Ventilation system of squat silo

Abstract

A ventilation system of a squat silo comprises an air duct which is composed of a central air pipe, a silo wall air pipe and a silo bottom air pipe. The central air pipe is vertically installed in the center in the squat silo, air holes are densely distributed in the side wall of the portion, below the grain storage face, of the central air pipe, and the top end of the central air pipe is communicated with the atmosphere. The multiple silo wall air pipes are vertically installed and are close to the inner wall of the squat silo, the top ends of the silo wall air pipes are closed, and air holes are densely distributed in the side walls of the silo wall air pipes. The silo bottom air pipe is annularly located below the bottom face of the squat silo, the bottom end of each silo wall air pipe is connected with the silo bottom air pipe, and a ventilation opening of the silo bottom air pipe is located in the side wall of the lower portion of the squat silo. The top end of the central air pipe is connected with a top fan. The end, communicated with the atmosphere, of the top fan is connected with a valve. A ventilation opening of the silo bottom air pipe is higher than a silo bottom air pipe body, the ventilation opening is connected with the silo bottom air pipe body through an inclined air pipe, and a bottom draught fan is installed at the lower end of the inclined air pipe. A door capable of being opened and closed is connected to the ventilation opening.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of grain storage technology, specifically a ventilation system for shallow circular silo walls. Background Technology

[0002] Modern grain silos mainly fall into four categories: multi-story silos, vertical silos, shallow circular silos, and steel silos. Different types of silos are selected based on the characteristics of the storage base. Shallow circular silos, for example, are cylindrical above-ground grain silos with a height-to-diameter ratio of less than 1.5, and are mostly flat-bottomed. Shallow circular silos are primarily constructed of reinforced concrete, with few pores, offering excellent waterproofing, heat insulation, and airtightness, far exceeding that of multi-story silos and vertical silos. Therefore, ventilation is particularly important in shallow circular silos. The main functions of grain silo ventilation include lowering the temperature, dissipating heat generated by respiration, reducing mold and pest infestations, controlling the temperature and humidity inside the grain pile, and improving the safety of grain storage. In modern grain storage, the application of technologies such as nitrogen-filled controlled atmosphere storage, fumigation for pest control, and temperature-controlled storage also places higher demands on grain silo ventilation and the airtightness of ventilation openings. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To improve the ventilation and airtightness of shallow circular silos, this utility model proposes a ventilation system for shallow circular silos, as detailed below.

[0004] A ventilation system for a shallow circular silo includes an air inlet and an air outlet of an air duct that are connected to the outside atmosphere through ventilation openings. A fan is installed inside the air duct, and the forward or reverse rotation of the fan changes the airflow direction inside the air duct.

[0005] The air duct system consists of a central air duct, wall air ducts, and bottom air ducts. The central air duct is vertically installed in the center of the shallow circular silo. The sidewall of the central air duct below the grain storage surface is densely covered with air holes. The top of the central air duct is open to the atmosphere, and the bottom of the central air duct is attached to the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo. There are multiple vertically installed wall air ducts, which are close to the inner wall of the shallow circular silo and arranged around the central axis of the shallow circular silo. Their tops are closed, and the sidewalls of the wall air ducts are densely covered with air holes. The bottom air ducts are arranged in a ring below the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo. The bottom of each wall air duct is connected to the bottom air duct, and the ventilation opening of the bottom air duct is located on the lower sidewall of the shallow circular silo.

[0006] The top of the central air duct is connected to a top fan, and the end of the top fan that is connected to the atmosphere is connected to a valve.

[0007] The ventilation opening of the bottom duct is higher than the main body of the bottom duct. The ventilation opening is connected to the main body of the bottom duct through an inclined duct. A bottom fan is installed at the lower end of the inclined duct. A door that can be opened and closed is connected to the ventilation opening.

[0008] The working principle of this ventilation system is to change the airflow direction in the duct by rotating the fan forward or backward to suit different operational needs.

