Hydraulic rotary separator for purifying cutting fluid

Abstract

The utility model discloses a hydraulic rotary separator for purifying cutting fluid. The hydraulic rotary separator comprises a separation pipe body with a pipe cavity and an overflow head positioned above the separation pipe body, a tube cavity of the separation tube body sequentially comprises a cylinder part, a large cone part, a small cone part and a straight tube part from top to bottom; an oil outlet hole communicated with the overflow head is formed in the top of the cylinder part, and a tangential inflow port is formed in the periphery of the cylinder part; the small cone part sequentially comprises a first-stage small cone part, a second-stage small cone part and a third-stage small cone part from top to bottom; the taper angle ratio of the large taper part to the first-stage small taper part to the second-stage small taper part to the third-stage small taper part is 40: 10: 5: 2; an environment in which the centrifugal force field intensity is slow, stable and continuously enhanced is created, the gradually-changed taper angle avoids sudden change of the flow field, internal turbulent flow and short-circuit flow are reduced, and the separation process is more stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of cutting fluid recovery, and in particular to a cutting fluid purification hydraulic rotary separator. Background Technology

[0002] A hydrocyclone is a high-efficiency separation device based on the principle of centrifugal sedimentation, widely used in solid-liquid separation, liquid-liquid separation, and particle classification processes in petroleum, chemical, environmental protection, and mining industries. Its working principle is as follows: the mixed liquid enters the cyclone chamber tangentially under pressure, forming a strong rotating flow within the chamber. Due to differences in density or particle size between different components, under the action of centrifugal force, the heavier phase is thrown towards the outer wall and discharged through the underflow outlet, while the lighter phase aggregates towards the center and is discharged through the overflow outlet, thus achieving rapid separation.

[0003] Patent document CN110422908A discloses a high-efficiency oil-removing hydrocyclone and hydrocyclone, comprising a cyclone chamber, a conical tube, and a distribution tube connected in sequence. The cyclone chamber wall has two opposing tangential feed inlets, allowing the oil-water mixture to achieve a higher initial velocity and enhancing the cyclone and centrifugation effects. The reduced volume of the cyclone chamber shortens the residence time and improves oil-water separation efficiency.

[0004] In the field of machining, water-based cutting fluids for aluminum die casting mainly consist of water, synthetic esters, extreme pressure agents, surfactants, rust inhibitors, bactericides, pH stabilizers, defoamers, and aluminum alloy corrosion inhibitors. During use, these fluids mix with lubricating oil, hydraulic oil, and metal particles, forming an oil-liquid-solid multiphase system. Due to the small density difference between the oil phase and the cutting fluid, the separation efficiency of traditional hydrocyclones is often limited by the compression ratio and the design of the tubing structure. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the problem of low separation efficiency of existing hydrocyclones when applied to water-based cutting fluids for aluminum die casting, this invention provides a hydrocyclone separator for cutting fluid purification with better separation performance.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a cutting fluid purification hydraulic rotary separator, including a separation tube with a cavity and an overflow head located above the separation tube;

[0007] The cavity of the separator tube includes, from top to bottom, a cylindrical section, a large conical section, a small conical section, and a straight section; the top of the cylindrical section is provided with an oil outlet hole communicating with the overflow head, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical section is provided with a tangential inlet.

[0008] The small cone portion includes, from top to bottom, a first-level small cone portion, a second-level small cone portion, and a third-level small cone portion;

[0009] The ratio of the cone angles of the large cone, the first-level small cone, the second-level small cone, and the third-level small cone is 40:10:5:2.

[0010] The preferred technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the cone angle of the large cone is 38° to 42°, the cone angle of the first-stage small cone is 9.5° to 10.5°, the cone angle of the second-stage small cone is 4.75° to 5.25°, and the cone angle of the first-stage small cone is 1.9° to 2.1°.

[0011] The preferred technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: the length ratio of the cylindrical part, the large conical part, the small conical part and the straight tube part is 4:1:(12.5~13):(50~55);

[0012] The length ratio of the first-level small cone, the second-level small cone, and the third-level small cone is 1:1:(1.5~2).

