Controllable ventilation device for coal mining

Abstract

The utility model discloses a controllable ventilation device for coal mining, which comprises a ventilation box, an exhaust pipe and an air supply pipe are respectively connected to a ventilation interface on the side surface of the ventilation box, and a backward-inclined impeller and a forward-inclined impeller are respectively mounted in ventilation channels corresponding to the exhaust pipe and the air supply pipe. Ventilation motors are arranged at the connecting positions of the backward-inclined impeller and the forward-inclined impeller respectively, drawing and inserting barrels are fixed to one ends of the backward-inclined impeller and the forward-inclined impeller respectively, adapters are connected to the rotating ends of the ventilation motors, a moving mechanism and a rotating mechanism are arranged on the side faces of the ventilation box respectively, the special impeller is matched with an air draft or air supply mode, and the air draft pipe is provided with the backward-inclined impeller. The air supply pipe is provided with the forward-inclined impeller, it is ensured that the fan efficiency under the two working conditions reaches the optimal level, the ventilation flexibility is improved through independent control of the two motors, the proportion of air supply and air draft can be adjusted according to actual requirements, the underground air circulation effect is optimized, and when the air draft motor is damaged, rotation and translation can be conducted to achieve seamless switching of functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of coal mine ventilation devices, specifically a controllable ventilation device for coal mining. Background Technology

[0002] Ventilation devices are essential during coal mining operations, primarily due to three core requirements: ensuring miners' safety, maintaining a stable mining environment, and meeting mandatory regulatory requirements. In the enclosed space underground, spontaneous combustion of coal continuously releases deadly carbon monoxide and explosive methane, with the risk of explosion increasing exponentially for every 1% increase in their concentration. Simultaneously, the dust generated during operations can cause pneumoconiosis. Therefore, ventilation of the working environment is indispensable during coal mining operations.

[0003] In the prior art, a ventilation and exhaust device for coal mining disclosed in patent publication number "CN215860273U" includes a ventilation and dust removal mechanism, which comprises a fixed box, a water tank, a water inlet pipe, a water pump, nozzles, and a fan. In this invention, coal dust and harmful gases enter the fixed box through a connecting pipe. The water pump is activated to draw water from the water tank, and multiple nozzles spray water. The sprayed water impacts the top of an arc-shaped plate, causing the water to disperse and flow to both sides along the arc-shaped plate, increasing the absorption area and absorption time. This further purifies harmful gases and adsorbs residual coal dust within them. The purified gas is discharged through the connecting box and exhaust hood. By rotating the bolt and moving the U-shaped handle to the right, the U-shaped handle pulls the collection box out of the support box, facilitating the absorption of coal dust and harmful gases and preventing coal dust from entering the fan and causing damage. This improves ventilation efficiency and prevents harmful gases from being released into the atmosphere and harming human health.

[0004] However, existing technologies still have significant shortcomings. Traditional ventilation devices used in coal mines typically employ a single motor with forward and reverse rotation control to achieve bidirectional ventilation. This method results in the impeller never operating under optimal conditions. While the impeller maintains high efficiency when the motor rotates forward, the air delivery efficiency of the backward-curved impeller drops sharply once the reverse mode is switched. Furthermore, switching between forward and reverse rotation requires complex electrical control, and the machine must be shut down for repairs if the motor is damaged, during which time ventilation capacity is completely lost, posing a significant safety hazard in high-gas mine operations. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a controllable ventilation device for coal mining to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a controllable ventilation device for coal mining, comprising a ventilation box, wherein an exhaust pipe and an air supply pipe are respectively connected to the ventilation interface on the side of the ventilation box, and a backward-curved impeller and a forward-curved impeller are respectively installed in the ventilation channels corresponding to the exhaust pipe and the air supply pipe, and a ventilation motor is respectively provided at the connection between the backward-curved impeller and the forward-curved impeller, and a pull-in cylinder is respectively fixed at one end of the backward-curved impeller and the forward-curved impeller, and an adapter is connected to the rotating end of the ventilation motor, wherein a moving mechanism and a rotating mechanism are respectively provided on the side of the ventilation box, the rotating mechanism includes a sleeve plate, and the sleeve plate is sleeved on the surface of the ventilation motor, and a rotating rod is fixed at the center of the sleeve plate, the moving mechanism includes a support leg and a support plate, and a guide rail and a moving connecting rod are provided between the two support legs.

