Blast hole arrangement structure of large-diameter deep hole

Abstract

The utility model discloses a blast hole arrangement structure for large-diameter deep holes, which comprises a stope divided into different arrangement levels, a rock drilling roadway is arranged in the middle of the stope at each level, a plurality of rows of large-diameter blast holes are arranged downwards or upwards in the rock drilling roadways, each row of blast holes comprises at least two rows of sub-rows, and the sub-rows are arranged in the stope. The adjacent blast holes of the adjacent sub-rows are arranged in a staggered mode and distributed in a zigzag mode, and the distance between the hole walls of the hole openings of every two adjacent blast holes is set to be 0.3-0.5 m. According to the utility model, each row of blast holes is divided into a plurality of sub-rows which are staggered for a certain distance, and the blast holes in the adjacent sub-rows are alternately arranged in a staggered manner, so that only one rock drilling lane needs to be arranged in a single level, more blast holes can be arranged, the blast hole density is ensured, enough blast hole spacing can be ensured, the mining preparation work amount is effectively reduced, the drilling construction difficulty is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved. The quality of the blast holes is improved, the problems that the arrangement number of the large-diameter blast holes is limited, the blast holes are too dense in distance and prone to perforation are solved, and the economic and safety benefits of mining are effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of mining technology, and specifically relates to a borehole arrangement structure for large-diameter deep holes. Background Technology

[0002] In order to reduce mining costs and minimize preparation work during the top pillar mining process in underground mines, a linear layout of large-diameter blast holes is often used. To ensure blasting effectiveness, the number of blast holes in a single row must meet certain requirements. The linear blast hole layout presents several difficulties: (1) Due to the large diameter of the blast holes and the large number of blast holes in a single row, the opening positions in the same row are too dense, and adjacent blast holes are easily affected by each other during drilling, making construction difficult; (2) Due to the close spacing between holes, the stability of the large-diameter deep-hole drilling equipment is affected during rock drilling, which leads to poor rock drilling quality and ultimately affects the safety of subsequent blasting; (3) The deviation of the holes in the linear layout is difficult to control, which can easily lead to perforation and increase construction costs. These problems restrict the safe and efficient mining operations.

[0003] To solve the above problems, a solution of laying out double-row roadways and straight-line blast holes is usually adopted. However, this solution increases the amount of preparation work and still cannot effectively solve the problem of perforation caused by hole deviation, which is not conducive to the control of mining costs. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to propose a borehole arrangement structure for large-diameter deep holes to solve the aforementioned problems existing in the current method of arranging large-diameter deep holes in a straight line.

[0005] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] This utility model proposes a borehole arrangement structure for large-diameter deep holes, including a mining area, which is divided into different layout levels, and a drilling tunnel is arranged in each level; the drilling tunnel is a single tunnel located in the middle of the mining area, and multiple rows of large-diameter boreholes are arranged downward or upward in the drilling tunnel. Each row of boreholes is arranged along the width of the drilling tunnel, and each row of boreholes includes at least two sub-rows. Adjacent boreholes in adjacent sub-rows are arranged alternately in a sawtooth pattern, and the distance between the borehole walls at the opening of any two adjacent boreholes is set to 0.3 to 0.5 m.

[0007] Based on the above technical solution, by staggering the arrangement of adjacent blast holes in the same row, the spacing between blast holes is increased within the limited width of a single drilling tunnel. This avoids the problems of mutual interference and easy cross-penetration between adjacent blast holes during drilling. At the same time, more blast holes can be laid out to ensure the required blast hole distribution density, meet the requirement of overlapping blasting areas, reduce the proportion of large ore pieces, and ensure the blasting effect.

[0008] Preferably, each row of blast holes has two sub-rows. One sub-row contains the odd-numbered holes of the row, and the other sub-row contains the even-numbered holes of the row. The odd-numbered and even-numbered holes are staggered and equidistant. This design helps to control the width of the holes in the same row, is more suitable for construction operations, and has a better blasting effect.

[0009] Preferably, the center-to-center distance between the openings of two adjacent blast holes in the same row is set to 0.60-0.65 mm. This design helps to ensure the superposition effect of blasting energy between adjacent blast holes, without increasing the proportion of large ore pieces or causing the ore to be too pulverized.

[0010] Preferably, the spacing between blast holes in the rock drilling tunnel is set to 3.0m. The spacing is the distance between adjacent sub-rows of blast holes in different rows. This design can relatively increase the spacing between blast hole rows, reduce the number of rows, and help control mining costs.

[0011] Preferably, the blast holes in each sub-row are large-diameter deep holes arranged in a downward fan shape. The projection of the blast holes between sub-rows in the same row on the longitudinal section is also fan-shaped. This design can further reduce the probability of blast hole perforation, relax the requirements for hole deviation control, reduce construction difficulty, and reduce the amount of secondary construction work such as hole repair in the later stage, which is conducive to controlling mining costs and improving mining safety.

