Multi-battery positive and negative electrode self-adaptive circuit
By designing a multi-battery positive and negative electrode adaptive circuit, the polarity of the lithium battery is automatically identified and balanced discharge is performed, which solves the problems of complex battery installation and reverse current in individual soldier equipment, and realizes discharge management that is easy to operate and low in cost.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202520468058.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-18
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-06
- Estimated Expiration
- 2035-03-18
AI Technical Summary
Existing lithium batteries require distinguishing between the positive and negative terminals during installation in individual soldier equipment, which is complex and costly. Furthermore, there is a risk of reverse current flow during discharge management, which can lead to equipment damage and safety hazards.
Design a multi-battery positive and negative adaptive circuit, including a battery access unit and a discharge unit. Utilize a circuit structure composed of MOSFETs and transistors to automatically identify battery polarity and perform balanced discharge when the voltage is inconsistent, thereby avoiding current backflow.
It achieves automatic polarity identification during battery installation, simplifies the operation process, reduces costs, and avoids backflow of current through equal discharge, thereby improving the safety and reliability of the equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN223978436U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of lithium battery discharge technology, specifically to a multi-battery positive and negative electrode adaptive circuit. Background Technology
[0002] Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various fields due to their high energy density, light weight, long lifespan, low self-discharge rate, rapid charging and discharging capabilities, and high safety. For example, in new energy vehicles, battery packs composed of a large number of lithium-ion batteries serve as the power source for these vehicles. Alternatively, in some miniaturized equipment, such as military sights, observation scopes, and head-mounted glasses, two or four lithium-ion batteries connected in parallel are often used for power supply.
[0003] During the use of lithium batteries, due to differences in initial voltage and internal resistance, reverse current flow can occur between lithium batteries. This reverse current flow may cause the electrolyte inside the lithium battery to decompose, thereby damaging the positive and negative electrode materials of the lithium battery and shortening its lifespan.
[0004] Even worse, in extreme cases, reverse current can cause a short circuit inside the lithium battery, leading to overheating, swelling, or even explosion, resulting in a safety accident. Therefore, it is necessary to perform equal discharge on lithium batteries. Equal discharge can balance the performance of lithium batteries, prevent overcharging or over-discharging, and eliminate internal differences in the lithium battery, thereby improving battery performance.
[0005] Currently, most lithium batteries use foreign power management chips for discharge management, such as Texas Instruments' TPS82130SLR power management chip. For miniaturized devices using a small number of lithium batteries, using foreign power management chips results in higher costs and requires matching peripheral circuitry, leading to a complex structure.
[0006] In addition, the conventional method for installing or replacing cylindrical batteries in existing individual soldier equipment is to use diagrams and markings on the equipment to indicate the battery installation direction and method. The operator then observes the markings to distinguish the correct orientation and inserts the battery into the battery compartment after identifying the positive and negative terminals by observation and touch.
[0007] During reconnaissance and combat at night or in inclement weather, and under conditions of light control or wartime where lighting cannot be turned on, when electronic equipment needs to have its batteries installed or replaced, soldiers cannot observe the positive and negative symbols in the battery compartment or the polarity of the battery. This is especially true for the increasingly widespread use of 18650 batteries, which are difficult to distinguish by touch, making it easy to install them incorrectly. This can cause the equipment to fail to start and work properly, and there is a possibility that the internal circuitry of the equipment may be burned out, rendering the equipment unusable. Utility Model Content
[0008] In view of the shortcomings of the background technology, the present invention provides a multi-battery positive and negative adaptive circuit. The technical problem to be solved is that when using multiple lithium batteries for power supply in existing individual soldier equipment, it is necessary to distinguish the positive and negative terminals of the batteries for installation, which is complicated in operation and costly in discharge management.
[0009] To solve the above technical problems, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a multi-battery positive and negative electrode adaptive circuit, including M battery branches, where M is a positive integer, and each battery branch includes a battery access unit and a discharge unit;
[0010] The battery access unit is used to electrically connect to the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and outputs battery voltage when the battery is connected in the positive or negative direction.
[0011] The discharge unit includes a switch V1, a transistor V2, a transistor V3, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2;
[0012] The first connection terminal of the switching transistor V1 is used to input the battery voltage output by the corresponding battery access unit, and is also electrically connected to the emitter of the transistor V2.
[0013] The second connection terminal of the switching transistor V1 is electrically connected to the emitter of the transistor V3; the base of the transistor V2 is electrically connected to the collector of the transistor V2 and the base of the transistor V3, and is grounded through resistor R1.
[0014] The third connection terminal of the switching transistor V1 is electrically connected to the collector of the transistor V3 and grounded through resistor R2.
