Steel wire processing strength detection device convenient to fix
By using an automated pulley conveying and pneumatic clamping system, the problems of low efficiency in manual feeding and fixing in existing steel wire inspection devices have been solved, realizing automated inspection of the steel wire body and improving production efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JIANGYIN JUNYI SPECIAL STEEL WIRE TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-01-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing steel wire body inspection devices require manual feeding and fixing, resulting in low inspection efficiency, wasted time, and reduced production capacity.
An automated pulley conveying system and pneumatic clamping device are used to realize the automatic loading, unloading and clamping of the steel wire body. Combined with hydraulic detection components, a fully automated detection process is achieved.
It improves the efficiency of loading and unloading steel wire and the efficiency of inspection, reduces manual operation time, and increases production capacity.
Smart Images

Figure CN224137063U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of steel wire body strength testing devices, and in particular to a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix. Background Technology
[0002] Steel wire body is one of the four major categories of steel products: plates, tubes, profiles, and wires. It is a reprocessed product made from hot-rolled wire rods through cold drawing. Steel wire bodies are classified according to their uses: ordinary quality steel wire bodies include those used in welding rods, nail making, mesh making, packaging, and printing industries; cold-forging steel wire bodies are used for cold-heading rivets, screws, etc.; electrical steel includes special steel wire bodies used in the production of overhead communication lines, steel-cored aluminum stranded wire, etc.; textile industry steel wire bodies include those used for coarse combs, heddles 013, needle cloth, and needles; rope steel wire bodies are specifically used for the production of steel wire ropes and spokes; spring steel wire bodies include those used for springs and spring washers, pianos, tires, tire cords, and transport belts; structural steel wire bodies refer to those used in the watchmaking industry, ball bearings, and free-cutting machines; stainless steel wire bodies include stainless steel wire bodies for the above-mentioned uses and those for housing implants; resistance alloy wire is used for heater elements and resistance elements; and tool steel wire bodies include reinforcing steel wire bodies and shoemaking steel wire bodies. To ensure the quality of the steel wire body, a steel wire body strength testing device is needed to improve the yield rate.
[0003] Current steel wire body inspection devices require manual placement of the steel wire body onto the inspection table. This loading method is inconvenient and time-consuming. Furthermore, the current method of fixing the steel wire body involves manually tightening bolts, which wastes a significant amount of time, greatly reducing inspection efficiency and consequently lowering production capacity. Utility Model Content
[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix, and to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0006] A strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix includes a testing box, an observation window, a left limiting tube, and a right limiting tube, and further includes:
[0007] A support component is mounted on the detection box;
[0008] A support frame is disposed on the detection box, and the support frame is fixedly connected to the detection box;
[0009] A spring is disposed on the support frame, and the spring is fixedly connected to the support frame;
[0010] A support column is disposed on the support frame, the support column is slidably connected to the support frame, and the support column is fixedly connected to the spring;
[0011] A testing platform is mounted on the support column, and the testing platform is fixedly connected to the support column;
[0012] A transport component is disposed on the support component;
[0013] A drive motor is mounted on the testing platform and is fixedly connected to the testing platform;
[0014] A first conveyor belt is disposed on the output shaft of the drive motor, and the first conveyor belt is tactilely connected to the output shaft of the drive motor;
[0015] A bracket is set on the testing platform, and the drive motor is fixedly connected to the testing platform (8);
[0016] A first rotating shaft is disposed on the bracket, and the first rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the bracket and rotatably connected to the first conveyor belt;
[0017] A lower pulley is disposed on the first rotating shaft, and the lower pulley is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft;
[0018] A servo motor is mounted on the testing platform and is fixedly connected to the testing platform.
[0019] A second conveyor belt is disposed on the output shaft of the servo motor, and the second conveyor belt is tactilely connected to the output shaft of the servo motor;
[0020] The second rotating shaft is mounted on the bracket and is rotatably connected to the bracket and the second conveyor belt.
[0021] An upper pulley is mounted on the second rotating shaft, and the lower pulley is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft;
[0022] A clamping component is disposed on the support component;
[0023] The detection component is mounted on the detection box;
[0024] A hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the testing box and is fixedly connected to the testing box;
[0025] A hydraulic rod is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder, and the hydraulic rod is slidably connected to the hydraulic cylinder;
[0026] A sensor is mounted on the hydraulic rod and is fixedly connected to the hydraulic rod.
