Fire extinguishing device capable of automatically and repeatedly acting

Abstract

The utility model relates to a repetitive action device, which is used for automatically extinguishing fire in electrical equipment or closed electrical equipment, and is constructed in the form of a plate, a clamp, a cap or a sleeve made of polymer materials, and the polymer materials comprise at least one continuous solid phase. The continuous solid phase is provided with a plurality of sealed holes filled with an organic halogen-containing substance, where the holes are located in a plurality of layers, and the continuous solid phase is capable of releasing contents in the holes in repeated fire and extinguishment cycles upon exposure to open fire. The claimed utility model is characterized in that the device can extinguish fire in a repeated fire and fire extinguishing cycle without manual intervention or supplement of fire extinguishing substances to the device after each event. The aim of the device is to improve the safety of the operation of the electrical equipment by extinguishing repeated fire disasters in the electrical equipment without eliminating the cause of the initial fire disasters.

Description

[0001] Related technologies of utility models

[0002] This utility model relates to an automatic repeating device for extinguishing one or more fires accompanied by open flames in electrical equipment or enclosed electrical products. Background Technology

[0003] Failure or improper operation of electrical products and equipment is one of the main causes of fires. One cause of electrical equipment fires is overheating of conductors at poor contact points due to increased instantaneous contact resistance. A significant characteristic of such fires is the high risk of recurrence during subsequent operations if the cause of the failure is not corrected (usually by replacing the damaged area). To improve the safety of electrical equipment, numerous automatic fire extinguishing devices have been developed. Based on their working principles, these devices are categorized into aerosol, gas, and powder types. A significant feature of all known devices is the particular emphasis on maximizing fire extinguishing efficiency in their engineering. To achieve this goal, devices known in the prior art are designed to release the extinguishing components simultaneously, rapidly, and fully. This prevents them from being reused for fire extinguishing, resulting in a high probability of fires occurring in the event of a flashback. Therefore, developing automatic, reusable fire extinguishing devices for extinguishing fires in electrical equipment is an urgent task.

[0004] This application contemplates a device for automatically repeating gaseous fire suppression of electrical equipment. The device is manufactured in the form of plates, clips, caps, cloths, rings, bundles, or clamps made of a polymer material to securely attach the product to the inner surface of an electrical panel or conductor. The polymer material comprises at least one continuous solid phase having multiple sealed pores filled with an organic halogenated substance. These pores are located in multiple layers, and the continuous solid phase is capable of releasing the contents of these pores through repeated combustion-extinguishing cycles under the influence of an open flame. Other significant features of the device are as follows:

[0005] The oxygen index of the organic polymers that constitute a continuous solid phase is 21-30 vol%.

[0006] The pores of the material also contain a refrigerant, which is selected from organic halogenated substances with a boiling point below 40°C.

[0007] An indicator coating applied to a polymer material that irreversibly changes color when heated or exposed to a flame;

[0008] Throughout its service life, the pore contents of the material of the device lost to the atmosphere do not exceed 20% of the total mass of the material, while maintaining the ability to repeatedly extinguish fires under the influence of open flame.

[0009] Prior art includes automatic fire extinguishing devices and materials comprising microcapsules containing extinguishing agents. These microcapsules can be used as independent components in paints, adhesives, and coatings, or they can be contained within polymer adhesives. The main technical objectives of the known inventions are to improve fire extinguishing efficiency, enhance the safety of electrical equipment operation, and increase the resistance of automatic fire extinguishing devices to external influences.

[0010] A significant characteristic of all the aforementioned materials is their high extinguishing efficiency due to the simultaneous opening of all capsules. Therefore, document WO2012107825A discloses the use of mineral fibers selected from the following table, such as glass fiber, basalt fiber, fibers from natural minerals, and fibers from artificial minerals, which maintain a uniform distribution of microcapsules. The shell comprises polyurea and / or polyurethane based on polyisocyanate fluoropolymers, the extinguishing agent is a halogenated hydrocarbon, based on the volume of a polymer material selected from the following group, such as acrylic resin, alkyd resin, glyphthalic resin, latex resin, pentaphthalic resin, epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyurea, polyvinyl alcohol, and the formation of pores essential for activating all the microspheres and releasing the maximum volume of extinguishing agent. This characteristic provides extinguishing efficiency on the one hand due to the most complete release of the extinguishing agent, but on the other hand, it prevents the material from being used to extinguish backfires.

[0011] Patent RU2161520C1 discloses the use of polymers as the continuous phase in fire extinguishing materials. The polymers are selected from diane-based polyepoxides, aliphatic (including chlorinated) epoxy resins, mixtures of dianes and aliphatic epoxy resins, or polyurethanes, allowing for simultaneous explosive destruction of the polymer material and microcapsules. The simultaneous activation and explosive destruction, resulting from the increased pressure of the low-boiling-point organic halogen compounds within the microcapsules, signifies the release of the entire extinguishing agent capacity. Therefore, this document demonstrates a one-time triggering and simultaneous material destruction. Furthermore, a significant feature of this invention is the absence of a fire alarm system, which could lead to delayed replacement of waste materials.

