Generating device for reducing water molecule clusters

By employing a shell and magnet assembly design in the water treatment equipment, and utilizing the annular mounting cavity and magnets to form a magnetic field, large water molecule clusters in the water flow are transformed into small water molecule clusters. This solves the problems of complex structure and low generation efficiency of existing devices, and achieves the effect of highly efficient generation of small water molecule clusters.

CN224030750UActive Publication Date: 2026-03-24VATTI CORP LTD
View PDF 0 Cites 0 Cited by

Patent Information

Authority / Receiving Office
CN · China
Patent Type
Utility models(China)
Current Assignee / Owner
Filing Date
2025-04-17
Publication Date
2026-03-24

AI Technical Summary

Technical Problem

Existing devices for generating small water molecule clusters are complex in structure, expensive, and have low generation efficiency, making it difficult to stably provide small water molecule clusters.

Method used

The design employs a shell and magnet assembly. By setting an annular mounting cavity and a water passage cavity inside the shell, and installing a first magnet and a second magnet in the water passage cavity, a magnetic field is formed to convert large water molecule clusters in the water flow into small water molecule clusters. A strong magnetic field is provided by neodymium iron boron permanent magnets to enhance the magnetization effect of the water flow.

Benefits of technology

It achieves efficient generation of small water molecule clusters, improves the generation rate, promotes rapid skin hydration and absorption, simplifies the structure, and reduces costs.

✦ Generated by Eureka AI based on patent content.

Smart Images

  • Figure CN224030750U_ABST
    Figure CN224030750U_ABST
Patent Text Reader

Abstract

The utility model provides a generating device for reducing water molecule clusters, which belongs to the technical field of water treatment equipment and comprises a shell and a magnet component, the shell comprises at least one annular mounting cavity, a water passing cavity, a water inlet and a water outlet, the water passing cavity is communicated with the water inlet and the water outlet, and the magnet component is arranged in the annular mounting cavity. The water passing cavity is formed in the inner side or the outer side of each annular mounting cavity, and one annular mounting cavity is located on the outermost side of the shell; the magnet assembly comprises first magnets corresponding to the annular mounting cavities, so that water flow in the water passing cavity perpendicularly penetrates through a magnetic field formed by the first magnets or penetrates through the magnetic field formed by the first magnets at an angle. According to the utility model, the generation rate of small water molecule clusters is improved.
Need to check novelty before this filing date? Find Prior Art

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water treatment equipment technology, and in particular to a device for reducing the generation of water molecule clusters. Background Technology

[0002] Water in nature does not exist as a single water molecule (H2O), but rather as clusters of water molecules aggregated together, commonly known as water molecule agglomerates. Scientific research shows that small water molecule clusters have characteristics such as small particle size, low surface tension, high solubility, and low viscosity, and their permeability is stronger than that of ordinary water. However, current devices for generating small water molecule clusters are complex in structure, expensive, and have low efficiency in generating small water molecule clusters. Utility Model Content

[0003] The first technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to address the problems of the prior art by providing a device for reducing the generation of water molecule clusters, which can convert some large water molecule clusters into small water molecule clusters through the shell and the magnet assembly, and can stably provide users with small water molecule clusters.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the first technical problem mentioned above is: a device for generating water molecule clusters, the device for generating water molecule clusters comprising:

[0005] The housing includes at least one annular mounting cavity, a water passage cavity, a water inlet, and a water outlet. The water passage cavity connects the water inlet and the water outlet. Each annular mounting cavity is provided on its inner or outer side, and one of the annular mounting cavities is located on the outermost side of the housing.

[0006] The magnet assembly includes a first magnet corresponding to each of the annular mounting cavities, such that the water flow in the water passage cavity passes perpendicularly or at an angle through the magnetic field formed by the first magnet.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the annular mounting cavity and the water passage cavity are both one, the annular mounting cavity is sleeved on the outer periphery of the water passage cavity, the first magnet is a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet, and the first magnet is radially oriented multipole magnetized.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is at least one annular mounting cavity and one water passage cavity. The radial projection of the water passage cavity is annular. A cylindrical mounting cavity is provided on the inner side of the water passage cavity. The magnet assembly further includes a second magnet mounted in the cylindrical mounting cavity, and the magnetic poles of the first magnet and the second magnet located on the same side have the same direction.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first magnet and the second magnet are both neodymium iron boron permanent magnets, and the projection of the outer contour of the first magnet and the second magnet in the axial direction is one of a circle, a rectangle, a triangle, a hexagon, an octagon, a decagon or a dodecagon.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple annular mounting cavities and multiple water passage cavities. The water passage cavities are of two types: one is an annular cavity located between two annular mounting cavities, and the other is a cylindrical cavity located in the axial middle of the housing.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the water inlet is connected to the water inlet end of the cylindrical cavity, and the water outlet end of the cylindrical cavity is respectively connected to the water inlet ends of two adjacent annular cavities, wherein the water flow directions of the two adjacent annular cavities are opposite.

