Threshing and cleaning device and harvester

Abstract

The utility model provides a threshing and cleaning device and a harvester, the threshing and cleaning device comprises a rack, an upper cover plate, a lower concave plate, a threshing cylinder and a grass discharging assembly, the threshing cylinder rotates, straws are guided by the grass discharging assembly to move backwards in a threshing cavity and fall into a preset grass discharging channel to be cut up and thrown, and the threshing cylinder can be prevented from being blocked by arranging the grass discharging assembly; meanwhile, detachable threshing rasp bars and separating bar teeth are arranged on the threshing cylinder, so that the harvester can adapt to harvesting of crops with different maturity degrees, and the situation that under the condition that the crop maturity degree is high, the threshing time of the crops in a threshing cavity is too long, and consequently grains are broken is avoided; the situation that threshing is insufficient under the conditions that the crop maturity is low and the water content is high is avoided. The threshing and cleaning device provided by the utility model has the advantages of wide application range and long service life, and can improve the working efficiency of the harvester and improve the harvesting quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of agricultural machinery manufacturing, and in particular to a threshing and cleaning device and a harvester. Background Technology

[0002] During grain harvesting, after the threshing drum threshes the grain, the grains fall from the concave plate into the bottom cleaning device. The straw moves with the rotation of the threshing drum to the rear, entering the straw discharge channel for further processing. However, increasing the threshing drum's speed can cause the straw to fail to follow the preset trajectory into the straw discharge channel, often accumulating above and behind the drum, leading to blockage and affecting its rotational efficiency. Blockage, straw entanglement, or contact with hard objects can easily damage the threshing bars or separating teeth on the threshing drum, significantly reducing threshing quality and harvester efficiency. Replacing the threshing drum is the common solution, further increasing harvesting costs. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a threshing and cleaning device and a harvester, which solves the problems in the prior art where the accumulation of straw behind the threshing drum affects the harvester's operating efficiency, and the problems in the threshing bar and separating bar teeth affect the harvester's operating quality. At the same time, it can adaptively adjust the grain threshing time according to the maturity of the crop to avoid grain damage.

[0004] To address the above problems, this utility model provides a threshing and cleaning device, including a frame, an upper cover plate, a lower concave plate, a threshing drum, and a straw discharge assembly. The lower concave plate is hinged to the upper cover plate to form a threshing chamber. The threshing drum is fixed longitudinally to the frame along the harvester and is disposed within the threshing chamber. The straw discharge assembly is disposed on the threshing drum and is used to guide the straw to fall. The straw discharge assembly includes a straw discharge upper plate, a straw discharge side plate assembly, and a straw guiding plate. The straw discharge upper plate is disposed within the frame. The rear end of the threshing chamber is connected to the upper cover plate, and the straw discharge plate covers the rear of the threshing drum. The straw discharge side plate assembly includes a first straw discharge side plate fixed to one side of the straw discharge plate and a second straw discharge side plate on the other side. The threshing drum includes at least two straw guiding plates distributed circumferentially along the threshing drum, and the straw guiding plates are fixed to the rear end of the threshing drum. When the threshing drum rotates, the straw is guided by the straw discharge assembly to move backward in the threshing chamber and fall into the preset straw discharge channel for chopping and scattering.

[0005] By setting up a straw discharge assembly, straw is prevented from accumulating above the rear end of the threshing drum. The straw discharge upper plate and straw discharge side plate assembly restrict the position of the thrown straw, causing the straw to fall into the preset straw discharge channel, thereby further improving the operating efficiency of the threshing and cleaning device.

[0006] Preferably, the threshing drum includes a conical section disposed on the front side and a straight cylindrical section connected to the conical section. The front section of the conical section includes an impeller assembly uniformly disposed for feeding crops, threshing grooves uniformly disposed on the rear section of the conical section and the front section of the straight cylindrical section for threshing, and separating rod teeth disposed on the rear section of the straight cylindrical section for separating straw. The threshing grooves and the separating rod teeth are detachably disposed on the threshing drum.