[0012] The invention described in document RU2469761C1 relates to a microcapsule fire extinguishing agent comprising a microcapsule with a fire extinguishing liquid core, the outer shell of which is made of a hardened, spatially cross-linked polymer containing plate-shaped mineral filler nanoparticles with a thickness of 1-5 nm. This outer shell provides the invention with improved barrier properties against diffusion of the core liquid through the microcapsule's outer shell, and the microcapsule explodes at a certain temperature due to the framework structural elements formed within the shell. Similar nanoparticles in the microcapsule shell are also used in document RU152765U1 for an automatic fire extinguishing agent with a heat-activated microcapsule fire extinguishing agent. Despite the obvious advantages of this invention, the explosive destruction of the material and the release of the entire volume of fire extinguishing liquid renders it unusable, and timely replacement is impossible due to the lack of an alarm system. Patent RU2686714C1 describes a composite particulate fire extinguishing agent containing an oxidizer (barium nitrate and / or potassium nitrate and / or sodium nitrate), a binder (starch and / or dextrin and / or glucose), microcapsules containing an inhibitor (halogenated hydrocarbons), and a plasticizer (polyurethane, epoxy resin, or varnish). The claimed extinguishing agent has an effective range of 90-270°C, at which temperature the polymer shell undergoes explosive destruction, rapidly releasing a maximum number of mineral filler nanoparticles. The invention also features non-reusability and the absence of a sensing indicator system.

[0013] Document RU2702566C1 describes a microcapsule fire extinguishing agent made in the form of microcapsules, with a core of fire extinguishing liquid and an outer shell of resorcinol-urea-formaldehyde resin, which is highly stable during storage and use. Document RU2389525C2 discloses a microcapsule fire extinguishing agent comprising microcapsules with a core of fire extinguishing liquid and a double-layered outer shell with destructive explosive capability. Although the design features of the materials described in these documents allow for the production of fire extinguishing agents with high-performance characteristics (such as stability), the explosive destructive capability causes the integrity of all microcapsules to be compromised, resulting in the rapid release of all fire extinguishing liquid, leading to complete material failure and inability to restart.

[0014] The prior art also includes utility model RU145590U1, which relates to a rope or belt with an outer coating comprising microcapsules containing a fire extinguishing agent and an inner shell that is fireproof or partially combustible and non-conductive and breathable. In the event of a fire, the rope ignites, the protective layer heats up, and the outer layer releases the fire extinguishing agent. Therefore, extinguishing a fire with an open flame results in the release of the fire extinguishing agent along the entire length of the rope, including release due to the rope itself burning, which makes the device of this invention unusable.

[0015] Document RU179466U1 describes an automatic fire extinguishing device in which microcapsules containing extinguishing agents are placed in a two-component silicone composite cold-curing compound with low elongation at break. The invention is manufactured using different regular undulations on a heat-activated surface, which increases the heat-activated area and improves the activation efficiency of the microcapsules, including those located in the inner layer of the composite material. The claimed characteristics give the device maximum fire extinguishing efficiency, but clearly make it designed for single-use without the possibility of fire signal transmission.

[0016] Document RU141401U1 describes an automatic fire extinguishing device made in the form of a polymer tube filled with extinguishing agent and equipped with a forced activation device. The device is connected to a temperature sensor of the protected object via a wired or wireless communication channel. A drawback of this invention is the presence of a multi-stage activation circuit, including sensor activation, signal transmission from the sensor or control unit, and valve opening, which cannot guarantee a high activation response rate and uninterrupted operation. Furthermore, the claimed device is not designed for reuse.

[0017] Several automatic fire extinguishing agents are known in the prior art (RU2118551C1, RU155565U1), where the release of aerosol fire extinguishing agents is triggered by fire detection, a signal from any triggering device, and subsequent activation of a valve system that opens the container containing the fire extinguishing agent. This makes these methods susceptible to failure at any stage of a process with multiple continuous actions, potentially leading to untimely equipment startup. Furthermore, the known equipment is not reusable; upon exposure to high temperatures, the fire extinguishing agent is immediately released at a high concentration.

[0018] Document RU2262968C1 discloses an automatic repetitive action fire extinguishing system including an aerosol generator. However, the repetitive action of this system involves the aerosol generator unit being disassembled and refilled with extinguishing agent after activation. Despite claiming high refill technology, the system will be inoperable if a flashback occurs until the unit is replaced.

[0019] Microcapsule fire extinguishing compositions and their preparation methods are also known from a series of patents, including JP2007160028A, JP2007319350A, JP2009160387A, and JP2011072669A. These inventions use halogenated hydrocarbons as extinguishing agents, organic silica-modified rubber matrices as the polymer shell of the microcapsules (in several inventions), and gelatin and gum arabic matrices. A common feature of these inventions is that the microcapsules explode upon heating, causing all capsules to open simultaneously and release the maximum amount of extinguishing material, which determines the high synchronization efficiency of these devices.

[0020] References KR101866686B1 and KR101944942 also describe thermoplastic rubber as a matrix for microcapsule fire extinguishing compositions. When certain preset temperatures are reached, the spherical nanoscale microcapsules filled with the fire extinguishing agent and the pores rupture. However, the material breaks down so explosively that reuse is impossible because the stability of all capsules is compromised, and the entire amount of the fire extinguishing agent is released.