[0012] The outlet is connected to the outermost annular cavity.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the housing further includes a plurality of transition cavities, each of the transition cavities being connected between two adjacent annular cavities, and the water flow direction of each transition cavity extending from the inside to the outside, so that the water flow passes through the plurality of annular cavities in sequence.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first magnet includes a plurality of arc-shaped magnetic blocks, and the annular mounting cavity includes a first sub-cavity corresponding to each of the arc-shaped magnetic blocks, wherein each of the arc-shaped magnetic blocks is inserted into the first sub-cavity.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the first magnet includes a plurality of annular magnetic blocks arranged circumferentially along the housing, and the annular mounting cavity includes a second sub-cavity corresponding to each of the annular magnetic blocks, and each of the annular magnetic blocks is inserted into the second sub-cavity.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the magnet assembly and the housing are integrally formed by injection molding.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages or beneficial effects:

[0018] This invention provides the housing and the water passage cavity. The annular mounting cavity is equipped with the first magnet, which can magnetize the water flowing into the water passage cavity. As the water flows vertically or at an angle through the magnetic field, some of the large water molecule clusters in the water are transformed into smaller water molecule clusters, which can effectively and stably generate a higher content of small water molecule clusters, and can quickly achieve rapid hydration and absorption of the skin. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The above and other features and advantages of this invention will become more apparent from a detailed description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a first device for generating water molecule clusters according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of a first apparatus for generating water molecule clusters according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a second device for generating water molecule clusters according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a second device for generating water molecule clusters according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a fourth schematic diagram of a third device for generating water molecule clusters, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of a third water molecule cluster generation device according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a fifth schematic diagram of a fourth device for generating water molecule clusters, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional view of a fourth device for generating water molecule clusters according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0028] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a fifth device for generating water molecule clusters, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional view of a fifth device for generating water molecule clusters, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0030] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of a sixth device for generating water molecule clusters, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional view of a sixth device for generating water molecule clusters, according to an exemplary embodiment. Attached image description:

[0033] 1. Shell; 11. Annular mounting cavity; 111. First sub-cavity; 12. Water passage cavity; 121. Annular cavity; 122. Cylindrical cavity; 13. Inlet; 14. Outlet; 15. Cylindrical mounting cavity; 16. Transition cavity;

[0034] 2. Magnet assembly; 21. First magnet; 211. Arc-shaped magnetic block; 22. Second magnet. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that the present invention will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and therefore their detailed description will be omitted.

[0036] The terms “a,” “one,” and “the” are used to indicate the existence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms “include” and “have” are used to indicate an open-ended meaning of inclusion and that there may be other elements / components / etc. in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.

