Automatic protection type safe bone drill

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to an automatic protection type safety bone drill which comprises a drill bit, a transmission shaft, a second ratchet wheel, a first ratchet wheel, a positioning cylinder and a driver. One end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the drill bit, and the other end is inserted into an inner hole of the second ratchet and fixedly connected to the first ratchet; first ratchets are arranged on the face, facing the second ratchet wheel, of the first ratchet wheel. Second ratchets matched with the first ratchets are arranged on the second ratchet wheel; an output shaft of the driver is connected to the transmission cylinder, and a clamping groove is formed in the transmission cylinder. The transmission cylinder is connected to the positioning cylinder; the first ratchet wheel and the second ratchet wheel are both arranged in an inner hole of the positioning cylinder, and the second ratchet wheel is located on the side close to the drill bit and fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder; a clamping column is arranged on the transmission shaft, and the first ratchet wheel is connected to the transmission cylinder through an elastic reset assembly. Therefore, the problems that in a clinical operation, when a bone drill is adopted for drilling, self-protection cannot be achieved, the working state of the drill bit cannot be effectively controlled, and the accidental injury risk exists are solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, and particularly relates to an automatic protection type safe bone drill. BACKGROUND

[0002] Bone drilling is a common surgical operation in clinical surgery, which is used for craniopuncture biopsy in neurosurgery, local reconstruction of the spine in spinal surgery, and installation of joint replacement prosthesis in joint surgery.

[0003] In the traditional design of a bone drill, a motor rotates at high speed, and the speed is reduced and the torque is increased through a reduction gearbox, so as to drive a drill chuck and a drill bit to complete the rotary drilling function. The inside and below of the human body are mainly composed of bone marrow, nerves, blood vessels and other soft tissues. During orthopedic surgery, the surgical instruments should be prevented from contacting these soft tissues as much as possible, so as to avoid irreversible damage to these soft tissues. However, during drilling, the doctor needs to exert a certain pressure with both hands to achieve the effect. After the bone drill penetrates the bone, the force exerted by the doctor cannot be quickly withdrawn, which can easily cause the drill bit to continue to advance and damage the soft tissues below. Therefore, it is impossible to completely avoid the collateral damage to the soft tissues of the human body during surgery.

[0004] In view of the problem that the bone drill cannot be self-protected during drilling in clinical surgery, the working state of the drill bit cannot be effectively controlled, and there is a risk of injury, a more reasonable technical solution needs to be proposed to solve the current technical problem. CONTENT OF THE UTILITY MODEL

[0005] The utility model aims at providing an automatic protection type safe bone drill to solve the problem that the bone drill cannot be self-protected during drilling in clinical surgery, the working state of the drill bit cannot be effectively controlled, and there is a risk of injury.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model provides an automatic protection type safe bone drill, which comprises a drill bit, a transmission shaft, a second ratchet wheel, a first ratchet wheel, a positioning cylinder and a driver. One end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the drill bit, the other end is inserted into the inner hole of the second ratchet wheel and fixedly connected to the first ratchet wheel, and the transmission shaft protrudes from the first ratchet wheel. One side of the first ratchet wheel facing the second ratchet wheel is provided with a first ratchet tooth. The second ratchet wheel is provided with a second ratchet tooth matched with the first ratchet tooth.

[0007] The output shaft of the driver is connected to a transmission cylinder, the transmission cylinder is provided with a clamping groove; the transmission cylinder is fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder; the first ratchet and the second ratchet are arranged in the inner hole of the positioning cylinder, and the second ratchet is located on the side close to the drill bit and is fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder; the transmission shaft is provided with a clamping column matched with the clamping groove, and the first ratchet is connected to the transmission cylinder through an elastic reset assembly;

[0008] The automatic protection type safety bone drill has a drilling state, an idling state and a reaming state.

[0009] In the drilling state, the driver rotates forward, the drill bit is pressed to drive the first ratchet to move away from the second ratchet, so that the clamping column is embedded in the clamping groove; the transmission cylinder is driven by the driver to rotate the drill bit forward through the first ratchet and the transmission shaft.