[0021] A common feature of known inventions in the prior art based on polymer microencapsulation materials is the simultaneous opening of all capsules via a domino effect. This is because in polymer microencapsulation materials, each capsule acts as a wall for adjacent capsules. Therefore, opening one capsule weakens the shell portion of the adjacent capsule, which then opens, initiating a chain branching process. This process occurs particularly rapidly in polymer microencapsulation materials with pressurized capsule fillers.

[0022] Therefore, a significant characteristic of materials known in the prior art is that they require only one-time activation, which prevents repeated fire suppression without replacing the device itself or its components.

[0023] Fire detection and suppression systems connected to alarm devices are known in the prior art (US20160074686A1, US2009188682A1, US7456750B2, US6029751A, JP2006334064A, US6104301A, WO2004038826A2, US20110061878A1, RU2696637C1). Such systems typically include at least one cylinder (chamber, container, or other capacity) of pressurized liquefied gas (or an alternative source of inert gas or flame-retardant gas), or several different cylinders, the contents of which are mixed to produce a fire-extinguishing aerosol. The connection between the cylinder with a gas supply valve and the device for generating a directional gas (or gas-droplet) flow is circuit-driven, including various types of temperature sensors and alarm systems, where each system component requires at least one power source. Despite their high fire-extinguishing efficiency, these devices have several drawbacks. Some inventions use only trigger valves designed not to close after fire extinguishing, meaning that even if the fire is extinguished first, the entire contents of the extinguishing agent will be consumed before the cylinder is emptied. Such systems can only be reused after manual refilling or cylinder replacement. However, inventions where the valve can be closed after fire extinguishing, leaving some extinguishing agent for possible re-extinguishing, do not guarantee re-extinguishing, as the amount of extinguishing agent remaining after closing the valve depends on the time taken for initial extinguishing. If the initial extinguishing time is long, the amount of extinguishing agent remaining in the cylinder may be insufficient for re-extinguishing. Furthermore, a common characteristic of such systems is the large number of components, increasing the likelihood of system failure. Besides insufficient reliability, another characteristic of such systems is their large size, as at least one cylinder must be placed near the protected object.

[0024] The closest analogue to this invention is a polymer composite material comprising microcapsules in which the extinguishing agent is contained within a polymer binder. A prototype of the claimed device is proposed in document RU2616943C1, which discloses an automatic extinguishing agent comprising a polymer binder and microcapsule extinguishing agents. Each microcapsule comprises a polymer shell and a core, the core containing a carrier gas, a phlegmatizer, and a flame retardant. The carrier gas has a low boiling point. The phlegmatizer acts as the primary extinguishing agent; it consists of a fluorocarbon compound containing iodine and bromine. The flame retardant enhances the phlegmatizer's effect by actively disrupting free radical oxidation chains; a variable-valence metal compound is used as the flame retardant. Preferably, the extinguishing agent is an azeotropic mixture of substances. The polymer binder contains mineral fillers or fibrous materials to improve the mechanical properties of the extinguishing agent while maintaining its extinguishing performance. The extinguishing agent combination is released upon heating, causing the carrier gas inside the microcapsule to boil, thereby leading to its destruction. A notable feature of this invention is the lack of a re-extinguishing option and a fire signal, which could lead to untimely replacement of extinguishing agents and, in the event of a flashback, cause a fire. Utility Model Content

[0025] This invention was created to effectively and repeatedly extinguish fires in electrical equipment or enclosed electrical products.

[0026] The essence of this technical solution is a special material whose active part comprises a multi-layered polymer matrix, the matrix containing sealed pores filled with fire extinguishing agent.

[0027] To reduce the domino effect caused by the capsule opening during fire extinguishing and improve the repeatability of activation, the device of this invention may have the following significant features:

[0028] The continuous solid phase of the polymer material contains organic polymers with an oxygen index (OI) of 21-30 vol%. This causes the pores to open and release extinguishing agents due to combustion of the pore shell, rather than due to an increase in material temperature, resulting in an increase in pressure within the pores. Through this opening mechanism, the flame does not have time to heat and destroy subsequent pore layers. Therefore, when exposed to an open flame, the first layer of the polymer matrix closest to the open flame burns, thereby releasing the pore contents and suppressing any resulting fire. After the fire is extinguished, multiple pore layers remain in the polymer adhesive, and if multiple fires occur, the pores can open upon re-exposure to an open flame.

[0029] The material also contains refrigerant in its pores. Under the influence of a fire, the refrigerant, together with the fire extinguishing agent, is released from the upper pores, causing the material to cool and protecting the subsequent pore layers.

[0030] The following are other significant features of this invention that improve fire extinguishing efficiency and ease of use:

[0031] Thermosetting polymers are used as continuous polymer phases to prevent the material from melting and coming into contact with current-carrying elements of electrical equipment.

[0032] Applications of highly efficient flame retardants, such as halogenated substances and their mixtures.

[0033] The application of a special thermal indicator coating, which changes color under the influence of temperature, indicates electrical equipment failure before or after a fire.