[0027] Preferably, the clamping assembly includes:
[0028] A limiting shell is disposed on the detection platform, and the limiting shell is fixedly connected to the detection platform;
[0029] A pneumatic cylinder is mounted on the testing platform and is fixedly connected to the testing platform.
[0030] A pneumatic rod is mounted on the pneumatic cylinder, the pneumatic rod is slidably connected to the pneumatic cylinder, and the pneumatic rod is slidably connected to the limiting housing;
[0031] A first guide post is disposed on the pneumatic rod, and the first guide post is fixedly connected to the pneumatic rod;
[0032] A second guide post is disposed on the pneumatic rod, and the second guide post is fixedly connected to the pneumatic rod.
[0033] A first gripper is disposed on the limiting shell, and the first gripper is slidably connected to the limiting shell;
[0034] The second gripper is disposed on the limiting shell and is slidably connected to the limiting shell;
[0035] A first guide rail is disposed on the first gripper, the first guide rail is fixedly connected to the first gripper, and the first guide rail is slidably connected to the first guide post;
[0036] The second guide rail is disposed on the second gripper, the second guide rail is fixedly connected to the second gripper, and the second guide rail is slidably connected to the second guide post.
[0037] Preferably, there are four sets of support components, which are evenly distributed on the detection box.
[0038] Preferably, there are two sets of clamping components, which are symmetrically distributed on the detection table.
[0039] Preferably, there are two lower pulleys and two upper pulleys, which are symmetrically distributed on the testing platform.
[0040] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0041] 1. By cooperating with the lower pulley and the upper pulley to rotate in opposite directions, the steel wire body to be tested moves under the friction force of the lower pulley and the upper pulley, thereby making the loading and unloading of the steel wire body more convenient and faster.
[0042] 2. Under the action of the pneumatic rod, the limiting shell, the first guide post, the second guide post, the first gripper, the second gripper, the first guide rail, and the second guide rail enable the first gripper and the second gripper to automatically clamp the steel wire body, thereby improving work efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0043] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0044] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix is shown.
[0045] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the first partial structure of a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix is shown.
[0046] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a second part of the structure of a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix is shown.
[0047] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the third part of a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix is shown.
[0048] Figure 5 It shows Figure 4 A magnified view of part A in the diagram.
[0049] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the fourth part of a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix is shown.
[0050] Figure 7 It shows Figure 6 A magnified view of part B in the diagram.
[0051] Legend:
[0052] 1. Detection box; 2. Left limit tube; 3. Right limit tube; 4. Support frame; 5. Spring; 6. Support column; 7. Detection table; 8. Drive motor; 9. First conveyor belt; 10. Bracket; 11. First rotating shaft; 12. Lower pulley; 13. Servo motor; 14. Second conveyor belt; 15. Second rotating shaft; 16. Upper pulley; 17. Limiting shell; 18. Pneumatic cylinder; 19. Pneumatic rod; 20. First guide post; 21. Second guide post; 22. First gripper; 23. Second gripper; 24. First guide rail; 25. Second guide rail; 26. Hydraulic cylinder; 27. Hydraulic rod; 28. Sensor; 29. Observation window. Detailed Implementation
[0053] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0054] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0055] It should be noted that when a component is described as "fixed to" another component, it can be directly on the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or may have a component in between. When a component is considered "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or may have a component in between. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this document are for illustrative purposes only.
[0056] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0057] Reference Figures 1 to 7 The present invention provides a further description of an embodiment of a strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix.
[0058] A strength testing device for steel wire processing that is easy to fix includes a testing box 1, an observation window 29, a left limiting tube 2 and a right limiting tube 3, and further includes:
[0059] Support components are disposed on the detection box 1. There are four sets of support components, which are evenly distributed on the detection box 1. Each support component includes:
[0060] A support frame 4 is disposed on the detection box 1, and the support frame 4 is fixedly connected to the detection box 1;
[0061] Spring 5 is disposed on the support frame 4, and spring 5 is fixedly connected to the support frame 4;
[0062] A support column 6 is disposed on the support frame 4, the support column 6 is slidably connected to the support frame 4, and the support column 6 is fixedly connected to the spring 5;
[0063] The testing platform 7 is mounted on the support column 6 and is fixedly connected to the support column 6.
