Mountain electric bicycle main control system based on various sensor control interfaces

Abstract

The utility model discloses a mountain electric bicycle main control system based on various sensor control interfaces. The main control system comprises a single-chip microcomputer, a three-phase motor driver connected with the single-chip microcomputer, a power supply, the various sensor control interfaces, a plurality of communication modules, a first input / output interface and a second input / output interface. The various sensor control interfaces comprise a motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface, a torque / pedal sensor control interface, a rotating speed sensor control interface and a braking / braking sensor control interface. By using the phase current driving detection technology, the working efficiency of the motor of the electric bicycle is improved, and the loss of the motor is reduced; by using various Hall sensors and interfaces of different types, the electric performance indexes of motor Hall current and temperature, torque / pedal speed and position, rotating speed, braking / braking and the like of the mountain electric bicycle are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of mountain electric bicycle technology, specifically to a main control system for mountain electric bicycles based on multiple sensor control interfaces. Background Technology

[0002] Electric bicycles typically use brushless direct current (BLDC) motors as their drive motors. These motors offer advantages such as high efficiency, low maintenance, and long lifespan. By monitoring phase current, the motor's current load, power output, torque, pedal status, and riding mode can be monitored in real time, allowing for precise control of the motor's operation. For example, fluctuations in the operating current during acceleration, deceleration, or uphill riding reflect the motor's load; accurate current monitoring can optimize power distribution and improve the electric bicycle's power response. Phase current monitoring can also be used for fault detection and maintenance. The motor's current waveform is a crucial indicator of its operational health; abnormal current may indicate dangerous problems such as overheating, overload, or damage. Monitoring and analyzing the current waveform allows for early detection of potential issues, preventing motor failures and improving the overall reliability and safety of the vehicle. The lighting system of an electric bicycle not only provides nighttime road illumination for the rider but also enhances visibility in traffic, preventing accidents. Especially in complex urban traffic environments, the design and brightness of the headlights and taillights need to be automatically adjusted based on real-time road conditions and the rider's needs. Phase current detection technology can be integrated with lighting systems to automatically adjust the brightness and range of the headlight illumination based on information such as vehicle speed, ambient light intensity, and angle, thereby improving safety during nighttime riding. Mountain bike lighting systems are increasingly evolving towards greater energy efficiency and intelligence. Intelligent lighting systems can automatically adjust the headlight's angle and brightness according to different riding modes (such as going straight, turning, accelerating, decelerating, and braking), and can even sense the intensity of ambient light to automatically adjust the headlight's brightness, saving energy and improving road visibility. This technology relies on precise sensors and intelligent control algorithms, and the phase current detection system provides real-time data support for these intelligent controls, ensuring the efficient operation of the lighting system.

[0003] Technically, traditional electric bicycles primarily use a single sensor or simple throttle control to achieve basic speed regulation of the motor. Early common practices involved installing a speed sensor on the rear wheel or bottom bracket, along with a simple throttle, cadence sensor, or position sensor, to determine the rider's pedaling intentions and provide corresponding assistance. While this solution was low-cost and easy to install, it struggled to provide sufficient accuracy and response speed in complex mountainous terrain. As riders' demands for handling and safety features increased, various advanced sensors began to be introduced into the main control system of electric bicycles, including Hall effect sensors, torque sensors, cadence and position sensors, speed sensors, brake sensors, braking sensors, and even gyroscopes. The cross-complementary data from multiple sensors and interfaces significantly improves riding comfort and safety, and provides a data foundation for more intelligent control strategies. Beyond power control, the fusion of data from multiple sensors and interfaces is also crucial for rider safety. For example, when the brake sensor sends a braking signal, the main control system immediately cuts off power or reduces motor power to a minimum to prevent safety risks caused by inertia. With the addition of a gyroscope or IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), the main control system can more accurately sense the vehicle's posture and riding route. When necessary, it can send vibration or warning light signals to the rider to remind them to maintain balance or slow down. Combined with onboard Bluetooth or cellular communication modules, various abnormal information can be uploaded to the cloud, providing data support for subsequent remote diagnostics or emergency calls. Regarding the human-machine interface, the main control system of mountain bikes, based on multiple sensors and interfaces, can be continuously upgraded in terms of user interface and control data visualization. For example, users can view various information such as current riding speed, assist level, temperature changes and heat dissipation, and heart rate via an LCD screen, mobile app, or smartwatch connected to the internet. They can also adjust three riding modes (such as ECO, Normal / Standard, and Sport) and a customized personalized mode based on real-time data. In the future, with the further maturation of sensing technology, human-machine interaction technology, big data, and large-scale modeling technology, more innovative interaction methods such as voice commands, facial recognition, or gesture recognition are expected to be applied to mountain bikes. The main control system of a mountain bike often needs to integrate multiple sensors and control interfaces to achieve comprehensive management of various aspects such as speed, torque, power output, riding mode, braking force, and data information interaction.