[0009] During cooling, the valve of the top fan opens and is detachably connected to the air cooler via a flange structure. By rotating the fan impeller, cold air is blown from the side wall vents of the central duct to the surrounding silo wall ducts, then to the bottom duct, and finally exits the shallow circular silo through the ventilation openings of the bottom duct.

[0010] During natural cooling / ventilation, the valves of the top fan are open, the vents of the bottom duct are open, and the fans can be turned on or off. As hot air rises, the airflow direction within the duct is from the bottom duct → the wall duct → the central duct → the atmosphere.

[0011] During nitrogen filling and regulation, the valve of the top fan is opened and detachably connected to the nitrogen source via a flange structure. The fan impeller rotates the flow, and the gas with higher nitrogen concentration flows from the central duct to the wall duct and then to the bottom duct. At this time, the nitrogen concentration is detected at the ventilation opening of the bottom duct. Once the concentration consistently reaches the threshold, the ventilation opening is closed, followed by the fan and valve. Because nitrogen is slightly less dense than air, this airflow direction is forcibly controlled to ensure the nitrogen concentration inside the silo meets the standard.

[0012] When fumigating for pest control, if a chemical method is used, the fumigant gas is blown into the warehouse in the direction of central air duct → warehouse wall air duct → warehouse bottom air duct. The exhaust gas is then detected and collected / treated at the ventilation openings of the warehouse bottom air duct. Once the concentration is reached, the ventilation openings and valves are closed, and the warehouse is sealed for fumigation. After the operation is completed, air is blown in again in the direction of central air duct → warehouse wall air duct → warehouse bottom air duct, and the exhaust gas is detected, collected, and treated.

[0013] The ventilation opening of the bottom duct is higher than the main structure of the bottom duct, which allows the bottom duct to be located at the very bottom of the shallow circular silo, so that the airflow inside the silo reaches the bottom of the silo. At the same time, the appropriate height of the ventilation opening facilitates operation.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom air duct is composed of a reinforced concrete structure pre-embedded below the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo; the outer side of the bottom air duct is close to the side wall of the shallow circular silo, and the bottom air duct is above the foundation of the bottom of the shallow circular silo.

[0015] There are one or more branch pipes between the outer side of the bottom air duct and the side wall of the shallow circular silo; the main body of the inclined air duct is outside the shallow circular silo, and the inclined air duct and the branch pipes are connected through inclined holes in the side wall of the shallow circular silo; the main body of the inclined air duct has an insulation layer.

[0016] In this structure, the bottom ventilation duct is manufactured during the civil construction phase of the shallow circular silo, forming an integral part of the silo body. The inclined ventilation duct is located outside the shallow circular silo and is an independent structure, not affecting the civil construction of the silo. Because the ventilation opening is connected to an operable door, the connection structure of this component is not directly connected to the main body of the shallow circular silo, avoiding any structural or construction impact on the main structure of the shallow circular silo.

[0017] Furthermore, above the grain storage surface within the shallow circular silo is a sealed compartment, the interior of which is connected to the atmosphere via multiple ventilation ducts on its roof; the interior cavity of the compartment is connected to the grain storage space below through multiple operable vents on its bottom; each vent is connected to an operable door; the top fan and its connected valves are located inside the compartment. The bottom of the compartment has an insulation layer. The main structure of the ventilation ducts on the top of the compartment is a curved pipe, with the end of the duct connected to the atmosphere outside the shallow circular silo and opening downwards.

[0018] The compartment has a manhole for personnel access and can be used as a separate equipment operating compartment. In scenarios requiring natural cooling / ventilation, opening multiple vents on the bottom of the compartment can improve ventilation efficiency. Simultaneously, the compartment also provides sun protection, rain protection, and insulation for the shallow circular silo. The downward opening of the ventilation ducts prevents rainwater from entering.

[0019] Furthermore, the radial cross-sectional shape of the vent is circular, and a stainless steel sleeve is lined on the inner wall of the vent.

