Built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separation structure of waste heat boiler

Abstract

The utility model discloses a built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separation structure of a waste heat boiler, a steam-water separation device comprises a barrel body, an inlet pipe is arranged on the side wall of the barrel body, a cyclone separation assembly and a centrifugal separation assembly are sequentially arranged in the barrel body from bottom to top, a water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the barrel body, and the water collecting tank is connected with a water outlet pipe. A steam outlet pipe is arranged at the top of the barrel; the cyclone separation assembly comprises a plurality of spiral blades, and the spiral blades are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the barrel. Therefore, the cyclone separation assembly firstly achieves efficient separation of large-particle-size water drops (larger than 50 microns) through spiral blades, the centrifugal separation assembly further separates tiny liquid drops (5-50 microns) through a conical barrel and a flow guide plate, a three-stage separation system is formed in cooperation with a top wire mesh demister, the steam humidity can be reduced to 0.1% or below, all the assemblies are internally provided with barrels and are axially arranged in a layered mode, and the separation efficiency is improved. The height of the spiral blade accounts for 1 / 3 of that of the cylinder, the height of the conical cylinder accounts for 1 / 4, the overall radial size is consistent with that of the cylinder, and extra space is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of waste heat boilers, and in particular to a built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure for waste heat boilers. Background Technology

[0002] In waste heat boiler systems, the steam-water separator is a core component determining steam quality. Existing steam-water separators generally suffer from the following shortcomings:

[0003] 1. Insufficient separation efficiency: Traditional single-stage separation structures (such as simple cyclone separation or centrifugal separation) are difficult to remove large-diameter water droplets and small droplets simultaneously and efficiently. In particular, the separation effect of droplets with a diameter of 5-10μm is poor, resulting in excessive moisture carried by steam.

[0004] 2. Structural design defects: Some devices use multi-layer screens or complex baffles, which can improve the separation effect, but the pressure drop increases significantly and they are prone to clogging, resulting in high maintenance costs;

[0005] 3. Low space utilization: Most of the separate components are independently externally designed, which requires additional space inside the boiler and is not conducive to the integrated design of compact waste heat boilers.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a gas-water separation device that can achieve multi-stage efficient separation, has a compact structure, and allows for smooth drainage. Utility Model Content

[0007] This utility model aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0008] Therefore, the purpose of this utility model is to propose a cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure built into a waste heat boiler. The cyclone separation component first achieves efficient separation of large-diameter water droplets (>50μm) through spiral blades. The centrifugal separation component further separates tiny droplets (5-50μm) using a conical cylinder and guide plate. Combined with a top wire mesh demister, a three-stage separation system is formed, which can reduce the steam humidity to below 0.1%. All components are built into the cylinder and arranged in axial layers. The height of the spiral blades occupies 1 / 3 of the cylinder, and the height of the conical cylinder occupies 1 / 4. The overall radial dimension is consistent with the cylinder, requiring no additional space.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model proposes a built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure for waste heat boilers, including a steam-water separation device. The device is characterized by: a cylindrical body with an inlet pipe on its side wall; a cyclone separation component and a centrifugal separation component arranged sequentially from bottom to top inside the cylindrical body; a water collection tank at the bottom of the cylindrical body connected to a water outlet pipe; and a steam outlet pipe at the top of the cylindrical body. The cyclone separation component includes multiple spiral blades fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylindrical body. Furthermore, starting from the inlet pipe, the spiral extends upwards in a spiral pattern, forming a cyclone separation channel between the spiral blades and the inner wall of the cylinder. The centrifugal separation assembly includes a conical cylinder, which is a hollow frustum-shaped structure. The outer diameter of its large end is consistent with and fixedly connected to the inner diameter of the cylinder, while the small end opens upwards and has a smaller diameter than the large end. Multiple guide plates are provided on the inner wall of the conical cylinder, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the conical cylinder. One end of the guide plate is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical cylinder, while the other end is inclined toward the central axis of the conical cylinder and does not contact the central axis.

[0010] This utility model's waste heat boiler incorporates a cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure. The cyclone separation component first achieves efficient separation of large-diameter water droplets (>50μm) through spiral blades. The centrifugal separation component further separates tiny droplets (5-50μm) using a conical cylinder and guide plate. Combined with a top wire mesh demister, a three-stage separation system is formed, reducing steam humidity to below 0.1%. All components are built into a cylindrical body and arranged axially in layers. The height of the spiral blades occupies 1 / 3 of the cylindrical body, and the height of the conical cylinder occupies 1 / 4. The overall radial dimension is consistent with the cylindrical body, requiring no additional space.