[0004] The development of a main control system for mountain bike electric bicycles based on multiple sensors and interfaces stems primarily from the urgent need for high-precision data fusion from various sensors and interfaces, as well as a deep exploration of green travel and intelligent trends. Advances in modern technologies, data fusion algorithms, energy and heat dissipation management, and human-computer interaction technologies have made functions previously difficult to achieve on traditional electric bicycles or mountain bike electric bicycles a reality. Technical support for multiple sensors and interfaces not only provides riders with smoother power output and a safer control experience but also lays a solid technical foundation for subsequent functional expansion and upgrades. The main control system for mountain bike electric bicycles based on multiple sensor control interfaces integrates various signal interfaces, including cadence sensors, position sensors, torque sensors, speed sensors, manual throttle (or throttle) sensors, Hall effect sensors, and brake sensors, into a single main control unit. Through intelligent algorithms and intelligent processing under various complex conditions, it can collect, analyze, and output optimal assist or braking force from different input signals. The advantages of this intelligent control system and interface are mainly reflected in the following aspects:

[0005] (1) Enhanced riding experience for users: By fusing data from multiple sensors and interfaces, the system can more accurately determine the rider's condition. For example, when the pedaling torque is high, the main control system will recognize that the rider is climbing a hill or has a strong need for acceleration, and will output more auxiliary power; while when the cadence decreases or there is almost no pedaling, the main control system will reduce or shut down the motor's power output, reducing speed and energy consumption while ensuring riding safety. The accurate identification of multiple sensors and interfaces allows riders to receive gentler and more appropriate assistance under different road conditions, improving overall riding comfort.

[0006] (2) The power distribution of the electric motor is more intelligent: By monitoring data such as the vehicle's riding speed, cadence, torque, and Hall effect sensors in real time, the main control system can adopt more flexible control strategies to distribute power output. For example, when the mountain bike is climbing or continuously ascending, the main control system will appropriately increase the power output of the electric motor to ensure that the main control system will not experience insufficient power or excessive fatigue of the rider under high-intensity and complex working conditions; while on flat roads, downhill, or continuous downhill, the main control system can reduce the power output.

[0007] (3) High scalability. Because the main control system supports a variety of sensors and interfaces, it is relatively easy to add new sensor interfaces, control units, or control components during subsequent product upgrades or functional expansions. For example, a heart rate sensor interface or GPS module interface can be added to help the main control system analyze the cyclist's riding environment and physical condition, further accurately matching the assistance level. This architecture has excellent scalability in terms of technological advancement and functional upgrades.

[0008] (4) Enhanced safety performance: The braking sensors (such as power-off brakes) and brake interfaces of electric bicycles allow the main control system to react more quickly to sudden emergencies. Once a braking signal is detected, the motor will immediately stop power output or switch to an extremely low power operating mode, thereby preventing danger caused by motor inertia. Through cross-verification of various intelligent data, the risk of misjudgment, incorrect judgment, and missed judgment by the main control system can also be reduced, ensuring the safety of the rider.

[0009] However, it also has the following drawbacks:

[0010] (1) Increased system complexity: Integrating multiple sensors and interfaces to achieve precise collaborative control requires higher demands on both hardware and software. On the hardware side, the addition of multiple sensors and interfaces, along with corresponding wiring harnesses, will lead to more complex wiring within the main control system. On the software side, more complex intelligent control algorithms need to be developed to process and integrate data from multiple sensors and interfaces, increasing both cost and development cycle.

[0011] (2) Increased difficulty in maintenance and repair: Due to the high degree of integration within the main control system, multiple control signal lines, sensors, and interfaces often require specialized testing equipment to quickly locate the fault and resolve the problem if any malfunction occurs. This raises the barrier to entry for general users or small product repair shops. The replacement costs for damaged multiple sensors, interfaces, or control modules may also be higher.

