to move along the translation space.

[0026] Optionally, the simulation device for analyzing the collapse track of the dangerous rock mass further comprises:

[0027] The mounting plate is hingedly connected to the support at one end portion;

[0028] The lifting rod is arranged on the support, and the movable end of the lifting rod is hingedly connected to the other end portion of the mounting plate, and the lifting rod is used to change the inclination angle of the mounting plate.

[0029] Optionally, the two end portions of the mounting plate are a placement area and a blocking area, respectively, the placement area is used to place the dangerous rock mass, and the blocking area is used to block the dangerous rock mass, and the position of the placement area is higher than that of the blocking area after the mounting plate is placed obliquely.

[0030] The embodiments of the present disclosure have the following beneficial effects:

[0031] In the present disclosure, before the experiment starts, the inside of the filling box needs to be filled first, the filling box is filled one by one with the materials required for the simulation test, and then the filling box is placed one by one in the placement through hole of the mounting plate at a suitable position according to the ground or slope layout of the simulation environment, and it is ensured that it can slide freely. Subsequently, according to the experimental setting, select the simulation dangerous rock mass with appropriate mass and shape, and directly release the dangerous rock mass when the mounting plate is placed obliquely. The simulation dangerous rock mass accelerates under the action of gravity and high-speed impacts the top of the filling box. The filling box is instantaneously subjected to strong extrusion force, which is greater than the static friction force between the filling box and the wall of the placement through hole, and the filling box starts to overcome the friction force and move downward along the placement through hole. In the moving process, the simulation material in the filling box will deform and displace to a certain extent due to the impact, simulating the response of the real ground under the action of the dangerous rock mass. Unlike the traditional sand table which can only simulate soft ground environment, the present device can effectively simulate hard ground conditions through the cooperation of the filling box and the mounting plate. The downward movement of the filling box directly reflects the position and degree of the action of the dangerous rock mass on the ground, and by recording the downward movement of the filling box at different positions, the collapse track of the dangerous rock mass can be directly observed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the example embodiments of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings according to the content of the example embodiments of the present disclosure and these drawings without any creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the mounting plate and the filling box in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the mounting plate and the filling box in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A in the embodiment;

[0035] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the mounting plate, the marker plate and the bracket in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1 Enlarged view of part B in the embodiment;

[0036] Figure 4 Structure diagram of the mounting plate in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 1 Enlarged view of part C in the embodiment;

[0037] Figure 5 Structure diagram of the mounting plate in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 4 Enlarged view of part B in the embodiment;

[0038] Figure 6 Structure diagram of the limiting locking member in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 7 Structure diagram of the limiting locking member in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 6 Enlarged view of part C in the embodiment;

[0040] Figure 8 Structure diagram of the limiting locking member in an embodiment of the present disclosure; Figure 7 Enlarged view of part C in the embodiment.

[0041] In the drawings: 1, mounting plate, 101, through hole, 102, placement area, 103, blocking area, 2, filling box, 3, foam barrier, 4, fixed frame, 5, limiting locking member, 501, box body, 502, rotating disc, 503, gear, 504, ratchet, 505, pawl, 506, translation space, 507, rotating shaft, 6, marker rod, 601, elastic pressing head, 602, toothed part, 7, tension spring, 8, marker plate, 801, gap, 9, bracket, 10, lifting rod, 11, unlocking rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The present disclosure will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments. It can be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present disclosure, but not to limit the present disclosure.

[0043] For the purpose of clarity, only the parts of the apparatus that are pertinent to the disclosure have been shown in each of the drawings, and these do not necessarily represent the actual size or shape of the product. In addition, for the purpose of clarity, in some of the drawings, only one of a plurality of similar components or features is shown, or only one of a plurality of similar components or features is labeled. In this document, "a" or "an" can mean one or more than one.

[0044] In this document, unless otherwise clearly indicated and limited, the terms "mount", "connected", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be direct connection, can also be indirect connection through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present disclosure can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0045] In the present disclosure, unless otherwise clearly indicated and limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the first feature "on", "above" and "over" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is higher than the second feature in horizontal height. The first feature "under", "below" and "under" the second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is lower than the second feature in horizontal height.

[0046] In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "up", "down", "left", "right" and other orientation or position relationships are based on the orientation or position relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present disclosure.

