Biomass gasification hydrogen production and carbon capture coupling equipment
By using a biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture equipment, and utilizing units such as drum drying, shear crushing, pyrolysis, and gasification, as well as calcium-based materials to adsorb CO2, the shortcomings of hydrogen production from fossil fuels and water electrolysis have been solved, achieving efficient and low-cost hydrogen production and resource utilization.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- EAST CHINA UNIV OF SCI & TECH
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
Traditional fossil fuel hydrogen production suffers from problems such as non-renewability, high carbon emissions, high cost, and low efficiency. Water electrolysis hydrogen production is costly, inefficient, and resource-limited. The scattered distribution of biomass resources leads to low transportation and storage efficiency.
The system employs a biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture equipment, which includes units such as drum drying, shear crushing, pyrolysis, gasification, conversion, and CO2 adsorption. It utilizes calcium-based materials to adsorb CO2, combined with solar power generation and heat exchangers, to achieve efficient utilization of biomass resources and energy recovery.
It has achieved efficient and flexible utilization of biomass resources, high conversion efficiency and low pollution hydrogen production, reduced energy consumption and production costs, and solved the problem of uneven resource distribution.
Smart Images
Figure CN224118959U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of gasification hydrogen production technology, specifically to a biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled carbon capture device. Background Technology
[0002] Biomass is the world's fourth largest energy source, with abundant reserves in China. As the only carbon-containing renewable energy source, it has enormous development potential. In recent years, the continuous consumption and over-exploitation of fossil fuels such as coal and oil have led to resource depletion, a problem that has garnered significant attention. Hydrogen, as a high-calorific-value and renewable clean energy source, is an important choice for the future energy sector. As a highly efficient and low-carbon energy carrier, hydrogen has numerous application scenarios across various fields and is widely used in industrial production.
[0003] The disadvantages of traditional fossil fuel-based hydrogen production are: non-renewable: fossil fuels are finite resources, and reserves will gradually decrease as extraction continues; high carbon emissions: the hydrogen production process generates large amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions; and the need for purification: hydrogen produced from fossil fuels usually needs to be purified and impurities removed, increasing production costs and complexity.
[0004] The disadvantages of water electrolysis for hydrogen production are: high cost (currently, water electrolysis for hydrogen production is expensive, especially due to the need for high-purity electricity and catalysts); low efficiency (the energy conversion efficiency of water electrolysis for hydrogen production is relatively low, mainly limited by the electro / photoelectric catalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER); and resource constraints (water electrolysis for hydrogen production relies on freshwater resources, while direct seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production is still under development and has not yet been widely applied). Therefore, we propose a biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture equipment. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture device in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model specifically adopts the following technical solution:
[0007] A biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture device, the device comprising:
[0008] A biomass feed inlet is provided, below which is a drum drying unit. A shearing crushing unit is provided in front of the drum drying unit. A pyrolysis unit is connected to the right side of the shearing crushing unit. A gasification unit is provided above the pyrolysis unit. A conversion unit is connected to the rear of the gasification unit via an H2O generator. A CO2 adsorption unit is connected to the right side of the conversion unit. The CO2 adsorption unit is connected to a hydrogen storage unit and a desorption unit via a conveying pipe. The desorption unit is connected to the gasification unit.
[0009] Furthermore, the shear crushing unit and the pyrolysis unit are connected by a connecting pipe.
[0010] Furthermore, the gasification unit and the pyrolysis unit are connected by a connecting pipe.
[0011] Furthermore, the temperature of both the gasification unit and the pyrolysis unit is 1100°C.
[0012] Furthermore, a pressure detection unit is provided above both the gasification unit and the conversion unit.
[0013] Furthermore, the temperature of the conversion unit is 450°C.
[0014] Furthermore, the CO2 adsorption unit uses calcium-based materials, specifically CaO and CaCO3.
[0015] Furthermore, the equipment uses a truck as a carrier, and solar panels and heat exchangers are installed on the carrier.
[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:
[0017] 1. This utility model is highly flexible, has high conversion efficiency, high energy utilization rate, high hydrogen production rate, and is pollution-free. Each module unit can be placed on a carrier such as a truck and transported to biomass-rich areas, effectively addressing the current situation of scattered distribution of biomass resources. It solves the efficiency and cost problems in the process of biomass transportation and storage. Solar power panels are installed on the carrier to provide green electricity, forming a green production and operation system.
[0018] 2. This utility model decouples biomass processing to form pyrolysis and gasification units. The pre-treated biomass is pyrolyzed to produce biochar, balancing the carbon-hydrogen ratio, and then gasified to produce hydrogen, thereby improving the overall utilization efficiency of biomass and achieving high-value utilization of different qualities.
[0019] 3. This utility model system uses calcium-based materials (CaO and CaCO3) to achieve CO2 adsorption and desorption. The desorbed CO2 is used to adjust the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the gasifying agent in the gasifier to achieve element balance and efficient conversion.