[0007] As can be seen, in the above technical solution, a dedicated impeller is matched with either the exhaust or supply air method. The exhaust pipe is equipped with a backward-curved impeller, and the supply air pipe is equipped with a forward-curved impeller, ensuring that the fan efficiency reaches the optimal level under both working conditions. In the exhaust mode, the backward-curved impeller can efficiently generate negative pressure and quickly expel harmful gases in the coal mine. In the supply air mode, the forward-curved impeller provides stable airflow and ensures a continuous supply of fresh air. The independent control of the dual motors not only improves the flexibility of ventilation, but also allows the ratio of supply air to exhaust air to be adjusted according to actual needs, optimizing the underground air circulation effect. When the exhaust motor is damaged, it can be rotated and translated to achieve seamless switching of functions.

[0008] Preferably, the adapter is connected to the insert cylinder by insertion and withdrawal, and the ventilation box is provided with connectors on both sides, and the connectors are located on the front and back of the ventilation box and distributed vertically.

[0009] As can be seen, in the above technical solution, the connector at the backward-curved impeller can discharge the extracted gas, while the connector at the forward-curved impeller can draw in the gas. The different positions prevent the discharged gas from being drawn in again.

[0010] Preferably, a portion of the surface of the rotating rod is provided with an ear-type limiting member, and the sleeve plate is located at the position of the ear-type limiting member.

[0011] As can be seen, in the above technical solution, the ear-type limiting component mainly plays a limiting role, preventing the sleeve plate from directly connecting with the smooth surface of the rotating rod, thus avoiding slippage.

[0012] Preferably, the ventilation box has a pull-out channel on its side, which is located between the backward-curved impeller and the forward-curved impeller, and the rotating rod is located inside the pull-out channel.

[0013] As can be seen, in the above technical solution, the rotating rod can move and rotate within the pull-out channel, and the pull-out channel can serve as a limit and support for the rotating rod during installation.

[0014] Preferably, a rotating component is mounted on one side of the support plate, and the rotating component is connected to the support portion on one side of the support plate, and the rotating end of the rotating component is connected to the rotating rod.

[0015] As can be seen, in the above technical solution, the rotating component is mainly installed on the support plate, and is connected by the rotating component and rotating rod on the support plate.

[0016] Preferably, a lead screw is installed inside the guide rail, and the moving end of the moving link is sleeved on the surface of the lead screw and threadedly connected to the surface of the lead screw, and the fixed end of the moving link is bolted to the bottom surface of the support plate.

[0017] As can be seen, in the above technical solution, a motor is added to the lead screw to make it rotate, and the movable connecting rod can move linearly along the surface of the lead screw and the guide rail, thereby completing the movement of the support leg and the support plate.

[0018] Preferably, the support plate is perpendicular to the top surface of the support leg, and the support leg is located in the groove on the bottom surface of the ventilation box.