[0012] (3) Higher power consumption: With an increased number of sensors and interfaces, the control strategies executed by the electric motor become more complex, requiring more computing power algorithms to support real-time analysis and control. This will increase the overall energy consumption of the vehicle to some extent. Although in a few operating conditions, the data fusion control strategy of multiple sensors and interfaces can reduce unnecessary electric motor power output, overall, it is still necessary to comprehensively weigh the power consumption impact brought about by more data processing.

[0013] In summary, a comprehensive balance must be struck between user functional needs, market positioning, and cost constraints to maximize the advantages of this control system and provide users with a better mountain bike riding experience. Summary of the Invention

[0014] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a main control system for mountain bike electric bicycles based on multiple sensor interfaces. By using phase current drive detection technology, the system improves the working efficiency of the electric bicycle's motor, effectively avoids current overload and current imbalance, reduces motor losses, and improves the energy utilization rate of the electric bicycle under various complex conditions. By using various types of Hall sensors and control interfaces, the system improves the electrical performance indicators of the mountain bike electric bicycle's motor, such as Hall current and temperature, torque / pedal speed and position, speed, and braking / stopping, making the user's riding more efficient and smoother.

[0015] This utility model provides a main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces. The main control system includes: a microcontroller, a three-phase motor drive connected to the microcontroller, a power supply, multiple sensor control interfaces, multiple communication modules, a first input / output interface, and a second input / output interface.

[0016] The various sensor control interfaces include: a motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface, a torque / pedal sensor control interface, a speed sensor control interface, and a brake / brake sensor control interface.

[0017] Preferably, the power supply includes a four-stage power supply: a main power supply circuit, a first branch power supply circuit, a second branch power supply circuit, and a third branch power supply circuit. The main power supply circuit is connected to the first branch power supply circuit and the second branch power supply circuit. The second branch power supply circuit is connected to the third branch power supply circuit. The third branch power supply circuit is connected to the microcontroller. The power supply also includes a positive power supply voltage terminal B+ and a negative power supply voltage terminal B-. The B+ terminal is connected to +72V voltage, and the B- terminal is connected to power ground.

[0018] The main power supply circuit is a voltage regulator circuit that converts the +72V voltage at the B+ terminal to a 12V / 1A voltage; the first branch power supply circuit is a first external voltage regulator circuit that converts the 12V / 1A voltage to an external power supply voltage of +5V / 1A; the second branch power supply circuit is an internal voltage regulator circuit that converts the 12V / 1A voltage to an internal power supply voltage of +5V / 1A; and the third branch power supply circuit is an internal voltage regulator circuit that converts the internal power supply voltage of +5V / 1A to an internal power supply voltage of +3.3V / 0.5A.

[0019] Preferably, the PCB board of the main control system is provided with multiple test points, which are respectively connected to the motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface, the torque / pedal sensor control interface, the speed sensor control interface and the brake / brake sensor control interface;

[0020] The motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface includes: a motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket, a first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, a first TVS diode surge protection circuit, a Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit, and a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal. The motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, the first TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit, respectively. The first TVS diode surge protection circuit and the Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit are both connected to the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal.

[0021] The torque / pedal sensor control interface includes: a torque / pedal interface socket, a first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, a second TVS diode surge protection circuit, a first RC voltage filter circuit, and a single-chip microcomputer voltage detection input terminal. The torque / pedal interface socket is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, the second TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the first RC voltage filter circuit. The first RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the single-chip microcomputer voltage detection input terminal.

[0022] The speed sensor control interface includes: a speed interface socket, a second RC voltage filter circuit and a single-chip microcomputer voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence, and a third TVS tube surge protection circuit, wherein the second RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the third TVS tube surge protection circuit.

[0023] The brake / brake sensor control interface includes: a brake sensor control interface and a brake sensor control interface. The brake sensor control interface includes: a brake control interface socket, a fourth TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence. The brake sensor control interface includes: a brake control interface socket, a third RC voltage filter circuit, and the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence, as well as a fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit. The third RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit.