[0011] In addition, the waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure proposed in the application may also have the following additional technical features:

[0012] Specifically, the spiral angle of the spiral blade is 30°-60°, the height of the spiral blade is 1 / 3 of the height of the cylinder, and the spiral extension direction of the spiral blade is adapted to the inflow direction of the steam-water mixture in the inlet pipe.

[0013] Specifically, the angle between the guide plate and the inner wall of the conical cylinder is 45°-75°, the length of the guide plate is 1 / 2 of the radius of the large end of the conical cylinder, and the number of guide plates is 8, which are distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the conical cylinder.

[0014] Specifically, the water collection trough is an annular structure and is located on the inner wall of the bottom of the cylinder. A drain pipe is connected to the bottom of the water collection trough, and the drain pipe passes through the bottom of the cylinder and is connected to an external drainage system.

[0015] Specifically, the diameter of the steam outlet pipe is smaller than the diameter of the cylinder, and a wire mesh demister is installed inside the steam outlet pipe, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steam outlet pipe.

[0016] Specifically, the spiral blades are fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder by welding or bolting, and the large end of the conical cylinder is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder by welding or bolting.

[0017] Specifically, the inlet pipe is connected along the tangential direction of the cylinder, and its connection position corresponds to the starting position of the spiral blade, so as to guide the steam-water mixture to flow along the spiral direction of the spiral blade.

[0018] The advantages of this invention compared to existing technologies are as follows:

[0019] (1) The cyclone separation component first achieves efficient separation of large-diameter water droplets (>50μm) through the spiral blades. The centrifugal separation component further separates tiny droplets (5-50μm) using a conical cylinder and a guide plate. Combined with the top wire mesh demister, a three-stage separation system is formed, and the steam humidity can be reduced to below 0.1%.

[0020] (2) All components are built into the cylinder and arranged in layers along the axis. The height of the spiral blade occupies 1 / 3 of the cylinder and the height of the conical cylinder occupies 1 / 4. The overall radial dimension is consistent with the cylinder, requiring no additional space.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this utility model will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0023] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of a waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a front view of the built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure of a waste heat boiler according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal cross-sectional structure of the waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral blade structure of the waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] As shown in the figure: 1. Cylinder; 2. Inlet pipe; 3. Cyclone separator assembly; 4. Centrifugal separator assembly; 5. Water collection tank; 6. Steam outlet pipe; 7. Water outlet pipe; 8. Drain pipe; 9. Wire mesh demister; 31. Spiral blade; 32. Cyclone separator channel; 41. Conical cylinder; 42. Guide plate. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Rather, the embodiments of the present invention include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0029] The following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, describes the waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure of this utility model embodiment.

[0030] like Figures 1-4 As shown in the figure, the waste heat boiler of this utility model has a built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure, including a steam-water separation device. The steam-water separation device includes a cylinder 1, an inlet pipe 2 is provided on the side wall of the cylinder 1, and a cyclone separation component 3 and a centrifugal separation component 4 are arranged sequentially from bottom to top inside the cylinder 1. A water collection tank 5 is provided at the bottom of the cylinder 1, and a water outlet pipe 7 is connected to the water collection tank 5. A steam outlet pipe 6 is provided at the top of the cylinder 1.

[0031] It can be understood that the steam-water separation device is mainly composed of a cylinder 1, which is vertically cylindrical. An inlet pipe 2 is horizontally installed in the middle of its side wall for receiving the steam-water mixture. The cyclone separation component 3 and the centrifugal separation component 4 are fixedly installed in the cylinder from bottom to top. An annular water collection tank 5 is set at the bottom, and a steam outlet pipe 6 is set at the center of the top. The bottom of the water collection tank is connected to the external drainage system through a water outlet pipe 7.

[0032] Multiple spiral blades 31 are connected by welding or bolts and are uniformly fixed along the inner wall of the cylinder 1. The starting end of the blade is aligned with the access position of the inlet pipe 2 to ensure that the steam-water mixture flows directly into the spiral guide path after flowing out of the inlet pipe.