[0019] As can be seen, in the above technical solution, rollers can be added to the bottom of the outriggers to facilitate smoother translation. At the same time, the outriggers are located in the groove at the bottom of the ventilation box and slide along the groove to avoid deviation.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0021] The system employs specialized impellers for both exhaust and supply ventilation. The exhaust duct is equipped with a backward-curved impeller, while the supply duct is equipped with a forward-curved impeller. This ensures optimal fan efficiency in both operating conditions. In exhaust mode, the backward-curved impeller efficiently generates negative pressure, rapidly expelling harmful gases from the coal mine. In supply mode, the forward-curved impeller provides stable airflow, guaranteeing a continuous supply of fresh air. Independent dual-motor control not only enhances ventilation flexibility but also allows adjustment of the supply and exhaust ratio based on actual needs, optimizing underground air circulation. If the exhaust motor fails, the ventilation motor can be moved and rotated 180° along the guide rail. By connecting the connector to the plug-in sleeve on the impeller, the entire process requires no change in motor rotation, ensuring the impeller remains in the set position. The system operates efficiently in both directions, enabling seamless switching of functions. Compared to traditional impeller-based forward and reverse rotation switching for ventilation or air supply, the entire process requires no change in motor rotation. It also keeps the impeller operating at its optimal efficiency point, avoiding the efficiency drop issues common in traditional forward and reverse control. The mechanical switching mechanism is simple in structure, easy to maintain, and requires no frequent adjustments, reducing downtime and labor costs. If a ventilation motor fails, it can be quickly replaced, and ventilation or air supply can continue. This prevents the inability to quickly extract or ventilate toxic gases during coal mining due to a single motor failure. During switching, it maintains 50% ventilation capacity, effectively preventing gas accumulation and ensuring safety during underground operations. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the present utility model;

[0023] Figure 2 This is an isometric view of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a front view of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the interior of the ventilation box of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the replacement of the ventilation motor in this utility model.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Ventilation box; 2. Exhaust duct; 3. Supply duct; 4. Backward-curved impeller; 5. Forward-curved impeller; 6. Connector; 7. Pull-out sleeve; 8. Adapter; 9. Ventilation motor; 10. Moving mechanism; 101. Support leg; 102. Support plate; 103. Guide rail; 104. Lead screw; 105. Moving linkage; 11. Rotating mechanism; 111. Sleeve plate; 112. Rotating rod; 113. Ear-type limiting component; 114. Pull-out channel; 115. Rotating component. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] Please see Figure 1-6 This utility model provides a technical solution:

[0031] Example 1: A ventilation device for controllable coal mining: It includes a ventilation box 1. An exhaust pipe 2 and an air supply pipe 3 are connected to the ventilation interface on the side of the ventilation box 1. A backward-curved impeller 4 and a forward-curved impeller 5 are installed in the corresponding ventilation channels of the exhaust pipe 2 and the air supply pipe 3, respectively. A ventilation motor 9 is installed at the connection point of the backward-curved impeller 4 and the forward-curved impeller 5. The impellers include a forward-curved impeller 5 and a backward-curved impeller 4. The blades of the forward-curved impeller 5 are curved in the direction of rotation. When the ventilation motor 9 rotates forward, the airflow is efficiently accelerated along the leading edge of the blades, forming a low-pressure zone that draws in air, which is then ejected at high speed from the outer periphery of the impeller, suitable for high-pressure ventilation. However, when the airflow rotates in reverse, the airflow conflicts with the blade angle, generating turbulence and causing a sharp drop in efficiency. The blades of the backward-curved impeller 4 rotate in the opposite direction. When the blades are bent in the direction of rotation, the airflow is smoothly discharged along the blades, and the kinetic energy is efficiently converted into static pressure, which is suitable for high negative pressure ventilation. When rotating in reverse, although some functions can be maintained, the air volume and pressure are reduced due to the mismatch of the blade angle of attack. A special impeller is matched with the ventilation or air supply mode. The exhaust pipe 2 is equipped with a backward-curved impeller 4, and the air supply pipe 3 is equipped with a forward-curved impeller 5 to ensure that the fan efficiency reaches the optimal level under both working conditions. The independent control of the dual motors not only improves the flexibility of ventilation, but also allows the ratio of air supply and exhaust to be adjusted according to actual needs, optimizing the air circulation effect in the well. The precise adjustment of the supply and exhaust ratio can be achieved through independent control. The air volume ratio can be automatically adjusted according to the data of the well sensor, such as CH4 / O2 concentration, to achieve controllability.