[0010] In the idling state, the driver rotates forward, the pressing force of the drill bit is reduced or eliminated, the first ratchet is pushed to move towards the second ratchet under the restoring force of the elastic reset assembly, and the clamping column is separated from the clamping groove; the transmission cylinder is driven by the driver to rotate the second ratchet through the positioning cylinder, and the drill bit stops drilling.

[0011] In the reaming state, the driver reverses; the first ratchet moves towards the second ratchet under the restoring force of the elastic reset assembly, and the first ratchet teeth cooperate with the second ratchet teeth; the transmission cylinder is driven by the driver to reverse the second ratchet through the positioning cylinder, the second ratchet drives the first ratchet to rotate, and the drill bit reverses to ream.

[0012] In a possible design, the automatic protection type safety bone drill further comprises a housing connected to the driver.

[0013] The transmission cylinder has a connecting shaft connected to the output shaft of the driver; the connecting shaft is arranged in the housing, and the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the housing through a bearing.

[0014] In a possible design, the clamping column is provided as a cylindrical clamping pin, and the clamping groove is provided as a curved groove matched with the clamping pin.

[0015] In a possible design, the transmission shaft is provided with a clamping hole matched with the clamping column, and the clamping column is inserted into the clamping hole.

[0016] In a possible design, the drill bit is connected to the transmission shaft through a drill clamp.

[0017] In a possible design, the elastic reset assembly is a spiral spring, and two ends of the spring abut against the transmission shaft and the transmission cylinder respectively.

[0018] In a possible design, the transmission cylinder is provided with a guide hole matched with the spiral spring, and the spiral spring is arranged in the guide hole.

[0019] In a possible design, the driver is a speed-reducing motor.

[0020] By the above technical solution, in the drilling process, when the drill bit penetrates the bone, the elastic reset assembly immediately pushes the first ratchet wheel back to make the clamping column disengage from the clamping groove, so as to immediately stop the rotation of the drill bit. This mechanism effectively avoids the irreversible damage to the soft tissue below caused by the continuous advancement of the drill bit. Through this automatic protection design, the bone drill can stop quickly after penetrating the bone, greatly reducing the risk to the soft tissue such as nerves and blood vessels below. In this way, the doctor does not need to manually control the stop of the drill bit, but focuses on applying appropriate pressure, thereby reducing the operation burden, reducing the potential damage to the soft tissue during the operation, improving the safety and success rate of the operation, thereby providing a more reliable tool for clinical surgical operation, and helping to improve the treatment effect and postoperative recovery of the patient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiment or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor on the basis of these drawings.

[0022] Figure 1 is a perspective structural schematic view of the automatic protection type safety bone drill in an embodiment provided by the present application;

[0023] Figure 2 is a sectional structural schematic view of the automatic protection type safety bone drill in an embodiment provided by the present application;

[0024] Figure 3 is a perspective structural schematic view of the automatic protection type safety bone drill in an embodiment provided by the present application, part of the cylinder is removed to show the internal structure;

[0025] Figure 4 is Figure 3 an enlarged structural schematic view of part A in FIG.

[0026] Figure 5It is the structure schematic diagram of the automatic protection type safety bone drill middle transmission cylinder in one embodiment provided by the utility model.

[0027] Figure 6 It is the structure schematic diagram of the automatic protection type safety bone drill middle transmission cylinder in one embodiment provided by the utility model.

[0028] In the above-mentioned drawing: 11-drill head, 12-drill clamp, 2-transmission shaft, 21-clamping column, 3-first ratchet wheel, 31-first ratchet tooth, 4-second ratchet wheel, 41-second ratchet tooth, 5-positioning cylinder, 6-driver, 7-transmission cylinder, 71-clamping groove, 72-connecting shaft, 73-guiding hole, 8-elastic reset component, 9-housing, 10-bearing. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The utility model will be further described in connection with the drawings and specific embodiments. It needs to be explained here that the description of these embodiment modes is used for helping understanding the utility model and does not constitute the limitation of the utility model. The specific structure and functional details disclosed in this paper are only used for describing the embodiment of the utility model example. However, the utility model can be embodied in many alternative forms, and should not be understood as being limited in the embodiments set forth in this paper.