[0013] The preferred technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is that the diameter ratio of the cylindrical part to the straight tube part is 10:3.

[0014] The preferred technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the separating tube body includes an upper tube body and a lower tube body connected to each other, the lower end of the upper tube body includes an upper straight tube section, the lower tube body includes a lower straight tube section, and the upper straight tube section and the lower straight tube section are coaxially connected with equal diameters to form the straight tube section.

[0015] The preferred technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: the overflow head is provided with an overflow through hole in the middle, the lower end of the overflow through hole converges inward to form a funnel part, and the bottom of the funnel part connects to the oil outlet hole.

[0016] The preferred technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a guide cylinder is provided inside the cylindrical part.

[0017] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages of this invention are as follows: Traditional single-cone or double-cone hydrocyclones, when separating fluids of similar density, are prone to incomplete separation of fine oil droplets or heavy phase particles due to insufficient variation in the centrifugal force field, resulting in decreased efficiency. This design, through a cone angle ratio of 40:10:5:2, creates an environment where the centrifugal force field intensity is slowly, steadily, and continuously enhanced. The gradually changing cone angle avoids abrupt changes in the flow field, reduces internal turbulence and short-circuit flow, making the separation process more stable and more adaptable to fluctuations in inlet flow rate and pressure. During the downward movement of the fluid, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel decreases at an optimized, non-linear rate, allowing for small-gradient control of the fluid's tangential and axial velocities. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. However, those skilled in the art will understand that these drawings are drawn only for the purpose of explaining the preferred embodiments and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Furthermore, unless specifically indicated, the drawings are only schematic representations of the composition or structure of the described objects and may contain exaggerated depictions, and the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0019] Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a cutting fluid purification hydraulic rotary separator;

[0020] Figure 2 A perspective view of a hydraulic rotary separator for purifying cutting fluid;

[0021] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of a hydraulic rotary separator for purifying cutting fluid;

[0022] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of section B in the middle.

[0024] Figure label:

[0025] Separator 100; Overflow head 200; Cylindrical section 10; Large cone section 20; Small cone section 30; Straight pipe section 40; Oil outlet 1; Tangential inlet 2; First-stage small cone section 3; Second-stage small cone section 4; Third-stage small cone section 5; Upper pipe 6; Lower pipe 7; Overflow straight through hole 8; Funnel section 9; Upper straight pipe section 41; Lower straight pipe section 42; Guide cylinder 11. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that these descriptions are merely descriptive and exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that similar labels in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it will not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the die-cast part of this utility model is in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0029] like Figure 1-4 As shown, this embodiment provides a cutting fluid purification hydraulic rotary separator, including a separation tube 100 with a cavity and an overflow head 200 located above the separation tube 100. The cavity of the separation tube 100 includes, from top to bottom, a cylindrical section 10, a large cone section 20, a small cone section 30, and a straight pipe section 40. The small cone section 30 includes, from top to bottom, a first-stage small cone section 3, a second-stage small cone section 4, and a third-stage small cone section 5. The cone angle ratio α:β:γ:δ of the large cone section 20, the first-stage small cone section 3, the second-stage small cone section 4, and the third-stage small cone section 5 is 40:10:5:2. In this embodiment, the top of the cylindrical section 10 is provided with an oil outlet 1 communicating with the overflow head 200, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical section 10 is provided with a tangential inlet 2. The cutting fluid mixture to be separated is injected tangentially from the cylindrical section 10 at high speed, immediately forming a strong rotating flow field in the cylindrical cavity.

[0030] The mixture enters the cylindrical section 10 at high speed from the tangential inlet 2, forming a strong three-dimensional rotating vortex. In this rotating flow field, the fluid is subjected to a powerful centrifugal force. According to Stokes' law, the centrifugal settling velocity of dispersed phase particles or droplets is proportional to the density difference between the two phases, the square of the particle diameter, and the square of the rotational angular velocity. Therefore, the denser component is thrown towards the pipe wall and discharged from the bottom outlet of the straight pipe section 40 with the outer lower swirling flow; the less dense component forms a low-pressure axis in the central region and is discharged from the top overflow outlet with the inner upper swirling flow.