[0015] In one embodiment, both transistors V2 and V3 are PNP type transistors.
[0016] In one embodiment, the switching transistor V1 is a PMOS transistor, with the drain of the PMOS transistor being the first connection terminal of the switching transistor V1, the source of the PMOS transistor being the second connection terminal of the switching transistor V1, and the gate of the PMOS transistor being the third connection terminal of the switching transistor V1.
[0017] In one embodiment, the resistors R1 and R2 have the same resistance value.
[0018] In one embodiment, the battery access unit includes MOSFET N1, MOSFET N2, MOSFET M1 and MOSFET M2;
[0019] The sources of MOSFET N1 and MOSFET N2 are both grounded. The gate of MOSFET N1 is electrically connected to the drain of MOSFET N2, the drain of MOSFET M2, and the gate of MOSFET M1. The gate of MOSFET N2 is electrically connected to the gate of MOSFET M2, the drain of MOSFET N1, and the drain of MOSFET M1. The drains of MOSFET M1 and MOSFET M2 are used to connect to the positive and negative terminals of the battery, respectively. The source of MOSFET M1 is electrically connected to the source of MOSFET M2 to output the battery voltage.
[0020] In one embodiment, the MOS transistor N1 is an NMOS transistor.
[0021] In one embodiment, the MOS transistor N2 is an NMOS transistor.
[0022] In one embodiment, the MOS transistor M1 is a PMOS transistor.
[0023] In one embodiment, the MOS transistor M2 is a PMOS transistor.
[0024] In one implementation, the second connection terminals of the switching transistors V1 of all discharge units are electrically connected to each other.
[0025] The advantages of this utility model compared with the prior art are:
[0026] Firstly, this utility model provides a battery access unit for each battery, so that when the battery is actually installed for power supply, it can be installed regardless of the positive or negative terminal, making the operation convenient.
[0027] Secondly, by setting a discharge unit for each lithium battery, when the voltage of the parallel lithium batteries is inconsistent, the high-voltage lithium battery will discharge first through the corresponding discharge unit. When the voltage of all lithium batteries reaches equilibrium, all lithium batteries will be powered again, thereby avoiding the situation of current backflow when all lithium batteries are discharging.
[0028] Finally, the entire discharge unit has a simple structure, consisting of only one switching transistor, two transistors, and two resistors. Compared to using a power management chip for discharge equalization, it is lower in cost and more practically applicable. Attached Figure Description
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention in the embodiments;
[0030] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the battery access unit in the embodiment;
[0031] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the discharge unit in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0032] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present invention.
[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, a multi-battery positive and negative adaptive circuit includes M battery branches 1, where M is a positive integer. Each battery branch 1 includes a battery access unit 2 and a discharge unit 3. For example, M can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or other numbers.
[0034] The battery access unit 2 is used to electrically connect to the positive and negative terminals of the battery, and outputs the battery voltage VCC_IN when the battery is connected in the positive or negative direction.
[0035] like Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the discharge unit 3 includes a switch V1, a transistor V2, a transistor V3, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2;
[0036] The first connection terminal of the switching transistor V1 is used to input the battery voltage VCC_IN output by the corresponding battery access unit, and is also electrically connected to the emitter of the transistor V2.
[0037] The second terminal of the switching transistor V1 is electrically connected to the emitter of the transistor V3; the base of the transistor V2 is electrically connected to the collector of the transistor V2 and the base of the transistor V3, and is grounded through resistor R1.
[0038] The third terminal of the switching transistor V1 is electrically connected to the collector of the transistor V3 and grounded through resistor R2.
[0039] More specifically, in this embodiment, transistors V2 and V3 are both PNP transistors; the switch V1 is a PMOS transistor, with the drain of the PMOS transistor being the first connection terminal of the switch V1, the source of the PMOS transistor being the second connection terminal of the switch V1, and the gate of the PMOS transistor being the third connection terminal of the switch V1.
[0040] More specifically, in this embodiment, resistors R1 and R2 have the same resistance value.
[0041] Taking a battery branch 1 as an example, the discharge unit 3 in the two battery branches 1 balances the two parallel lithium batteries. The working process of the two discharge units 3 is as follows:
[0042] The two discharge units 3 are designated as the first discharge unit and the second discharge unit, respectively. The lithium battery voltage connected to the first discharge unit is denoted as VL1, and the lithium battery voltage connected to the second discharge unit is denoted as VL2. During actual balancing, if VL1 and VL2 are not equal, the discharge unit 3 with the larger voltage value will discharge first. Specifically, when VL1 is greater than VL2, transistor V2 in the first discharge unit is turned on and transistor V3 is turned off, while transistor V2 in the second discharge unit is turned off and transistor V3 is turned on, thereby turning off the switching transistor V1 in the second discharge unit to prevent VL2 from flowing back into VL1; the reverse is also true.