[0024] Preferably, the motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket includes: pin J1-1 (HALL1), pin J1-2 (HALL3), pin J1-3 (GND), pin J1-4 (VDD), pin J1-5 (HALL2), and pin J1-6 (M_TEMP). Pins J1-1 (HALL1), J1-5 (HALL2), and J1-2 (HALL3) are respectively used to receive the Hall signal HALL1 for phase A of the motor, the Hall signal HALL2 for phase B of the motor, and the Hall signal HALL3 for phase C of the motor. Pin J1-3 (GND) is connected to ground GND1. Pin J1-4 (VDD) is connected to the first external +5V power supply circuit. Pin J1-6 (M_TEMP) is used to receive the temperature signal. The first microcontroller voltage detection input includes: pin PC4 (M_TEMP temperature detection), pin PC6 (HALL1), pin PC7 (HALL2), and pin PC8 (HALL3).

[0025] The first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit includes: capacitor C1, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, resettable surface mount fuse F1, and diode D1. Capacitor C1 and the first capacitor C2 are connected in parallel. One end of the parallel circuit of capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 is connected to the ground wire GND1, and the other end is connected to the VDD terminal of pin J1-4. Capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 are connected in parallel. One end of the parallel circuit of capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 is connected to the ground wire GND1, and the other end is connected to the +5V_EXT external power supply voltage. One end of the resettable surface mount fuse F1 is connected to the VDD terminal of pin J1-4, and the other end is connected to the cathode of diode D1. The anode of diode D1 is connected to the +5V_EXT external power supply voltage.

[0026] The Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit includes three parallel circuits: the first circuit consists of a capacitor C5, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2 connected in sequence; the second circuit consists of a capacitor C6, a resistor R3, and a resistor R4 connected in sequence; and the third circuit consists of a capacitor C7, a resistor R5, and a resistor R6 connected in sequence. One end of each capacitor in the three parallel circuits is connected to ground GND1, and one end of each resistor is connected to the 3.3V internal power supply voltage. Specifically, capacitor C5 and resistor R1 are connected to terminal PC6; resistor R1 and resistor R2 are connected to terminal HALL1 (J1-1); capacitor C6 and resistor R3 are connected to terminal PC7; resistor R3 and resistor R4 are connected to terminal HALL2 (J1-5); capacitor C7 and resistor R5 are connected to terminal PC8; and resistor R5 and resistor R6 are connected to terminal HALL3 (J1-2).

[0027] Preferably, the torque / pedal interface socket includes: a Torque terminal (J2-1), a GND terminal (J2-2), a VDD terminal (J2-3), and a Cadence terminal (J2-4). The Torque terminal (J2-1) and the Cadence terminal (J2-4) are used to receive external torque signals and pedal speed / position signals, respectively. The GND terminal (J2-2) is connected to the ground wire GND1, and the VDD terminal (J2-3) is connected to one end of the inductor L1. The other end of the inductor L1 is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit. The microcontroller voltage detection input includes: test point T6 = Torque torque, PB7 = Torque torque, test point T5 = Cadence cadence, and PC13 = Cadence cadence.

[0028] The second TVS surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS5 and diode TVS6. The first pin of diode TVS5 is connected to the ground GND1, and the second pin is connected to the Torque terminal of J2-1 and the test point T6. The first pin of diode TVS6 is connected to the ground GND1, and the second pin is connected to the Cadence terminal of J2-4 and the test point T5.

[0029] Preferably, the speed interface socket includes: a second input / output interface terminal; the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal includes: PB5 terminal = speed, test point T7 = SPEED = speed; the third TVS diode surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS7; the second RC voltage filter circuit includes: capacitor C11, resistor R10, resistor R11, and resistor R12.

[0030] Preferably, the braking control interface socket includes: a second input / output interface terminal; the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal includes: PB12 terminal = Brake = braking; the fourth TVS diode surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS9; the braking sensor control interface further includes: resistor R16 and resistor R17; one end of resistor R17 is connected to the second input / output interface terminal, the other end is connected to the second pin of diode TVS9 and one end of resistor R16, the other end of resistor R16 is connected to the PB12 terminal, and the first pin of diode TVS9 is connected to the ground wire GND2;

[0031] The brake control interface socket includes: a first input / output interface terminal; the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal includes: PA5 terminal = brake = Throttle; the fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS8; the third RC voltage filter circuit includes: capacitor C12, resistor R13, resistor R14, and resistor R15; one end of resistor R15 is connected to the first input / output interface terminal, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R14 and the second pin of diode TVS8; the other end of resistor R14 is connected to one end of resistor R13; one end of capacitor C12 is connected to PA5 terminal; the other ends of resistor R13 and capacitor C12, and the first pin of diode TVS8 are connected to ground GND2.