[0034] The main difference from the prototype lies in the orifice opening mechanism, which allows the claimed utility model to be reused. In the prototype, the microcapsules are filled with a low-boiling-point component that becomes gaseous upon heating, increasing the internal pressure of the microcapsules to a critical pressure that leads to explosive destruction. Opening some capsules results in the destruction of the polymer adhesive or weakening of its boundaries with adjacent capsules. In the claimed utility model, the orifices open layer by layer due to the layered structure, and due to the burning of the outer layer of the polymer adhesive under the influence of an open flame and / or due to material cooling caused by refrigerant release. This mechanism avoids the simultaneous actuation of all orifices through a domino effect, thus enabling the device to repeatedly extinguish open flames.

[0035] Another difference between the claimed utility model and known prototypes and similar fire extinguishing devices in the prior art is the presence of a contrast indicator with the activation material, which allows for the identification of devices that have been activated at least once and the observation of the cause of the fire during a rapid inspection. Another important difference between the claimed utility model and known prototypes and inventions in the prior art is that it extinguishes fires automatically without human intervention or any electronic systems or triggering devices. Attached Figure Description

[0036] The present invention will be more clearly understood through the following non-limiting description and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0037] Figure 1 – A diagram of the holes that open sequentially under the influence of an open flame in the device for which protection is requested, where I is the continuous solid phase of the material and II is the hole.

[0038] Figure 2 - Combustion chamber schematic diagram: I- Combustion chamber cover, II- Device installed inside the combustion chamber, III- Standardized ignition source (SFS).

[0039] Utility Model Disclosure

[0040] One cause of fires due to electrical equipment malfunction or violation of installation regulations is overheating of conductors at poor contact points due to increased instantaneous contact resistance. These fires are characterized by their recurring nature until the cause of the malfunction (especially poor contact) is corrected. When automatically extinguishing such fires, reignition is highly likely due to the continued presence of the overheating cause. Therefore, to extinguish these fires, it is recommended to use equipment capable of automatically, repeatedly, and spontaneously releasing a sufficient amount of extinguishing agent. In this case, it is important that such equipment has an activation indication system that can detect malfunctions and signal the equipment to start.

[0041] The technical advantage of the utility model for which protection is sought is that it develops a device that, when encountering an open flame, can automatically release a fire extinguishing agent, but not the full volume of the fire extinguishing agent, but only the amount required to extinguish the open flame and suppress backfire.

[0042] To achieve the objectives and technical effects of this invention, this utility model proposes an automatic, repetitive fire extinguishing device. The device is manufactured in the form of a plate, clamp, cap, fine cloth, ring, bundle, or pliers to securely fix the product to the inner surface of an electrical panel or conductor. It includes at least one continuous solid phase with multiple sealed holes filled with an organic halogen-containing substance. These holes are located in multiple layers, and the continuous solid phase can release the contents of these holes through repeated combustion-extinguishing cycles under the influence of an open flame. The claimed technical effect is achieved through a combination of a flammable, non-melting polymer and a highly efficient flame retardant in the sealed holes of the polymer in the multiple layers. In various utility model variations, a contrast heat indicator layer can be coated on top.

[0043] The factors that influence the achievement of the aforementioned technical results are as follows:

[0044] It has multiple layers of a porous polymer material containing a continuous solid phase.

[0045] The continuous solid phase has high strength and elasticity.

[0046] Halogenated hydrocarbons and their mixtures can be used as fire extinguishing compounds.

[0047] The hole may contain refrigerant.

[0048] The surface of the material can be coated with a contrast indicator layer.

[0049] The longitudinally located pores in the continuous solid phase of the polymer material remain sequentially open upon exposure to an open flame: during initial exposure, the polymer formed by the first (outer) continuous solid phase burns, releasing the contents of the pores. The release of the extinguishing agent causes the flame to extinguish and cools the material, thereby preventing the release of contents from adjacent pores. Subsequent combustion causes the next layer of polymer to burn further and release the extinguishing agent. Figure 1 A diagram showing the orifices of a repeating action device that open sequentially under the influence of an open flame is presented. The selection of the number of layers and the extinguishing agent concentration is intended to provide several extinguishing cycles with a sufficient amount of extinguishing agent.

[0050] The composition is chosen to be a continuous solid phase to maintain its high strength and elasticity. When exposed to an open flame, the material breaks down, releasing some pores; therefore, to avoid triggering all pores via a domino effect, the material must possess high breaking strength and elasticity. The solid-phase material must be able to withstand the stresses that occur during the initial partial failure, meaning no fractures or cracks should form. The polymer material is chosen to maintain the mechanical stability of the sealed pores after the material begins to deteriorate.

[0051] The key parameter for continuous solid phases is the oxygen index (OI). The continuous solid phase material must burn rapidly in air to disrupt pores and release extinguishing agents upon brief exposure to an open flame. Therefore, polymers with an OI preferably in the range of 21-30 vol% must be used as continuous solid phase materials.