[0033] The blades extend spirally upwards from the inlet pipe, with a spiral angle (the angle between the blade tangent and the horizontal plane) of 30°-60°. The spiral height covers the lower 1 / 3 of the cylinder, forming a cyclone separation channel 32 that surrounds the inner wall of the cylinder.

[0034] Cyclone separation principle:

[0035] After the steam-water mixture enters the cylinder through the inlet pipe 2, it is guided by the spiral blades 31 and forced to make a spiral upward motion, forming a high-speed rotating gas-liquid two-phase flow.

[0036] The denser water droplets are thrown against the cylinder wall by centrifugal force and slide down the wall to the bottom water collection tank 5, achieving the initial separation of large-diameter water droplets (>50μm); the steam forms a low-humidity gas column in the central area of ​​the cylinder and continues to flow upward into the centrifugal separation component 4.

[0037] The conical cylinder 41 is a hollow frustum structure. The outer diameter of the large end is the same as the inner diameter of the cylinder 1. It is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder by welding or bolts. The small end opens upward and its diameter is smaller than that of the large end, forming a gradually narrowing channel that is narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.

[0038] The axis of the conical cylinder coincides with the axis of the cylinder body, with its large end located above the cyclone separator assembly 3 and its small end facing the steam outlet pipe 6.

[0039] The guide vanes 42 are evenly distributed along the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41. One end of each guide vane is completely attached to the inner wall of the conical cylinder, while the other end is inclined at 45°-75° toward the central axis of the conical cylinder and does not contact the central axis (preserving the central steam rising channel).

[0040] The length of the guide plate is half the radius of the large end of the conical cylinder, which ensures that the steam forms an effective swirling flow inside the conical cylinder while avoiding blockage of the central flow channel.

[0041] Centrifugal separation principle:

[0042] After being separated by the cyclone, the steam enters the interior of the conical cylinder 41 from the large end. Under the inclination and guidance of the guide plate 42, it generates a higher speed of rotation (the cyclone radius gradually decreases as the conical cylinder contracts, and the centrifugal force is further enhanced).

[0043] The remaining smaller water droplets (5-50μm) are thrown towards the inner wall of the conical cylinder under the action of centrifugal force, and slide down along the conical surface to the water collection tank 5 at the bottom of the cylinder; the separated steam flows upward from the opening area at the small end of the conical cylinder and is finally discharged from the top steam outlet pipe 6.

[0044] The water collection tank 5 is an annular groove located on the inner wall of the bottom of the cylinder 1. It is used to collect water droplets thrown out during cyclone separation and centrifugal separation, and continuously discharge them to the external drainage system through the water outlet pipe 7 to avoid secondary water entrainment.

[0045] The diameter of the steam outlet pipe 6 is smaller than that of the cylinder 1 to ensure a stable steam flow rate. Its central axis coincides with the axis of the cylinder and is located directly above the small end of the conical cylinder 41, forming a straight-through steam outlet channel.

[0046] Workflow:

[0047] Steam-water mixture inlet: Liquid vapor enters cylinder 1 from inlet pipe 2 and impacts the starting end of spiral blade 31;

[0048] Cyclone pre-separation: Steam rises spirally under the guidance of spiral blades 31, and large water droplets are thrown against the cylinder wall, fall into the water collection tank 5, and are discharged through the water outlet pipe 7;

[0049] Centrifugal fine separation: The preliminarily dried steam enters the conical cylinder 41 and rotates at high speed under the action of the guide plate 42. Tiny water droplets are thrown towards the conical wall and flow into the water collection tank 5. The steam enters the steam outlet pipe 6 from the small end opening of the conical cylinder.

[0050] Steam-water separation complete: Low-humidity steam is discharged through steam outlet pipe 6, completing the two-stage composite separation process.

[0051] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the spiral angle of the spiral blade 31 is 30°-60°, the height of the spiral blade 31 is 1 / 3 of the height of the cylinder 1, and the spiral extension direction of the spiral blade 31 is adapted to the flow direction of the steam-water mixture in the inlet pipe 2.

[0052] It is understandable that the liquid vapor flows in tangentially from the inlet pipe 2, and its velocity direction coincides with the tangential direction at the starting end of the spiral blade 31, directly impacting the curved surface of the blade and forcing it to begin spiral upward motion.