[0020] The outer wall of the rear part of the sleeve is covered with an insulation layer. The front end of the insulation layer is connected to a sealing plate. The inner edge of the sealing plate is in close contact with the outer wall of the sleeve. The outer edge of the sealing plate has a rearward bent edge, which is wrapped around the outer wall of the insulation layer.

[0021] The outer wall of the front part of the sleeve is exposed, and the front end of the sleeve has a circular bent edge facing away from the sleeve axis.

[0022] The door is a cylindrical shape that is closed at the front and open at the rear; the front face of the door has an insulation layer, and the hollow side walls of the door also have an insulation layer.

[0023] When the door is closed, the front part of the sleeve is inside the hollow part of the door, there is an outer sealing ring between the front of the sealing plate and the rear end face of the door, and there is an inner sealing ring between the front of the bent edge of the front end of the sleeve and the bottom surface of the hollow part of the door.

[0024] The connection structure between the ventilation opening and the operable door is as follows:

[0025] A handwheel screw is connected to the outer edge of the sleeve sealing plate, and a corresponding opening clip is connected to the outer wall of the door; the end of the handwheel screw is rotatably connected to the sealing plate, and the axis of rotation is parallel to the plane where the sealing plate is located; a hook is connected to one side of the outer wall of the door, and a hanging rod is connected to the bent edge of the sealing plate;

[0026] With the door closed, the hook is attached to the hanging rod, and the handwheel screw is turned into the opening of the opening clip. The handwheel is screwed in from the beginning of the handwheel screw and presses the opening clip tightly.

[0027] Ventilation vents, doors, and their connecting structures are suitable for vents inside cabins and vents in the bottom ducts of the hold (vents in shallow circular hold walls). In the above scheme, the structural strength and sealing are achieved by connecting the sleeve made of corrosion-resistant material to the holes reserved in the civil construction (such as expansion bolts + masonry adhesive structure); the door connection structure with thermal insulation and double-layer sealing structure basically isolates the internal thermally conductive structure from the external atmosphere; the hook + handwheel buckle structure ensures the airtightness of each door closure. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the ventilation system of this shallow circular silo;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the bottom ventilation duct section;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the ventilation openings, doors, and the connection structures between them;

[0031] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A diagram from the left perspective;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the fit between the open-end clip and the handwheel screw (and...). Figure 4 (Same perspective)

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Shallow circular silo; 2. Central air duct; 3. Silo wall air duct; 4. Silo bottom air duct; 5. Top fan; 6. Valve; 7. Bottom fan; 8. Ventilation opening; 9. Door; 10. Support platform; 11. Branch pipe; 12. Inclined air duct; 13. Inclined hole; 14. Insulation layer; 15. Chamber; 16. Ventilation pipe; 17. Sleeve; 18. Sealing plate; 19. Bent edge; 20. Outer sealing ring; 21. Inner sealing ring; 22. Handwheel screw; 23. Opening clip; 24. Hook; 25. Hanging rod; 26. Handle; 27. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0035] refer to Figures 1-2 A ventilation system for a shallow circular silo includes an air inlet and an air outlet of an air duct that are connected to the outside atmosphere through ventilation openings. A fan is installed inside the air duct, and the forward or reverse rotation of the fan changes the airflow direction inside the air duct.

[0036] The air duct system consists of a central air duct 2, wall air ducts 3, and bottom air ducts 4. The central air duct 1 is vertically installed in the center of the shallow circular silo 1. The side wall of the central air duct below the grain storage surface is densely covered with air holes. The top of the central air duct is connected to the atmosphere, and the bottom of the central air duct is attached to the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo 1. There are multiple vertically installed wall air ducts 3, which are close to the inner wall of the shallow circular silo and arranged around the central axis of the shallow circular silo. Their tops are closed, and the side walls of the wall air ducts are densely covered with air holes. The bottom air ducts 4 are located in a ring below the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo 1. The bottom of each wall air duct 3 is connected to the bottom air duct 4, and the ventilation opening of the bottom air duct is located on the lower side wall of the shallow circular silo.

[0037] The top of the central air duct 2 is connected to a top fan 5, and the end of the top fan that is connected to the atmosphere is connected to a valve 6.