[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the battery access unit 2 includes MOSFET N1, MOSFET N2, MOSFET M1 and MOSFET M2;
[0044] The sources of MOSFET N1 and N2 are both grounded. The gate of MOSFET N1 is electrically connected to the drain of MOSFET N2, the drain of MOSFET M2, and the gate of MOSFET M1. The gate of MOSFET N2 is electrically connected to the gate of MOSFET M2, the drain of MOSFET N1, and the drain of MOSFET M1. The drains of MOSFET M1 and M2 are used to connect to the positive and negative terminals of the battery, respectively. The source of MOSFET M1 is electrically connected to the source of MOSFET M2 to output the battery voltage VCC_IN.
[0045] More specifically, in this embodiment, MOS transistor N1 is an NMOS transistor, MOS transistor N2 is an NMOS transistor, MOS transistor M1 is a PMOS transistor, and MOS transistor M2 is a PMOS transistor.
[0046] More specifically, in this embodiment, the second connection terminals of the switching transistors V1 of all discharge units 3 are electrically connected to each other.
[0047] In light of the above, this utility model provides a battery access unit 2 for each battery, so that when the battery is actually installed for power supply, it can be installed regardless of the positive or negative terminal, making the operation convenient.
[0048] Secondly, by setting a discharge unit 3 for each lithium battery, when the voltage of the parallel lithium batteries is inconsistent, the high-voltage lithium battery will discharge first through the corresponding discharge unit 3. When the voltage of all lithium batteries reaches equilibrium, all lithium batteries will be powered again, thereby avoiding the situation of current backflow when all lithium batteries are discharging.
[0049] Finally, the entire discharge unit 3 has a simple structure, with only one switching transistor, two transistors, and two resistors. Compared with using a power management chip for discharge equalization, it is lower in cost and more practically applicable.
[0050] Based on the above description and inspired by this utility model, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this utility model. The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A multi-battery positive and negative self-adapting circuit, characterized in that, The battery access unit is used for electrically connecting with the positive and negative poles of the battery, and outputs the battery voltage when the battery is connected in positive or negative direction. The discharging unit comprises a switch tube V1, a triode V2, a triode V3, a resistor R1 and a resistor R2. The first connecting end of the switch tube V1 is used for inputting the battery voltage output by the corresponding battery access unit, and is also electrically connected with the emitter of the triode V2. The second connecting end of the switch tube V1 is electrically connected with the emitter of the triode V3. The base of the triode V2 is electrically connected with the collector of the triode V2 and the base of the triode V3, and is grounded through the resistor R1. The third connecting end of the switch tube V1 is electrically connected with the collector of the triode V3, and is grounded through the resistor R2.
2. The multi-battery positive and negative self-adapting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triode V2 and the triode V3 are both PNP type triodes.
3. The multi-battery positive and negative self-adapting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switch tube V1 is a PMOS tube, the drain of the PMOS tube is the first connecting end of the switch tube V1, the source of the PMOS tube is the second connecting end of the switch tube V1, and the gate of the PMOS tube is the third connecting end of the switch tube V1.
4. The multi-battery positive and negative self-adapting circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The resistor R1 and the resistor R2 have the same resistance value.
5. A multi-cell positive and negative self-adapting circuit according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein, The battery access unit comprises MOS tubes N1, N2, M1 and M2. The source of the MOS tube N1 and the source of the MOS tube N2 are both grounded, the gate of the MOS tube N1 is electrically connected with the drain of the MOS tube N2, the drain of the MOS tube M2 and the gate of the MOS tube M1, the gate of the MOS tube N2 is electrically connected with the gate of the MOS tube M2, the drain of the MOS tube N1 and the drain of the MOS tube M1, the drain of the MOS tube M1 and the drain of the MOS tube M2 are used for electrically connecting with the positive and negative poles of the battery, the source of the MOS tube M1 is electrically connected with the source of the MOS tube M2, and is used for outputting the battery voltage.
6. A multi-cell positive and negative self-adapting circuit according to claim 5, wherein, The MOS tube N1 is an NMOS tube.
7. A multi-cell positive and negative self-adapting circuit according to claim 5, wherein, The MOS tube N2 is an NMOS tube.
8. A multi-cell positive and negative self-adapting circuit according to claim 5, wherein, The MOS tube M1 is a PMOS tube.
9. The multi-cell positive and negative self-adapting circuit of claim 5, wherein, The MOS tube M2 is a PMOS tube.
10. The multi-cell positive and negative self-adapting circuit of claim 1, wherein, The second connecting ends of the switch tubes V1 of all the discharging units are electrically connected with each other.