[0031] In this embodiment, the large cone 20 causes the fluid to experience its first significant acceleration and contraction as it moves downwards, initially enhancing the centrifugal force field and guiding the heavy phase to accumulate towards the wall and move downwards. The smaller cone 30 connected below the large cone 20 is not a single cone angle, but is further subdivided into a first-stage small cone 3, a second-stage small cone 4, and a third-stage small cone 5. The cone angles of these three levels of cones decrease sequentially in a ratio of 40:10:5:2. This means that the inner diameter of the cone decreases downwards at different, gradually decreasing rates.

[0032] Traditional single-cone or double-cone hydrocyclones, when separating fluids of similar density, often suffer from reduced efficiency because the centrifugal force field changes are not subtle enough, leading to the incomplete separation of fine oil droplets or heavy phase particles. In this embodiment, the multi-stage gradually changing cone structure 30, with a cone angle ratio of 40:10:5:2, creates an environment where the centrifugal force field intensity increases slowly, steadily, and continuously. The gradually changing cone angles avoid abrupt changes in the flow field, reduce internal turbulence and short-circuit flow, making the separation process more stable and more adaptable to fluctuations in inlet flow rate and pressure. As the fluid moves downwards, the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel decreases at an optimized, non-linear rate, allowing for small-gradient control of the fluid's tangential and axial velocities.

[0033] This design provides a longer, gentler separation path and more sufficient separation time for two phases with small density differences. Tiny oil droplets have a greater chance to coalesce towards the central axis and float to the overflow port under the gradually increasing centrifugal force; at the same time, heavy phase liquid and solid impurities are also more stably pushed towards the wall and downward.

[0034] Due to manufacturing tolerances, the cone angle ratio of 40:10:5:2 does not strictly adhere to an integer ratio, but is a rounded adjustment value. Preferably, in this embodiment, the cone angle of the large cone 20 is 38°–42°, the cone angle of the first-stage small cone 3 is 9.5°–10.5°, the cone angle of the second-stage small cone 4 is 4.75°–5.25°, and the cone angle of the first-stage small cone 3 is 1.9°–2.1°. This angle range ensures the stability and reproducibility of the multi-stage cone structure's optimal separation performance during actual manufacturing and operation. An excessively large angle would negate the benefits of fine-tuning the flow field; an excessively small angle could lead to excessively long flow channels, excessive pressure loss, or easy clogging. This preferred range achieves the best balance between high separation efficiency, low energy loss, and structural compactness.

[0035] Preferably, such as Figure 3As shown, the length ratio of the cylindrical section 10, the large cone section 20, the small cone section 30, and the straight pipe section 40 is 4:1:(12.5–13):(50–55). The length ratio of the first-stage small cone section 3, the second-stage small cone section 4, and the third-stage small cone section 5 is 1:1:(1.5–2). The diameter ratio of the cylindrical section 10 to the straight pipe section 40 is 10:3. The length ratio and cone angle together determine the residence time and velocity development path of the fluid. The longer cylindrical section 10 ensures sufficient swirling development, while the longer straight pipe section 40 eliminates the disturbance of the fishtail-shaped unstable flow to the upstream separation zone. In particular, the third-stage small cone section 5 is designed to be the longest, matching its extremely small cone angle, aiming to provide the longest action path and ensure thorough separation in the stage of highest fluid velocity and finest separation. The diameter ratio determines the geometric constraints of the flow field inside the hydrocyclone. A larger inlet diameter helps reduce inlet velocity, thus minimizing turbulence and wear; a smaller underflow diameter facilitates the formation of strong internal swirling flow and a clear two-phase separation interface. The 10:3 ratio has been extensively verified through theoretical and experimental studies, achieving optimal matching between centrifugal acceleration and flow capacity at a given pressure drop.

