Roadway deformation monitoring alarm device

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of roadway deformation monitoring, in particular to a roadway deformation monitoring and alarming device which comprises an arc-shaped track, and the arc-shaped track is installed in an arc-shaped roadway and keeps consistent with the arc-shaped roadway in radian. The moving block is arranged on the surface of the arc-shaped track in a sliding and sleeving manner; and the driving piece is arranged in the moving block and used for driving the moving block to reciprocate on the arc-shaped track. The arc-shaped track and the roadway are installed in the same radian, and the moving block slides back and forth along the track, so that the laser displacement sensor can cover the whole circumference of the roadway, a blind area of traditional single-point monitoring is avoided, comprehensive detection of roadway deformation is ensured, the laser displacement sensor has discontinuity in detecting a certain point of the roadway, and the detection accuracy is improved. And the displacement deformation speed of the roadway in unit time can be judged by comparing before and after detection data.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to roadway deformation monitoring technical field especially a roadway deformation monitoring alarm device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The roadway deformation monitoring alarm device is an intelligent device for real-time monitoring of structural deformation of underground roadways (such as coal mines, tunnels, mines, etc.) and automatically issuing an alarm when the deformation exceeds the safety threshold. Its main function is to detect safety hazards such as roadway collapse and surrounding rock rupture in advance through technical means to ensure the safety of workers and equipment.

[0003] Roadways are important infrastructure in the fields of mine exploitation and tunnel engineering, and their deformation monitoring is crucial for personnel safety and engineering stability. However, traditional roadway deformation monitoring techniques have significant limitations:

[0004] 1. Traditional monitoring methods often use single-point sensors (such as strain gauges and mechanical displacement meters) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the roadway, which can only monitor local areas and cannot cover the full circumference of the curved roadway, easily missing critical deformation points and leading to one-sided monitoring results.

[0005] 2. Some technologies use fixed sensors to monitor deformation at a single location in real time, but cannot achieve intermittent repeated measurements at the same location through mobile detection, making it difficult to compare data at different time points to calculate deformation speed per unit time and thus unable to promptly detect rapid deformation safety hazards. INVENTION CONTENTS

[0006] The utility model aims to provide a roadway deformation monitoring alarm device, solving the problem of the limited detection effect of existing roadway deformation displacement monitoring on roadways.

[0007] To achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] A roadway deformation monitoring alarm device includes an arc-shaped track installed inside the arc-shaped roadway and consistent with the curvature of the arc-shaped roadway; a moving block is slidably fitted on the surface of the arc-shaped track; a drive member is provided inside the moving block to drive the moving block to move back and forth on the arc-shaped track; and a laser displacement sensor is fixedly installed on the top of the moving block to monitor roadway deformation displacement.

[0009] Preferably, the driving component includes a motor, a gear, and a connecting shaft. The connecting shaft is fixedly inserted through the gear, and the gear is rotatably mounted inside the moving block via the connecting shaft. The motor is fixed inside the moving block, and the output shaft of the motor is fixed to one end of the connecting shaft. The bottom of the arc-shaped track is evenly provided with teeth, and the gear and teeth are compatible and mesh with each other.

[0010] Preferably, reflectors are fixed at both ends of the moving block, and proximity sensors are provided on the sidewalls of the arc-shaped track near both ends.

[0011] Preferably, a reflector is provided above the arc-shaped track, the reflector is attached to the inner wall of the arc-shaped tunnel, and there is a gap between the laser displacement sensor and the reflector.

[0012] Preferably, a conductive rail is fixedly installed on the side wall of the arc-shaped track, and the motor draws power through the contact of the conductive rail with the brush.

[0013] Preferably, bolts are provided at both ends of the arc-shaped track, and the arc-shaped track is fixedly installed on the roadway floor by bolts.

[0014] Preferably, the system further includes a signal processing unit and an alarm module. The laser displacement sensor is electrically connected to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit receives displacement data collected by the laser displacement sensor and compares it with a preset threshold. When the displacement data exceeds the preset threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm module to issue an alarm.

[0015] Preferably, the two ends of the arc-shaped track are provided with buffer devices to absorb the impact force when the moving block changes direction, and to protect the moving block and the arc-shaped track. The buffer device includes a spring and a rubber slider. The side wall of the arc-shaped track is fixed with protrusions near both ends. The surface of the arc-shaped track is provided with arc-shaped grooves near both ends. The rubber slider is slidably connected inside the arc-shaped grooves. A spring is fixedly installed between the rubber slider and the protrusion.