[0020] 4. This utility model combines green electricity with a heat exchanger to recover the heat of high-temperature syngas and supply it to drying, steam, and CO2 adsorption units, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system, reducing energy consumption and electricity costs, and improving economic benefits. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working process of this utility model.
[0023] Attached reference numerals: 1. Biomass feed inlet; 2. Drum drying unit; 3. Shear crushing unit; 4. Pyrolysis unit; 5. Gasification unit; 6. Shift conversion unit; 7. Pressure detection unit; 8. CO2 adsorption unit; 9. Desorption unit; 10. Hydrogen storage unit; 11. Conveying pipeline. Detailed Implementation
[0024] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0025] Please see Figure 1 - Figure 2 This utility model provides a biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture equipment, the equipment comprising:
[0026] A biomass feed inlet 1 is provided. Below the biomass feed inlet 1, a drum drying unit 2 is provided. A shearing crushing unit 3 is provided in front of the drum drying unit 2. A pyrolysis unit 4 is connected to the right side of the shearing crushing unit 3. A gasification unit 5 is provided above the pyrolysis unit 4. A conversion unit 6 is connected to the rear side of the gasification unit 5 through an H2O generator. A CO2 adsorption unit 8 is connected to the right side of the conversion unit 6. The CO2 adsorption unit 8 is connected to a hydrogen storage unit 10 and a desorption unit 9 through a conveying pipe 11. The desorption unit 9 is connected to the gasification unit 5.
[0027] The biomass injected into the biomass feed inlet 1 includes agricultural and forestry waste, branches, bark, and herbaceous plants. While making full use of local biomass resources, it also helps to reduce the additional costs and environmental burden caused by biomass transportation, promotes the resource-based, harmless, and reduced treatment and utilization of biomass, and is of great significance to promoting the circular economy of agriculture and forestry.
[0028] The temperature of the drum drying unit 2 is below 150℃, which is mainly due to the volatilization of surface moisture and light components of biomass. The moisture content is less than 1%, and there are no significant changes in the organic components and chemical structure inside the biomass. The low moisture content is conducive to improving the overall rate, improving the quality of pyrolysis gasification products, and increasing the volatile matter yield.
[0029] The temperature of pyrolysis unit 4 is 1100℃. Biomass hemicellulose and cellulose are decomposed into smaller molecule fuel substances, including solid char and pyrolysis gas, under high temperature heating in the absence or low oxygen conditions.
[0030] The temperature of gasification unit 5 is 1100℃. The coke and pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis undergo extreme oxidation reactions, releasing a large amount of heat to supply the heat required for other reactions. The charcoal in the reduction layer undergoes a series of chemical reactions with combustion products and water vapor to generate combustible gases such as H2 and CO that can be formed with volatile components.
[0031] The temperature of exchange unit 6 is 450℃. The CO in the synthesis gas reacts with water vapor to produce CO2 and hydrogen in a moderately exothermic reaction. Through this process, all the CO in the synthesis gas is converted into CO2.
[0032] The temperature of CO2 adsorption unit 8 is 900℃. It uses CaO, the calcination product of calcium-based materials such as limestone and dolomite, as an absorbent to capture CO2 in the syngas after gasification in situ and obtain pure H2.
[0033] Biomass is collected and stored through the biomass feed inlet 1, then dried in the drum drying unit 2 to obtain dried biomass. It then enters the shear crushing unit 3 to produce biomass powder, which enters the pyrolysis unit 4 to generate pyrolysis gas, coke, and biochar. The pyrolysis gas and coke enter the gasification unit 5 to generate high-temperature syngas and ash. The ash can be returned to the field for reuse. The ash then enters the exchange unit 6 via an H2O generator. In this process, CO in the syngas reacts with water vapor to generate CO2 and hydrogen in a moderately exothermic reaction. All CO in the syngas is converted to CO2. The generated CO2 is adsorbed by the CO2 adsorption unit 8, which uses CaO (calcined product of calcium-based materials such as limestone and dolomite) as an absorbent to capture CO2 in situ from the gasified syngas, obtaining pure H2. The pure H2 is then transported to the hydrogen storage unit 10 via the conveying pipe 11. The desorption unit 9 is used to adjust the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the gasifying agent in the gasifier, achieving elemental balance and efficient conversion.
[0034] In this embodiment, preferably, the shear crushing unit 3 and the pyrolysis unit 4 are connected by a connecting pipe; the connecting pipe allows the biomass powder inside the shear crushing unit 3 to enter the pyrolysis unit 4.
[0035] In this embodiment, preferably, the gasification unit 5 and the pyrolysis unit 4 are connected by a connecting pipe; the pyrolysis gas and coke that have completed pyrolysis inside the pyrolysis unit 4 can be introduced into the gasification unit 5 through the connecting pipe.
[0036] In this embodiment, preferably, the temperature of both the gasification unit 5 and the pyrolysis unit 4 is 1100°C; this setting can achieve the purpose of high-temperature gasification and high-temperature pyrolysis.