[0053] Steam carries water droplets and, guided by the spiral blades 31, moves in a circular motion along the inner wall of the cylinder 1 at a spiral angle of 30°-60°. The denser water droplets (particle size > 50 μm) are thrown towards the cylinder wall under the action of strong centrifugal force, slide down the wall against gravity, fall into the bottom water collection tank 5, and are discharged through the water outlet pipe 7.

[0054] The blade height occupies 1 / 3 of the cylinder, which means that the steam completes about 1.5 rotations in the spiral channel (calculated based on a pitch of 1.5 times the blade height), ensuring that more than 80% of large-diameter water droplets are separated, thus reducing the load on the upper centrifugal separation component.

[0055] The 30°-60° range was verified through fluid simulation to keep the swirl number (a parameter measuring the intensity of rotation) between 0.8 and 1.2. This avoids incomplete separation due to insufficient swirl and prevents excessive pressure drop (measured pressure drop < 5 kPa) caused by excessive swirl.

[0056] The inlet pipe is perfectly matched with the blade helical direction, eliminating the eddies caused by fluid turning, increasing kinetic energy utilization by 20%, and increasing the swirling velocity by 15% at the same flow rate.

[0057] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-4As shown, the angle between the guide plate 42 and the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41 is 45°-75°, the length of the guide plate 42 is 1 / 2 of the radius of the large end of the conical cylinder 41, and there are 8 guide plates 42 distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the conical cylinder 41.

[0058] It can be understood that the angle between the guide vane 42 and the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41 is the acute angle between the plane containing the guide vane and the generatrix of the inner wall of the conical cylinder. This angle determines the direction of steam rotation and the magnitude of centrifugal force within the conical cylinder 41.

[0059] When the angle is small (e.g., 45°), the steam rotation trajectory is relatively gentle, the centrifugal force is relatively small, but the steam rises faster; when the angle is large (e.g., 75°), the steam rotation is more vigorous, the centrifugal force increases, which is beneficial for separating smaller water droplets, but may increase the resistance to steam flow. In practical applications, a suitable angle can be selected according to the specific parameters of the steam-water mixture and the separation requirements, with 60° usually being preferred.

[0060] The length of the guide plate 42 refers to the distance from its connection end with the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41 to the other end, which is 1 / 2 of the radius of the large end of the conical cylinder 41. This length design ensures that the guide plate 42 provides sufficient guidance for the steam to form an effective swirling flow, while not excessively occupying the central space of the conical cylinder 41, ensuring that the steam can flow smoothly upward from the central area.

[0061] There are eight guide vanes 42, which are distributed at equal angles along the circumference of the conical cylinder 41, with an included angle of 45° between adjacent guide vanes 42. This uniform distribution allows the steam to be uniformly guided within the conical cylinder 41, forming a stable and symmetrical rotating flow field and improving separation efficiency.

[0062] Working process of deflector 42:

[0063] The steam, after initial separation by the cyclone separator, enters the interior of the cone 41 through the large end opening. At this point, the steam still carries a certain number of smaller water droplets.

[0064] After entering the conical cylinder 41, the steam encounters the circumferentially distributed guide plates 42. Due to the 45°-75° angle between the guide plates 42 and the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41, the steam begins to rotate under the guidance of the guide plates 42. As the steam flows upward, the inner diameter of the conical cylinder 41 gradually decreases. According to the law of conservation of angular momentum, the rotational speed of the steam gradually increases, and the centrifugal force also increases accordingly.

[0065] During high-speed rotation, denser water droplets in the steam are thrown towards the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41 by centrifugal force. After adhering to the inner wall, the water droplets slide down the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41 under the action of gravity, and finally fall into the water collection tank 5 at the bottom of the cylinder.

[0066] After being separated by the guide plate 42, most of the water droplets are separated out, and the relatively dry steam continues to flow upward from the small end opening of the cone 41, and finally is discharged from the steam outlet pipe 6 at the top of the cylinder 1.

[0067] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the water collection tank 5 is a ring structure and is set on the inner wall of the bottom of the cylinder 1. The bottom of the water collection tank 5 is connected to the drain pipe 8, which passes through the bottom of the cylinder 1 and is connected to the external drainage system.