[0012] More preferably, the center-to-center distance between the openings of two adjacent blast holes in the same row is set to 0.60–0.65 mm, and the bottom-to-bottom distance is set to 2.0–3.5 m.

[0013] More preferably, each row of blast holes is provided with side holes on the side, and the inclination angle of the side holes is set to 28.2°. This design is beneficial for the control of the stope boundary and ore size.

[0014] Preferably, the large-diameter deep holes in each sub-row are arranged in a downward straight line, or the large-diameter deep holes in adjacent sub-rows are arranged alternately in a downward straight line and a downward fan shape.

[0015] Beneficial effects

[0016] One of the above technical solutions has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0017] (1) By dividing each row of blast holes into multiple sub-rows staggered at a certain distance, and arranging adjacent blast holes in adjacent sub-rows alternately and staggered, more blast holes can be arranged within a limited width, ensuring the blast hole density required for blasting and ensuring sufficient blast hole spacing between adjacent blast holes, thus having several advantages: (a) Only one drilling roadway needs to be arranged in the same level of the mining area, greatly reducing the amount of mining preparation work such as tunneling and support; (b) The blast holes are not too dense, and they are not easy to affect each other during drilling, which is conducive to the stable operation of drilling equipment, greatly reducing the construction difficulty, improving the blast hole quality, and ensuring blasting safety; (c) The blast hole row spacing is relatively large, which can reduce the number of blast hole rows arranged, which is conducive to reducing mining costs.

[0018] (2) By alternating and staggering the arrangement of blast holes, large-diameter deep holes are not restricted by the spacing between the holes. A downward fan-shaped hole arrangement can be adopted, which further increases the hole bottom distance, reduces the hole deviation control requirements and the probability of blast hole perforation, greatly reduces the construction difficulty and the cost of repeated construction such as subsequent hole repair, and achieves safe and economical mining. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Other features, objects, and advantages of this invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal arrangement of the boreholes of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a row of blast holes according to this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic projection of a row of blast holes of this utility model on a longitudinal section.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a row of blast holes according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Mining area; 2. Drilling tunnel; 3. Sub-row; 4. Odd-numbered holes; 5. Even-numbered holes; 6. Side holes. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but the implementation of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0026] Example 1

[0027] The mining area with a certain width along the direction of the ore vein is called mining area 1. Each mining area 1 is divided into different layout levels along the longitudinal direction of the ore body. The ore body between adjacent layout levels is a layer. Drilling tunnels 2 are laid out in each level. From the drilling tunnels 2, blast holes are laid out upwards or downwards in the layer. The height of each layer and the number of drilling tunnels 2 are determined according to the type, depth and layout of the blast holes.

[0028] This utility model proposes a blast hole arrangement structure for large-diameter deep holes. A rock drilling tunnel 2 is arranged in a certain horizontal direction and located in the middle of the mining area 1. Multiple rows of large-diameter blast holes with a diameter of 150mm are arranged downward or upward in the rock drilling tunnel 2. Each row of blast holes is arranged along the width direction of the rock drilling tunnel 2. Each row of blast holes includes at least two sub-rows 3. The adjacent blast holes of adjacent sub-rows 3 are arranged alternately and distributed in a sawtooth pattern. The distance between the hole walls at the opening of two adjacent blast holes is set to 0.3 to 0.5m.

[0029] Preferred, such as Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, multiple rows of blast holes are arranged in the drilling tunnel 2. Except for the blast holes near the edge of the mining area 1, all are blast holes in a straight row. In each row of blast holes, there are two sub-rows 3. The row spacing between adjacent rows is 3.0m. The row spacing is calculated as the distance between the rows of adjacent sub-rows 3 of blast holes in different rows, referring to... Figure 1 The vertical distance between the line connecting the blast holes in the right sub-row 3 of the nth row of blast holes and the line connecting the blast holes in the left sub-row 3 of the (n+1)th row of blast holes is 3.0m. Each row of blast holes is numbered sequentially from one side to the other. One row of sub-row 3 contains blast holes with odd numbers (odd-numbered holes 4), and the other row of sub-row 3 contains blast holes with even numbers (even-numbered holes 5). Odd-numbered holes 4 and even-numbered holes 5 are staggered and equidistantly spaced, as shown in the diagram. Figure 2 As shown, each even-numbered hole 5 is positioned between adjacent odd-numbered holes 4, and each odd-numbered hole 4 is positioned between adjacent even-numbered holes 5. Every three adjacent holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle. The distance between the walls of any two adjacent holes is set to 0.5m. Taking into account construction errors and hole deviation, the distance between the hole openings and centers is controlled to be 0.60–0.65m to form large-diameter holes with large hole spacing. At the same time, this ensures the superposition effect of blasting energy between adjacent holes, without increasing the proportion of large ore pieces or causing the ore to be excessively crushed.