[0030] According to the first aspect of the utility model, an automatic protection type safety bone drill is provided. Wherein, Figures 1 to 6 One of the specific embodiments is shown.

[0031] Referring to Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the automatic protection type safety bone drill includes drill head 11, transmission shaft 2, second ratchet wheel 4, first ratchet wheel 3, positioning cylinder 5 and driver 6. Drill head 11 is used for drilling bone, transmission shaft 2 connects drill head 11 and first ratchet wheel 3, and transmits rotary power. Second ratchet wheel 4 is fixed in positioning cylinder 5, close to drill head 11 side, is equipped with second ratchet tooth 41. First ratchet wheel 3 is connected with transmission shaft 2, and the side facing second ratchet wheel 4 is equipped with first ratchet tooth 31, and can move along transmission shaft 2. Positioning cylinder 5 contains first ratchet wheel 3 and second ratchet wheel 4, and is fixedly connected with transmission cylinder 7. Driver 6: provides power, and its output shaft is connected with transmission cylinder 7. One end of transmission shaft 2 is fixedly connected to drill head 11, the other end is inserted in the inner hole of second ratchet wheel 4 and is fixedly connected to first ratchet wheel 3, and transmission shaft 2 protrudes from first ratchet wheel 3;Wherein, the side of first ratchet wheel 3 facing second ratchet wheel 4 is equipped with first ratchet tooth 31;Second ratchet wheel 4 is equipped with second ratchet tooth 41 matched with first ratchet tooth 31.

[0032] The output shaft of the driver 6 is connected to a transmission cylinder 7, which is provided with a clamping groove 71; the transmission cylinder 7 is fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder 5; the first ratchet wheel 3 and the second ratchet wheel 4 are arranged in the inner hole of the positioning cylinder 5, and the second ratchet wheel 4 is located on the side close to the drill bit 11 and is fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder 5; the transmission shaft 2 is provided with a clamping column 21 matched with the clamping groove 71, and the first ratchet wheel 3 is connected to the transmission cylinder 7 through the elastic reset assembly 8.

[0033] The automatic protection type safety bone drill has a drilling state, an idling state and a reaming state.

[0034] In the drilling state, the driver 6 rotates forward, the drill bit 11 is pressed to drive the first ratchet wheel 3 to move away from the second ratchet wheel 4, so that the clamping column 21 is embedded in the clamping groove 71; the transmission cylinder 7 is driven by the driver 6 to drive the drill bit 11 to rotate forward through the first ratchet wheel 3 and the transmission shaft 2.

[0035] In the idling state, the driver 6 rotates forward, the pressing force of the drill bit 11 is reduced or eliminated, the first ratchet wheel 3 is pushed to move towards the second ratchet wheel 4 under the restoring force of the elastic reset assembly 8, and the clamping column 21 is separated from the clamping groove 71; the transmission cylinder 7 is driven by the driver 6 to drive the second ratchet wheel 4 to rotate through the positioning cylinder 5, and the drill bit 11 stops drilling.

[0036] In the reaming state, the driver 6 reverses; the first ratchet wheel 3 moves towards the second ratchet wheel 4 under the restoring force of the elastic reset assembly 8, and the first ratchet tooth 31 cooperates with the second ratchet tooth 41; the transmission cylinder 7 is driven by the driver 6 to drive the second ratchet wheel 4 to reverse through the positioning cylinder 5, the second ratchet wheel 4 drives the first ratchet wheel 3 to rotate, and the drill bit 11 reverses to ream.

[0037] The working principle of the automatic protection type safety bone drill is as follows:

[0038] 1. Drilling state: the driver 6 rotates forward to drive the transmission cylinder 7 to rotate. The doctor applies pressure to make the drill bit 11 start to drill the bone. The pressure of the drill bit 11 drives the first ratchet wheel 3 to move away from the second ratchet wheel 4. The clamping column 21 on the transmission shaft 2 is embedded in the clamping groove 71 in the transmission cylinder 7, ensuring that the transmission shaft 2 and the transmission cylinder 7 rotate synchronously. The transmission cylinder 7 drives the drill bit 11 to rotate forward through the first ratchet wheel 3 and the transmission shaft 2, and performs drilling operation.