[0047] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0048] As Figures 1-8As shown, this invention discloses a simulation device for analyzing the trajectory of a rockfall collapse, comprising a mounting plate 1, which is a rectangular metal plate or a rectangular frame structure. The length direction of the mounting plate 1 is the falling direction of the rockfall. Several equally spaced placement through holes 101 are provided on the mounting plate 1. The through holes 101 are closely arranged, and the shape of the through holes 101 can be rectangular or polygonal. For example, if the through hole 101 is hexagonal, then the arrangement of adjacent through holes 101 can be in a honeycomb pattern. The purpose of this is mainly to reduce the distance between two adjacent through holes 101. However, it is not recommended that the through holes 101 be circular or elliptical or other arc-shaped, because arc-shaped shapes will have a large gap 801 between two adjacent through holes 101, which will affect the results of subsequent simulation tests. A filling box 2 is provided in each through hole 101, and each filling box 2 is slidably connected to the through hole 101. The cross-sectional shape of the filling box 2 is the same as that of the through hole 101. This ensures that a single filling box 2 will not wobble up and down when sliding along the through hole 101, and that adjacent filling boxes 2 are relatively compact with each other. In addition, the top of each filling box 2 is open. The filling box 2 is filled with material to simulate real ground. After being squeezed by the unstable rock mass falling along the mounting plate 1, the filling box 2 moves down along the through hole 101.

[0049] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, before the experiment begins, the interior of the filling box 2 needs to be filled. The filling box 2 is filled one by one with the materials required for this experiment. Then, according to the layout of the simulated ground or ramp environment, the filling boxes 2 are placed one by one into the placement through-holes 101 at appropriate positions on the mounting plate 1, ensuring they can slide freely. Subsequently, according to the experimental settings, a simulated rock mass of suitable mass and shape is selected, such as a rock mass model made of concrete and approximately spherical in shape. After the mounting plate 1 is tilted, the rock mass is released freely. The simulated rock mass accelerates downward under gravity and impacts the top of the filling box 2 at high speed. The filling box 2 is instantly subjected to a strong compressive force, which is greater than the static friction between the filling box 2 and the wall of the placement through-hole 101. The filling box 2 begins to overcome the friction and move downward along the placement through-hole 101. During the movement, the simulated material inside the filling box 2 will undergo a certain degree of deformation and displacement due to the impact, simulating the response of the real ground under the action of the rock mass.

[0050] Unlike traditional sand tables that can only simulate soft ground environments, this device, through the cooperation of the filling box 2 and the mounting plate 1, can effectively simulate harder ground conditions. The downward movement of the filling box 2 directly reflects the location and degree of the impact of the unstable rock mass on the ground. By recording the downward movement of the filling box 2 at different locations, the collapse trajectory of the unstable rock mass can be directly observed.

[0051] In some examples, a foam barrier 3 is provided around the top circumference of the filling box 2. The foam barrier 3 is made of polystyrene foam board, which is cut into strips of length matching the four sides of the filling box 2. These strips are then firmly attached to the four edges of the top surface of the filling box 2 using hot melt adhesive. Alternatively, a groove can be cut into the top surface of the filling box 2, and the strips of foam board can be directly inserted. It is ensured that the foam barrier 3 is tightly joined without gaps, and that its overall top surface is 10-30 mm higher than the top surface of the through hole 101. The top surface of the foam barrier 3 is higher than the top surface of the through hole 101, and the foam barrier 3 serves to block materials located on top of the filling box 2 that are used to simulate a real ground surface.

[0052] For example, such as Figure 2 As shown, the foam enclosure 3 is arranged circumferentially around the top surface of the filling box 2, forming a closed protective structure. The foam enclosure material is lightweight, soft, and easily broken. It can prevent materials from falling outside the filling box 2 during the initial filling process, and in the simulation test, it will not significantly interfere with the unstable rock mass, ensuring that the unstable rock mass falls freely. It should also be noted that when the simulated unstable rock mass impacts the top of the filling box 2, the simulated material inside the filling box 2 will splash outwards due to the strong impact. At this time, the foam enclosure 3 can also play a blocking role, using its soft material and high enclosure structure to reduce the splashed material. After the material impacts the foam enclosure 3, due to the elasticity and cushioning effect of the foam itself, some material will be rebounded back into the filling box 2, which can reduce material splashing.

[0053] The foam enclosure 3 significantly improved the accuracy and repeatability of the simulation experiment. During multiple simulations, it ensured that the total amount and distribution of the simulated material within the filling box 2 remained essentially consistent, avoiding deviations in simulation results due to material loss. Simultaneously, it facilitated accurate observation and analysis of the material's state within the filling box 2 after the experiment.