[0052] The materials providing these conditions are organic polymers selected from, but not limited to, the following group: silicones, polyvinyl alcohol or derivatives thereof, particularly polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl tert-carbonate, polyvinyl butyral, copolymers based on vinyl acetate and ethylene, particularly sevilene, acrylic acid derivatives, styrene and its copolymers, phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyamides, gelatin or mixtures thereof. Using substances possessing these properties, continuous solid phases can be prepared, characterized by high elasticity and stability, retaining the material's ability to withstand repeated exposure to open flame.

[0053] The preferred mass ratio of continuous solid phase to pore inclusions is 1:1 to 1:5, which facilitates the encapsulation of the material within the pores. Increasing the mass of continuous solid phase leads to a decrease in fire extinguishing efficiency, while increasing pore concentration produces a domino effect.

[0054] The minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of the organic halogenated substance is preferably not higher than 6%. The MEC determines the effectiveness of the extinguishing agent and the concentration sufficient to extinguish a fire in a confined space. In this case, the minimum concentration of the extinguishing agent is sufficient to completely extinguish the fire when the first layer of openings is opened (GOST R53280.3-2009).

[0055] After the first layer of material burns and releases the extinguishing agent, it is necessary to lower the temperature of the remaining material to prevent subsequent layers from burning. For this purpose, an additive acting as a refrigerant can be introduced into the orifice inclusions of the claimed invention. After the first layer of orifices is opened, the extinguishing composition is sprayed into the surrounding space, thereby extinguishing the fire. Some of the composition falls onto the remaining material, and the refrigerant additive lowers its temperature, preventing localized overheating and the possibility of opening the remaining orifices. This invention uses a halogenated organic substance with a boiling point below 40°C as the refrigerant. The release of the extinguishing agent mixed with the refrigerant causes the material to cool and maintains the seal of the remaining orifices.

[0056] To provide a utility model with a device start-up indicator, at least one outer layer can be coated on the surface of the material, which is a coating containing a white crystalline substance that melts when exposed to a temperature of 40-200°C to form a transparent layer.

[0057] Therefore, the claimed utility model is an automatically repeating fire extinguishing device, manufactured in the form of plates, clips, caps, cloths, rings, bundles, and clamps made of polymer material to securely fix the product to the inner surface of an electrical panel or conductor. The polymer material comprises a continuous solid phase with multiple sealed orifices filled with an organic halogenated fire extinguishing agent, with or without a refrigerant, and with or without an external contrast indicator layer. Furthermore, the sealed orifices are located in multiple layers, and during repeated combustion-extinguishing cycles under the influence of an open flame, only the outer layer opens and releases the contents of the orifices.

[0058] The polymer material has varying pore sizes, with an preferred average pore diameter of 10 to 100 μm. The pores of the polymer material may contain halogen-containing substances, such as: 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, iodotrifluoromethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, perfluoropropane, perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane, perfluorocyclobutane, perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone, perfluoro-2-methylpentene-2, perfluoro-2-methylpentene-3, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane, and mixtures thereof. The mass of the pore contents is 20-95% of the mass of the material.

[0059] In addition, the pores of the material may contain 5-95% refrigerant, which can cool the device when the pores are open. The refrigerant is selected from organic halogenated substances with a boiling point below 40°C.

[0060] In addition, a contrast indicator can be applied to the polymer material, the disappearance of which can detect electrical equipment failure and / or at least one start-up of the material.

[0061] The device can be made into a plate, clamp, cap, cloth, ring, bundle, or pliers to secure the product to the inner surface of an electrical panel or conductor.

[0062] The device can be made into a circular or semi-circular plate with a thickness of 1 to 5 mm and a diameter of 15 to 50 mm, and fixed to the upper part of an enclosed electrical device or electrical product. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The term "repeat action" refers to the property of a material to retain the ability to re-release enough extinguishing agent to extinguish a flashback after the initial extinguishing of a standard fire throughout its service life.

[0064] To clarify the "repeated action" attribute, a device testing procedure was developed, disclosed in Example 11. Materials that successfully completed the test (effectively extinguishing SFS within 5 fire / extinguishing cycles) are considered to meet the "repeated action" attribute of the present invention claims.

[0065] The term "pore inclusions" refers to substances contained in a continuous solid phase that, when the material is damaged by fire, are released from the material into the environment in the form of gases, droplets, or small particles. These substances include fire extinguishing agents, preferably at a minimum extinguishing concentration of no more than 6%, such as halogenated alkanes, alkenes, ketones, cycloalkanes, mixtures thereof, or other additives according to the claims of this utility model. Examples of halogenated fire extinguishing agents include 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane, iodotrifluoromethane, 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, perfluoropropane, perfluoro-1,2-dimethylcyclobutane, perfluorocyclobutane, perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone, perfluoro-2-methylpentene-2, perfluoro-2-methylpentene-3, tetrachloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethylene, 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane, 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane, and mixtures thereof.