[0064] A transport component, disposed on the support component, the transport component comprising:
[0065] A drive motor 8 is mounted on the testing platform 7 and is fixedly connected to the testing platform 7.
[0066] A first conveyor belt 9 is disposed on the output shaft of the drive motor 8, and the first conveyor belt 9 is tumbledly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 8;
[0067] A bracket 10 is mounted on the testing table 7, and the drive motor 8 is fixedly connected to the testing table 7.
[0068] A first rotating shaft 11 is disposed on the support 10, and the first rotating shaft 11 is rotatably connected to the support 10 and rotatably connected to the first conveyor belt 9;
[0069] A sliding roller 12 is disposed on the first rotating shaft 11. The sliding roller 12 is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 11. There are two sliding rollers 12, which are symmetrically distributed on the detection table 7.
[0070] A servo motor 13 is mounted on the testing table 7 and is fixedly connected to the testing table 7.
[0071] The second conveyor belt 14 is disposed on the output shaft of the servo motor 13, and the second conveyor belt 14 is tumbledly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 13;
[0072] The second rotating shaft 15 is disposed on the bracket 10, and the second rotating shaft 15 is rotatably connected to the bracket 10 and rotatably connected to the second conveyor belt 14;
[0073] The upper pulley 16 is disposed on the second rotating shaft 15, and the lower pulley 12 is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 15. There are two upper pulleys 16, which are symmetrically distributed on the detection table 7.
[0074] Insert the steel wire body into the left limiting tube 2 until it reaches the lower pulley 12 on the left. Start the drive motor 8. The output shaft of the drive motor 8 rotates, thereby driving the first conveyor belt 9, which is rolled and connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 8, to rotate. The rotation of the first conveyor belt 9 drives the first rotating shaft 11, which is rolled and connected to the first rotating shaft 9, to rotate, thereby driving the lower pulley 12, which is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 11, to rotate. Start the servo motor 13. The output shaft of the servo motor 13 rotates, thereby driving the second conveyor belt 14, which is rolled and connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 13, to rotate. The rotation of the second conveyor belt 14 drives the second rotating shaft 15, which is rolled and connected to the second conveyor belt 14, to rotate, thereby driving the upper pulley 16, which is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 15, to rotate. Since the upper pulley 16 and the lower pulley 12 rotate in opposite directions, the steel wire body moves towards the right limiting tube 3 due to the friction between the upper pulley 16 and the lower pulley 12, until it reaches the right limiting tube 3. Then, turn off the drive motor 8 and the servo motor 13 to facilitate subsequent work.
[0075] By cooperating with the lower pulley 12 and the upper pulley 16 rotating in opposite directions, the steel wire body to be tested moves under the frictional force of the lower pulley 12 and the upper pulley 16, thereby making the loading and unloading of the steel wire body more convenient and faster.
[0076] Reference Figures 1 to 7 A clamping assembly is disposed on the support assembly. Two sets of clamping assemblies are symmetrically distributed on the detection stage 7. Each clamping assembly includes:
[0077] A limiting housing 17 is disposed on the detection table 7, and the limiting housing 17 is fixedly connected to the detection table 7;
[0078] A pneumatic cylinder 18 is mounted on the testing platform 7 and is fixedly connected to the testing platform 7.
[0079] A pneumatic rod 19 is mounted on the pneumatic cylinder 18, and the pneumatic rod 19 is slidably connected to the pneumatic cylinder 18 and slidably connected to the limiting housing 17.
[0080] A first guide post 20 is disposed on the pneumatic rod 19, and the first guide post 20 is fixedly connected to the pneumatic rod 19;
[0081] The second guide post 21 is disposed on the pneumatic rod 19, and the second guide post 21 is fixedly connected to the pneumatic rod 19;
[0082] The first gripper 22 is disposed on the limiting shell 17, and the first gripper 22 is slidably connected to the limiting shell 17;
[0083] The second gripper 23 is disposed on the limiting housing 17, and the second gripper 23 is slidably connected to the limiting housing 17;
[0084] The first guide rail 24 is disposed on the first gripper 22. The first guide rail 24 is fixedly connected to the first gripper 22 and slidably connected to the first guide post 20.
[0085] The second guide rail 25 is disposed on the second gripper 23. The second guide rail 25 is fixedly connected to the second gripper 23, and the second guide rail 25 is slidably connected to the second guide post 21.