[0054] In some examples, several fixed frames 4 are spaced apart along the width of the mounting plate 1 at the bottom. The fixed frames 4 are strip-shaped and arranged parallel to the mounting plate 1. The marking rods 6 are made of stainless steel round rods. On the upper surface of the fixed frames 4, mounting positions for the marking rods 6 are evenly spaced by welding positioning blocks. Each mounting position corresponds to the center position of a filling box 2. One end of the marking rod 6 is vertically welded to the positioning block, and the other end passes through a pre-drilled through hole 101 at the bottom of the fixed frame 4 and extends below the bottom of the fixed frame 4. The marking plate 8 is made of acrylic sheet and is installed at the bottom of the fixed frame 4 by four metal plates, forming a 30 mm gap 801 between the top surface of the marking plate 8 and the bottom surface of the fixed frame 4, providing sufficient space for the marking rods 6 to move downwards.

[0055] For example, such as Figure 3 - Figure 5As shown, before the simulation of the dangerous rock body impacting the filling box 2, the marking rod 6 is in an initial state away from the marking plate 8, and the lower end of the marking rod 6 is away from the top surface of the marking plate 8. When the filling box 2 is pressed downward along the placement hole 101 due to the impact of the dangerous rock body, the filling box 2 pushes the marking rod 6 to move downward synchronously. Under the guidance of the fixed frame 4, the marking rod 6 moves downward, and when the lower end of the marking rod 6 contacts the top surface of the marking plate 8, a mark is left on the marking plate 8, which is a dot mark. Since each marking rod 6 corresponds to a filling box 2, by observing the position and distribution of the marks on the marking plate 8 and connecting each dot along the path later, the rolling path of the dangerous rock body can be intuitively understood, and the collapse trajectory of the dangerous rock body can be inferred.

[0056] In the above manner, the effect of the dangerous rock body on the filling box 2 can be clearly reflected on the marking plate 8 by the marking rod 6, and the abstract process of the dangerous rock body is converted into an intuitive and visible mark pattern. The experimenter can quickly and accurately obtain the collapse trajectory information of the dangerous rock body without complex measurement and calculation, greatly improving the experimental efficiency and the readability of the data. At the same time, the marks on the marking plate 8 can be preserved for a long time, which is convenient for further analysis and research in the future.

[0057] In some examples, the elastic pressing head 601 is made of high water absorption polyurethane sponge and has a cylindrical shape. The elastic pressing head 601 is soaked in a dye solution prepared by mixing red pigment and organic solvent at a ratio of 1:4 for a period of time to ensure that the sponge fully absorbs the dye, and then the elastic pressing head 601 is tightly sleeved on one end of the marking rod 6 close to the marking plate 8 and is fixed with strong glue to prevent falling off during use.

[0058] For example, as shown in Figure 6 The elastic pressing head 601 has good elasticity and water absorption, can quickly release the stored dye when subjected to pressure, and the soft material will not scratch the surface of the marking plate 8. The connection mode of the elastic pressing head 601 with the marking rod 6 not only ensures the firmness of the installation, but also allows the elastic pressing head 601 to deform flexibly when subjected to external force, ensuring that the dye is evenly applied on the marking plate 8.

[0059] When the marking rod 6 moves downward with the filling box 2 and contacts the marking plate 8, the elastic pressing head 601 is compressed by the upward reaction force of the marking plate 8. During the compression process, the dye in the pores of the elastic pressing head 601 is squeezed out and evenly applied on the surface of the marking plate 8, forming an obvious red mark. Due to the elastic recovery effect of the elastic pressing head 601, after the marking is completed, the elastic pressing head 601 will gradually return to its original state, preparing for the next marking.

[0060] In some examples, one end of the tension spring 7 is arranged on the fixed frame 4, and the other end of the tension spring 7 is arranged on the marker rod 6, and the tension spring 7 is used to provide a force for the marker rod 6 and the filling box 2 to move up to the placement hole 101; the limiting locking part 5 is arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame 4, the marker rod 6 slides through the limiting locking part 5, and the limiting locking part 5 is used to limit the marker rod 6 after being extruded and moving downward.