[0066] The term "continuous solid phase" includes solid elastic materials comprising one or more layers of organic polymers, which, during storage and handling, prevent the diffusion of inclusions from the pores into the atmosphere. The organic polymers are characterized by low electrical conductivity, sufficient elasticity and strength, and an oxygen index of 21-30 vol%. The organic polymers contained in the material should not transition to a viscous flow state upon short-term exposure to an open flame, as the accumulated polymer in this state would lead to flashback. The elasticity and strength protect the material from the domino effect, i.e., the progressively accelerated destruction of adjacent pores. Examples of thermosetting polymers include, but are not limited to, substances selected from the group consisting of: silicones, polyvinyl alcohol or derivatives thereof, particularly polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl tert-carbonate, polyvinyl butyral, copolymers based on vinyl acetate and ethylene, particularly sevirin, acrylic acid derivatives, styrene and its copolymers, phenol-formaldehyde resins, polyamides, gelatin or mixtures thereof.

[0067] The term "automatic fire extinguishing" refers to the process by which equipment, when exposed to an open flame, extinguishes the flame without human intervention or special activation devices, relying on the release of extinguishing agents from the equipment.

[0068] The term "extinguishing agent" refers to a single compound or mixture of compounds that exists in a gaseous or vaporous state when extinguishing a flame and possesses the physicochemical properties to create conditions for stopping combustion. This device uses halogenated organic alkanes, alkenes, ketones, cycloalkanes, or mixtures thereof as extinguishing agents, with a minimum extinguishing concentration preferably not exceeding 6%.

[0069] The term "refrigerant" refers to a substance that carries away heat from an object being cooled when it boils. Halogenated organic substances with a boiling point below 40°C are used as refrigerants.

[0070] The term "open flame" refers to an oxidation process accompanied by radiation and the release of heat energy in the visible light range.

[0071] The term "Minimum Extinguishing Concentration" (MEC) refers to the minimum volumetric concentration of an extinguishing agent in the air, which provides the substance for extinguishing spreading flames by volume.

[0072] The device for which protection is sought is characterized in that, throughout its entire service life, the material loss of the device to the atmosphere and the pore contents do not exceed 20% of the total mass of the material, while maintaining the ability to repeatedly extinguish fires under the influence of open flame.

[0073] Because the device for which protection is sought has the capability to repeatedly extinguish fires, it can be used to improve the fire safety of enclosed electrical equipment or products. Since extinguishing the fire source does not solve the fire problem and may cause backfire, the device for which protection is sought can extinguish any resulting backfire, thereby improving the fire safety of the operation of enclosed electrical equipment or products.

[0074] A contrast indicator coating is applied to the device, which irreversibly changes color upon contact with a flame, thereby further improving the fire safety of the equipment used, as it enables the timely elimination of the cause of a fire in electrical equipment or products.

[0075] The following are preferred embodiments of the device for which protection is sought, which are illustrative and do not in any way limit the scope of the legal protection sought.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] 650 g of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 250 g of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane were mixed in an autoclave. 55 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate was added, and the mixture was vigorously stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. Stirring was then stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed under nitrogen at an overpressure of 5 atm in a solution of 2.5 g PVA in 1.0 L of water at 0 °C. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 170 g polyvinyl polyamine in 2.0 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and the mixture was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was an 870g aqueous dispersion of Freon (a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0078] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 330 g of polyvinyl acetate aqueous dispersion in water and extruded onto ORACAL self-adhesive PVC tape under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixed to a metal substrate, so that the thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinally located pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extrudate was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layered material of 2-5 mm thickness was obtained, whose continuous phase consisted of polyvinyl acetate, and whose sealed pores contained a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane (used as a fire extinguishing agent and also as a refrigerant) and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane.

[0079] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 20 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11.

[0080] Example 2

[0081] 780 g of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and 295 g of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone were mixed in an autoclave. 78 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate was added to the mixture and the mixture was vigorously stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. Then, stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed in a solution of 3.7 g of PVA in 1.5 L of water at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and an overpressure of 5 atm. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 230 g of polyethylene polyamine in 3 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and it was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was an aqueous dispersion of 970 g of Freon (a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0082] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 460 g of sevilene aqueous dispersion in water and extruded onto ORACAL self-adhesive PVC tape under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixed to a metal substrate. The thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinally located pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extruded material was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layered material of 2-5 mm thickness was obtained, whose continuous phase consisted of sevilene, and whose sealed pores contained a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (used as a fire extinguishing agent and also as a refrigerant) and perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone.

[0083] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 15 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11.

[0084] Example 3

[0085] 1280 g of 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane and 538 g of 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane were mixed in an autoclave. 128 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate was added to the mixture and the mixture was vigorously stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. Then, stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed in a solution of 6.2 g of PVA in 2.5 L of water at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and 5 atm overpressure. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 385 g of polyvinyl polyamine in 5.0 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and the mixture was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was a 200 g aqueous dispersion of Freon (a mixture of 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0086] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 770 g of an aqueous dispersion of polystyrene acrylate and extruded onto a self-adhesive polyester film under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixed to a metal substrate. The thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinally located pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extruded material was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layered material of 2-5 mm thickness was obtained, whose continuous phase consisted of polystyrene acrylate, and whose sealed pores contained a mixture of 1-fluoro-1,1-dichloroethane (used as a fire extinguishing agent and also as a refrigerant) and 1,2-dibromotetrafluoroethane.

[0087] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 30 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11.