[0086] When the pneumatic cylinder 18 is activated, the pneumatic rod 19 moves upward under the pneumatic pressure of the pneumatic cylinder 18, thereby driving the first guide post 20 and the second guide post 21, which are fixedly connected to the pneumatic rod 19, to move upward. The upward movement of the first guide post 20 and the second guide post 21 respectively drives the first guide rail 24 and the second guide rail 25, which are slidably connected to the first guide post 20 and the second guide rail 21, to move upward, thereby driving the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23, which are fixedly connected to the first guide rail 24 and the second guide rail 25, to move upward. Since the upward movement of the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23 is restricted by the slidingly connected limiting shell, the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23 will move along the sliding groove in the limiting shell and the direction of the first guide rail 24 and the second guide rail 25 toward the steel wire body until the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23 clamp the steel wire body. Then the pneumatic cylinder 18 is closed to facilitate subsequent work.
[0087] Under the action of the pneumatic rod 19, the limiting shell 17, the first guide post 20, the second guide post 21, the first gripper 22, the second gripper 23, the first guide rail 24, and the second guide rail 25 enable the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23 to automatically clamp the steel wire body, thereby improving work efficiency.
[0088] Reference Figures 1 to 7A detection component, disposed on the detection box 1, cooperates with the transport component and the clamping component. The cooperation of the detection component with the transport component and the clamping component makes the detection process of the steel wire body more automated and convenient. The detection component includes:
[0089] A hydraulic cylinder 26 is mounted on the detection box 1 and is fixedly connected to the detection box 1.
[0090] A hydraulic rod 27 is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder 26, and the hydraulic rod 27 is slidably connected to the hydraulic cylinder 26;
[0091] Sensor 28 is mounted on hydraulic rod 27 and is fixedly connected to hydraulic rod 27.
[0092] Start the hydraulic cylinder 26. The hydraulic cylinder 26 moves downward under the action of the hydraulic pressure, thereby driving the sensor 28, which is fixedly connected to the hydraulic rod 27, to move downward and perform the detection work.
[0093] Working principle: Refer to Figures 1 to 7The steel wire body is inserted into the left limiting tube 2 until it reaches the left lower pulley 12. The drive motor 8 is started, and the output shaft of the drive motor 8 rotates, thereby driving the first conveyor belt 9, which is rolledly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor 8, to rotate. The rotation of the first conveyor belt 9 drives the first rotating shaft 11, which is rolledly connected to the first conveyor belt 9, to rotate, thereby driving the lower pulley 12, which is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft 11, to rotate. The servo motor 13 is started, and the output shaft of the servo motor 13 rotates, thereby driving the second conveyor belt 14, which is rolledly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor 13, to rotate. The rotation of the second conveyor belt 14 drives the second rotating shaft 15, which is rolledly connected to the second conveyor belt 14, to rotate, thereby driving the upper pulley 16, which is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft 15, to rotate. Since the upper pulley 16 and the lower pulley 12 rotate in opposite directions, the steel wire body moves towards the right limiting tube 3 due to the friction between the upper pulley 16 and the lower pulley 12, until it reaches the right limiting tube 3. The drive motor 8 and the servo motor 13 are turned off, and the pneumatic cylinder 18 is started. The pneumatic rod 19 is pressurized by air. Under the pressure of the air in cylinder 18, the cylinder moves upward, thereby driving the first guide post 20 and the second guide post 21, which are fixedly connected to the air rod 19, to move upward. The upward movement of the first guide post 20 and the second guide post 21 respectively drives the first guide rail 24 and the second guide rail 25, which are slidably connected to the first guide post 20 and the second guide rail 21, to move upward. This, in turn, drives the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23, which are fixedly connected to the first guide rail 24 and the second guide rail 25, to move upward. Since the upward movement of the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23 is restricted by the slidingly connected limiting shell, the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23 will move along the sliding groove in the limiting shell and the first guide rail 24 and the second guide rail 25 in the direction of the steel wire body until the first gripper 22 and the second gripper 23 clamp the steel wire body. Then, the air cylinder 18 is closed, and the hydraulic cylinder 26 is started. The hydraulic cylinder 26 moves downward under the action of the hydraulic pressure, thereby driving the sensor 28, which is fixedly connected to the hydraulic rod 27, to move downward, and thus perform the detection work.