[0039] 2. Idling state: the driver 6 continues to rotate forward, that is, the driver 6 is still rotating forward, but the drill bit 11 has penetrated the bone or is no longer pressed, so that the pressing force of the drill bit 11 is reduced or eliminated, and the restoring force of the elastic reset assembly 8 pushes the first ratchet wheel 3 to move towards the second ratchet wheel 4. The movement of the first ratchet wheel 3 causes the clamping column 21 to separate from the clamping groove 71, cutting off the power transmission from the transmission cylinder 7 to the transmission shaft 2. Although the transmission cylinder 7 continues to rotate (driving the second ratchet wheel 4 through the positioning cylinder 5), the drill bit 11 stops rotating, preventing further drilling.

[0040] 3. Retracting state: the driver 6 rotates reversely, the restoring force of the elastic restoring assembly 8 moves the first ratchet wheel 3 towards the second ratchet wheel 4 until the first ratchet teeth 31 engage with the second ratchet teeth 41. The transmission cylinder 7 drives the second ratchet wheel 4 to rotate reversely through the positioning cylinder 5. The second ratchet wheel 4 pushes the first ratchet wheel 3 to rotate reversely, and in turn drives the transmission shaft 2 and the drill bit 11 to rotate reversely, realizing the retracting operation.

[0041] Through the above technical solution, during the drilling process, when the drill bit 11 penetrates the bone, the elastic restoring assembly 8 immediately pushes the first ratchet wheel 3 back to make the clamping column 21 disengage from the clamping groove 71, so as to immediately stop the rotation of the drill bit 11. This mechanism effectively avoids the irreversible damage to the soft tissue below caused by the continuous advancement of the drill bit 11. Through this automatic protection design, the bone drill can stop quickly after drilling through the bone, greatly reducing the risk to the soft tissue such as nerves and blood vessels below. In this way, the doctor does not need to manually control the stop of the drill bit 11, but can focus on applying appropriate pressure, reducing the operation burden, reducing the potential damage to the soft tissue during the operation, and improving the safety and success rate of the operation, thereby providing a more reliable tool for clinical surgical operation, which helps to improve the treatment effect and postoperative recovery of the patient.

[0042] In an embodiment provided in the present disclosure, the automatic protection type safety bone drill further comprises a housing 9 connected to the driver 6, used to accommodate and protect the internal mechanical components, including the driver 6, the transmission cylinder 7 and other components, which can provide physical protection to prevent blood or other body fluids from penetrating during the operation, maintain a clean and sterile environment, and prolong the safety and reliability of the bone drill in use.

[0043] Among them, the transmission cylinder 7 has a connecting shaft 72 connected to the output shaft of the driver 6; the connecting shaft 72 is arranged in the housing 9, and the connecting shaft 72 is rotatably connected to the housing 9 through the bearing 10. The bearing 10 is used to support the connecting shaft 72 and allow it to rotate in the housing 9, which not only realizes the rotatable connection through the bearing 10, but also reduces friction and improves the stability of rotation. In this way, the connecting shaft 72 can rotate smoothly in the housing 9, reducing vibration and noise, and improving the stability of the overall operation.

[0044] The housing 9 is connected to the driver 6 in a detachable manner such as screws, which is convenient for disassembly and cleaning, and facilitates regular maintenance and inspection of internal components. For example, in the case of replacing the bearing 10 or other vulnerable parts, maintenance can be carried out by opening the housing 9.

[0045] The shell 9 can be designed in an ergonomic shape to provide a comfortable grip and reduce hand fatigue for the doctor. In addition, control buttons or a display screen can be provided on the surface of the shell 9 to facilitate real-time monitoring and adjustment of device parameters by the doctor. Furthermore, additional safety features such as an emergency stop button or sensors can be integrated on the shell 9 to further ensure safety during the surgical procedure. The automatic protection safety bone drill protected by the shell 9 can provide stable power output and safety protection during skull drilling, avoiding damage to the tissue.