[0088] Example 4

[0089] 380 g of iodotrifluoromethane and 40 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were mixed in an autoclave and vigorously stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. Then, stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed in a solution of 1.9 g PVA in 0.8 L of water at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and an overpressure of 5 atm. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 118 g polyvinyl polyamine in 1.6 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and it was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was a 470 g aqueous dispersion of Freon (iodotrifluoromethane). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0090] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 210 g of polyvinyl acetate aqueous dispersion in water and extruded onto a polyamide film under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixed to a metal substrate, so that the thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinal pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extrudate was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layered material of 2-5 mm thickness was obtained, whose continuous phase consisted of polyvinyl acetate, and whose sealing pores contained iodotrifluoromethane as a fire extinguishing agent.

[0091] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 20 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11.

[0092] Example 5

[0093] 960 g of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane and 570 g of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone were mixed with 95 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate in an autoclave and stirred vigorously at 25 °C for 1 hour. Then, stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed in a solution of 4.6 g of PVA in 1.9 L of water at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and an overpressure of 5 atm. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 290 g of polyethylene polyamine in 3.8 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and it was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was a 1560 g aqueous dispersion of Freon (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane and perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0094] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 520 g of polyvinyl versatate aqueous dispersion in water and extruded onto ORACAL self-adhesive PVC tape under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixing it to a metal substrate so that the thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinal pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extruded material was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layer of material 2-5 mm thick was obtained, whose continuous phase consisted of polyvinyl versatate, and whose sealed pores contained a mixture of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropane (as a fire extinguishing agent, and also as a refrigerant) and perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone.

[0095] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 40 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11.

[0096] Example 6

[0097] 1350 g of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and 95 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were mixed in an autoclave and vigorously stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. Then, stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed in a solution of 4.6 g of PVA in 1.9 L of water at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and an overpressure of 5 atm. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 290 g of polyvinyl polyamine in 3.8 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and it was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was a 1400 g aqueous dispersion of Freon (1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0098] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 577g of an acrylic acid aqueous dispersion in water and extruded onto ORACAL self-adhesive PVC tape under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixing it to a metal substrate so that the thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinal pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extruded material was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layer of material 2-5mm thick was obtained, whose continuous phase consisted of acrylic polymer, and whose sealed pores contained 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane as a fire extinguishing agent.

[0099] Example 7

[0100] 380 g of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane, 2250 g of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, and 193 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were mixed in an autoclave and vigorously stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. Then, stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed in a solution of 9.2 g PVA in 3.8 L of water at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and an overpressure of 5 atm. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 575 g polyvinyl polyamine in 7.6 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and it was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was 2770 g of an aqueous dispersion of Freon (a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0101] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 1115 g of sevilene aqueous dispersion in water and extruded onto an aluminum strip under an overpressure of 1.5–1.8 atm, firmly fixed to a metal substrate. The thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3–0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinally located pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extruded material was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layered material of 2–5 mm thickness was obtained, the continuous phase of which consisted of sevilene, and the sealed pores contained a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (used as a fire extinguishing agent and also as a refrigerant) and 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane.

[0102] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 25 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11.

[0103] Example 8

[0104] 1850 g of perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone and 153 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate were mixed in an autoclave and vigorously stirred at 25 °C for 1 hour. Then, stirring was stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed in a solution of 7.3 g of PVA in 3.0 L of water at 0 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and an overpressure of 5 atm. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 455 g of polyethylene polyamine in 6.0 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and it was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was a 1910 g aqueous dispersion of Freon (perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0105] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 820 g of an aqueous dispersion of poly(ethylene tert-carbonate) in water and extruded onto ORACAL self-adhesive PVC tape under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixing it to a metal substrate so that the thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinally located pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extruded material was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layer of material 2-5 mm thick was obtained, in which the continuous phase consisted of poly(ethylene tert-carbonate) and the sealing pores contained perfluoroethyl isopropyl ketone as a fire extinguishing agent.

[0106] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 30 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11.

[0107] Example 9

[0108] 5 kg of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, 2 kg of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane and 500 g of Suprasec 2067 polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate were dispersed in an autoclave.

[0109] The resulting dispersion was added as small droplets through a nozzle to a solution consisting of 1.1 kg Jeffamine D-2000, 0.45 kg Jeffamine T-5000, 3.5 kg Jeffamine D-400, 1.025 kg Jeffamine D-230, 0.1 kg DEDTA 80, 0.25 kg Ethacure 420, 0.35 kg dioctyl phthalate, and 0.055 kg coal. The mixture was pressurized at room temperature to prevent the Freon from boiling due to the heat released during the reaction. The cured mixture was separated from the excess amine and washed with 1,1-difluoro-1-chloroethane. The resulting composition was extruded into thin layers (0.3-0.5 mm), subjected to a vertical pressing stage to obtain longitudinally oriented pores, and re-cured in Suprasec 2067 aerosol. Second and subsequent layers were applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner until a layer thickness of 2-5 mm was achieved.

[0110] The obtained polymer material was cut into circles with a diameter of 35 mm. As described in Example 11, the repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested.