[0061] For example, as shown in Figure 5 The tension spring 7 provides an upward reset force for the marker rod 6 and the filling box 2, which can ensure that the marker rod 6 and the filling box 2 can be smoothly pulled back to the initial position without affecting the normal downward movement of the filling box 2 when the dangerous rock mass is extruded. The box body 501 of the limiting locking part 5 is directly bonded or welded at the bottom of the fixed frame 4, and the locking structure inside the limiting locking part 5 can effectively prevent the movement of the marker rod 6 from being pulled back to the reset position by the tension spring 7 after the filling box 2 is moved downward, ensuring that the marker rod 6 and the filling box 2 cannot rebound to the reset position before the simulation process is completed.

[0062] Before the experiment starts, the tension spring 7 is in a natural stretched state, and the marker rod 6 and the filling box 2 are located at the initial position of the placement hole 101 under the action of the tension spring 7. When the dangerous rock mass hits the filling box 2, the filling box 2 moves downward and drives the marker rod 6 to move downward, overcoming the tension of the tension spring 7. At the same time, the marker rod 6 enters the box body 501 of the limiting locking part 5, triggers the internal locking structure, limits the marker rod 6, and makes it unable to move upward under the action of the tension spring 7. When the simulation experiment is completed, the device needs to be reset, and the limiting of the marker rod 6 by the limiting locking part 5 is released, and the tension spring 7 restores the elastic potential energy to pull the marker rod 6 and the filling box 2 back to the initial position, preparing for the next experiment.

[0063] The cooperation of the tension spring 7 and the limiting locking part 5 realizes stable recording and convenient resetting of the device during the simulation process. During the simulation process, the limiting locking part 5 ensures that the marker rod 6 can accurately record the position after the action of the dangerous rock mass, and is not disturbed by the tension spring 7, thereby improving the accuracy of the experimental data. After the experiment is completed, the reset action of the tension spring 7 can reset the marker rod 6 and the filling box 2 one by one.

[0064] In some examples, the limiting locking component 5 includes a housing 501, which is directly welded or bonded to the bottom surface of the fixed frame 4. The housing 501 has a cuboid structure with an internal accommodating space. The marking rod 6 passes through the housing 501 and extends to the outer side of the bottom surface of the housing 501. The turntable 502 has a rotating shaft 507 in the middle, and the axis of the rotating shaft 507 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the marking rod 6. The turntable 502 is rotatably mounted inside the housing 501 via the rotating shaft 507. The gear 503 is directly mounted on the rotating shaft 507. Located on one side of turntable 502, gear 503 and turntable 502 are an integral structure; marking rod 6 has a toothed part 602, which is similar to a rack, and marking rod 6 meshes with gear 503 through toothed part 602; ratchet 504 is set on rotating shaft 507 and located on the other side of turntable 502; pawl 505 is hinged to the inner wall of box 501, and pawl 505 meshes with ratchet 504. After ratchet 504 and pawl 505 cooperate, they are used to prevent marking rod 6 from moving under the action of tension spring 7.

[0065] For example, such as Figure 7 - Figure 8 As shown, the turntable 502, gear 503, ratchet 504, and pawl 505 inside the housing 501 constitute a one-way locking mechanism. The gear 503 meshes with the toothed portion 602 of the marking rod 6, converting the linear motion of the marking rod 6 into the rotation of the turntable 502 and the rotating shaft 507. The cooperation of the ratchet 504 and the pawl 505 achieves one-way rotation restriction, ensuring that the marking rod 6 can only move downwards and cannot move upwards under the action of the tension spring 7.

[0066] When the marker rod 6 is pressed downwards by the filling box 2, the toothed portion 602 of the marker rod 6 meshes with the gear 503, causing the gear 503 to rotate. The rotation of the gear 503 is transmitted to the ratchet 504 through the shaft 507. Due to the unidirectional meshing characteristic of the pawl 505 and the ratchet 504, the ratchet 504 can only rotate in one direction, thus preventing the marker rod 6 from moving upwards under the action of the tension spring 7. Even if the pressure of the unstable rock mass on the filling box 2 fluctuates during the simulation, the marker rod 6 can remain stably in the position after being pressed downwards, accurately recording the effect of the unstable rock mass.

[0067] In some examples, the housing 501 has a translation space 506 reserved inside for the turntable 502 to move axially along the shaft 507. After the turntable 502 drives the ratchet 504 to move axially along the shaft 507 in the translation space 506 to the side away from the pawl 505, the ratchet 504 and the pawl 505 are disengaged.

[0068] For example, the reserved translation space 506 provides additional degrees of freedom for the turntable 502 and the ratchet 504 connected thereto. Under normal operating conditions, the turntable 502 and ratchet 504 remain stationary within this space, and the pawl 505 engages normally with the ratchet 504 to achieve a locking function. When it is necessary to release the lock, by applying an external axial force, the turntable 502 can move within the translation space 506, thereby changing the engagement state of the ratchet 504 and the pawl 505.