[0032] Preferably, the three-phase motor drive includes: an A-phase MOS drive circuit, a B-phase MOS drive circuit, and a C-phase MOS drive circuit;

[0033] The A-phase MOS driving circuit includes: an A-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper column, an A-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, an A-phase MOS driving chip, and an A-phase voltage detection output interface;

[0034] The B-phase MOS driving circuit includes: a B-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper pillar, a B-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, a B-phase MOS driving chip, and a B-phase voltage detection output interface.

[0035] The C-phase MOS driving circuit includes: a C-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper pillar, a C-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, a C-phase MOS driving chip, and a C-phase voltage detection output interface;

[0036] The A-phase MOS driver chip, the B-phase MOS driver chip, and the C-phase MOS driver chip are respectively connected to the drive control output interface of the microcontroller through corresponding copper pillars and sockets. The A-phase voltage detection output interface, the B-phase voltage detection output interface, and the C-phase voltage detection output interface are all connected to the A / D port of the microcontroller.

[0037] Preferably, the plurality of communication modules include: a Bluetooth communication module and a CAN communication module; the Bluetooth communication module includes: an interconnected Bluetooth communication interface and a Bluetooth communication chip, the Bluetooth communication interface being connected to the microcontroller; the CAN communication module includes: an interconnected CAN communication interface and a CAN communication chip, the CAN communication chip being connected to the microcontroller;

[0038] The first input / output interface and the second input / output interface include: a KEYLOCK car key control port connected to the microcontroller, a B+ power supply voltage signal input port, a microcontroller programming port, a headlight lighting drive circuit, a taillight lighting drive circuit, a tail license plate light negative control circuit, a general-purpose USART serial port input / output interface, and a general-purpose UART serial port input / output interface.

[0039] The CAN communication interface, the first input / output interface, and the second input / output interface are all equipped with corresponding TVS diode surge protection circuits.

[0040] Preferably, the main control system further includes: multiple parallel high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter groups and an alarm circuit;

[0041] The plurality of parallel high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter groups include: a first high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, a second high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, a third high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, and a surface-mount high-voltage auxiliary capacitor group connected in parallel in sections, one end of the parallel capacitor is connected to the B+ terminal = +72V, and the other end is connected to the B- terminal = PGND ground.

[0042] The first high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group includes four 220uF / 100V capacitors with dimensions of D12.5XL16.5mm; the second high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group includes four 120uF / 100V capacitors with dimensions of D10.3XL16.5mm; the third high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group includes three 47uF / 100V capacitors with dimensions of D8XL12.5mm; the surface-mount high-voltage auxiliary capacitor group includes eight 0.47uF / 250V capacitors in SMD1210 packages; both the B+ and B- terminals are upright cylindrical copper pillars with surface-mount components, with a diameter of [missing information]. To prevent the black potting compound on the upper layer of the PCB from being exposed.

[0043] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0044] By using phase current drive detection technology, the operating status of the electric motor can be monitored in real time, accurately grasping current changes. This not only helps optimize the motor's drive strategy and improve the motor's efficiency in electric bicycles, but also effectively avoids current overload and current imbalance, reducing motor losses. Phase current drive detection technology, by accurately measuring the current in each phase, can better balance the motor's load, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of electric bicycles under various complex conditions.

[0045] By using various types of Hall sensors and control interfaces, the electrical performance indicators of mountain bike electric motors, such as Hall current and temperature, torque / pedal speed and position, speed, and braking, have been greatly improved. The improvements in various new functions and technologies make the user's riding more efficient and smoother. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structural framework of a main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces provided by this utility model;

[0047] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structural framework of another main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces provided by this utility model;

[0048] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the signal transmission relationship of the motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0049] Figure 4 Circuit diagram of the motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0050] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the signal transmission relationship of the torque / pedal sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0051] Figure 6 Circuit diagram of the torque / cadence / pedal sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0052] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the signal transmission relationship of the speed sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0053] Figure 8 Circuit diagram of the speed sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0054] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the signal structure transmission relationship of the brake / brake sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0055] Figure 10 Circuit diagram of the brake sensor control interface provided by this utility model;

