Experimental device for simulating granular mixture slope evolution and development under real terrain

Abstract

The utility model provides an experimental device for simulating granular mixture slope evolution development under real terrain, which comprises a test system, a detection system and a control system, and the detection system is connected with the control system; the detection system comprises a camera shooting assembly, a signal acquisition assembly and a three-dimensional scanning assembly. The test system comprises a model box, a sliding acrylic plate obliquely arranged at one end of the inner side of the model box, a material source supply plate fixed to the upper end of the sliding acrylic plate and a sliding plate adjusting frame connected with the outer side of the sliding acrylic plate, and an acrylic stacking groove is formed in the position, close to the bottom end of the sliding acrylic plate, of the inner side of the model box. According to the experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of the granular mixture slope under the real terrain, the development and evolution process of granular mixture slope disasters is researched under different terrain conditions, and the experimental device plays an important guiding role in practical engineering production and life.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of physical model experimental device for granular slope disasters, specifically an experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of granular slopes under real terrain. Background Technology

[0002] Granular slopes are widely distributed in high-altitude and cold mountainous areas of my country. Their formation mainly stems from the long-term freeze-thaw cycle and strong weathering of rock slopes. Due to different mountainous terrain conditions, the morphology and degree of damage of granular slopes vary. Therefore, studying the development and evolution process of granular slopes under different terrain conditions provides core theoretical support for the prevention and control of granular slope disasters.

[0003] Granular slopes are a significant source component of debris flow hazards. Under rainfall conditions, combined with mud and water, granular slopes evolve into debris flows. Under snowfall conditions, the internal structure of granular slopes is extremely unstable, leading to slippage and further evolution into avalanches mixed with granular debris. The interaction between granular slopes and factors such as precipitation and snow accumulation creates a chain reaction of hazards, significantly increasing the overall risk to the region. Furthermore, research on granular slopes in western my country's terrain reveals that the morphology of granular slopes varies depending on the valley type. Some granular slopes are relatively stable, while others are in a critical state of failure, with granular debris breaking through retaining walls and causing large pieces of rock to fall, posing a serious threat to road safety, personnel safety, and engineering safety.

[0004] Therefore, studying the development and evolution of granular slope disasters under different topographic conditions is of great significance for regional safety. Based on this disaster background, this device was designed, which will provide guidance for actual engineering production and daily life. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of granular slopes under real terrain. It solves the technical problem of how to study the development and evolution process of granular slope disasters under different terrain conditions, which has important guiding significance for practical engineering production and life.

[0006] An experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of granular slopes under real terrain includes an experimental system, a detection system, and a control system, wherein the detection system is connected to the control system.

[0007] The detection system includes a camera component, a signal acquisition component, and a 3D scanning component.

[0008] The test system includes a model box, a sliding acrylic plate inclined at one end of the inner side of the model box, a material supply plate fixed at the upper end of the sliding acrylic plate, and a sliding plate adjustment frame connected to the outer side of the sliding acrylic plate. An acrylic stacking groove is provided on the inner side of the model box and near the bottom of the sliding acrylic plate.

[0009] It should be noted that the sliding plate adjustment frame can be adjusted up and down to adjust the tilt of the sliding acrylic plate. For example, the up and down adjustment can be achieved through a slide cylinder and guide column.

[0010] The camera assembly includes a high-speed camera, a wire connected to the high-speed camera at one end, and a display screen connected to the other end of the wire.

[0011] A high-speed camera is positioned directly in front of the model box to capture and record the particles and their motion during each experiment.

[0012] The signal acquisition component includes an acoustic emission sensor fixed to the bottom of the sliding acrylic plate, a vibration signal sensor fixed to the top of the sliding acrylic plate, an acoustic emission information acquisition instrument connected to the acoustic emission sensor, and a dynamic signal acquisition instrument connected to the vibration signal sensor.

[0013] The signal acquisition system consists of an acoustic emission information acquisition instrument and a multi-functional dynamic signal acquisition instrument. The acoustic emission sensor and vibration signal sensor are placed on the information acquisition board. The signal acquisition system is used to acquire the vibration signal and acoustic emission signal of each test, and to analyze the acoustic emission law and vibration law.

[0014] The acoustic emission information acquisition device and the dynamic signal acquisition device are located outside the model box and are both connected to the host computer.