[0036] like Figure 2-3 As shown, the separate pipe body 100 includes an upper pipe body 6 and a lower pipe body 7 connected to each other. The lower end of the upper pipe body 6 includes an upper straight pipe section 41, and the lower pipe body 7 includes a lower straight pipe section 42. The upper straight pipe section 41 and the lower straight pipe section 42 are coaxially joined with equal diameters to form a straight pipe section 40. Manufacturing the upper pipe body 6, which has a complex multi-stage internal conical surface, separately from the typically long lower straight pipe section 42 greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of integral casting or machining. When blockage or wear occurs after the equipment has been used, it can be easily disassembled for cleaning or replacement of the upper pipe body 6, significantly improving the maintainability and service life of the equipment.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, the overflow head 200 has an overflow through-hole 8 in the middle, and the lower end of the overflow through-hole 8 converges inward to form a funnel 9, the bottom of which connects to the oil outlet 1. The design of the funnel 9 allows for smoother and more concentrated introduction of the light phase fluid rising from the central low-pressure zone into the overflow through-hole 8. It reduces the flow resistance and local eddies when the fluid enters the oil outlet 1, and prevents suction disturbances caused by improper overflow structure from affecting the stability of the central low-pressure zone, thereby helping to obtain purer overflow products and a more stable separation interface.

[0038] More preferably, such as Figure 5 As shown, a guide cylinder 11 is provided inside the cylindrical section 10. The oil outlet 1 is located at the center of the guide cylinder 11. The guide cylinder can block, guide, and regulate the fluid injected at high speed from the tangential inlet, enabling it to form a regular forced vortex more quickly and orderly, reducing energy loss and ineffective turbulence in the inlet section. At the same time, it can also guide the oil phase upward to the oil outlet 1, improving the separation efficiency between phases.

[0039] This article uses specific examples to describe the cutting fluid purification hydraulic rotary separator provided by this utility model. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand this utility model and its core ideas. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A hydraulic rotating separator for purifying cutting fluid, characterized in that: it comprises a separation tube body with a tube cavity and an overflow head located above the separation tube body; the tube cavity of the separation tube body comprises, from top to bottom, a cylindrical part, a large taper part, a small taper part and a straight tube part; the top of the cylindrical part is provided with an oil outlet hole in communication with the overflow head, and the outer periphery of the cylindrical part is provided with a tangential inflow port; the small taper part comprises, from top to bottom, a first small taper part, a second small taper part and a third small taper part; the taper angle ratio of the large taper part, the first small taper part, the second small taper part and the third small taper part is 40:10:5:

2.

2. The hydraulic rotating separator for purifying cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the taper angle of the large taper part is 38°-42°, the taper angle of the first small taper part is 9.5°-10.5°, the taper angle of the second small taper part is 4.75°-5.25°, and the taper angle of the third small taper part is 1.9°-2.1°.

3. The hydraulic rotating separator for purifying cutting fluid according to claim 2, characterized in that: the length ratio of the cylindrical part, the large taper part, the small taper part and the straight tube part is 4:1:(12.5-13):(50-55); and the length ratio of the first small taper part, the second small taper part and the third small taper part is 1:1:(1.5-2).

4. The hydraulic rotating separator for purifying cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter ratio of the cylindrical part to the straight tube part is 10:

3.

5. The hydraulic rotating separator for purifying cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the separation tube body comprises an upper tube body and a lower tube body connected to each other, the lower end of the upper tube body comprises an upper straight tube part, the lower tube body comprises a lower straight tube part, and the upper straight tube part and the lower straight tube part are coaxially butted to form the straight tube part.

6. The hydraulic rotating separator for purifying cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: the overflow head is provided with an overflow straight-through hole in the middle, the lower end of the overflow straight-through hole converges inward to form a funnel part, and the bottom of the funnel part is butted to the oil outlet hole.

7. The hydraulic rotating separator for purifying cutting fluid according to claim 1, characterized in that: a guide cylinder is arranged in the cylindrical part. ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​

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