[0056] Figure 11 The circuit diagram of the brake sensor control interface provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0057] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0058] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0059] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this utility model embodiment provides a main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces. The main control system includes: a microcontroller 100, a three-phase motor drive 200, a power supply 300, multiple sensor control interfaces 400, multiple communication modules 500, and multiple input / output interfaces 600 connected to the microcontroller 100; the multiple sensor control interfaces 400 include: a motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface 401, a torque / pedal sensor control interface 402, a speed sensor control interface 403, and a brake / brake sensor control interface 404.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, the microcontroller provided in this embodiment of the invention uses the STM32F405RGT6 chip. The power supply 300 includes four power levels: a main power supply circuit, a first branch power supply circuit, a second branch power supply circuit, and a third branch power supply circuit. The main power supply circuit is connected to the first and second branch power supply circuits, the second branch power supply circuit is connected to the third branch power supply circuit, and the third branch power supply circuit is connected to the microcontroller. The power supply also includes a positive power supply voltage terminal B+ and a negative power supply voltage terminal B-. The B+ terminal is connected to +72V, and the B- terminal is connected to ground. The B+ terminal is located on the aluminum copper pillar at the lower right end of the PCB board, and the B- terminal is located on the aluminum copper pillar at the upper right end of the PCB board.

[0061] The main power supply circuit is a voltage regulator circuit that converts the +72V voltage at the B+ terminal to a 12V / 1A voltage; the first branch power supply circuit is a first external voltage regulator circuit that converts the 12V / 1A voltage to an external power supply voltage of +5V / 1A; the second branch power supply circuit is an internal voltage regulator circuit that converts the 12V / 1A voltage to an internal power supply voltage of +5V / 1A; and the third branch power supply circuit is an internal voltage regulator circuit that converts the internal power supply voltage of +5V / 1A to an internal power supply voltage of +3.3V / 0.5A.

[0062] Specifically, Power Supply 1, the main power supply, is a circuit that converts the B+ terminal power voltage to a 12V / 1A power supply voltage. It includes a SY8501FCC voltage regulator chip, a start-up resistor, a power storage inductor, a feedback voltage signal, an output voltage filter circuit, and a 12V / 1A power supply voltage. Power Supply 2, the branch power supply, is a circuit that converts the +12V voltage to a +5V / 1A external power supply voltage. It includes an RY9120 voltage regulator chip, two enable control methods: one is obtained through voltage reduction conversion at the B+ terminal, and the other is controlled by the enable terminal output of the microcontroller's PWM. It also includes a power storage inductor, a feedback voltage signal, an output voltage filter circuit, and the resulting +5V / 1A voltage is the power supply voltage provided to the external power source. Power supply 3, or branch power supply two, is a +12V voltage to +5V / 1A power supply voltage regulation circuit. It includes an RY9120 voltage regulator, a power chip, an enable terminal control obtained after voltage reduction via the B+ terminal, an energy storage power inductor, a feedback voltage signal, and an output voltage filter circuit. The resulting +5V / 1A power supply voltage powers the internal system. Power supply 4, or branch power supply three, is a +5V voltage to +3.3V / 0.5A power supply voltage regulation circuit. It includes a TPRT9013-33GB voltage regulator chip, an output voltage filter circuit, and a resulting +3.3V / 0.5A power supply voltage, which powers the microcontroller chip and other circuit components.

[0063] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the PCB board of the main control system has multiple test points, which are respectively connected to the motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface, the torque / pedal sensor control interface, the speed sensor control interface, and the brake / brake sensor control interface. These four sensor control interfaces are all universal input / output ports. The following is a detailed description of these four sensor control interfaces.

[0064] (I) Motor Hall / Temperature Sensor Control Interface

[0065] The motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface includes: a motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket, a first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, a first TVS diode surge protection circuit, a Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit, and a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal. The motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, the first TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit, respectively. The first TVS diode surge protection circuit and the Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit are both connected to the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal.