[0007] With detachable threshing bar and separating bar teeth, the grain threshing section and straw separation section on the threshing drum can be adjusted according to the maturity of the grain. At the same time, in the event of damage to the threshing drum, the cost of replacing the entire threshing drum can be reduced by timely replacement of the threshing bar and separating bar teeth, thereby improving operational efficiency.

[0008] Preferably, the grass discharge assembly further includes a feeding housing, which is arranged around the front of the threshing chamber with the forward direction of the harvester as the front; the feeding housing is arranged around the impeller assembly above the impeller assembly to cover the corresponding impeller assembly, and the feeding housing is fixed to the upper cover plate and the lower concave plate.

[0009] Preferably, the first and second grass-row side plates are symmetrically arranged and each includes a transition plate and a baffle. The transition plate is connected to the grass-row top plate and flares outward, and the baffle is connected to the other end of the transition plate.

[0010] Preferably, the lower concave plate includes a first concave sieve disposed below the threshing bar and a second concave sieve disposed below the separating bar teeth, wherein the gap size of the first concave sieve is adjustable.

[0011] Preferably, the helix angle of the threshing bar and the separating bar teeth on the threshing drum is 55 degrees.

[0012] Preferably, the separating rod tooth includes a separating seat and a prying tooth, the separating seat and the prying tooth are integrally formed, and the separating rod tooth is fixed to the cylinder wall of the straight cylinder by bolts.

[0013] Preferably, the threshing bar includes at least two forged surfaces arranged along the width direction, the forged surfaces being raised on the threshing bar and having an angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal direction.

[0014] Preferably, the straw guide plate is arranged along the rotation direction of the threshing drum and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction.

[0015] The present invention provides a threshing and cleaning device, which avoids grain damage and straw blockage during the threshing and straw discharge process by setting a straw discharge device behind the threshing drum and installing detachable threshing groove rods and separating rod teeth on the threshing drum.

[0016] This utility model also provides a harvester, including the threshing device as described in any of the above, which can reduce the occurrence of failures in the threshing and straw removal process, improve the service life of the harvester, and enhance operational reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a threshing and cleaning device provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 1 .

[0019] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a threshing and cleaning device provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 2 .

[0020] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a threshing and cleaning device provided in this embodiment of the utility model. Figure 3 .

[0021] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a threshing drum structure provided for an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 1 .

[0022] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of a threshing drum structure provided for an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 2 .

[0023] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a threshing drum structure provided for an embodiment of this utility model. Figure 3 .

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a threshing bar structure provided for an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a separating rod tooth structure provided for an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0026] Explanation of icon numbers:

[0027] 100-Threshing and cleaning device; 1-Frame; 2-Upper cover plate; 3-Lower concave plate; 31-First concave plate screen; 32-Second concave plate screen; 33-Adjusting mechanism; 4-Threshing chamber; 5-Threshing drum; 501-Conical part; 502-Straight cylinder part; 51-Feeding area; 511-Impeller assembly; 52-Threshing area; 521-Threshing groove bar; 5211-Forged surface; 53-Separation area; 531-Separation rod teeth; 5311-Separation seat; 5312-Pulling teeth; 6-Grass discharge assembly; 61-Grass discharge upper plate; 62-Grass discharge side plate assembly; 621-First grass discharge side plate; 6211-Transition plate; 6212-Baffle; 622-Second grass discharge side plate; 63-Grass guide plate; 64-Feeding shell. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] To keep the drawings concise, only the parts relevant to this invention are shown schematically in each figure, and they do not represent the actual structure of the product. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, in some figures, only one of the components with the same structure or function is schematically depicted, or only one is labeled. In this document, "one" not only means "only one," but can also mean "more than one."

[0030] It should also be further understood that the term “and / or” as used in this application specification and the appended claims means any combination of one or more of the associated listed items and all possible combinations, and includes such combinations.