[0046] In the present disclosure, the clamping column 21 is designed as a cylindrical clamping pin, and the clamping slot 71 is designed as a curved slot matched with the clamping pin.

[0047] The clamping column 21 is made of high-strength and wear-resistant materials such as stainless steel or alloy steel. In the present disclosure, the clamping column 21 is designed as a cylindrical clamping pin, which has a smooth surface and can reduce friction and better withstand radial forces during rotation.

[0048] The clamping slot 71 is designed as a curved slot, which matches the shape of the cylindrical clamping pin to ensure a tight fit between the two. In addition, the design of the curved slot allows the clamping pin to move within a certain range, providing a certain tolerance to improve the reliability of the clamping column 21 and the clamping slot 71.

[0049] In a specific embodiment, the transmission shaft 2 is provided with a clamping hole matched with the clamping column 21, and the clamping column 21 is inserted into the clamping hole to ensure a tight fit between the two, ensuring synchronous rotation between the transmission shaft 2 and the transmission cylinder 7, improving transmission efficiency and stability. In addition, the clamping hole and the clamping column 21 are inserted to make the assembly process more simple and intuitive, which is beneficial to reduce the assembly time and difficulty. When it is necessary to replace or maintain the transmission shaft 2 or other components, a simple disassembly operation can be performed to facilitate maintenance.

[0050] Specifically, the clamping column 21 and the clamping hole adopt an interference fit or a transition fit to ensure that the clamping column 21 can be firmly fixed in the clamping hole, which can reduce the risk of loosening and improve the stability of the transmission.

[0051] In actual application, the clamping column 21 should be made of high-strength, wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or alloy steel. The transmission shaft 2 should also have good wear resistance and machining precision to ensure the reliability of long-term use.

[0052] Further, the drill bit 11 is connected to the transmission shaft 2 through the drill chuck 12.

[0053] The drill chuck 12 is a device for fixing the drill bit 11, which is fixed on the transmission shaft 2 in a certain way (such as threaded connection, quick-change interface, etc.), to ensure that the drill bit 11 can be firmly installed and transmit rotary power. Thus, a reliable connection is provided by the drill chuck 12, ensuring that the drill bit 11 will not accidentally fall off during operation, improving the safety of the operation.

[0054] In actual application, by using the drill chuck 12, the doctor can quickly replace different types of drill bits 11 as needed to adapt to different surgical needs.

[0055] In an embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the elastic reset assembly 8 is configured as a spiral spring, and the two ends of the spring abut against the transmission shaft 2 and the transmission cylinder 7, respectively, so that the spring can exert a continuous restoring force on the first ratchet wheel 3, ensuring that it can quickly reset when needed.

[0056] In the drilling state, the pressure applied by the doctor makes the first ratchet wheel 3 move away from the second ratchet wheel 4, compressing the spiral spring. When the drill bit 11 penetrates the bone or the pressure decreases / eliminates, the restoring force of the spiral spring pushes the first ratchet wheel 3 to move towards the second ratchet wheel 4, making the clamping column 21 disengage from the clamping groove 71, and immediately stopping the rotation of the drill bit 11.

[0057] The spiral spring can quickly release the stored energy to reset the first ratchet wheel 3, ensuring that the drill bit 11 stops rotating immediately after penetrating the bone, protecting the soft tissue below.

[0058] In an embodiment provided by the present disclosure, the transmission cylinder 7 is provided with a guide hole 73 matched with the spiral spring, and the spiral spring is arranged in the guide hole 73. The design of the guide hole 73 makes the spiral spring maintain a straight-line motion during compression and restoration, avoiding deviation or jam caused by lateral force, and improving the overall stability of the bone screw during operation. In addition, the guide hole 73 can also provide stable support for the spiral spring, reduce friction between the spring and the surrounding structure, prolong the service life of the spring, help to maintain the elasticity and restoring force of the spring, and ensure long-term reliable performance. By limiting the motion path of the spiral spring through the guide hole 73, the size and direction of the restoring force can be more accurately controlled, ensuring that the first ratchet wheel 3 can be accurately reset under different conditions.

