Elevator hydraulic buffer with built-in spring and flexibly-installed plunger

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of elevator equipment, in particular to an elevator hydraulic buffer with a flexibly installed plunger with a built-in spring, which comprises a pressure cylinder, hydraulic oil is arranged in the pressure cylinder, the plunger is arranged on the pressure cylinder in a sliding mode, a groove is arranged on the upper side of the plunger, and a buffer rubber pad is installed at the upper end of the plunger. The adjusting rod is installed on the pressure cylinder, a spring seat is fixedly arranged above the adjusting rod, and a compression spring is fixedly installed on the spring seat; and the switch hitting rod is fixedly installed on the outer side of the plunger, a support installed on the pressure cylinder is arranged on the lower side of the switch hitting rod, and a travel switch is installed on the support. According to the hydraulic buffer for the elevator with the flexibly-installed plunger with the built-in spring, the pipe contracting technology is adopted, the reducing function of a spacer sleeve is replaced, the buffer adopts the two abrasion-resistant strips arranged up and down for guiding, the friction coefficient is extremely low, the switch hitting rod is made of battens, the switch hitting rod can be prevented from rotating, and practicability is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of elevator equipment technology, and in particular to a hydraulic damper for elevators with a spring-embedded plunger that is flexibly installed. Background Technology

[0002] Hydraulic buffer: An elevator hydraulic buffer is an energy-consuming buffer device, serving as the last line of defense in the elevator safety system. Its core principle utilizes the viscous damping properties of hydraulic oil to convert the kinetic energy of the elevator car or counterweight during a fall into heat energy, thus achieving smooth braking. Plunger and return spring: Composed of a pressure cylinder, plunger, nozzle (damping orifice), adjusting rod, return spring, and hydraulic oil. When the piston is impacted, it squeezes the hydraulic oil. The oil generates resistance through the damping orifice, consuming energy. When the load is removed, the return spring resets the plunger, and the hydraulic oil also flows back into the pressure cylinder through the nozzle. Built-in spring: The return spring is located inside the plunger and is not visible from the outside.

[0003] Hydraulic buffers are a core component of elevator safety systems, serving as the "last line of defense" in the event of an elevator malfunction. Their primary function is to absorb the kinetic energy of the car or counterweight during an abnormal fall, achieving smooth deceleration through hydraulic damping to prevent impact with the pit or overshoot and subsequent accidents. When the elevator falls abnormally, the plunger is pressurized, causing hydraulic oil to slowly exit from the nozzle. The resistance to oil flow creates a damping force, gradually reducing the car's speed until it stops. The return spring then pushes the piston back to its original position, preparing for the next buffering operation. Hydraulic buffers are suitable for elevators of all speeds (especially high-speed elevators), effectively avoiding the rebound risk of spring-type buffers. The buffering process is smooth and uniform without rebound, and has strong energy absorption capacity, effectively reducing equipment damage and ensuring the safety of passengers' lives and property.

[0004] Existing hydraulic buffers still have some problems. First, traditional hydraulic buffers generally use a guide sleeve installed on the upper end of the pressure cylinder to guide and change the diameter. However, in order to prevent scratching the plunger, gray iron or other materials with low friction coefficient and low hardness are generally used. This increases the manufacturing cost of the buffer and weakens the product's competitiveness in the market. Second, traditional buffers are prone to jamming when the force is uneven, causing the buffer to fail to reset properly. Third, traditional buffer switch levers are made of square steel or slats. Although square steel has high strength, its manufacturing cost is high. Moreover, since square steel cannot be bent, a mounting seat usually needs to be added to the upper end of the plunger, which not only further increases the cost but also makes the replacement process cumbersome. On the other hand, the switch levers made of slats have lower strength and are mostly fixed with a single bolt, which cannot prevent the switch lever from deflecting and is very easy to damage during the pressing process. Finally, because traditional buffers are not designed with static sealing in mind, shipping the buffer after filling it with oil may contaminate the packaging box. Therefore, the product and hydraulic oil need to be shipped separately, which not only increases the packaging cost of the hydraulic oil but also increases the volume and transportation cost. Therefore, a hydraulic damper for elevators with a spring-embedded plunger and flexible mounting is needed to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this utility model embodiment is to provide a hydraulic damper for elevators with a spring-embedded plunger flexibly installed, aiming to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] This utility model embodiment is implemented as follows: a hydraulic damper for elevators with a spring-embedded plunger flexibly installed, comprising: a pressure cylinder containing hydraulic oil, a plunger slidably mounted on the pressure cylinder, a groove on the upper side of the plunger, and a buffer rubber pad mounted on the upper end of the plunger; an adjusting rod mounted on the pressure cylinder, a spring seat fixedly mounted above the adjusting rod, a compression spring fixedly mounted on the spring seat, the plunger being able to slide along the pressure cylinder and compress the compression spring; and a switch lever fixedly mounted on the outside of the plunger, a bracket mounted on the pressure cylinder on the lower side of the switch lever, a limit switch mounted on the bracket, and downward movement of the plunger causing the switch lever mounted on the outside of the plunger to move, thereby activating the limit switch.