[0032] The ventilation box 1 has connectors 6 on both sides, and the connectors 6 are located on the front and back of the ventilation box 1 and are distributed vertically. The ventilation box 1 is the outer shell of the device. One end of the ventilation box 1 is connected to a dual-channel pipe, one of which is an air supply pipe 3 and the other is an exhaust pipe 2. Both pipes have independent impellers, ventilation channels, connectors 6 and ventilation motors 9, and can be controlled independently. It should be noted that in order to prevent the gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 2 from being sucked into the air supply pipe 3 and discharged back into the working environment, the connectors 6 of the two are installed horizontally and vertically. If necessary, they can be connected by pipes to be placed in different positions. Similarly, the air supply pipe 3 and the exhaust pipe 2 can also be connected by pipes to be placed in the required positions.

[0033] One end of the backward-curved impeller 4 and the forward-curved impeller 5 is fixed with a pull-in sleeve 7. The rotating end of the ventilation motor 9 is connected to an adapter 8, which is inserted and inserted into the pull-in sleeve 7. The ventilation box 1 is provided with a moving mechanism 10 and a rotating mechanism 11 on its side, which can switch the positions of the two motors when one of them fails. For example, when the exhaust motor fails, the moving mechanism 10 and the rotating mechanism 11 can be used to move the ventilation motor 9 and the exhaust motor 180° along the guide rail 103, and then connect the connector 6 to the pull-in sleeve on the impeller. The entire process does not require changing the motor rotation direction, keeping the impeller running efficiently in the designed direction and achieving seamless function switching. The position switching of the two ventilation motors 9 enables controllable position. It is worth noting that the adapter 8 is connected to the rotating end of the ventilation motor 9. The plug-in part of the adapter 8 is cross-shaped and cooperates with the insertion sleeve 7. After the two are aligned and plugged in, the corresponding impeller can be driven to rotate when the ventilation motor 9 is powered on. In order to ensure the airflow is sealed, valves, gaskets or flanges can be added at the corresponding connection positions of the pipeline.

[0034] Example 2:

[0035] Based on Embodiment 1, the rotating mechanism 11 includes a sleeve plate 111, which is sleeved on the surface of the ventilation motor 9. A rotating rod 112 is fixed at the center of the sleeve plate 111. The moving mechanism 10 includes a support leg 101 and a support plate 102. A guide rail 103 and a moving connecting rod 105 are provided between the two support legs 101. A lead screw 104 is installed inside the guide rail 103. The moving end of the moving connecting rod 105 is sleeved on the surface of the lead screw 104 and threadedly connected to the surface of the lead screw 104. The fixed end of the moving connecting rod 105 is bolted to the bottom surface of the support plate 102. The support plate 102 is perpendicular to the top of the support leg 101. The support leg 101 is located in the groove on the bottom surface of the ventilation box 1. The support leg 101 in the moving structure is used to connect the support plate 102. The support plate 102 is mainly used to install the rotating rod 112 and the rotating part 115. The support leg 101 is fitted into the opening groove at the bottom of the ventilation box 1 and can slide linearly along the opening groove to limit its movement. The bottom surface of the support leg 101 includes rollers. The lead screw 104 in the guide rail 103 is driven by the motor to rotate, so that the moving connecting rod 105 drives the support plate 102 and the support leg 101 to move linearly, completing the separation of the connector 6 and the insertion cylinder 7. The rollers facilitate the movement of the moving structure.

[0036] A portion of the surface of the rotating rod 112 is provided with an ear-type limiting member 113, and the sleeve plate 111 is located at the position of the ear-type limiting member 113. A pull-out channel 114 is opened on the side of the ventilation box 1, and the pull-out channel 114 is located between the backward-curved impeller 4 and the forward-curved impeller 5. The rotating rod 112 is located inside the pull-out channel 114. A rotating member 115 is installed on one side of the support plate 102, and the rotating member 115 is connected to the support part on one side of the support member. The rotating end of the rotating member 115 is connected to the rotating rod 112. The sleeve plate 111 in the rotating mechanism 11 can connect two sets of ventilation motors 9. The sleeve plate 111 and the rotating rod The part with the ear-type limiting piece 113 at position 112 is fixed. When the rotating rod 112 rotates, the positions of the two sets of ventilation motors 9 can be changed. After rotating 180°, the position can be switched. The rotating part 115 is the component that controls the rotation of the rotating rod 112. It can be driven by a motor or a rotary cylinder. In order to ensure that the rotating rod 112 can support the ventilation motor 9 connected to the sleeve plate 111, the rotating rod 112 is fitted into the pull-out channel 114 on the side of the ventilation box 1. The rotating rod 112 can move linearly and rotate within the pull-out channel 114.