[0016] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0017] The arc-shaped track is installed with the same curvature as the tunnel, and the moving block slides back and forth along the track, so that the laser displacement sensor can cover the entire circumference of the tunnel, avoiding the blind spots of traditional single-point monitoring, ensuring comprehensive detection of tunnel deformation. Moreover, the laser displacement sensor has intermittent detection of a certain point in the tunnel, and the detection data before and after can be compared to determine the displacement deformation rate of the tunnel per unit time. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the arc-shaped track structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the reflector structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the movable block of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the buffer device structure of this utility model.

[0024] In the diagram: 1. Reflector; 2. Arc track; 21. Bolt; 22. Arc groove; 3. Moving block; 4. Reflector sheet; 5. Proximity sensor; 6. Drive component; 61. Gear; 62. Motor; 63. Connecting shaft; 7. Laser displacement sensor; 8. Conductive track; 9. Buffer device; 91. Rubber slider; 92. Spring; 93. Protrusion. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of this utility model described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0026] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] All electrical components mentioned in this article are connected to an external main controller and 220V AC mains power, and the main controller can be a conventional known device such as a computer that can control it.

[0029] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the utility model product is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0030] Reference Figures 1-5 A tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device includes an arc-shaped track 2, which is installed inside an arc-shaped tunnel and maintains the same curvature as the tunnel. The arc-shaped track 2 is made of Q345B high-strength alloy steel and its surface is hot-dip galvanized for rust prevention, ensuring durability in humid tunnel environments. A moving block 3 is slidably fitted onto the surface of the arc-shaped track 2. The moving block 3 is made of lightweight 6061-T6 aluminum alloy material, weighing ≤5kg, to ensure motor drive efficiency. The moving block has a groove inside that mates with the arc-shaped track 2, and the groove surface is inlaid with a wear-resistant copper sleeve to reduce sliding friction. A drive component 6 is located inside the moving block 3 to drive the moving block 3 to reciprocate on the arc-shaped track 2. A laser displacement sensor 7 is fixedly installed on the top of the moving block 3 to monitor tunnel deformation displacement.

[0031] The arc-shaped track 2, installed inside the arc-shaped tunnel with a consistent curvature, provides a movement path for the moving block 3. The drive unit 6 drives the moving block 3 to reciprocate along the arc-shaped track 2. The laser displacement sensor 7 on top of the moving block 3 moves with it, monitoring the tunnel's deformation and displacement in real time during the movement. This design enables full-circumference deformation monitoring of the arc-shaped tunnel, avoiding the limitations of single-point monitoring and providing a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the tunnel's deformation. Furthermore, the reciprocating movement of the moving block 3 allows the laser displacement sensor 7 to pass through various locations within the tunnel multiple times, improving the accuracy and reliability of the monitoring data.

[0032] Furthermore, the driving component 6 includes a motor 62, a gear 61, and a connecting shaft 63. The connecting shaft 63 is fixedly inserted through the gear 61, and the gear 61 is rotatably mounted inside the moving block 3 via the connecting shaft 63. The motor 62 is fixed inside the moving block 3, and the output shaft of the motor 62 is fixed to one end of the connecting shaft 63. The bottom of the arc-shaped track 2 is evenly provided with teeth. The gear 61 and the teeth are matched and mesh with each other. The motor 62 is an explosion-proof DC servo motor with a rated power of 200-300W and a speed of 1000-1500rpm, equipped with an encoder to achieve precise speed regulation. The gear 61 has a module of 2-3 and 20-30 teeth, which matches the module of the teeth at the bottom of the arc-shaped track 2, and the transmission efficiency is ≥90%.

[0033] After motor 62 starts, its output shaft rotates, driving connecting shaft 63 to rotate, which in turn drives gear 61 to rotate. Because the bottom of the arc-shaped track 2 is evenly equipped with teeth, and gear 61 meshes with these teeth, the rotation of gear 61 causes the moving block 3 to move linearly along the arc-shaped track 2. When motor 62 rotates in both directions, the moving block 3 can reciprocate on the arc-shaped track 2. Gear 61 transmission has advantages such as high transmission efficiency, accurate transmission ratio, and reliable operation. By driving gear 61 with motor 62, the movement speed and direction of moving block 3 can be precisely controlled, thereby ensuring that laser displacement sensor 7 can monitor the roadway in a predetermined manner. At the same time, this transmission method has a relatively simple structure, making it easy to install and maintain.

[0034] Furthermore, reflectors 4 are fixed at both ends of the moving block 3, and proximity sensors 5 are installed on the sidewalls of the arc-shaped track 2 near both ends. The proximity sensors 5 are electrically connected to the control system. When the reflectors 4 trigger the proximity sensors 5, the control system controls the motor 62 to reverse, thereby achieving the reciprocating movement of the moving block 3. The reflectors 4 are rectangular thin aluminum plates, 50mm × 20mm in size, with a 3M high-reflectivity film adhered to their surface. The proximity sensors 5 are photoelectric diffuse reflection sensors with a detection distance of 50-100mm and a response time ≤10ms. The control system uses an STM32 series microcontroller.