[0007] Preferably, the guide portion at the front end of the pressure cylinder, which is 65mm in diameter, retracts inward to reduce the diameter of the 70mm outer diameter circular tube at the front end to 67mm.

[0008] Preferably, the guide portion of the pressure cylinder has a groove, and multiple grooves are provided. A felt ring, a first wear-resistant strip, a first O-ring, a second O-ring, and a second wear-resistant strip are sequentially installed on the multiple grooves. The felt ring is used to prevent foreign objects from entering the pressure cylinder. The first and second wear-resistant strips are used for guidance. The first and second O-rings seal the pressure cylinder.

[0009] Preferably, the upper end of the switch lever adopts a convex structure design and is installed in the groove opened at the upper end of the plunger. The lower side of the pressure cylinder is fixedly provided with an upper guide hole and a lower guide hole, which are used to guide the switch lever.

[0010] Preferably, the neck of the buffer rubber pad is designed with a third sealing ring to prevent hydraulic oil inside the pressure cylinder from flowing out from the upper oil injection hole, and the bottom of the buffer rubber pad is provided with a hook-shaped protrusion to prevent the buffer rubber pad from falling off as a whole.

[0011] Preferably, the lower end spring seat of the compression spring is floating, and the spring seat is used to perform angle compensation on its own to make the buffer reset process smoother.

[0012] Beneficial effects:

[0013] This utility model provides a flexible, spring-embedded elevator hydraulic buffer that utilizes a tube-shrinking technology to replace the diameter-changing function of the spacer sleeve. Furthermore, the tolerance fit between the plunger and the pressure cylinder employs a clearance fit. Wear-resistant strips are used at both ends as guide components, which not only reduces the friction coefficient but also provides excellent passability due to their softer material, thus completely replacing the spacer sleeve. The buffer uses two upper and lower wear-resistant strips as guides, resulting in an extremely low friction coefficient. Combined with the soft material of the wear-resistant strips, when uneven or skewed force occurs, the guides automatically adjust according to the change in the bearing point, greatly reducing mechanical jamming and minimizing the possibility of the buffer failing to reset properly. The spring seat fixing the lower end of the compression spring uses a floating design. The spring seat can automatically compensate for angular deviations when the force is applied (e.g., uneven rigidity during spring production, localized friction between the spring and the inner wall of the plunger, etc.), making the buffer reset process smoother. The switch lever is made of slats with a convex structure design at the top, and is fixed in the groove at the top of the plunger. This installation method prevents the switch lever from rotating and avoids stress on the mounting bolts, thus balancing its own strength and reducing costs. The buffer seal has been optimized. The seal between the plunger and the pressure cylinder uses double O-rings to reduce the risk of oil leakage. In addition, the buffer rubber gasket at the top of the buffer has been optimized for sealing, greatly improving the buffer's sealing design with almost no increase in cost. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a hydraulic damper for elevators, in which a spring-loaded plunger is flexibly mounted.

[0015] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the external appearance of a hydraulic damper for elevators, in which a spring-embedded plunger is flexibly mounted.

[0016] Figure 3An internal schematic diagram of a hydraulic damper for elevators, in which a spring-loaded plunger is flexibly mounted.

[0017] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a pressure cylinder for a hydraulic damper in an elevator, where a spring-loaded plunger is flexibly mounted.

[0018] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the switch lever installation for a hydraulic damper in an elevator, where the spring-loaded plunger is flexibly mounted.

[0019] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the third sealing ring of a hydraulic damper for elevators, which is flexibly installed for a spring-embedded plunger.

[0020] In the attached diagram: 1-Pressure cylinder, 2-Plunger, 3-Buffer rubber pad, 4-Adjusting rod, 5-Spring seat, 6-Compression spring, 7-Switch lever, 8-Bracket, 9-Limit switch, 11-Felt ring, 12-First wear-resistant strip, 13-First O-ring seal, 14-Second O-ring seal, 15-Second wear-resistant strip, 21-Upper guide hole, 22-Lower guide hole, 31-Third sealing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and do not limit the present utility model.