[0037] Working principle: The ventilation box 1 is the outer shell of the device. One end of the ventilation box 1 is connected to a dual-channel pipe. One pipe is the air supply pipe 3, and the other is the exhaust pipe 2. The exhaust pipe 2 is equipped with a backward-curved impeller 4 for exhausting the coal mine, while the air supply pipe 3 is equipped with a forward-curved impeller 5 for exhausting the coal mine. Both the backward-curved impeller 4 and the forward-curved impeller 5 are equipped with independent ventilation motors 9, which can be controlled independently. When the motor on the exhaust pipe 2 is damaged, the motor at the air inlet pipe can be moved horizontally and rotated so that the adapter 8 of the motor at the air inlet pipe can be connected to the insertion sleeve 7 on the fan at the exhaust pipe 2, thereby completing the motor replacement. In special circumstances, this can prevent the failure of a single motor from completing the required work normally and efficiently. If one of the forward-curved or backward-curved impellers 4 is damaged, the ventilation pipe motor can be moved to the position of the exhaust impeller or the air supply impeller. If both ventilation motors 9 are normal, exhaust or air supply operations can be performed simultaneously to ensure air circulation in the coal mine mining environment.

[0038] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A controllable ventilation device for coal mining, characterised in that: The utility model provides a ventilation box (1), ventilation interface side respectively connects with the exhaust pipe (2) and the air supply pipe (3), the exhaust pipe (2) and air supply pipe (3) corresponding ventilation passage respectively installs the back inclined impeller (4) and the front inclined impeller (5), the back inclined impeller (4) and front inclined impeller (5) connection place respectively is equipped with ventilation motor (9), one end of back inclined impeller (4) and front inclined impeller (5) respectively fixed with the plug-in cylinder (7), the rotating end of ventilation motor (9) is connected with the adapter (8), the side of ventilation box (1) is equipped with mobile mechanism (10) and rotary mechanism (11) respectively, rotary mechanism (11) includes the sleeve board (111), and the sleeve board (111) sleeve is connected on the surface of ventilation motor (9), the center position of sleeve board (111) is fixed with rotary rod (112), mobile mechanism (10) includes the supporting leg (101) and support plate (102), and the guide rail (103) and mobile connecting rod (105) are equipped between two supporting leg (101).

2. A controllable ventilation device for coal mining according to claim 1, characterised in that: The adapter (8) is connected with the plug-in cylinder (7), both sides of the ventilation box (1) are equipped with the connecting head (6), and the connecting head (6) is located on the front and back of the ventilation box (1) and is distributed up and down.

3. A controllable ventilation device for coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the rotary rod (112) is equipped with the ear type limiting piece (113), and the sleeve board (111) is located at the position of the ear type limiting piece (113).

4. A controllable ventilation device for coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the ventilation box (1) is equipped with the pull-out channel (114), and the pull-out channel (114) is located between the back inclined impeller (4) and the front inclined impeller (5), and the rotary rod (112) is located in the pull-out channel (114).

5. A controllable ventilation device for coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the support plate (102) is equipped with the rotary piece (115), and the rotary piece (115) is connected with the support part of one side of the support piece, and the rotary end of the rotary piece (115) is connected with the rotary rod (112).

6. A controllable ventilation device for coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inside of the guide rail (103) is equipped with the lead screw (104), and the moving end of the mobile connecting rod (105) is sleeved on the surface of the lead screw (104) and is screw connected with the surface of the lead screw (104), and the fixed end of the mobile connecting rod (105) is bolted with the bottom surface of the support plate (102).

7. A controllable ventilation device for coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support plate (102) is perpendicular to the top surface of the supporting leg (101), and the supporting leg (101) is located in the sliding groove of the bottom surface of the ventilation box (1).

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