[0038] The ventilation opening of the bottom air duct 4 is higher than the main body of the bottom air duct. The ventilation opening is connected to the main body of the bottom air duct through an inclined air duct 12. A bottom fan 7 is installed at the lower end of the inclined air duct. A door 9 that can be opened and closed is connected to the ventilation opening.

[0039] In this example:

[0040] Further reference Figure 2 The bottom air duct 4 is a reinforced concrete structure pre-embedded below the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo 1; the outer side of the bottom air duct is close to the side wall of the shallow circular silo, and the bottom air duct is above the support platform 10 at the bottom of the shallow circular silo.

[0041] There are one or more branch pipes 11 between the outer side of the bottom air duct and the side wall of the shallow circular silo; the main body of the inclined air duct 12 is outside the shallow circular silo, and the inclined air duct 12 and the branch pipe 11 are connected through the inclined hole 13 in the side wall of the shallow circular silo; the main body of the inclined air duct has a heat insulation layer 14.

[0042] See again Figure 1 Above the grain storage surface in the shallow circular silo is a sealed compartment 15, whose interior space is connected to the atmosphere through multiple ventilation pipes 16 on its top surface; the interior cavity of the compartment is connected to the grain storage space below the compartment through multiple operable ventilation openings 8 on its bottom surface; operable doors 9 are connected to the ventilation openings; the top fan 5 and its connected valves 6 are located inside the compartment 1. The bottom surface of the compartment has an insulation layer. The main structure of the ventilation pipes 16 on the top surface of the compartment is a curved pipe, with the end of the ventilation pipe connected to the atmosphere outside the shallow circular silo and the opening facing downwards.

[0043] Further reference Figure 3(Taking the ventilation opening on the outer wall of the shallow circular compartment as an example, the ventilation opening structure on the bottom of the compartment is the same.) The radial cross-sectional shape of the ventilation opening is circular, and a stainless steel sleeve 17 is lined on the inner wall of the ventilation opening. The outer wall of the rear part of the sleeve is fitted with an insulation layer 14, and the front end of the insulation layer is connected to a sealing plate 18. The inner edge of the sealing plate is in close contact with the outer wall of the sleeve, and the outer edge of the sealing plate has a rearward bent edge 19, which wraps around the outer wall of the insulation layer. The outer wall of the front part of the sleeve is exposed, and the front end of the sleeve has an annular bent edge 19 facing away from the sleeve axis. The door 9 is a cylindrical shape with a closed front end and an open rear end. The front face of the door has an insulation layer 14, and the hollow side wall of the door has an insulation layer. In the closed state, the front part of the sleeve is inside the hollow of the door, and there is an outer sealing ring 20 between the front of the sealing plate and the rear face of the door, and an inner sealing ring 21 between the front of the bent edge of the front end of the sleeve and the bottom surface of the hollow door.

[0044] Further reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The connection structure between the vent and the operable door is as follows: a handwheel screw 22 is connected to the outer edge of the sleeve's sealing plate, and a corresponding opening clip 23 is connected to the outer wall of the door; the end of the handwheel screw is rotatably connected to the sealing plate, and the axis of rotation is parallel to the plane of the sealing plate; a hook 24 is connected to one side of the outer wall of the door, and a hanging rod 25 is connected to the bent edge of the sealing plate. In the closed state, the hook is hung on the hanging rod, the handwheel screw rotates into the opening of the opening clip, and a hand 26 screws into the opening of the handwheel screw and presses the opening clip. A handle 27 is also connected to the outside of the door.