[0035] When the moving block 3 moves to a position close to both ends of the curved track 2, the reflective plates 4 at both ends of the moving block 3 enter the sensing range of the proximity sensor 5. Upon detecting the reflective plates 4, the proximity sensor 5 sends a signal, which can be used to control the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 62, thereby changing the direction of movement of the moving block 3 and achieving reciprocating movement. The combined use of the proximity sensor 5 and the reflective plates 4 enables the moving block 3 to automatically change direction, avoiding manual intervention and improving the automation level of the device. Furthermore, this non-contact detection method reduces mechanical wear and improves the service life and reliability of the device.

[0036] Furthermore, a reflector 1 is installed above the arc-shaped track 2. The reflector 1 is attached to the inner wall of the arc-shaped tunnel. A monitoring gap is reserved between the laser displacement sensor 7 and the reflector 1 to avoid contact interference. The surface of the reflector 1 is polished to enhance the laser reflection effect. The reflector 1 is made of 304 stainless steel with a thickness of 2-3mm and the surface is polished to Ra0.8μm with a reflectivity of ≥85%.

[0037] A laser displacement sensor 7 is fixed to the top of the moving block 3. During the movement of the moving block 3, the laser displacement sensor 7 emits a laser beam towards the reflector 1. The laser beam is reflected back after hitting the reflector 1 and is received by the sensor. By measuring the time difference or phase difference between laser emission and reception, the distance between the sensor and the reflector 1 is calculated. When the tunnel deforms, the reflector 1 moves along with the tunnel wall, and the distance between the sensor and the reflector 1 changes accordingly, thus detecting the deformation displacement of the tunnel. The reflector 1 is attached to the inner wall of the curved tunnel, allowing for a more accurate reflection of the tunnel wall deformation. A gap exists between the laser displacement sensor 7 and the reflector 1, avoiding mechanical contact, reducing measurement errors, and improving monitoring accuracy. Simultaneously, the reflector 1 enhances the laser reflection effect, making it easier for the sensor to receive the reflected light and improving measurement stability.

[0038] Furthermore, a conductive rail 8 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the arc-shaped rail 2. The motor 62 draws power through the contact of the conductive rail 8 with the brush. The conductive rail 8 is made of copper-nickel alloy with a resistivity of ≤0.02Ω・mm² / m and is silver-plated on the surface to reduce contact resistance.

[0039] The brushes are made of graphite-copper composite material with a contact pressure of 0.1-0.3MPa to ensure stable power supply.

[0040] The conductive rail 8, fixedly installed on the side wall of the arc-shaped track 2, is continuously energized. The motor 62 inside the moving block 3 obtains electrical energy through contact with the conductive rail 8 via brushes. As the moving block 3 moves along the arc-shaped track 2, the brushes remain in contact with the conductive rail 8, ensuring a continuous power supply to the motor 62 to drive the movement of the moving block 3. This power supply method using the conductive rail 8 and brushes avoids the use of power cables, reducing wire tangling and wear, and improving the safety and reliability of the device. Furthermore, this power supply method ensures stable power supply to the motor 62 during movement, unaffected by its location.

[0041] Furthermore, bolts 21 are provided at both ends of the arc-shaped track 2, and the arc-shaped track 2 is fixedly installed on the roadway floor by bolts 21.

[0042] The arc-shaped track 2 is fixed to the roadway floor using bolts 21 at both ends. The tightening action of the bolts 21 ensures a tight connection between the arc-shaped track 2 and the roadway floor, guaranteeing its stable position within the roadway. This bolt-fixing method is simple to install and easy to disassemble, facilitating the installation and maintenance of the device. Simultaneously, this fixing method ensures the stability of the arc-shaped track 2 within the roadway, preventing track swaying or displacement from affecting the movement of the moving block 3 and the monitoring accuracy of the laser displacement sensor 7.

[0043] Furthermore, it also includes a signal processing unit and an alarm module. The laser displacement sensor 7 is electrically connected to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit is used to receive the displacement data collected by the laser displacement sensor 7 and compare it with a preset threshold. When the displacement data exceeds the preset threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm module to issue an alarm.

[0044] Furthermore, buffer devices 9 are provided at both ends of the arc-shaped track 2 to absorb the impact force when the moving block 3 changes direction, protecting the moving block 3 and the arc-shaped track 2. The buffer device 9 includes a spring 92 and a rubber slider 91. Protrusions 93 are fixed on the side walls of the arc-shaped track 2 near both ends. Arc-shaped grooves 22 are opened on the surface of the arc-shaped track 2 near both ends. Rubber sliders 91 are slidably connected inside the arc-shaped grooves 22. Springs 92 are fixedly installed between the rubber sliders 91 and the protrusions 93. The rubber sliders 91 are made of nitrile rubber with a Shore hardness of 70A. The clearance between the rubber sliders 91 and the arc-shaped grooves 22 is 0.5-1mm, which ensures smooth sliding and provides sufficient buffer.