[0037] In this embodiment, preferably, a pressure detection unit 7 is provided above both the vaporization unit 5 and the conversion unit 6; by providing the pressure detection unit 7, the pressure inside the vaporization unit 5 and the conversion unit 6 can be monitored in real time to avoid excessive pressure and effectively improve safety.
[0038] In this embodiment, preferably, the temperature of the conversion unit 6 is 450°C; it can convert the high-temperature syngas generated by the gasification unit 5 into low-temperature syngas.
[0039] In this embodiment, preferably, the CO2 adsorption unit 8 uses calcium-based materials, specifically CaO and CaCO3; the adsorption and desorption of CO2 are achieved by using calcium-based materials.
[0040] In this embodiment, preferably, a truck is used as the carrier for the equipment, and solar panels and heat exchangers are installed on the carrier. By combining green electricity with the heat exchanger, the heat of the high-temperature syngas is recovered and supplied to the drum drying unit 2, the gasification unit 5, and the CO2 adsorption unit 8, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate of the system, reducing energy consumption and electricity costs, and improving economic benefits. That is, under the power supply of green electricity, a complete process production route is established, in which pure hydrogen is obtained from biomass raw materials through seven units: drying, crushing, pyrolysis, gasification, heat exchange, conversion, and adsorption. At the same time, biochar, fertilizer for returning to the field, heat recovery and utilization, and CO2 capture are also prepared.
[0041] The working principle and usage process of this utility model are as follows: When in use, the biomass is collected and stored through the biomass feed inlet 1, then dried in the drum drying unit 2 to obtain dried biomass. The dried biomass then enters the shear crushing unit 3, where it is processed into biomass powder. The biomass powder enters the pyrolysis unit 4, where it generates pyrolysis gas, coke, and biochar. The pyrolysis gas and coke then enter the gasification unit 5, where they generate high-temperature syngas and ash. The ash can be returned to the field for reuse. The syngas then enters the exchange unit 6 via an H2O generator. In this process, CO in the syngas reacts with water vapor to generate CO2 and hydrogen in a moderately exothermic reaction. All CO in the syngas is converted to CO2. The generated CO2 is then adsorbed by the CO2 adsorption unit 8, which uses CaO (calcined product of calcium-based materials such as limestone and dolomite) as an absorbent to capture CO2 in situ from the gasified syngas, obtaining pure H2. The obtained pure H2 is then transported through a pipeline. 11 is fed into the hydrogen storage unit 10. The desorption unit 9 is used to adjust the carbon-hydrogen ratio of the gasifying agent in the gasifier to achieve element balance and efficient conversion. A truck is used as the carrier, and solar power panels and heat exchangers are installed on the carrier. Combining green electricity and heat exchangers, the heat of high-temperature syngas is recovered and supplied to the drum drying unit 2, gasification unit 5, and CO2 adsorption unit 8, which improves the overall energy utilization rate of the system, reduces energy consumption and electricity costs, and improves economic benefits. That is, under the power of green electricity, a complete process production route is established to obtain pure hydrogen from biomass raw materials through seven units: drying, crushing, pyrolysis, gasification, heat exchange, conversion, and adsorption. At the same time, biochar, fertilizer, etc. are also prepared, heat recovery and utilization are achieved, and CO2 is captured. Pressure detection units 7 are set above the gasification unit 5 and the conversion unit 6. By setting pressure detection units 7, the internal pressure of the gasification unit 5 and the conversion unit 6 can be monitored in real time to avoid excessive pressure and effectively improve safety.
[0042] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture device, characterized in that, The device includes: A biomass feed inlet (1) is provided below the biomass feed inlet (1). A drum drying unit (2) is provided in front of the drum drying unit (2). A shear crushing unit (3) is provided on the right side of the shear crushing unit (3). A pyrolysis unit (4) is connected to the right side of the shear crushing unit (3). A gasification unit (5) is provided above the pyrolysis unit (4). A conversion unit (6) is connected to the rear side of the gasification unit (5) through an H2O generator. A CO2 adsorption unit (8) is connected to the right side of the conversion unit (6). A hydrogen storage unit (10) and a desorption unit (9) are connected to the CO2 adsorption unit (8) through a conveying pipe (11). The desorption unit (9) is connected to the gasification unit (5).
2. The biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shear crushing unit (3) and the pyrolysis unit (4) are connected by a connecting pipe.
3. The biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled with carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gasification unit (5) and the pyrolysis unit (4) are connected by a connecting pipe.
4. The biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of both the gasification unit (5) and the pyrolysis unit (4) is 1100℃.
5. The biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Pressure detection units (7) are provided above both the gasification unit (5) and the conversion unit (6).
6. The biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the transformation unit (6) is 450°C.
7. The biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CO2 adsorption unit (8) uses calcium-based materials, specifically CaO and CaCO3.
8. The biomass gasification hydrogen production coupled carbon capture device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment uses a truck as a carrier, and solar panels and heat exchangers are installed on the carrier.