Patch antenna

Abstract

The utility model provides a patch antenna, which belongs to the field of patch antenna equipment, and is characterized in that a radiation patch is arranged at the end part of a bottom plate, a plurality of metalized through holes are formed in the periphery of the radiation patch, the metalized through holes are formed in the bottom plate, top metal layers are arranged at the end parts of the metalized through holes, and bottom grounding layers are arranged at the tail parts of the metalized through holes; the top metal layer and the bottom grounding layer are connected through metallization to form a structure similar to a shielding cover, the antenna is suitable for increasing the isolation degree of the patch antenna, a plurality of metallization through holes are formed in the periphery of the bottom plate, the metal layers are laid at the upper ends and the lower ends of the metallization through holes, and the radiation area of the antenna is limited in the metallization through holes; the leakage of electromagnetic waves to other areas is reduced, so that the coupling with other antennas is reduced, and the isolation degree is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to patch antenna equipment field, concretely relates to a patch antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the rapid development of modern wireless communication technology, the antenna system puts forward more demands on various performance indexes of the antenna, such as high isolation, high gain, wide scanning beam, etc. These demands are often difficult to achieve through a single antenna design, and the traditional single patch antenna has the disadvantages of relatively narrow relative bandwidth, limited radiation efficiency, and small power capacity that can be tolerated. However, in a phased array antenna system, the isolation between each antenna unit is a key technical index. Lower isolation will cause mutual interference between signals of the antennas, reducing the performance of the communication system, such as increasing the bit error rate and reducing the channel capacity. The current common patch antenna isolation improvement method has certain limitations, such as increasing the overall size of the antenna system by increasing the antenna spacing, which is not conducive to the development of device miniaturization, and using a complex shielding structure will increase the cost and design complexity. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the utility model provides a kind of patch antenna, can be laid on the metallization via hole upper and lower two ends metal layer, limit the radiation area of antenna in metallization via hole, reduce electromagnetic wave to other areas leakage, to reduce the coupling between other antennas, to improve isolation.

[0004] To solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a kind of patch antenna, including bottom plate, the bottom plate is the multilayer dielectric plate stacked by non-solidification sheet, the dielectric plate is the plate material of non-metal material, and the bottom plate end has radiation patch, and the radiation patch is the key component of microstrip patch antenna, and the material is copper. Radiation patch is generally located on the surface of antenna dielectric plate, and its size determines the antenna operating frequency band, gain, radiation pattern and other performances, and is the core component of antenna to realize wireless communication function.

[0005] Radiation patch has coaxial line feed, and the material of coaxial line feed is copper, and the coaxial line feed has strong anti-interference ability, simple and reliable structure, and standardized interface is convenient for quick connection with radio frequency connector, so it is often used in antenna system. The role of feed part is: the process of transmitting radio frequency signal to antenna radiation patch, so that the antenna can be normally used. The feed part directly affects the impedance matching, radiation efficiency and antenna pattern of the antenna.

[0006] The bottom plate has a plurality of metalized through holes around the periphery, the metalized through holes are through holes formed around the periphery of the original bottom plate and formed by electroplating a metal layer in the through holes, and a metal layer is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the metalized through holes to form a top metal layer and a bottom ground layer, the ground layer has the functions of reflecting radio waves and enhancing the signal radiation capability of the antenna, and the ground layer can reduce noise in the antenna system and improve the antenna efficiency.

[0007] The metalized through holes are connected to the top metal layer and the bottom metal layer, and a shielding structure is formed in the metalized through holes; in the multi-layer PCB antenna, the metal layers of the top layer and the bottom layer are connected through the metalized through holes, the radiation area of the antenna is limited in a specific space, the leakage of electromagnetic waves to other areas is reduced, the coupling between the antenna and other antennas is reduced, and the isolation is improved.

[0008] A groove is formed in the middle of the bottom plate, the radiation patch is arranged in the groove, and the radiation patch has a height difference with the end of the outer metalized through hole, so that the mutual interference between the radiation patch and the metalized through hole is reduced.

[0009] The tail of the bottom plate has a connecting layer, the connecting layer is in contact with the coaxial line feed, and the signal transmission can be completed.

[0010] The metal layer is a copper foil, the copper foil has the characteristics of thinness and good conductivity, and the use of the copper foil on the bottom plate can reduce the thickness of the bottom plate.

[0011] Screw holes are formed around the periphery of the bottom plate, so that the bottom plate can be conveniently installed and fixed.