[0066] like Figure 4As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket includes: pin J1-1 (HALL1), pin J1-2 (HALL3), pin J1-3 (GND), pin J1-4 (VDD), pin J1-5 (HALL2), and pin J1-6 (M_TEMP). Pins J1-1 (HALL1), J1-5 (HALL2), and J1-2 (HALL3) are respectively used to receive the Hall signal HALL1 of phase A of the motor, the Hall signal HALL2 of phase B of the motor, and the Hall signal HALL3 of phase C of the motor. Pin J1-3 (GND) is connected to the ground wire GND1. Pin J1-4 (VDD) is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit. Pin J1-6 (M_TEMP) is used to receive the temperature signal. The microcontroller voltage detection input terminal includes: pin PC4, pin PC6, pin PC7, and pin PC8.

[0067] The first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit includes: capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, a resettable surface mount fuse F1, and diode D1. Capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel, with one end of the parallel circuit connected to ground GND1 and the other end connected to the VDD terminal of pin J1-4. Capacitors C3 and C4 are also connected in parallel, with one end connected to ground GND1 and the other end connected to the 5V_EXT external power supply voltage. One end of the resettable surface mount fuse F1 is connected to the VDD terminal of pin J1-4, and the other end is connected to the cathode of diode D1. The anode of diode D1 is connected to the 5V_EXT external power supply voltage.

[0068] The Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit includes three parallel circuits: the first circuit consists of capacitor C5, resistor R1, and resistor R2 connected in sequence; the second circuit consists of capacitor C6, resistor R3, and resistor R4 connected in sequence; and the third circuit consists of capacitor C7, resistor R5, and resistor R6 connected in sequence. One end of each capacitor in the parallel circuit is connected to ground GND1, and one end of each resistor is connected to the 3.3V internal power supply voltage. Specifically, capacitor C5 and resistor R1 are connected to PC6 (Hall 1); resistor R1 and resistor R2 are connected to pin J1-1 (Hall 1); capacitor C6 and resistor R3 are connected to PC7 (Hall 2); resistor R3 and resistor R4 are connected to pin J1-5 (Hall 2); capacitor C7 and resistor R5 are connected to PC8 (Hall 3); and resistor R5 and resistor R6 are connected to pin J1-2 (Hall 3).

[0069] Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the signal transmission structure of the motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface. The motor is connected to the +5V_EXT power supply / ground, the A-phase Hall harness, the B-phase Hall harness, the C-phase Hall harness, and the temperature signal. The resulting power signal, A-phase Hall current signal, B-phase Hall current signal, C-phase Hall current signal, and temperature signal are output through the casing of this control interface to the interface adapter board, and then output through the female socket of the main system board. The motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket uses a 6-pin spring-loaded pin, which is exposed on the upper black potted surface of the PCB. The interface adapter board is fixed and is a double-layer board. The female socket of the main system board uses a retractable 6-pin spring-loaded pin. In this article, A-phase = U-phase (common to motors); B-phase = V-phase (common to motors); C-phase = W-phase (common to motors).

[0070] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the Hall / temperature sensor control interface for the motor. In the diagram, HALL1 = Hall signal of phase A of the motor, HALL2 = Hall signal of phase B of the motor, and HALL3 = Hall signal of phase C of the motor. C5, C6, C7, R, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 form a current-to-voltage conversion circuit. This circuit converts the obtained Hall current signal into a voltage signal via the female connector on the main system board and inputs it to the detection terminal of the microcontroller. F1 is a resettable surface mount fuse capable of withstanding a current surge of 0.5A. F1 has a wide operating voltage range: DC6~60V, operating current: 0.05~2A, and a small size: 3.25X1.65mm, in an SMD1206 package. TVS1, TVS2, TVS3, and TVS4 are bidirectional surge protection diodes. They feature a peak-to-peak current of 14A, a V-ESD voltage of 30KV, a peak-to-peak power of 230W, high breakdown current, high voltage, high power, small package size, low junction capacitance, low leakage current, and low clamping voltage.

[0071] The innovative design features of the motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface include:

[0072] ① Structurally, the three specifications of Hall current lines (A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase), power lines, and temperature signal lines are highly insulated and integrated into a single wire harness. The wire harness has a high waterproof, dustproof, and moisture-proof rating, reaching IP68.

[0073] ② Structurally, the entire unit (main control system + MOSFET aluminum substrate auxiliary control system) uses an aluminum alloy casing with a black finish. The unit boasts a high level of waterproofing, dustproofing, and moisture resistance, achieving IP68 rating. It also exhibits strong anti-interference capabilities and high signal reliability and stability.