[0069] When a simulation experiment ends and the marker rod 6 needs to be reset, pulling the rotating shaft 507 moves the shaft 507 and ratchet 504 along the translation space 506 to the side away from the pawl 505. After the ratchet 504 moves a certain distance, the pawl 505 disengages from the ratchet 504, and the marker rod 6 is no longer locked. Under the action of the tension spring 7, it moves upward, achieving a reset. Experimenters can quickly release the locking state of the marker rod 6 without disassembling the device or using complex tools, improving the ease of operation and experimental efficiency. Secondly, to facilitate the re-engagement of the pawl 505 with the ratchet 504, a cone concentric with the rotating shaft 507 can be placed on the end face of the ratchet 504 near the pawl 505. The smaller diameter end face of the cone is closer to the pawl 505. When the ratchet 504 resets, the cone's conical surface guides the pawl 505 to re-engage with the ratchet 504, achieving a rapid reset of the pawl 505. It should also be noted that the thickness of the toothed part of the marking rod and the thickness of the gear 503 are greater than the moving distance required for the ratchet 504 and pawl 505 to disengage. This ensures that the rack will not disengage from the gear 503 after the ratchet 504 and pawl 505 disengage.

[0070] In some examples, the limiting locking component 5 also includes several unlocking rods 11. The unlocking rods 11 are stainless steel round rods with the same diameter as the rotating shaft 507. The unlocking rods 11 and the rotating shaft 507 are directly welded together. Each unlocking rod 11 is set on the end face of a rotating shaft 507. The unlocking rods 11 and the rotating shaft 507 are arranged coaxially. After the unlocking rods 11 push the rotating shaft 507 to move along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 507, the rotating shaft 507 drives the turntable 502 to move along the translation space 506.

[0071] For example, such as Figure 7 As shown, the unlocking rod 11 is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 507. The rotating shaft 507, which is along the length of the mounting plate 1 and is in a straight line, only needs to be unlocked by one unlocking rod 11, which can facilitate batch operations by experimental personnel and improve unlocking efficiency.

[0072] Working process: after the experiment, the experimenter stands on the side of the bottom of the fixed frame 4 where the unlocking rod 11 is arranged, and pulls the multiple unlocking rods 11 at the same time. The unlocking rod 11 transmits force to the rotating shaft 507, so that the rotating shaft 507 drives the rotating disc 502 and the ratchet wheel 504 to move away from the pawl 505 along the translation space 506, thereby releasing the locking effect of the pawl 505 on the ratchet wheel 504. At this time, the marker rod 6 is reset upward under the action of the tension spring 7, and the resetting operation of the whole device is completed.

[0073] The arrangement of the unlocking rod 11 greatly simplifies the unlocking operation process of the limiting and locking part 5. The experimenter can quickly and conveniently unlock multiple marker rods 6 at the same time, which greatly improves the experimental efficiency and reduces the experimental preparation time compared with the unlocking mode of operating one by one. At the same time, this intuitive and easy-to-operate design reduces the requirement for the professional skills of the experimenter, so that more people can smoothly perform the experimental operation.

[0074] In some examples, the simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of the dangerous rock mass further comprises a support 9, one end of the mounting plate 1 is hinged to the support 9; the lifting rod 10 is arranged on the support 9, and the movable end of the lifting rod 10 is hinged to the other end of the mounting plate 1, and the lifting rod 10 is used to change the inclination angle of the mounting plate 1.

[0075] For example, as shown in Figure 3 The lifting rod 10 is a hydraulic cylinder, and the lifting rod 10 is used to control the lifting of one end of the mounting plate 1, that is, to control the mounting plate 1 to change different inclination angles.

[0076] In some examples, the two ends of the mounting plate 1 are respectively a placement area 102 and a blocking area 103, the placement area 102 is used to place the dangerous rock mass, and the blocking area 103 is used to block the dangerous rock mass. After the mounting plate 1 is inclined and placed, the position of the placement area 102 is higher than that of the blocking area 103. It is convenient for the release and recovery of the dangerous rock mass.

[0077] It should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, not to limit it. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present disclosure can be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, which should be covered in the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A simulation device for analyzing a dangerous rock mass collapse trajectory, characterized by, The device comprises: a mounting plate (1) having a plurality of placement holes (101) arranged at intervals; a plurality of filling boxes (2), each of which is arranged in one of the placement holes (101) and filled with materials for simulating real ground, and each of which is capable of moving downward along the placement hole (101) under the extrusion of a falling dangerous rock body.