[0037] This utility model provides a device for reducing the generation of water molecule clusters, such as... Figure 1-12As shown, the device for generating smaller water molecule clusters includes a housing 1 and a magnet assembly 2. The housing 1 includes at least one annular mounting cavity 11 and a water passage cavity 12. The water passage cavity 12 is provided on the inner or outer side of each annular mounting cavity 11, with one annular mounting cavity 11 located on the outermost side of the housing 1. The magnet assembly 2 includes a first magnet 21 installed in each annular mounting cavity 11, so that the water flow in the water passage cavity 12 passes through the magnetic field formed by the first magnet 21 perpendicularly or at an angle. Some existing products use 3 to 10 mounting slots spaced apart on the outer periphery of the housing. Each mounting slot is used to insert a magnet and fix it with adhesive or screws. This not only results in a complex structure, high processing cost, low assembly efficiency, and easy appearance of seams, but also limits the contact time between the magnetic field and the water flow, affecting the generation rate of small water molecule clusters. This application utilizes a housing 1, whose main body is typically a hollow cylinder, cube, cuboid, triangular prism, hexagonal prism, octagonal prism, decagonal prism, dodecagonal prism, or other regular prism structure. An annular mounting cavity 11 is formed by fitting a matching annular wall within the housing 1. The outer contours of the annular mounting cavity 11 and the first magnet 21 can be circular, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, decagonal, or dodecagonal. The first magnet 21 is an annular structure that matches the annular mounting cavity 11 and is inserted into it. The magnetic field of the first magnet 21 covers the adjacent water passage cavity 12. When water flows into the water passage cavity 12, it enters the magnetic field. As the water flows perpendicularly or at an angle through the magnetic field, some large water molecule clusters in the water are transformed into smaller water molecule clusters, effectively and stably generating a higher content of small water molecule clusters. The small water molecule clusters generated by this water molecule cluster reduction device can quickly achieve rapid deep skin hydration. The specific principle is that when water flows perpendicularly through a magnetic field, the hydrogen bonds of the water molecule clusters are broken under the influence of the magnetic field, and the large water molecule clusters are transformed into clusters containing more small water molecules. Water with smaller water molecule clusters is more easily absorbed, enhancing the moisturizing effect.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1-2 The annular mounting cavity 11 and the water passage cavity 12 shown are both one unit. The annular mounting cavity 11 is fitted around the outer periphery of the water passage cavity 12. The water passage cavity 12 connects the inlet 13 and the outlet 14. The first magnet 21 is a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet, and the first magnet 21 is radially oriented multipole magnetized. In this application, the radial projections of both the annular mounting cavity 11 and the first magnet 21 are annular. The housing 1 can be... Figure 1-2The cylindrical shell 1 shown has a structure with an annular mounting cavity 11 and a water passage cavity 12. The annular mounting cavity 11 is used to mount a first magnet 21, which is composed of a cylindrical annular permanent magnet. The first magnet 21 is radially oriented multi-pole magnetized, that is, multiple alternating N poles and S poles are formed on the surface of the cylindrical annular permanent magnet along the circumferential direction, and the magnetic poles are distributed radially. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the axis of the first magnet 21. The process of water flowing through the water passage cavity 12 is the process of passing through the magnetic field perpendicularly. Large water molecule clusters are transformed into small water molecule clusters, which increases the generation rate of small water molecule clusters.