[0012] The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme of the utility model are as follows:

[0013] 1. Improve the isolation: a plurality of metalized through holes are arranged around the periphery of the bottom plate, and a metal layer is arranged at the upper and lower ends of the metalized through holes to form a shielding structure, the radiation area of the antenna is limited in the metalized through holes, the leakage of electromagnetic waves to other areas is reduced, and the coupling between the antenna and other antennas is reduced, so that the isolation is effectively improved.

[0014] 2. Optimizing the antenna performance: the bottom ground layer serves as a reflecting surface, which enhances the radiation directivity of the antenna by using the mirror principle, reduces the noise in the antenna system, improves the antenna efficiency, and optimizes the antenna performance.

[0015] 3. Reducing the interference: the metal at both ends of the metalized via provides a low-impedance return path for the current, reduces the stray electromagnetic field generated by uneven current distribution, reduces the interference on the coaxial line feed, and ensures the stable operation of the antenna.

[0016] 4. Realizing miniaturization: the metal layer is made of copper foil, which is thin and has good conductivity, which reduces the thickness of the bottom plate while ensuring the signal transmission efficiency. The multi-layer dielectric plate is bonded by non-cured sheet hot pressing to form an alternating stack structure of "dielectric-metal-dielectric", which meets the dual requirements of miniaturization and high performance, and is conducive to the development of equipment miniaturization.

[0017] 5. Easy to install and enhance compatibility: screw holes are provided around the bottom plate for easy installation and fixation of the bottom plate. The screw hole position can be opened according to the actual use, and the hole position corresponds to the external equipment mounting hole position. The edge of the screw hole is metalized and connected to the bottom ground layer, which can be used as a grounding connection point to enhance electromagnetic compatibility. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic view of the main structure of the patch antenna of the present application;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic view of the left structure of the present application.

[0020] Reference signs: 1, radiation patch; 2, metalized via; 3, metal layer; 4, groove; 5, coaxial line feed; 6, connection layer; 7, screw hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the following will combine the drawings of the embodiments of the present application to make a detailed description. Figures 1-2 The technical scheme of the embodiments of the present application is described clearly and completely. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, not all. Based on the described embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 ,

[0023] The embodiment provides a patch antenna, a plurality of metalized through holes 2 are formed around a bottom plate, a metal layer 3 is laid at the tail and the end of the metalized through hole 2, the metal layer 3 is connected through the metalized through hole 2, a shielding layer is formed in the metalized through hole 2, the radiation area of the antenna is limited in the metalized through hole 2, electromagnetic wave leakage to other areas is reduced, coupling between the antenna and other antennas is reduced, and isolation is improved.

[0024] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 : the bottom plate is a multilayer dielectric plate and is formed by adhesion of non-solidified plates, a plurality of metalized through holes 2 are uniformly distributed around the bottom plate, the metalized through holes 2 penetrate the multilayer dielectric plate, and a metal conductive layer (material: copper) is formed on the hole wall through electroplating or chemical deposition process. The upper end and the lower end of the through hole are respectively connected with a top layer metal layer 3 and a bottom layer ground layer, and a vertical conductive path is formed. The bottom layer ground layer and the top layer metal layer 3 are large-area copper foils, and the bottom layer ground layer has two core functions: signal enhancement and noise suppression in the antenna system: as a reflecting surface, the radiation directivity of the antenna is enhanced through the mirror principle; meanwhile, as a reference ground, the common-mode noise of the antenna system is reduced, and the signal purity is improved.

[0025] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 : the top layer metal layer 3 and the bottom layer ground layer are connected through the metalized through hole 2, a shield-like cover structure is formed, the radiation field of the antenna is limited in the middle area of the bottom plate, and electromagnetic wave leakage to the surrounding space is reduced. This structure effectively reduces the electromagnetic coupling between adjacent antennas in the multi-antenna array, improves the isolation, and at the same time provides a low-impedance return path for the induced current generated during the operation of the antenna, avoids the stray electromagnetic field caused by uneven current distribution, reduces the interference on the coaxial line feed 5. Without increasing the physical size of the bottom plate, through the dense arrangement of the metalized through holes 2, the active standing wave ratio during scanning of the antenna array can be significantly reduced, and the system stability is improved.

[0026] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 : a rectangular or special-shaped recess 4 is processed in the middle of the bottom plate, the radiation patch 1 is embedded in the recess 4, and the surface of the radiation patch 1 and the top end of the outer metalized through hole 2 form a certain height difference (usually 0.5-2 mm). The height difference is achieved through the thickness design of the dielectric plate or the depth control of the recess 4, and is aimed at reducing the near-field coupling effect between the radiation patch 1 and the metalized through hole 2. Specifically, the electromagnetic field generated by the radiation patch 1 during high-frequency operation is mainly concentrated in the recess 4 area, and the top end of the metalized through hole 2 is far away from the strong field area of the radiation patch 1 due to the height difference, so as to suppress the parasitic coupling between the two, avoid the distortion of the radiation pattern and the decrease of the efficiency.