[0031] In this document, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0032] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0033] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the specific implementation methods of this utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings and other implementation methods can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0034] See Figures 1 to 3As shown, the embodiment provides a harvester for grain harvesting. A threshing and cleaning device is provided along the longitudinal direction of the harvester for grain threshing and straw discharge. The threshing and cleaning device is fixed to the frame 1. After the crop is cut by the harvester's header, it is fed into the threshing and cleaning device for threshing and straw discharge. Specifically, the threshing and cleaning device is equipped with an upper cover plate 2 and a lower concave plate 3 connected to the frame 1. The upper cover plate 2 is curved downwards, and the lower concave plate 3 is curved upwards. The threshing drum 5 is fixed to the frame 1 along the entire longitudinal direction of the harvester and rotates within the threshing chamber 4 formed by the hinge of the upper cover plate 2 and the lower concave plate 3 to thresh the grain. The straw is discharged from the threshing chamber 4 along the rotation direction of the threshing drum 5. To ensure smooth straw discharge, a straw discharge component 6 is provided on the threshing drum 5, with the harvester's working direction as the forward direction, to guide the straw smoothly into a pre-set straw discharge channel inside the harvester. The straw discharge assembly 6 includes a straw discharge upper plate 61 disposed at the rear end of the upper cover plate 2. The straw discharge upper plate 61 has the same curvature as the upper cover plate 2 to prevent straw from being thrown out of the preset straw discharge channel. The straw discharge side plate assembly 62 includes a first straw discharge side plate 621 and a second straw discharge side plate 622 disposed on both sides of the straw discharge upper plate 61. The first straw discharge side plate 621 and the second straw discharge side plate 622 are respectively fixed to the straw discharge upper plate 61 to further limit the position of straw falling. At least two straw guiding plates 63 are disposed on the rear side of the threshing drum 5. The straw guiding plates 63 are arranged around the circumference of the threshing drum 5. During the rotation of the threshing drum 5, the straw guiding plates 63 throw the straw into the preset straw discharge channel. Specifically, the upper straw-discharging plate 61 is positioned above the straw-guiding plate 63 on the threshing drum 5, and the straw-discharging side plate assemblies 62 are arranged on both sides. This structure prevents the straw from being thrown out into the pre-set straw-discharging channel due to the rotation of the threshing drum 5 while the straw-guiding plate 63 is guiding the straw into the straw-discharging channel, thus preventing blockage of the threshing and cleaning device. When the straw falls into the pre-set straw-discharging channel, it undergoes further chopping and spreading according to harvesting requirements. In a preferred embodiment, the straw-guiding plate 63 is arranged along the rotation direction of the threshing drum 5, and the angle between the straw-guiding plate 63 and the horizontal direction is 45 degrees. That is, when the front and rear ends of the straw-guiding plate 63 are fixed to the threshing drum 5, the angle in the horizontal direction is 45 degrees. This 45-degree arrangement allows the straw to be smoothly thrown into the pre-set straw-discharging channel, preventing the straw from entangled in the threshing drum 5 and affecting its rotation efficiency. In addition, the first row of straw side plate 621 and the second row of straw side plate 622 have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged, including a transition plate 6211 and a baffle 6212 respectively. The baffle 6212 is arranged vertically. One end of the transition plate 6211 is connected to the straw upper plate 61 and the other end is flared outward and connected to the baffle 6212. This arrangement avoids the straw from getting tangled at the tail end of the threshing drum 5 and affecting the rotation speed of the threshing drum 5.

[0035] By adding a straw removal component 6 to the rear end of the threshing drum 5, the threshing efficiency of the harvester is improved, the threshing and cleaning device is prevented from clogging and affecting the grain harvesting progress, and the harvesting efficiency of the harvester is further improved.