[0068] It is understood that the water collection tank 5 is designed as a ring structure, which fits tightly against the inner wall of the bottom of the cylinder 1. It can collect water droplets that slide down from the inner wall of the cylinder 1 and the inner wall of the conical cylinder 41 from all directions, ensuring that no matter which direction the water droplets fall from, they can be effectively captured by the water collection tank 5, preventing water droplets from accumulating randomly at the bottom of the cylinder 1, and thus preventing secondary entrainment.

[0069] The bottom of the water collection tank 5 is connected to the drain pipe 8, which passes vertically downwards through the bottom of the cylinder 1. To ensure good sealing, the connection between the drain pipe 8 and the bottom of the cylinder 1 is sealed with sealing material to prevent leakage of the steam-water mixture. After passing through the bottom of the cylinder 1, the drain pipe 8 is connected to an external drainage system to ensure that the collected water is discharged from the device in a timely manner.

[0070] Workflow:

[0071] During the steam-water separation process, water droplets are thrown against the inner walls of the cylinder 1 and the conical cylinder 41 by the cyclone separator 3 and the centrifugal separator 4. Under the action of gravity, these water droplets slide down the inner wall and eventually fall into the annular water collection tank 5.

[0072] Once a certain amount of water has accumulated in the water collection tank 5, the water naturally flows into the drain pipe 8 under the influence of gravity, as the bottom of the water collection tank 5 is connected to the drain pipe 8. The drain pipe 8 guides the water flow, transporting the water from the water collection tank 5 to an external drainage system. The external drainage system will further treat the discharged water, such as recycling or discharging it to a designated location.

[0073] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the diameter of the steam outlet pipe 6 is smaller than the diameter of the cylinder 1. A wire mesh demister 9 is installed inside the steam outlet pipe 6, and the wire mesh demister 9 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steam outlet pipe 6.

[0074] It is understood that the steam outlet pipe 6 is located at the top center of the cylinder 1, and its diameter is smaller than that of the cylinder 1. This design allows for a slight increase in the flow velocity of the steam after steam-water separation when it enters the steam outlet pipe 6, which helps the steam to exit the device more smoothly. At the same time, the smaller diameter steam outlet pipe 6 also facilitates the installation and fixation of the wire mesh demister 9.

[0075] The wire mesh demister 9 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steam outlet pipe 6, and its stability can be ensured by welding, bolting, or other methods. The wire mesh demister 9 is usually composed of multiple layers of metal wire mesh, which has a fine mesh structure that can effectively capture tiny droplets carried in the steam.

[0076] Workflow:

[0077] After two stages of separation by the cyclone separator 3 and the centrifugal separator 4, most of the water droplets have been separated, but a small number of tiny droplets still rise with the steam to the top of the cylinder 1. Since the diameter of the steam outlet pipe 6 is smaller than that of the cylinder 1, the steam flows from the top of the cylinder 1 into the steam outlet pipe 6 under the action of the pressure difference, at which point the steam velocity increases.

[0078] When steam flows through the wire mesh demister 9, tiny droplets collide with the wire mesh. Due to the surface tension of the droplets and the adsorption effect of the wire mesh, the droplets adhere to the wire mesh. As more droplets adhere, they gradually gather and grow larger, eventually sliding down the wire mesh under the action of gravity into the water collection tank 5 at the bottom of the cylinder 1.

[0079] After further separation by the wire mesh demister 9, the tiny liquid droplets in the steam are effectively removed, resulting in dry steam. The dry steam continues to flow upward through the steam outlet pipe 6, eventually exiting the steam-water separation unit and entering the subsequent process flow.

[0080] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the spiral blade 31 is fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder 1 by welding or bolting, and the large end of the conical cylinder 41 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder 1 by welding or bolting.

[0081] In one embodiment of this utility model, such as Figures 1-4 As shown, the inlet pipe 2 is connected along the tangential direction of the cylinder 1, and its connection position corresponds to the starting position of the spiral blade 31, so as to guide the steam-water mixture to flow along the spiral direction of the spiral blade 31.

[0082] It is understood that the axis of the inlet pipe 2 coincides with the tangent of the outer circumference of the cylinder 1, and the center of the pipe opening is located on the tangent of the cross-section of the cylinder, rather than radially or axially.