[0015] The 3D scanning component includes a 3D laser scanner and a tripod mounted at the bottom of the 3D laser scanner, and the 3D laser scanner is connected to the host computer.

[0016] The bottom of the 3D laser scanner is fixed and leveled with a tripod to collect particle cloud images before and after each resupply, and then overlay them for analysis.

[0017] The host computer is used to store data from signal acquisition equipment and high-speed cameras.

[0018] A baffle strip is fixed below the material supply plate, and the baffle strip is supported and connected to the supply bracket. A movable acrylic baffle is erected between the two material supply plates.

[0019] The sliding acrylic panel comprises multiple transparent acrylic sheets connected in sequence, with two adjacent acrylic sheets connected as one unit by hinges.

[0020] The outermost acrylic panel is equipped with equally spaced sensor information acquisition boards for placing sensor probes to collect information.

[0021] Each acrylic panel is 2m long, 35cm wide, and 10mm thick, used to simulate real valley terrain with different angles.

[0022] The stacked acrylic groove includes a bottom fixed plate and a retractable plate.

[0023] The distance of the granular material rolling off can be adjusted according to the actual test, which facilitates the collection and observation of subsequent test materials.

[0024] The model box is made of 2mm thick square stainless steel and tempered glass. The model box is 3m long, 2m wide, 1.1m high on the supply side and 1.5m high on the observation side, with a design that is open on two sides and closed on four sides.

[0025] The slide plate adjustment frame is welded from 2mm thick square stainless steel and is used to support the material supply plate. The slide plate adjustment frame is equipped with adjustable stainless steel grids that can move up and down to adjust the tilt angle of the material supply plate and simulate more valley types with different angles.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0027] (1) This experimental device is used to simulate the development and evolution of granular slopes under real gully conditions. Based on the field survey, the gully angle and the source area angle are determined. The experiment simulates the development process of the slope. Combined with a three-dimensional laser scanner, cloud images before and after each replenishment are collected, and superimposed and compared for analysis. The movement state and damage state and characteristics of granular particles are observed. Combined with a high-speed camera, the damage process of the slope during replenishment is observed, providing a basis for engineering protection.

[0028] (2) This experimental setup can study the development process of granular slopes under different types of real terrain. It can use data obtained by high-speed cameras, three-dimensional laser scanners, multi-functional dynamic signal acquisition instruments and other equipment to analyze the development and evolution process of granular slopes under different terrain conditions, deduce granular slope disasters, and study more effective and economical protection and management methods for granular slope disasters, so as to provide technical support for engineering safety. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the experimental apparatus in this utility model.

[0030] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the connection structure between the material supply plate and the sliding acrylic plate in this utility model.

[0031] The attached diagrams are labeled as follows: 1. Material supply plate; 101. Barrier strip; 102. Supply bracket; 103. Acrylic baffle; 2. Sliding acrylic plate; 201. Hinge; 202. Sensor information acquisition plate; 3. Stacking acrylic trough; 301. Bottom fixing plate; 302. Telescopic plate; 4. Model box; 401. Square stainless steel I; 402. Tempered glass; 5. Sliding plate adjustment frame; 501. Stainless steel barrier; 502. Square stainless steel II; 6. High-speed camera; 7. Signal acquisition equipment system; 701. Acoustic emission information acquisition instrument; 702. Dynamic signal acquisition instrument; 703. Acoustic emission sensor; 704. Vibration signal sensor; 8. 3D laser scanner; 801. Triangular bracket; 9. Host computer. Detailed Implementation

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical features of this solution, the following detailed implementation method will be used to explain the solution.

[0033] See Figures 1-2 An experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of granular slopes under real terrain includes an experimental system, a detection system, and a control system, with the detection system connected to the control system.

[0034] The detection system includes a camera component, a signal acquisition component, and a 3D scanning component.

[0035] The test system includes a model box 4, a sliding acrylic plate 2 tilted at one end of the inner side of the model box 4, a material supply plate 1 fixed at the upper end of the sliding acrylic plate 2, and a sliding plate adjustment frame 5 connected to the outer side of the sliding acrylic plate 2. An acrylic stacking groove 3 is provided on the inner side of the model box 4 and near the bottom of the sliding acrylic plate 2.