Claims

1. A ventilation system for a shallow circular silo, comprising an air inlet and an air outlet of an air duct that are respectively connected to the outside atmosphere through ventilation openings, characterized in that... A fan is installed inside the duct, and the forward or reverse rotation of the fan changes the airflow direction inside the duct. The air duct system consists of a central air duct, wall air ducts, and bottom air ducts. The central air duct is vertically installed in the center of the shallow circular silo. The sidewall of the central air duct below the grain storage surface is densely covered with air holes. The top of the central air duct is open to the atmosphere, and the bottom of the central air duct is attached to the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo. There are multiple vertically installed wall air ducts, which are close to the inner wall of the shallow circular silo and arranged around the central axis of the shallow circular silo. Their tops are closed, and the sidewalls of the wall air ducts are densely covered with air holes. The bottom air ducts are arranged in a ring below the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo. The bottom of each wall air duct is connected to the bottom air duct, and the ventilation opening of the bottom air duct is located on the lower sidewall of the shallow circular silo. The top of the central air duct is connected to a top fan, and the end of the top fan that is connected to the atmosphere is connected to a valve. The ventilation opening of the bottom duct is higher than the main body of the bottom duct. The ventilation opening is connected to the main body of the bottom duct through an inclined duct. A bottom fan is installed at the lower end of the inclined duct. A door that can be opened and closed is connected to the ventilation opening.

2. The ventilation system of the shallow circular silo according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom ventilation duct is a reinforced concrete structure pre-embedded below the bottom surface of the shallow circular silo; the outer side of the bottom ventilation duct is close to the side wall of the shallow circular silo, and the bottom ventilation duct is above the foundation of the bottom of the shallow circular silo. There are one or more branch pipes between the outer side of the bottom air duct and the side wall of the shallow circular silo; the main body of the inclined air duct is outside the shallow circular silo, and the inclined air duct and the branch pipes are connected through inclined holes in the side wall of the shallow circular silo; the main body of the inclined air duct has an insulation layer.

3. The ventilation system of the shallow circular silo according to claim 1, characterized in that it is shallow. Above the grain storage surface inside the round silo is a sealed compartment, and the interior space of the compartment is connected to the atmosphere through multiple ventilation pipes on its top surface; the interior cavity of the compartment is connected to the grain storage space below the compartment through multiple operable ventilation openings on its bottom surface; and operable doors are connected to the ventilation openings. The top fan and its connected valves are located inside the cabin.

4. The ventilation system of the shallow circular silo according to claim 3, characterized in that: The floor of the cabin has an insulation layer.

5. The ventilation system of the shallow circular silo according to claim 3, characterized in that: The main structure of the ventilation duct on the top of the compartment is a curved pipe, with the end of the ventilation duct connected to the atmosphere outside the shallow circular compartment and the opening facing downwards.

6. The ventilation system of the shallow circular silo according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The radial cross-sectional shape of the vent is circular, and a stainless steel sleeve is lined on the inner wall of the vent. The outer wall of the rear part of the sleeve is covered with an insulation layer. The front end of the insulation layer is connected to a sealing plate. The inner edge of the sealing plate is in close contact with the outer wall of the sleeve. The outer edge of the sealing plate has a rearward bent edge, which is wrapped around the outer wall of the insulation layer. The outer wall of the front part of the sleeve is exposed, and the front end of the sleeve has a circular bent edge facing away from the sleeve axis. The door is a cylindrical shape that is closed at the front and open at the rear; the front face of the door has an insulation layer, and the hollow side walls of the door also have an insulation layer. When the door is closed, the front part of the sleeve is inside the hollow part of the door, there is an outer sealing ring between the front of the sealing plate and the rear end face of the door, and there is an inner sealing ring between the front of the bent edge of the front end of the sleeve and the bottom surface of the hollow part of the door. The connection structure between the ventilation opening and the operable door is as follows: A handwheel screw is connected to the outer edge of the sleeve sealing plate, and a corresponding opening clip is connected to the outer wall of the door; the end of the handwheel screw is rotatably connected to the sealing plate, and the axis of rotation is parallel to the plane where the sealing plate is located; a hook is connected to one side of the outer wall of the door, and a hanging rod is connected to the bent edge of the sealing plate; With the door closed, the hook is attached to the hanging rod, and the handwheel screw is turned into the opening of the opening clip. The handwheel is screwed in from the beginning of the handwheel screw and presses the opening clip tightly.

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