[0059] In the present disclosure, the driver is configured as a reduction motor. The reduction motor is a device that integrates a motor and a reducer, which can provide high rotational speed while achieving larger torque output. The output shaft of the reduction motor is fixed to the transmission cylinder 7 through key connection or other means, ensuring the efficiency and stability of power transmission, and helping to cope with the drilling needs of hard bones, ensuring the smooth progress of the drilling process.

[0060] Finally, it should be noted that the utility model is not limited to the above optional embodiments, and anyone can derive other various forms of products under the inspiration of the utility model. The above specific embodiments should not be understood as limiting the protection scope of the utility model, and the protection scope of the utility model should be defined in the claims, and the specification can be used to explain the claims.

Claims

1. An automatic guard safety bone drill characterized in that, The automatic protective safety bone drill comprises a drill bit, a transmission shaft, a first ratchet wheel, a second ratchet wheel, a positioning cylinder and a driver; one end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected to the drill bit, the other end is inserted into the inner hole of the second ratchet wheel and fixedly connected to the first ratchet wheel, and the transmission shaft protrudes from the first ratchet wheel; one side of the first ratchet wheel facing the second ratchet wheel is provided with first ratchet teeth; the second ratchet wheel is provided with second ratchet teeth matched with the first ratchet teeth; The output shaft of the driver is connected to a transmission cylinder, the transmission cylinder is provided with a clamping groove, the transmission cylinder is fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder, the first ratchet wheel and the second ratchet wheel are arranged in the inner hole of the positioning cylinder, the second ratchet wheel is located on the side close to the drill bit and is fixedly connected to the positioning cylinder, the transmission shaft is provided with a clamping column matched with the clamping groove, and the first ratchet wheel is connected to the transmission cylinder through an elastic reset assembly. The automatic protective safety bone drill has a drilling state, an idling state and a reaming state. In the drilling state, the driver rotates forward, the drill bit is pressed to drive the first ratchet wheel to move away from the second ratchet wheel, so that the clamping column is embedded in the clamping groove; the transmission cylinder is driven by the driver to rotate the drill bit forward through the first ratchet wheel and the transmission shaft. In the idling state, the driver rotates forward, the pressing force of the drill bit is reduced or eliminated, the first ratchet wheel is pushed to move towards the second ratchet wheel under the restoring force of the elastic reset assembly, and the clamping column is separated from the clamping groove; the transmission cylinder is driven by the driver to rotate the second ratchet wheel through the positioning cylinder, and the drill bit stops drilling. In the reaming state, the driver reverses; the first ratchet wheel moves towards the second ratchet wheel under the restoring force of the elastic reset assembly, and the first ratchet teeth are matched with the second ratchet teeth; the transmission cylinder is driven by the driver to reverse the second ratchet wheel through the positioning cylinder, the second ratchet wheel drives the first ratchet wheel to rotate, and the drill bit reverses to ream.

2. The self-shielded safety bone drill of claim 1, wherein, The automatic protective safety bone drill further comprises a housing connected to the driver. The transmission cylinder has a connecting shaft connected to the output shaft of the driver; the connecting shaft is arranged in the housing, and the connecting shaft is rotatably connected to the housing through a bearing.

3. The self-shielded safety bone drill of claim 1, wherein, The clamping column is provided as a cylindrical clamping pin, and the clamping groove is provided as a curved groove matched with the clamping pin.

4. The self-shielded safety bone drill of claim 1, wherein, The transmission shaft is provided with a clamping hole matched with the clamping column, and the clamping column is inserted into the clamping hole.

5. The self-shielded safety bone drill of claim 1, wherein, The drill bit is connected to the transmission shaft through a drill clamp.

6. The self-shielded safety bone drill of claim 1, wherein, The elastic reset assembly is provided as a spiral spring, and the two ends of the spiral spring abut against the transmission shaft and the transmission cylinder respectively.

7. The self-shielded safety bone drill of claim 6, wherein, The transmission cylinder is provided with a guide hole matched with the spiral spring, and the spiral spring is arranged in the guide hole.

8. The self-shielded safety bone drill of claim 1, wherein, The driver is provided as a reduction motor.

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