[0036] The sliding acrylic plate 2 rests directly against the adjusting frame 5. The tilt of the sliding acrylic plate 2 can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the adjusting frame 5.

[0037] The camera assembly includes a high-speed camera 6, a wire connected to the high-speed camera 6 at one end, and a display screen connected to the other end of the wire.

[0038] A high-speed camera 6 is positioned directly in front of the model box 4 to capture and record the particles and their motion during each experiment.

[0039] The signal acquisition component includes an acoustic emission sensor 703 fixed to the bottom of the sliding acrylic plate 2, a vibration signal sensor 704 fixed to the top of the sliding acrylic plate 2, an acoustic emission information acquisition instrument 701 connected to the acoustic emission sensor 703, and a dynamic signal acquisition instrument 702 connected to the vibration signal sensor 704.

[0040] The signal acquisition equipment system 7 consists of an acoustic emission information acquisition instrument 701 and a multi-functional dynamic signal acquisition instrument 702. The acoustic emission sensor 703 and the vibration signal sensor 704 are placed on the information acquisition board. The signal acquisition equipment system 7 is used to acquire the vibration signal and acoustic emission signal of each test, and to analyze the acoustic emission law and vibration law.

[0041] The acoustic emission information acquisition instrument 701 and the dynamic signal acquisition instrument 702 are located outside the model box 4 and are both connected to the host computer 9.

[0042] The 3D scanning component includes a 3D laser scanner 8 and a tripod 801 set at the bottom of the 3D laser scanner 8. The 3D laser scanner 8 is connected to a host computer 9.

[0043] The bottom of the 3D laser scanner 8 is fixed and leveled using a tripod 801 to collect particle cloud images before and after each resupply, and then overlay them for analysis.

[0044] The host computer is used to store data from the signal acquisition equipment and the high-speed camera 6.

[0045] An inclined baffle 101 is fixed below the material supply plate 1. The baffle 101 is supported and connected to the supply bracket 102. A horizontally movable acrylic baffle 103 is installed between the two material supply plates 1, so that when material needs to be fed, the acrylic baffle 103 can be directly pulled out. The supply bracket 102 is positioned and connected to the material supply plate 1.

[0046] The sliding acrylic panel 2 consists of multiple transparent acrylic panels connected in sequence, with two adjacent acrylic panels hinged together by a hinge 201.

[0047] The outermost acrylic panel has equally spaced sensor information acquisition boards 202 for placing sensor probes to collect information.

[0048] Each acrylic panel is 2m long, 35cm wide, and 10mm thick, used to simulate real valley terrain with different angles.

[0049] The stacked acrylic groove 3 includes a bottom fixing plate 301 and a telescopic plate 302.

[0050] The distance of the granular material rolling off can be adjusted according to the actual test, which facilitates the collection and observation of subsequent test materials.

[0051] Model box 4 is composed of 2mm thick square stainless steel 401 and tempered glass 402. Model box 4 is 3m long, 2m wide, 1.1m high on the supply side and 1.5m high on the observation side, with a design that is open on two sides and closed on four sides.

[0052] The sliding plate adjustment frame 5 is welded from square stainless steel 502 with a thickness of 2mm. It is used to support the material supply plate 1. The supply support 102 is equipped with an adjustable stainless steel grid 501, which can move up and down to adjust the tilt angle of the material supply plate 1 and simulate more valley types with different angles.

[0053] The specific working process of this utility model is as follows:

[0054] In actual engineering, different valleys have different angles and depths, and the width and amount of the replenishment path in the material replenishment area are different. By surveying the actual granular slopes, we can obtain the valley data that produces the granular slopes and conduct scale tests.

[0055] Based on the width of the sliding path in the material source area and the inclination of the material source area, the supply width and supply angle of the material supply plate 1 are adjusted according to the similarity ratio. The supply width is determined by the distance between two adjacent grid bars 101, and the supply angle is met by adjusting the stainless steel grid bars 501 on the sliding plate adjustment frame 5.

[0056] Based on the surveyed valley angle and valley depth, the angle of the sliding acrylic plate 2 is adjusted according to the similarity ratio; based on the scale of the material source area and sliding area in the actual granular slope, the replenishment height is determined according to the experimental design similarity ratio, that is, the height of the material source replenishment plate 1 to the inclined surface of the lower stacked acrylic trough 3, and the height is adjusted with the replenishment support 102 as the reference.