[0027] As shown in Figure 1 , 2As shown: the top metal layer 3, the bottom ground layer and the connecting layer 6 all use thin copper foil, which has excellent electrical conductivity and flexibility, so that the overall thickness of the bottom plate is significantly reduced while ensuring signal transmission efficiency. The multilayer dielectric plate is bonded by non-cured sheet hot pressing, and the metal layer 3 is sandwiched between the dielectric plates or coated on the surface to form an alternating stack structure of "dielectric-metal-dielectric", which meets the dual requirements of miniaturization and high performance.

[0028] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 : screw holes 7 are provided around the bottom plate, and the positions of the screw holes 7 are determined according to the actual use, and the hole positions correspond to the mounting hole positions of external equipment (such as antenna array frame, carrier platform), and are fastened by screws or bolts to ensure mechanical stability. The edges of the screw holes 7 are metalized and conductive with the bottom ground layer, which can also be used as grounding connection points to enhance electromagnetic compatibility.

[0029] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 : signal transmission path: external radio frequency signal through coaxial connector → connecting layer 6 (bottom plate tail metalized area) → coaxial line inner conductor → radiation patch 1, complete signal injection; the electromagnetic wave generated by the radiation patch 1 is radiated to the free space through the dielectric plate, and the bottom ground layer reflects to enhance the main lobe radiation.

[0030] As shown in Figure 1 , 2 : ground and shielding structure: top metal layer 3 → metalized via 2 → bottom ground layer, forming a vertical conductive path to build an electromagnetic shielding cavity; the array of metalized vias 2 restricts the radiation field distribution and reduces cross-layer coupling.

[0031] As shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 , 2 : mechanical and electrical integration: the radiation patch 1 is embedded in the middle groove 4 and maintains a height difference with the metalized via 2; the copper foil metal layer 3 is bonded with the dielectric plate through non-cured sheet, and the screw hole 7 realizes mechanical fixation and ground conduction

[0032] Working principle: the external radio frequency signal is transmitted to the bottom plate tail connecting layer 6 through the coaxial connector, is fed to the radiation patch 1 through the inner conductor of the coaxial line, the radiation patch 1 converts the signal into electromagnetic waves and radiates to the free space, the bottom ground layer serves as a reflecting surface, and the radiation directivity of the antenna is enhanced through the mirror principle. The metalized through holes 2 around the bottom plate penetrate the multilayer dielectric plate, the hole wall is processed to form a metal conductive layer, the upper and lower ends of which are connected with the top metal layer 3 and the bottom ground layer respectively, forming a vertical conductive path, and a structure similar to a shielding cover is constructed, which limits the radiation field of the antenna in the middle area of the bottom plate, reduces the leakage of electromagnetic waves to the surrounding space, effectively reduces the electromagnetic coupling between adjacent antennas in the multi-antenna array, and improves the isolation. At the same time, a low-impedance return path is provided for the induced current generated during the operation of the antenna, avoiding the stray electromagnetic field caused by uneven current distribution and reducing the interference to the coaxial feed 5. The radiation patch 1 is embedded in the middle groove 4 of the bottom plate, and the surface of the radiation patch 1 and the top end of the outer metalized through hole 2 form a height difference, reducing the near-field coupling effect between the two, suppressing parasitic coupling, avoiding pattern distortion and efficiency reduction, and thus ensuring stable and efficient operation of the antenna.

[0033] In addition, it should be further pointed out that, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting" and "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0034] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, a number of improvements and refinements can be made, which should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A patch antenna, comprising a base plate, characterized in that: A radiation patch (1) is placed at the end of the base plate. The radiation patch (1) has multiple metallized through holes (2) around its periphery. The metallized through holes (2) are located on the base plate. The two ends of the metallized through holes (2) have metal layers (3). The metal layers (3) are connected to the metallized through holes (2) to form a shield.

2. A patch antenna as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A groove (4) is formed in the middle of the base plate, and the radiating patch (1) is located in the middle of the groove (4).

3. A patch antenna as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The depth of the groove (4) is greater than the height of the radiation patch (1).

4. A patch antenna as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The radiating patch (1) has a coaxial feed (5).

5. A patch antenna as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom of the base plate has a connecting layer (6) that is connected to the coaxial power supply (5).

6. A patch antenna as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The metal layer (3) is copper foil.

7. A patch antenna as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The base plate has screw holes (7) around its perimeter.

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