[0111] Example 10

[0112] 1130 g of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 460 g of 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane were mixed in an autoclave, and 110 g of diphenylmethane diisocyanate was added. The mixture was stirred vigorously at 25 °C for 1 hour. Stirring was then stopped, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 3 hours until complete separation. The lower phase was then separated and dispersed under nitrogen at 5 atm overpressure in a solution of 5.3 g PVA in 2.2 L of water at 0 °C. After obtaining a stable emulsion, dispersion was stopped, and a solution of 335 g polyvinyl polyamine in 4.4 L of water at 0 °C was added with slow stirring. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, and then the temperature was linearly increased to 90 °C over three days. After heating, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool naturally, the pressure was released, and the mixture was washed with water to a neutral pH. The product was 1735 g of an aqueous dispersion of Freon (a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane). Centrifugation was performed to remove excess water.

[0113] The resulting aqueous dispersion was mixed with 665 g of polyvinyl acetate aqueous dispersion in water containing 7 g of black pigment, and extruded onto ORACAL self-adhesive PVC tape under an overpressure of 1.5-1.8 atm, firmly fixed to a metal substrate, such that the thickness of the extruded layer did not exceed 0.3-0.5 mm. The raw material was vertically pressed to form longitudinally located pores in the continuous phase of the polymer matrix. The extruded material was dried in a stream of dry air at 40°C. A second layer was applied on top of the resulting layer in a similar manner, vertically pressed, and dried. This sequence of operations was repeated several times until a uniform layer of material 2-5 mm thick was obtained, the continuous phase of which consisted of polyvinyl tert-carbonate with black pigment, and the sealing pores contained a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (which can also be used as a refrigerant and fire extinguishing agent).

[0114] After the last layer of material dries, use a roller to apply the hot melt indicator (which changes color from white to transparent when the temperature reaches above 90°C) to the outer surface.

[0115] The product was removed from the rigid substrate and cut into circular fragments with a diameter of 20 mm. The repeated fire extinguishing capability of the obtained device was successfully tested as described in Example 11. After the first phase of testing, the device's color changed from white to black, indicating activation.

[0116] Example 11

[0117] To assess the feasibility of repeatedly extinguishing open flames, a series of experiments were conducted using porous multilayer materials prepared by the methods described in Examples 1-10.

[0118] Determine the method of repeated fire suppression

[0119] For the experiment, a cylindrical combustion chamber, 8 cm high and 5 cm in diameter (0.16 L in volume), was prepared. Three 5 mm diameter holes were drilled in the bottom of the combustion chamber to allow air circulation. The sample was cut into the shape of the lid of the cylindrical combustion chamber and glued on from the inside. A cylindrical SFS container, 4 cm in diameter and 3 cm deep, filled with a mixture of n-heptane (5 mL) and water (10 mL), was placed in the center of the bottom of the combustion chamber, allowing the open flame to contact the sample device. The combustion chamber diagram is shown below. Figure 2 As shown. Ignite the SFS, close the combustion chamber with the attached cover, and record the time it takes for the flame to extinguish (Phase 1). If the SFS extinguishes within 10 seconds, the experiment is considered successful.

[0120] After the chamber has completely cooled, the chamber lid containing the sample is thermally cycled according to GOST 9.707. In accelerated aging mode, one test cycle is equivalent to one year of operation. The thermal cycling protocol includes: 8 hours at -60°C, followed by slow heating of the device to +60°C and holding for 8 hours. Afterward, the material is allowed to remain at room temperature (20-25°C) for 24 hours.

[0121] The fire test was then repeated five times in a manner similar to the first test, with thermal cycling performed after each fire test. All samples successfully passed the test cycle.

[0122] This embodiment demonstrates the ability of the claimed fire extinguishing material to extinguish fires repeatedly throughout its entire service life.

[0123] This utility model has been disclosed in conjunction with the specific embodiments described above. Other embodiments of this utility model that do not alter its essence will be apparent to those skilled in the art, as they have been disclosed in this specification. Therefore, the scope of this utility model should be considered to be limited only by the utility model claims.

Claims

1. An automatic, self-repeating fire extinguishing device, said device comprising a polymeric material, said polymeric material comprising a continuous solid phase provided with a plurality of sealed pores, said pores being filled with an organic halogen-containing substance, characterized in that, The pores are located in a plurality of layers and the continuous solid phase is capable of releasing the contents of the pores in repeated combustion-extinction cycles under the influence of an open flame.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The continuous solid phase of the polymeric material comprises an organic polymer having an oxygen index value of 21-30 vol%.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The pores of the material also contain a refrigerant selected from organic halogen-containing substances having a boiling point below 40°C.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, A coating is applied to the polymeric material which irreversibly changes colour on heating or contact with a flame.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The device is made in the form of a plate, clip, cap, cloth, ring, bundle, pincers to firmly secure the product on the inner surface of the electrical panel or conductor.

6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The device is made in the form of a circular or semicircular plate having a thickness of 1 to 5 mm and a diameter of 15 to 50 mm, which is secured to the upper part of the closed electrical equipment or electrical product. The device is made in the form of a circular or semicircular plate having a thickness of 1 to 5 mm and a diameter of 15 to 50 mm, which is secured to the upper part of the closed electrical equipment or electrical product.

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