[0022] The specific implementation of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0023] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 This utility model provides a spring-embedded plunger-flexibly mounted hydraulic damper for elevators, comprising:

[0024] A pressure cylinder 1 is filled with hydraulic oil, and a plunger 2 is slidably mounted on the pressure cylinder 1. A groove is formed on the upper side of the plunger 2, and a buffer rubber pad 3 is installed on the upper end of the plunger 2. An adjusting rod 4 is mounted on the pressure cylinder 1, and a spring seat 5 is fixedly mounted above the adjusting rod 4. A compression spring 6 is fixedly mounted on the spring seat 5, and the plunger 2 can slide along the pressure cylinder 1 and compress the compression spring 6. A switch lever 7 is fixedly mounted on the outside of the plunger 2, and a bracket 8 mounted on the pressure cylinder 1 is provided on the lower side of the switch lever 7. A limit switch 9 is mounted on the bracket 8. Moving the plunger 2 downward can move the switch lever 7 mounted on the outside of the plunger 2 to activate the limit switch 9.

[0025] When the elevator falls, it first contacts the buffer rubber pad 3, which then compresses the plunger 2 downwards. At this point, hydraulic oil inside the pressure cylinder 1 sprays out through the gap between the plunger 2 and the adjusting rod 4, absorbing the impact energy. Since the spring seat 5 is fixed above the adjusting rod 4 and does not move downwards with the plunger 2, the compression spring 6 is compressed and stores energy. The first O-ring 13 and the second O-ring 14 between the plunger 2 and the pressure cylinder, under pressure, fill the gap, preventing hydraulic oil from spraying out. As the plunger 2 moves downwards, the switch lever 7 installed on the outside of the plunger 2 moves through the groove below it, actuating the limit switch and breaking the safety circuit. The elevator's kinetic energy is ultimately absorbed, and under gravity, the plunger 2 is slowly compressed until its maximum stroke. Most of the hydraulic oil inside the pressure cylinder 1 also enters the plunger 2. At this point, the buffer is fully compressed, and the internal compression spring 6 is at its designed maximum compression state. Because the buffer rubber pad 3 is compressed by the elevator, it completely covers the top of the plunger 2, forming a seal and preventing hydraulic oil from spraying out. When the elevator is moved, the compression spring 6, under maximum compression, will push the plunger 2 upward under the action of elastic potential energy. At this time, the hydraulic oil inside the plunger 2 will flow back into the pressure cylinder 1 through the gap between the adjusting rod 4 and the lower end of the plunger 2 under negative pressure. Finally, under the action of the elastic force of the compression spring 6, the buffer's mechanical reset is completed. When the groove at the lower end of the switch lever 7 rises to a position that satisfies the reset of the limit switch 9, the limit switch 9 can be reset, completing the electrical reset of the buffer. At this point, the buffer has completed the entire reset process.

[0026] like Figure 4 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the 65mm guide portion at the front end of the pressure cylinder 1 retracts inward to change the diameter of the 70mm outer diameter circular tube at the front end to 67mm.

[0027] By using a steel pipe shrinking machine, the guide section at approximately 65mm from the front end of pressure cylinder 1 is shrunk, making the original 70mm outer diameter round pipe 67mm. The guide section is then processed to replace the function of the spacer sleeve for diameter reduction.

[0028] like Figure 3 As shown in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the guide portion of the pressure cylinder 1 is provided with a groove, and multiple grooves are provided. A felt ring 11, a first wear-resistant strip 12, a first O-ring seal 13, a second O-ring seal 14, and a second wear-resistant strip 15 are sequentially installed on the multiple grooves. The felt ring 11 is used to prevent foreign objects from entering the interior of the pressure cylinder 1. The first wear-resistant strip 12 and the second wear-resistant strip 15 are used for guidance. The first O-ring seal 13 and the second O-ring seal 14 seal the pressure cylinder 1.

[0029] The guide section of pressure cylinder 1 is machined with grooves, and from top to bottom, it consists of: a felt ring 11, a first wear-resistant strip 12, a first O-ring seal 13, a second O-ring seal 14, and a second wear-resistant strip 15. The felt ring 11 prevents foreign objects from entering the pressure cylinder 1. The first wear-resistant strip 12 and the second wear-resistant strip 15 serve as guides. The first O-ring seal 13 and the second O-ring seal 14 seal the pressure cylinder 1, thus replacing the guiding function of the spacer sleeve and optimizing the sealing effect. The guide section uses the first wear-resistant strip 12 and the second wear-resistant strip 15 arranged vertically as guides. They have an extremely low coefficient of friction. In addition, the material of the first wear-resistant strip 12 and the second wear-resistant strip 15 is relatively soft. When uneven force or force deviation occurs, the guide will adjust itself according to the change of the force point, which can significantly improve the situation where the plunger 2 cannot be reset due to jamming.