[0036] See Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 In the threshing and cleaning device provided in the embodiment, the threshing drum 5 includes a conical portion 501 disposed on the front side and a straight cylindrical portion 502 disposed on the rear side of the conical portion 501. The front section of the conical portion 501 includes an impeller assembly 511 evenly arranged around it to form a feeding zone 51. The impeller assembly 511 is used to feed the grain harvested by the header into the threshing chamber 4 for threshing. The rear section of the conical portion 501 and the front end of the straight cylindrical portion 502 are provided with threshing grooves 521 to form a threshing zone 52. When the straw passes through the threshing zone 52, the threshing grooves 521 thresh the straw, and the fallen grains are screened by the concave plate 3 disposed below. The rear section of the straight cylindrical portion 502 is equipped with separation rod teeth 531 for separating straw to form a separation zone 53 for separating straw and grains. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, both the threshing bar 521 and the separating bar teeth 531 are detachably mounted on the threshing drum 5. This prevents damage to the threshing bar 521 or separating bar teeth 531 during threshing, thus avoiding the need to replace the entire threshing drum 5 if hard objects are encountered. This improves threshing efficiency and quality. Since only partially damaged threshing bar 521 or separating bar teeth 531 need to be replaced, harvesting costs can be further reduced. In an optional embodiment, because the threshing bar 521 and separating bar teeth 531 are detachable, the sizes of the threshing zone 52 and the separating zone 53 on the threshing drum 5 can be adjusted. Specifically, in the middle section of the threshing drum 5, at the junction of the threshing zone 52 and the separation zone 53, a threshing bar 521 is pre-installed when the harvester leaves the factory. When the moisture content of the crop is low, the maturity of the grain is high, and the grain is easy to fall off the straw. At this time, the threshing bar 521 needs to be removed and the number of separation bar teeth 531 needs to be increased to expand the separation zone 53 and reduce the threshing zone 52, so as to prevent the threshing time from being too long and causing the grain to break. When the moisture content of the crop is high, the maturity of the grain is low, and the grain is difficult to fall off the straw. Therefore, the number of separation bar teeth 531 is reduced accordingly to expand the threshing zone 52 and reduce the separation zone 53, so as to prevent the grain from being threshed incompletely.

[0037] See Figures 1-3In this embodiment, the threshing and cleaning device is further provided with a feeding shell 64. In the forward direction of the harvester, the feeding shell 64 is arranged around the front of the threshing chamber 4 and covers the impeller assembly 511. It is fixedly connected to the upper cover plate 2 and the lower concave plate 3. The feeding shell 64 is in the shape of a boss, and the diameter of one side of the feeding inlet is larger than the diameter of the side connected to the upper cover plate 2 and the lower concave plate 3. To prevent straw from mixing and accumulating with grains in the threshing chamber 4, the lower concave plate 3 is provided with a first concave sieve 31 and a second concave sieve 32. The first concave sieve 31 is symmetrically arranged below the threshing rod 521, and the second concave sieve 32 is symmetrically arranged below the separating rod teeth 531 to screen the mixture of grains and straw. The gap of the first concave sieve 31 is larger than the gap of the second concave sieve 32 because less straw is broken in the threshing zone 52, while the second concave sieve 32 in the separating zone 53 mainly consists of a mixture of grains and straw. Therefore, a concave sieve with a smaller gap is needed for screening. Meanwhile, an adjustment mechanism 33 can be set to adjust the gap size of the first concave sieve 31 according to the maturity of the crop or the moisture content of the grain. The adjustment method of the adjustment mechanism 33 for the first concave sieve 31 will not be described in detail here.