[0083] This design ensures that when the soda-water mixture flows out of the inlet pipe, the velocity direction is consistent with the tangent of the cylinder circumference, allowing it to flow directly against the inner wall of the cylinder without needing to turn, thus maximizing the retention of fluid kinetic energy.

[0084] The outlet end of the inlet pipe 2 is perfectly aligned with the starting end of the spiral blade 31 in the circumferential direction of the cylinder.

[0085] For example: if the spiral blades start to spiral upwards counterclockwise from the bottom of the inner wall on the right side of the cylinder, then the inlet pipe is horizontally connected from the right side of the cylinder in a tangential direction, and the outlet is directly opposite the first pitch position of the blade's starting end.

[0086] Workflow:

[0087] Liquid vapor flows in tangentially from inlet pipe 2 at a velocity v. Since the velocity direction is consistent with the tangent of the cylinder, the fluid immediately moves in a circular motion along the inner wall of the cylinder. At the same time, guided by the curved surface of the spiral blade 31, it begins to spiral upward.

[0088] Without additional power, relying solely on the fluid's own kinetic energy, a stable spiral flow can be formed under the action of the blades, avoiding eddies or energy loss caused by the inlet direction not being consistent with the blade's spiral direction.

[0089] Tangential entry increases the initial rotational velocity of the fluid by more than 30% compared to radial entry (which requires turning to create swirling flow, where vθ < v) by vθ = v (circumferential tangential velocity equals inlet velocity).

[0090] The starting end of the spiral blade 31 is perfectly aligned with the outlet of the inlet pipe, ensuring that the fluid enters the spiral channel 32 without impact and continues to accelerate along the curved surface of the blade. Large-diameter water droplets are subjected to centrifugal force. Under the influence of the action, it is quickly thrown towards the cylinder wall and falls into the water collection tank 5.

[0091] Specifically, in actual implementation, the specific usage process is as follows:

[0092] 1. Inlet of the steam-water mixture and pre-separation by the cyclone:

[0093] Liquid vapor flows in from inlet pipe 2 along the tangential direction of cylinder 1. Since the axis of the inlet pipe coincides with the tangential line of the cylinder circumference, the vapor can directly adhere to the inner wall of the cylinder without turning, impacting the starting end of the spiral blade 31 at a tangential velocity. Guided by the spiral blade 31 (spiral angle 30°-60°, height accounting for 1 / 3 of the cylinder), the vapor carrying water droplets is forced to spiral upward, forming a high-speed rotating gas-liquid two-phase flow.

[0094] High-density water droplets (particle size > 50 μm) are thrown towards the inner wall of cylinder 1 under centrifugal force, slide down the wall to the bottom water collection tank 5, and are discharged to the external drainage system through the drain pipe 8;

[0095] After initial separation, the low-humidity vapor forms a gas column in the central area of ​​the cylinder and continues to flow upward into the centrifugal separation component 4.

[0096] 2. Centrifugal separation and removal of micro-droplets:

[0097] Steam enters the conical tube 41 from its large end (the large end of the conical tube is fixedly connected to the tube body, and the small end opens upwards). It is guided by eight circumferentially evenly distributed guide plates 42 (angle 45°-75°, length 1 / 2 of the large end radius), forming a faster rotating flow. As the inner diameter of the conical tube gradually decreases (the small end diameter is smaller than the large end diameter), the steam rotation speed increases, the centrifugal force increases, and the remaining smaller water droplets (5-50μm) are thrown against the inner wall of the conical tube and slide down the conical surface to the water collection tank 5.

[0098] The separated steam flows upward from the small end opening area of ​​the cone 41 and enters the top steam outlet pipe 6.

[0099] 3. Fine defoaming and drying steam discharge:

[0100] Because the diameter of the steam outlet pipe 6 is smaller than that of the cylinder 1, the steam velocity steadily increases. When the steam flows through the internal wire mesh demister 9, submicron-sized droplets are captured by the wire mesh due to inertial collision and surface tension adsorption. After accumulating, the droplets slide down the wire mesh into the water collection tank 5. Finally, the dried steam is discharged from the steam-water separation device through the steam outlet pipe 6 and enters the subsequent process system.

[0101] 4. Condensate collection and discharge:

[0102] Whether it's the large water droplets thrown against the cylinder wall during the cyclone separation stage or the small water droplets thrown against the conical cylinder wall during the centrifugal separation stage, they all flow along the wall surface into the bottom annular water collection tank 5 and are continuously discharged through the drain pipe 8, avoiding secondary entrainment of water and affecting the separation effect.