2. The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, A foam barrier (3) is arranged on the top surface of the filling box (2) in a circumferential direction, and the top surface of the foam barrier (3) is higher than the top surface of the placement hole (101), and the foam barrier (3) is used to block the materials for simulating real ground located on the top of the filling box (2).

3. The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further comprises: a fixed frame (4) arranged at the bottom of the mounting plate (1) and arranged in parallel with the mounting plate (1); a plurality of marking rods (6) arranged at intervals on the fixed frame (4), each of which corresponds to one of the filling boxes (2), and one end of each of the marking rods (6) abuts against the bottom of the corresponding filling box (2), and the other end of each of the marking rods (6) penetrates through the fixed frame (4) and extends below the bottom of the fixed frame (4); a marking plate (8) arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame (4), and the top surface of the marking plate (8) has a gap (801) with the bottom surface of the fixed frame (4), the gap (801) is used to provide a moving space for the marking rods (6), and the marking rods (6) are used to mark points on the marking plate (8) after the filling boxes (2) drive the marking rods (6) to move downward and contact the marking plate (8).

4. The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass according to claim 3, characterized in that, An elastic pressing head (601) is arranged on the end of each of the marking rods (6) close to the marking plate (8), and the elastic pressing head (601) is used to absorb and store dye for marking.

5. The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass according to claim 3, characterized in that, The device further comprises: a tension spring (7) arranged at one end on the fixed frame (4) and at the other end on the marking rods (6), and the tension spring (7) is used to provide a force for moving the marking rods (6) and the filling boxes (2) upward into the placement holes (101); a limiting locking member (5) arranged at the bottom of the fixed frame (4), and the marking rods (6) slide through the limiting locking member (5), and the limiting locking member (5) is used to limit the marking rods (6) after being extruded and moving downward.

6. The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass according to claim 5, characterized in that, The limiting locking member (5) comprises: a box body (501) arranged on the fixed frame (4), and the marking rods (6) penetrate through the box body (501) and extend to the outside of the bottom surface of the box body (501); a rotating disc (502) having a rotating shaft (507), and the rotating disc (502) is arranged in the box body (501) through the rotating shaft (507). A gear (503) is arranged on the rotating shaft (507) and located on one side of the rotating disc (502); the marker rod (6) has a toothed portion (602), and the marker rod (6) is engaged with the gear (503) through the toothed portion (602); A ratchet wheel (504) is arranged on the rotating shaft (507) and located on the other side of the rotating disc (502); A pawl (505) is arranged on the inner wall of the box body (501), the pawl (505) is engaged with the ratchet wheel (504), and the ratchet wheel (504) and the pawl (505) are matched to prevent the marker rod (6) from moving under the action of the tension spring (7).

7. The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass according to claim 6, characterized in that, The box body (501) has a translation space (506) reserved inside for axial movement of the rotating disc (502) along the rotating shaft (507), and after the rotating disc (502) drives the ratchet wheel (504) to move axially along the rotating shaft (507) to the side away from the pawl (505) in the translation space (506), the ratchet wheel (504) and the pawl (505) are disengaged.

8. The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass according to claim 7, characterized in that, The limiting locking member (5) further comprises: A plurality of unlocking rods (11) are arranged on the end face of the rotating shaft (507), the unlocking rod (11) is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (507), and the unlocking rod (11) is used to push the rotating shaft (507) to move along the axis direction of the rotating shaft (507), and the rotating shaft (507) is used to drive the rotating disc (502) to move along the translation space (506).

9. The simulation device for analyzing collapse trajectory of dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The simulation device for analyzing the collapse trajectory of a dangerous rock mass further comprises: A support (9) is hinged to one end of the mounting plate (1); A lifting rod (10) is arranged on the support (9), and the movable end of the lifting rod (10) is hinged to the other end of the mounting plate (1), and the lifting rod (10) is used to change the inclination angle of the mounting plate (1).

10. The simulation device for analyzing collapse trajectory of dangerous rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the mounting plate (1) are respectively a placement area (102) and a blocking area (103), the placement area (102) is used to place a dangerous rock mass, and the blocking area (103) is used to block a dangerous rock mass, and after the mounting plate (1) is placed obliquely, the position of the placement area (102) is higher than that of the blocking area (103).

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