[0038] See Figure 7 , Figure 8 In this embodiment, to achieve uniform threshing of straw, the helix angle of the threshing groove rod 521 and the separating rod tooth 531 on the threshing drum 5 is set to 55 degrees. Both the separating rod tooth 531 and the threshing groove rod 521 can be fixed to the threshing drum 5 with bolts for easy replacement. The separating rod tooth 531 is provided with a separating seat 5311 and a pawl 5312. The pawl 5312 is fixed on the separating seat 5311. The separating seat 5311 is fixed to the threshing drum 5 with bolts, and the pawl 5312 and the separating rod tooth 531 are integrally formed and fixed to the cylinder wall of the straight section 502 with bolts. To improve the threshing efficiency of the threshing bar 521 and increase the friction between it and the straw, the threshing bar 521 is provided with at least two forged surfaces 5211 arranged along its width direction. The forged surfaces 5211 are raised relative to the surface of the threshing bar 521 and have an angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal direction, forming an angle difference with the installation helix angle of the threshing bar 521 to increase the threshing efficiency.

[0039] The threshing and cleaning device provided by this utility model improves the reliability of the harvester's threshing operation by installing a detachable threshing groove rod 521 and a separating rod tooth 531 on the threshing drum 5. At the same time, it avoids the problem of grass discharge blockage by adding a grass discharge device to the rear side of the threshing drum 5. It has the characteristics of high threshing quality and anti-blockage, which can improve the service life of the harvester's threshing drum 5 and reduce production and use costs.

[0040] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention cover modifications and variations falling within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A threshing and cleaning device, characterized in that include: frame; Top cover; A concave plate, which is hinged to the upper cover plate to form a threshing chamber; A threshing drum is fixed to the frame along the longitudinal direction of the harvester and is disposed inside the threshing chamber; A straw-discharging assembly is disposed on the threshing drum to guide the straw to fall. The grass removal component includes: The upper plate for discharging straw is located at the rear end of the threshing chamber and connected to the upper cover plate, and the upper plate covers the rear part of the threshing drum. A grass-draining side panel assembly, comprising a first grass-draining side panel fixed to one side of the grass-draining top panel and a second grass-draining side panel on the other side; The threshing drum includes at least two grass-guiding plates distributed circumferentially along the threshing drum, and the grass-guiding plates are fixed to the rear end of the threshing drum. As the threshing drum rotates, the straw is guided by the straw discharge component to move backward in the threshing chamber and fall into the preset straw discharge channel to be chopped and scattered.

2. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that The threshing drum includes a conical section disposed on the front side and a straight cylindrical section connected to the conical section. The front section of the conical section includes an impeller assembly evenly disposed for feeding crops, threshing grooves evenly disposed on the rear section of the conical section and the front section of the straight cylindrical section for threshing, and separating rod teeth disposed on the rear section of the straight cylindrical section for separating straw. The threshing grooves and the separating rod teeth are detachably disposed on the threshing drum.

3. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein The grass removal assembly also includes a feeding housing, which is arranged around the front of the threshing chamber with the forward direction of the harvester as the front; the feeding housing is arranged around the impeller assembly above the impeller assembly to cover the corresponding impeller assembly, and the feeding housing is fixed to the upper cover plate and the lower concave plate.

4. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein The first and second row of grass side plates are symmetrically arranged and each includes a transition plate and a baffle. The transition plate is connected to the upper grass-laying plate and flares outward. The baffle is connected to the other end of the transition plate.

5. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein The lower concave plate includes a first concave sieve disposed below the threshing bar and a second concave sieve disposed below the separating bar teeth, wherein the gap size of the first concave sieve is adjustable.

6. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein The spiral angle of the threshing bar and the separating bar teeth on the threshing drum is 55 degrees.

7. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein The separating rod teeth include a separating seat and a prying tooth, the separating seat and the prying tooth being integrally formed, and the separating rod teeth being fixed to the cylinder wall of the straight section by bolts.

8. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that The threshing bar includes at least two forged surfaces arranged along the width direction, the forged surfaces being raised on the threshing bar and having an angle of 60 degrees with the horizontal direction.

9. A threshing and cleaning apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The straw feeding plate is positioned along the rotation direction of the threshing drum and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal direction.

10. A harvester characterized by Includes the threshing and cleaning apparatus as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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