[0103] Throughout the entire process, the spiral blade 31 and the guide plate 42 are fixedly connected to ensure structural stability. The inlet pipe 2 is tangentially connected to the starting end of the blade, maximizing the use of fluid kinetic energy to form a high-efficiency vortex. The three-stage separation (cyclone pre-separation → centrifugal fine separation → wire mesh demister) works together to achieve a high-purity separation effect with steam humidity <0.1%, meeting the demand of waste heat boilers for high-quality steam.

[0104] In summary, the waste heat boiler of this utility model has a built-in cyclone-centrifugal composite steam-water separation structure. The cyclone separation component first achieves efficient separation of large-diameter water droplets (>50μm) through spiral blades, and the centrifugal separation component further separates tiny droplets (5-50μm) using a conical cylinder and guide plate. Combined with the top wire mesh demister, a three-stage separation system is formed, and the steam humidity can be reduced to below 0.1%. All components are built into the cylinder and arranged in axial layers. The height of the spiral blades occupies 1 / 3 of the cylinder, and the height of the conical cylinder occupies 1 / 4. The overall radial dimension is consistent with the cylinder, requiring no additional space.

[0105] In the description of this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0106] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0107] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined steam-water separation structure of a waste heat boiler, comprising a steam-water separation device, characterized in that: The steam-water separation device comprises a cylinder (1), an inlet pipe (2) is arranged on the side wall of the cylinder (1), a cyclone separation assembly (3) and a centrifugal separation assembly (4) are sequentially arranged in the cylinder (1) from bottom to top, a water collecting tank (5) is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder (1), and a water outlet pipe (7) is connected to the water collecting tank (5); a steam outlet pipe (6) is arranged at the top of the cylinder (1); The cyclone separation assembly (3) comprises a plurality of spiral blades (31) which are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the cylinder (1) and spirally extend upwards from the access position of the inlet pipe (2); the spiral blades (31) and the inner wall of the cylinder (1) form a cyclone separation channel (32); The centrifugal separation assembly (4) comprises a conical cylinder (41) which is a hollow conical frustum structure, the outer diameter of the large end of the conical cylinder (41) is consistent with the inner diameter of the cylinder (1) and is fixedly connected, the small end is upwardly open and has a diameter smaller than that of the large end; A plurality of guide plates (42) are arranged on the inner wall of the conical cylinder (41), the guide plates (42) are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the conical cylinder (41), one end of each guide plate (42) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical cylinder (41), and the other end of each guide plate (42) is inclined to the central axis of the conical cylinder (41) and does not contact the central axis.

2. The waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral angle of the spiral blade (31) is 30°-60°, the height of the spiral blade (31) is 1 / 3 of the height of the cylinder (1), and the spiral extension direction of the spiral blade (31) is adapted to the steam-water mixture inflow direction of the inlet pipe (2).

3. The waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The included angle between the guide plate (42) and the inner wall of the conical cylinder (41) is 45°-75°, the length of the guide plate (42) is 1 / 2 of the radius of the large end of the conical cylinder (41), the number of the guide plates (42) is 8, and the guide plates (42) are equally angularly distributed along the circumference of the conical cylinder (41).

4. The waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water collecting tank (5) is an annular structure arranged on the inner wall of the bottom of the cylinder (1), a drain pipe (8) is connected to the bottom of the water collecting tank (5), and the drain pipe (8) penetrates through the bottom of the cylinder (1) and is connected to an external drainage system.

5. The waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the steam outlet pipe (6) is smaller than that of the cylinder (1), and a wire mesh demister (9) is arranged in the steam outlet pipe (6) and fixedly installed on the inner wall of the steam outlet pipe (6).

6. The waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spiral blade (31) is fixed to the inner wall of the cylinder (1) by welding or bolt connection, and the large end of the conical cylinder (41) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylinder (1) by welding or bolt connection.

7. The waste heat boiler built-in cyclone-centrifugal combined type steam-water separating structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet pipe (2) is accessed in the tangential direction of the cylinder (1), and the access position corresponds to the starting position of the spiral blade (31) to guide the steam-water mixture to flow in the spiral direction of the spiral blade (31).

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