[0045] Furthermore, both the laser displacement sensor 7 and the proximity sensor 5 are equipped with protective covers to adapt to the humid and dusty environment inside the tunnel, ensuring a laser penetration rate of ≥90%. The surface of the protective cover for the laser displacement sensor 7 needs to be polished or coated to reduce reflection and scattering. When designing the protective cover, it is necessary to ensure that the laser emission path is perpendicular to the surface of the protective cover to avoid optical path deviation. The proximity sensor 5 is a photoelectric proximity sensor, and the protective cover for the photoelectric proximity sensor 5 is made of transparent material, ensuring that the light-transmitting area is unobstructed.

[0046] In summary, the arc of the arc track 2 was marked on the roadway floor, and the arc was calibrated using a laser rangefinder to ensure concentricity with the roadway wall.

[0047] The two ends of the arc-shaped track 2 are fixed to the ground by bolts 21.

[0048] Install the moving block 3 onto the arc-shaped track 2, adjust its sliding smoothness, and add grease to reduce friction.

[0049] Install the laser displacement sensor 7 on the top of the moving block 3, adjust its emission direction to be perpendicular to the reflector 1, and control the monitoring gap to 5-10mm.

[0050] The proximity sensor 5 is fixed at both ends of the track and aligned with the movement path of the reflector 4 to ensure detection accuracy.

[0051] The accuracy of the laser displacement sensor 7 should be tested using a standard rangefinder, and the error should be ≤0.5mm.

[0052] Start motor 62 and observe whether moving block 3 triggers reversal through proximity sensor 5 when it approaches the end of the track. Repeat the test 10 times. The reversal success rate must be ≥99%.

[0053] According to the roadway safety standards, the accuracy of the alarm module's response was tested by setting the displacement alarm threshold through the signal processing unit.

[0054] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claimed utility model. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device, characterized in that, Includes an arc-shaped track (2), which is installed inside the arc-shaped tunnel and maintains the same curvature as the arc-shaped tunnel; The movable block (3) is slidably fitted onto the surface of the arc-shaped track (2); A driving component (6) is disposed inside the moving block (3) to drive the moving block (3) to reciprocate on the arc track (2); A laser displacement sensor (7) is fixedly installed on the top of the moving block (3) to monitor the deformation and displacement of the tunnel. A reflector (1) is provided above the arc-shaped track (2). The reflector (1) is attached to the inner wall of the arc-shaped tunnel. There is a gap between the laser displacement sensor (7) and the reflector (1).

2. The tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving component (6) includes a motor (62), a gear (61) and a connecting shaft (63). The connecting shaft (63) is fixedly inserted through the gear (61). The gear (61) is rotatably mounted inside the moving block (3) through the connecting shaft (63). The motor (62) is fixed inside the moving block (3). The output shaft of the motor (62) and one end of the connecting shaft (63) are fixed. The bottom of the arc-shaped track (2) is evenly provided with teeth. The gear (61) and the teeth are matched and mesh with each other.

3. The tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Reflectors (4) are fixed at both ends of the moving block (3), and proximity sensors (5) are provided on the sidewalls of the arc track (2) near both ends.

4. The tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The side wall of the arc track (2) is fixedly installed with a conductive track (8), and the motor (62) draws power through the contact of the conductive track (8) with the brush.

5. The tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both ends of the arc-shaped track (2) are provided with bolts (21), and the arc-shaped track (2) is fixedly installed on the roadway ground by bolts (21).

6. The tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a signal processing unit and an alarm module. The laser displacement sensor (7) is electrically connected to the signal processing unit. The signal processing unit is used to receive the displacement data collected by the laser displacement sensor (7) and compare it with a preset threshold. When the displacement data exceeds the preset threshold, the signal processing unit triggers the alarm module to issue an alarm.

7. The tunnel deformation monitoring and alarm device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the arc track (2) are provided with buffer devices to absorb the impact force when the moving block (3) changes direction, and to protect the moving block (3) and the arc track (2). The buffer device includes a spring and a rubber slider. The side wall of the arc track (2) is fixed with protrusions (93) near both ends. The surface of the arc track (2) is provided with arc grooves (22) near both ends. The inside of the arc grooves (22) is slidably connected with rubber sliders (91). A spring (92) is fixedly installed between the rubber sliders (91) and the protrusions (93).

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