[0030] like Figure 5 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the upper end of the switch lever 7 adopts a convex structure design and is installed in the groove opened on the upper end of the plunger 2. The lower side of the pressure cylinder 1 is fixedly provided with an upper guide hole 21 and a lower guide hole 22, which are used to guide the switch lever 7.

[0031] The upper end of the switch lever 7 adopts a convex structure design and is installed in the groove at the upper end of the plunger 2. This can effectively prevent the switch lever 7 from rotating due to the installation of a single screw. Moreover, when the limit switch 9 is impacted, the convex and concave parts are subjected to force, avoiding the possibility of bolt breakage due to the force on the installation screw. This reduces costs and improves reliability. The lower end of the switch lever 7 is guided by the upper guide hole 21 and the lower guide hole 22, so that the limit switch 9 can be stably triggered, improving product reliability.

[0032] like Figure 6 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the neck of the buffer rubber pad 3 is designed with a third sealing ring 31 to prevent the hydraulic oil inside the pressure cylinder 1 from flowing out from the upper oil injection hole, and the bottom of the buffer rubber pad 3 is provided with a hook-shaped protrusion to prevent the buffer rubber pad 3 from falling off as a whole.

[0033] The upper end of the plunger 2 is sealed with a buffer rubber pad 3. The neck of the buffer rubber pad 3 is designed with a third sealing ring 31 to prevent the internal hydraulic oil from flowing out from the upper oil injection hole. There is a hook-shaped protrusion at the bottom to prevent the buffer rubber pad 3 from falling off as a whole and causing the seal to fail.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower end spring seat 5 of the compression spring 6 is floatingly mounted, and the spring seat 5 is used to perform angle compensation on its own to make the buffer reset process smoother.

[0035] The lower end spring seat 5 of the compression spring 6 of the buffer is floating. This way, when the reset force is deviated (for example, uneven rigidity caused by the production process of the compression spring 6, or local friction between the compression spring 6 and the inner wall of the plunger 2), the spring seat 5 can compensate for the angle itself, making the buffer reset process smoother.

[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A spring built-in plunger flexible mounted hydraulic buffer for elevators, comprising a pressure cylinder, characterized in that, The pressure cylinder is provided with hydraulic oil, a plunger is slidably arranged on the pressure cylinder, a recess is formed on the upper side of the plunger, and a buffer rubber pad is installed on the upper end of the plunger; An adjusting rod is installed on the pressure cylinder, a spring seat is fixedly arranged above the adjusting rod, a compression spring is fixedly installed on the spring seat, and the plunger can slide along the pressure cylinder and press the compression spring; A switch hitting rod is fixedly installed on the outer side of the plunger, a bracket is arranged on the lower side of the switch hitting rod and installed on the pressure cylinder, a travel switch is installed on the bracket, and the plunger can move downward to move the switch hitting rod installed on the outer side of the plunger to actuate the travel switch.

2. The spring built-in plunger flexible mounted hydraulic buffer for elevators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding portion of the pressure cylinder is inwardly contracted by 65 mm at the front end, so that the outer diameter of the front end is changed from 70 mm to 67 mm.

3. The spring built-in plunger flexible mounted hydraulic buffer for elevators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding portion of the pressure cylinder is provided with grooves, a plurality of grooves are arranged, a plurality of felt rings, first wear-resistant strips, first O-shaped sealing rings, second O-shaped sealing rings and second wear-resistant strips are sequentially installed on the grooves, the felt rings are used to prevent foreign matters from entering the interior of the pressure cylinder, the first wear-resistant strips and the second wear-resistant strips are used for guiding, and the first O-shaped sealing rings and the second O-shaped sealing rings are used to seal the pressure cylinder.

4. The spring built-in plunger flexible mounted hydraulic buffer for elevators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper end of the switch hitting rod is designed in a convex structure and installed in the groove formed on the upper end of the plunger, and an upper guiding hole and a lower guiding hole are fixedly arranged on the lower side of the pressure cylinder and used to guide the switch hitting rod.

5. The spring built-in plunger flexible mounted hydraulic buffer for elevators according to claim 1, characterized in that, A third sealing ring is arranged on the neck of the buffer rubber pad to prevent the hydraulic oil in the pressure cylinder from flowing out of the upper end oil injection hole, and a hook-shaped protrusion is arranged on the bottom of the buffer rubber pad to prevent the buffer rubber pad from falling off as a whole.

6. The spring built-in plunger flexible mounted hydraulic buffer for elevators according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower end spring seat of the compression spring is installed in a floating manner, and the spring seat is used to automatically compensate the angle to make the buffer reset process more smooth.

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