[0039] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 3-6 The radial projection of the water passage cavity 12 shown is annular. A cylindrical mounting cavity 15 is provided on the inner side of the water passage cavity 12. The magnet assembly 2 also includes a second magnet 22 installed in the cylindrical mounting cavity 15. The magnetic poles of the first magnet 21 and the second magnet 22 located on the same side have the same direction. Figures 3-6 The illustrations depict the cases where the annular mounting cavity 11 and the first magnet 21 are hollow cylindrical magnets and hollow rectangular magnets, respectively. Figure 1-2 The difference is that, in Figure 1-2 The water passage cavity 12 is cylindrical, but it can also be a square prism, hexagonal prism, etc.; however, in this embodiment... Figure 3-6 The radial projection of the water passage cavity 12 is annular, and a cylindrical mounting cavity 15 is provided inside the water passage cavity 12. The magnetic poles of the annular mounting cavity 11 and the cylindrical mounting cavity 15 located on the same side have the same direction. That is, the opposite sides of the first magnet 21 and the second magnet 22 are the N pole and the S pole, respectively, so that the magnetic field between the first magnet 21 and the second magnet 22 passes through the water passage cavity 12 and can fully magnetize the water flow in the water passage cavity 12, thereby increasing the generation rate of small water molecule clusters. Figure 3-6 This illustration only shows the case where there is only one annular mounting cavity 11 and one water passage cavity 12. In practice, there can be multiple annular mounting cavities 11 and water passage cavities 12, as long as each annular mounting cavity 11 has a water passage cavity 12 on its adjacent side. The specific selection and arrangement can be made according to the actual situation, and this application does not impose any restrictions.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1-12The first magnet 21 and the second magnet 22 shown are both neodymium iron boron permanent magnets. The axial projection of the outer contours of the first magnet 21 and the second magnet 22 is one of a circle, rectangle, triangle, hexagon, octagon, decagon, or dodecagon. In this application, the magnet assembly 2, namely the first magnet 21 and the second magnet 22, are both neodymium iron boron permanent magnets. The magnetic force value of the magnet is selected from 0.05 to 1.0T, and the temperature resistance is selected from 40℃ to 100℃. Neodymium iron boron permanent magnets are one of the strongest permanent magnet materials currently available. They can provide an extremely strong magnetic field in a very small volume, which can act on and disturb the hydrogen bonds between water molecules, promoting the formation rate of small water molecule clusters.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 7-10 The annular mounting cavity 11 and the water passage cavity 12 shown are both multiple. The water passage cavity 12 is divided into two types: one is an annular cavity 121 located between two annular mounting cavities 11, and the other is a cylindrical cavity 122 located in the axial middle of the housing 1. Figures 7-10 The illustrations show that the first magnet 21 is a hollow cylindrical magnet, referred to here as a toroidal magnet. Figure 7-8 It uses two ring magnets. Figure 9-10 It utilizes three ring magnets, but the number can be adjusted to 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, or even more ring magnets depending on actual needs. Furthermore, the shape of the first magnet 21 can also be a hollow prismatic structure; this application does not impose any limitations on this. Both the ring cavity 121 and the cylindrical cavity 122 are designed to increase the number of times water flows through the magnetic field, promoting the formation of small water molecule clusters.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 7-10 The inlet 13 shown is connected to the inlet end of the cylindrical cavity 122. The outlet end of the cylindrical cavity 122 is connected to the inlet ends of the two adjacent annular cavities 121 respectively. The water flow directions of the two adjacent annular cavities 121 are opposite. The outlet 14 is connected to the outermost annular cavity 121. Figure 7-10 As shown, the magnetic poles of the multiple first magnets 21 are in the same direction. The water flows in from the cylindrical cavity 122 located in the middle of the shell 1, and then gradually flows outward into different annular cavities 121, so that the water flows back and forth between the multiple first magnets 21, increasing the magnetization time of the magnetic field on the water and promoting the formation of small water molecule clusters.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 7-10 The shell 1 shown also includes a plurality of transition cavities 16, each of which is connected between two adjacent annular cavities 121. The water flow direction of each transition cavity 16 extends from the inside to the outside, so that the water flows through the plurality of annular cavities 121 in sequence. Figure 7-10As shown, the transition cavity 16 is used to restrict the direction of water flow. Liquid in one of the annular cavities 121 enters the annular cavity 121 located outside it through the transition cavity 16, so that the water flow can reciprocate between multiple first magnets 21 according to a preset path, increasing the magnetization time of the magnetic field on the water and promoting the formation of small water molecule clusters.

[0044] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 11-12 The first magnet 21 shown includes a plurality of arc-shaped magnetic blocks 211, and the annular mounting cavity 11 includes a first sub-cavity 111 corresponding to each arc-shaped magnetic block 211, with each arc-shaped magnetic block 211 inserted into the first sub-cavity 111. Figure 11-12 As shown, the first magnet 21 consists of eight or more permanent magnets, and the shape of the permanent magnets is variable, not limited to the arc shape shown in the diagram, but can also be strip-shaped, fan-shaped, etc. By splicing magnets of different sizes or shapes, the overall diameter, height, or number of magnetic poles of the cylindrical magnet can be flexibly adjusted to meet diverse application needs. By adjusting the splicing angle and magnetic pole direction, the overall magnetic field distribution is made more uniform, reducing local magnetic field fluctuations. Complex magnetic field structures such as Halbach arrays can also be constructed to enhance the magnetic field strength in specific areas while reducing magnetic field leakage in other directions. Finally, the split splicing structure allows for partial replacement or repair, avoiding the scrapping of the whole due to defects in a single magnet, improving the yield rate, and reducing the overall weight while maintaining magnetic performance.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the first magnet 21 includes a plurality of annular magnetic blocks arranged circumferentially along the shell 1. The annular mounting cavity 11 includes a second sub-cavity corresponding to each annular magnetic block, and each annular magnetic block is inserted into the second sub-cavity. In this application, the first magnet 21 can be an annular body in the above-described structural form along its radial position. The first magnet 21 can be divided into several segments in the axial direction. Multiple radial partitions can be provided in the annular mounting cavity 11. Preferably, the first magnet 21 has 3 to 7 layers with an interlayer spacing of 5 to 30 mm. The first magnet 21 can be cylindrical, cuboid, sheet-like, etc., and its size and quantity can be determined according to the required magnetic field strength.