[0030] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the blast holes in each sub-row 3 of each row of blast holes are large-diameter deep holes arranged in a downward fan shape. The projection of the blast holes between each sub-row 3 of the same row of blast holes on the longitudinal section is also fan-shaped. The center-to-center distance of the bottom of the holes is set to 2.0 to 3.5m to further reduce the probability of blast hole perforation, relax the requirements for hole deviation control, reduce the construction difficulty, and reduce the amount of secondary construction work such as hole filling in the later stage, thereby controlling mining costs and improving mining safety.

[0031] Furthermore, each row of blast holes is provided with side holes 6 on its side, and the inclination angle of the side holes 6 is set to 28.2° to facilitate the control of the boundary of the mining area 1 and the size of the ore.

[0032] The advantage of this embodiment is that by dividing the same row of blast holes into multiple sub-rows 3 with the blast holes staggered from each other, the spacing between blast holes is increased, which effectively balances the contradiction between the amount of preparation work, the spacing between blast holes, the density of blast holes and the difficulty of drilling construction. This allows only one drilling tunnel 2 to be laid out on the same level, and large-diameter blast holes can be arranged in a fan shape within the drilling tunnel 2, without the problems of dense blast hole openings, high construction difficulty and poor drilling quality. This greatly improves the economy and safety of mining.

[0033] As a feasible implementation, each row of boreholes includes three or more sub-rows 3, such as Figure 4 As shown, when the number of sub-rows 3 is odd, one row of sub-rows 3 is used as a reference, and the remaining sub-rows 3 are arranged alternately and staggered on both sides of that row of sub-rows 3, with the blast holes between each pair of adjacent rows of sub-rows 3 distributed in a sawtooth pattern. The other settings are the same as in the aforementioned embodiment.

[0034] As a feasible implementation method, each sub-row 3 within the same row of blast holes can adopt a straight-line blast hole layout instead of a fan-shaped blast hole layout. Alternatively, each sub-row 3 within the same row of blast holes can adopt a staggered arrangement of straight-line and fan-shaped blast holes. Or, adjacent rows of blast holes can alternately adopt a straight-line and fan-shaped blast hole layout, as long as the blast holes in the same row meet the requirements of row-by-row and staggered arrangement.

[0035] It should be understood that when a straight-line hole layout is adopted, the width of the rock drilling tunnel 2 should meet the requirement that the blasting area of ​​the edge blast holes can reach the boundary of the mining area 1.

[0036] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present utility model. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall still fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A large-diameter long-hole blasthole arrangement comprising a stope divided into different levels of layout, each level having a respective layout of drill holes; characterised in that: The rock drilling roadway is one, which is arranged at the middle position of the stope, and a plurality of rows of large-diameter blast holes are arranged in the rock drilling roadway in a downward or upward direction, each row of blast holes is arranged along the width direction of the rock drilling roadway, each row of blast holes includes at least two rows of sub-rows, adjacent blast holes of adjacent sub-rows are arranged staggeredly, and the blast holes are distributed in a zigzag shape, and the hole wall spacing at the hole mouth of every two adjacent blast holes is 0.3-0.5 m.

2. A large diameter deep hole blasthole arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that: The sub-rows of each row of blast holes are two rows, one of which arranges odd holes of the row of blast holes, and the other of which arranges even holes of the row of blast holes, the odd holes and the even holes are arranged staggeredly and equidistantly.

3. A large diameter deep hole blasthole arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that: The hole mouth center distance of every two adjacent blast holes in the same row of blast holes is 0.60-0.65 mm.

4. A large diameter deep hole blasthole arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that: The blast hole row spacing in the rock drilling roadway is 3.0 m, and the row spacing is the row line distance of adjacent sub-rows between different rows of blast holes.

5. A large diameter deep hole blasthole arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that: The blast holes of each sub-row are large-diameter deep holes arranged in a downward fan shape, and the projection of the blast holes between the sub-rows of the same row of blast holes on the longitudinal section is also distributed in a fan shape.

6. A large diameter deep hole blasthole arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that: The hole mouth center distance of every two adjacent blast holes in the same row of blast holes is 0.60-0.65 mm, and the hole bottom distance is 2.0-3.5 m.

7. A large diameter deep hole blasthole arrangement according to claim 5, characterised in that: The side edge of each row of blast holes is provided with a side hole, and the inclination angle of the side hole is 28.2°.

8. A large diameter deep hole blasthole arrangement according to claim 1, characterised in that: The large-diameter deep holes of each sub-row are arranged in a downward straight line type, or the large-diameter deep holes of adjacent sub-rows are arranged in a downward straight line type and a downward fan shape alternately.

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