[0094] The above description of the embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A steel wire processing strength detection device for easy fixation, comprising a detection box (1), an observation window (29), a left limiting tube (2) and a right limiting tube (3), characterized in that, Also includes: A support component is disposed on the detection box (1); A support frame (4) is disposed on the detection box (1), and the support frame (4) is fixedly connected to the detection box (1); A spring (5) is disposed on the support frame (4), and the spring (5) is fixedly connected to the support frame (4); A support column (6) is provided on the support frame (4), the support column (6) is slidably connected to the support frame (4), and the support column (6) is fixedly connected to the spring (5); The testing platform (7) is set on the support column (6), and the testing platform (7) is fixedly connected to the support column (6); A transport component is disposed on the support component; A drive motor (8) is mounted on the testing platform (7), and the drive motor (8) is fixedly connected to the testing platform (7); The first conveyor belt (9) is disposed on the output shaft of the drive motor (8), and the first conveyor belt (9) is tumbledly connected to the output shaft of the drive motor (8); A bracket (10) is set on the testing platform (7), and the drive motor (8) is fixedly connected to the testing platform (7) (8); The first rotating shaft (11) is disposed on the bracket (10), the first rotating shaft (11) is tactilely connected to the bracket (10), and the first rotating shaft (11) is tactilely connected to the first conveyor belt (9); A sliding wheel (12) is disposed on the first rotating shaft (11), and the sliding wheel (12) is fixedly connected to the first rotating shaft (11); A servo motor (13) is mounted on the testing table (7), and the servo motor (13) is fixedly connected to the testing table (7); The second conveyor belt (14) is disposed on the output shaft of the servo motor (13), and the second conveyor belt (14) is tumbledly connected to the output shaft of the servo motor (13); The second rotating shaft (15) is disposed on the bracket (10), the second rotating shaft (15) is rotatably connected to the bracket (10), and the second rotating shaft (15) is rotatably connected to the second conveyor belt (14); The upper pulley (16) is disposed on the second rotating shaft (15), and the lower pulley (12) is fixedly connected to the second rotating shaft (15); A clamping component is disposed on the support component; The detection component is mounted on the detection box (1); A hydraulic cylinder (26) is mounted on the detection box (1), and the hydraulic cylinder (26) is fixedly connected to the detection box (1); A hydraulic rod (27) is mounted on the hydraulic cylinder (26), and the hydraulic rod (27) is slidably connected to the hydraulic cylinder (26); A sensor (28) is mounted on the hydraulic rod (27), and the sensor (28) is fixedly connected to the hydraulic rod (27).
2. The strength testing device for steel wire processing with easy fixation according to claim 1, characterized in that The clamping assembly includes: A limiting shell (17) is disposed on the detection table (7), and the limiting shell (17) is fixedly connected to the detection table (7); A pneumatic cylinder (18) is mounted on the testing platform (7) and is fixedly connected to the testing platform (7); A pneumatic rod (19) is mounted on the pneumatic cylinder (18), the pneumatic rod (19) is slidably connected to the pneumatic cylinder (18), and the pneumatic rod (19) is slidably connected to the limiting shell (17); The first guide post (20) is disposed on the pneumatic rod (19), and the first guide post (20) is fixedly connected to the pneumatic rod (19); The second guide post (21) is disposed on the pneumatic rod (19), and the second guide post (21) is fixedly connected to the pneumatic rod (19); The first gripper (22) is disposed on the limiting shell (17), and the first gripper (22) is slidably connected to the limiting shell (17); The second gripper (23) is disposed on the limiting shell (17), and the second gripper (23) is slidably connected to the limiting shell (17); The first guide rail (24) is disposed on the first gripper (22), the first guide rail (24) is fixedly connected to the first gripper (22), and the first guide rail (24) is slidably connected to the first guide post (20); The second guide rail (25) is disposed on the second gripper (23). The second guide rail (25) is fixedly connected to the second gripper (23), and the second guide rail (25) is slidably connected to the second guide post (21).
3. The strength testing device for steel wire processing with easy fixation according to claim 2, characterized in that The support components are in four groups and are evenly distributed on the detection box (1).
4. The strength testing device for steel wire processing according to claim 3, wherein The clamping components are in two sets and are symmetrically distributed on the detection table (7).
5. The strength testing device for steel wire processing according to claim 4, wherein There are two lower pulleys (12) and two upper pulleys (16), which are symmetrically distributed on the testing platform (7).