[0057] The annual sludge production rate was obtained by surveying the actual granular slope, and the scale of each recharge was determined based on the similarity ratio; experiments were conducted using granular particles from the surveyed situ.

[0058] Before the experiment begins, place the sensors on the information acquisition board 202. The number of sensors and information acquisition boards is determined according to the experimental requirements. They can be placed according to the principle of dividing into three, five, or eight equal parts. Connect the sensors to the information acquisition equipment.

[0059] A 3D laser scanner 8 and a high-speed camera 6 are placed directly in front of the model box 4. The high-speed camera 6, the acoustic emission information acquisition instrument 701 and the multi-functional dynamic signal acquisition instrument 702 in the signal acquisition equipment system 7 are connected to the host computer 9. The equipment is adjusted, and the in-situ particles are placed on the material source supply plate 1. The movable acrylic baffle 103 is quickly pulled out to allow the granular particles to fall freely. The number of supply times and the supply weight for each supply are determined based on the chip production rate. Before each supply, the slope is scanned using the 3D laser scanner 8, and the slope morphology before each supply is recorded. After the experiment, the results are recorded.

[0060] By overlaying and comparing the three-dimensional laser scanning cloud images before and after each resupply, the accumulation and development process of granular materials can be analyzed. Based on the acoustic emission and vibration signals collected during each resupply, the stability of the slope can be determined, providing a scientific basis for future construction safety and subsequent engineering monitoring.

[0061] The technical features of this utility model not described can be implemented by or by using existing technology, and will not be repeated here. Of course, the above description is not a limitation of this utility model, and this utility model is not limited to the examples above. Any changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of this utility model should also be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of a granular body slope under a real terrain, characterized in that, The application relates to a test system, a detection system and a control system, wherein the detection system is connected with the control system, the detection system comprises a camera assembly, a signal acquisition assembly and a three-dimensional scanning assembly; The test system comprises a model box (4), a sliding acrylic plate (2) which is arranged at one end of the inner side of the model box (4), a material source supply plate (1) which is fixed at the upper end of the sliding acrylic plate (2), a sliding plate adjusting frame (5) which is connected with the outer side of the sliding acrylic plate (2), and an accumulation acrylic groove (3) which is arranged at the bottom end of the inner side of the model box (4) and close to the sliding acrylic plate (2); The camera assembly comprises a high-speed camera (6), a wire which is connected with one end of the high-speed camera (6), and a display screen which is connected with the other end of the wire; The signal acquisition assembly comprises an acoustic emission sensor (703) which is fixed at the bottom end of the sliding acrylic plate (2), a vibration signal sensor (704) which is fixed at the top end of the sliding acrylic plate (2), an acoustic emission information acquisition instrument (701) which is connected with the acoustic emission sensor (703), and a dynamic signal acquisition instrument (702) which is connected with the vibration signal sensor (704); The acoustic emission information acquisition instrument (701) and the dynamic signal acquisition instrument (702) are arranged outside the model box (4) and are connected with an upper computer (9); The three-dimensional scanning assembly comprises a three-dimensional laser scanner (8) and a triangular support (801) which is arranged at the bottom end of the three-dimensional laser scanner (8), and the three-dimensional laser scanner (8) is connected with the upper computer (9).

2. The experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of granular body slope on real terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, A blocking strip (101) is fixed on the material source supply plate (1), the blocking strip (101) is supported and connected with a supply support (102), and a movable acrylic baffle (103) is arranged between two material source supply plates (1).

3. The experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of granular body slope on real terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding acrylic plate (2) comprises a plurality of transparent acrylic single plates which are sequentially connected, and two adjacent acrylic single plates are integrally connected through hinged connection of hinges (201). Sensor information acquisition plates (202) are arranged at equal intervals on the outermost acrylic single plate, and sensor probes are placed on the sensor information acquisition plates (202) so as to acquire information.

4. The experimental device for simulating the evolution and development of granular body slope on real terrain according to claim 1, characterized in that, The accumulation acrylic groove (3) comprises a bottom fixed plate (301) and a telescopic plate (302).

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