[0046] In a preferred embodiment of this utility model, such as Figure 1-12 The magnet assembly 2 and the housing 1 shown are integrally molded by injection molding. The housing 1 of this application is made of plastic. By using injection molding to integrally mold the magnet assembly 2 and the housing 1, the magnet assembly 2 can be completely wrapped by plastic. This not only ensures that the magnet assembly 2 is accurately installed and positioned, and that the magnetic field uniformly covers the water cavity 12, preventing water vapor from oxidizing or corroding the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, but also reduces the number of parts, simplifies the assembly process, and lowers costs.

[0047] In this embodiment of the invention, the term "multiple" refers to two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined. The terms "install," "connect," and "fix" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connect" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this embodiment of the invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0048] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "upper" and "lower" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or unit referred to must have a specific direction or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of this utility model.

[0049] In the description of this specification, the terms "an embodiment," "a preferred embodiment," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0050] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, the present utility model can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A device for generating water molecule clusters, characterized in that, include: The housing (1) includes at least one annular mounting cavity (11), a water passage cavity (12), a water inlet (13), and a water outlet (14). The water passage cavity (12) connects the water inlet (13) and the water outlet (14). The water passage cavity (12) is provided on the inner or outer side of each annular mounting cavity (11), and one of the annular mounting cavities (11) is located on the outermost side of the housing (1). The magnet assembly (2) includes a first magnet (21) corresponding to each of the annular mounting cavities (11) such that the water flow in the water passage cavity (12) passes perpendicularly or at an angle through the magnetic field formed by the first magnet (21).

2. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular mounting cavity (11) and the water passage cavity (12) are both one. The annular mounting cavity (11) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the water passage cavity (12). The first magnet (21) is a hollow cylindrical permanent magnet, and the first magnet (21) is a radially oriented multipole magnetized.

3. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is at least one annular mounting cavity (11) and one water passage cavity (12). The radial projection of the water passage cavity (12) is annular. A cylindrical mounting cavity (15) is provided on the inner side of the water passage cavity (12). The magnet assembly (2) also includes a second magnet (22) installed in the cylindrical mounting cavity (15). The magnetic poles of the first magnet (21) and the second magnet (22) located on the same side have the same direction.

4. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first magnet (21) and the second magnet (22) are neodymium iron boron permanent magnets. The projection of the outer contour of the first magnet (21) and the second magnet (22) on the axial direction is one of a circle, a rectangle, a triangle, a hexagon, an octagon, a decagon or a dodecagon.

5. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that, There are multiple annular mounting cavities (11) and water passage cavities (12). The water passage cavities (12) are of two types: one is an annular cavity (121) located between two annular mounting cavities (11), and the other is a cylindrical cavity (122) located in the axial middle of the housing (1).

6. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 5, characterized in that, The inlet (13) is connected to the inlet end of the cylindrical cavity (122), and the outlet end of the cylindrical cavity (122) is connected to the inlet ends of the two adjacent annular cavities (121), wherein the water flow directions of the two adjacent annular cavities (121) are opposite. The outlet (14) is connected to the outermost annular cavity (121).

7. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 5, characterized in that, The housing (1) further includes a plurality of transition cavities (16), each of the transition cavities (16) being connected between two adjacent annular cavities (121), and the water flow direction of each of the transition cavities (16) extending from the inside to the outside, so that the water flow passes through the plurality of annular cavities (121) in sequence.

8. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first magnet (21) includes a plurality of arc-shaped magnetic blocks (211), and the annular mounting cavity (11) includes a first sub-cavity (111) corresponding to each of the arc-shaped magnetic blocks (211), and each of the arc-shaped magnetic blocks (211) is inserted into the first sub-cavity (111).

9. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first magnet (21) includes a plurality of annular magnetic blocks arranged circumferentially along the housing (1), and the annular mounting cavity (11) includes a second sub-cavity corresponding to each of the annular magnetic blocks, and each of the annular magnetic blocks is inserted into the second sub-cavity.

10. The device for generating water molecule clusters according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnet assembly (2) and the housing (1) are integrally formed by injection molding.