[0074] ③ The female socket on the main system board is a stainless steel spring-loaded 6-pin connector that is retractable. The maximum retraction distance (stroke) is 3.0mm. The pin shaft is nickel-plated or gold-plated, made of brass, with a working height of 8mm. The spring force at the normal working height is 40±10g. Operating characteristics: maximum voltage 12V, maximum current 1A, maximum static contact resistance 50mΩ. When the motor rotates, the spring-loaded 6-pin connector moves up and down in sync with the motor; the faster the motor speed, the faster the spring-loaded 6-pin connector moves up and down.

[0075] ④ Hall effect current-to-voltage conversion circuit, simple and efficient. Highly practical.

[0076] ⑤ It uses a high-performance bidirectional TVS diode, which is small in size, has high breakdown voltage, and high power.

[0077] ⑥ In terms of software, the Hall current signal undergoes multiple signal filtering processes to remove interference and noise. The comparison of Hall current data for each phase utilizes current data comparison and judgment under various complex conditions, along with comprehensive detection. For temperature acquisition data, mean square value processing, priority judgment processing, and Kalman filtering are employed.

[0078] ⑦ In terms of software programs, it also handles control interruptions, abnormal temperature conditions, and alarm signals.

[0079] Precautions for using the motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface include:

[0080] ① Hall effect sensors are used in multiple locations on mountain bikes. The locations where this invention uses them include: a) the brake at the handlebars;

[0081] b) Throttle brake lever at the vehicle's handlebars (for auxiliary braking);

[0082] c) Grip throttle adjustment at the handlebars of the vehicle;

[0083] d) Torque torque of the axle under the vehicle seat;

[0084] e) Cadence cadence / pedal speed and position of the axle under the vehicle seat;

[0085] f) Hall effect control and temperature acquisition of the motor under the vehicle seat.

[0086] ② Regarding the motor, the position and commutation of the motor are one of the important performance indicators for evaluating the riding of an electric bicycle. Determining the position of the motor ensures that the electric bicycle can obtain maximum power when in use.

[0087] ③ For traditional electric motors, commutation is achieved through three Hall effect latches spaced 120° apart around the rotor. Magnets mounted on the rotor shaft provide an alternating magnetic field, which is used to synchronize and control the rotating rotor. By increasing the ability to calculate the absolute angle of the rotor as it rotates, higher resolution can be provided, allowing for more accurate control of the motor's operation.

[0088] ④ Hall sensors are directional, some unidirectional and some bidirectional. When using them, pay attention to their polarity and direction. Low-speed Hall sensors should be used for low-speed motors, while high-speed Hall sensors should be used for high-speed and high-temperature motors. High-speed Hall sensors with latches also have several excellent features, including a wide operating voltage range, reverse power supply protection, output short-circuit protection, output current limiting, ultra-high magnetic sensitivity, and low noise.

[0089] ⑤ Hall effect sensors are available in both through-hole and surface-mount packaging, and the operating voltage can be selected as +5V or +3.3V. Different levels of magnetic sensitivity can be flexibly selected according to user needs. This invention uses the surface-mount type.

[0090] ⑥ The motor Hall temperature sensor does not have an EN enable terminal for control. If required by the user, a microcontroller control circuit with an EN enable terminal can be added.

[0091] ⑦ When the motor is running, the ambient temperature will fluctuate significantly; the faster it runs, the faster the temperature rises. During use, it is important to constantly monitor the temperature of the motor for any abnormalities and take appropriate measures to cool it down.

[0092] (II) Torque / Pedal Sensor Control Interface

[0093] The torque / pedal sensor control interface includes: a torque / pedal interface socket, a first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, a second TVS diode surge protection circuit, a first RC voltage filter circuit, and a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal. The torque / pedal interface socket is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, the second TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the first RC voltage filter circuit, respectively. The first RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal. The torque / pedal interface socket uses a 4-pin spring-loaded pin, which is exposed on the upper black potted surface of the PCB board.

[0094] like Figure 6As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the torque / pedal interface socket includes: pin J2-1 Torque terminal, pin J2-2 GND terminal, pin J2-3 VDD terminal, and pin J2-4 Cadence terminal. Pin J2-1 Torque terminal (torque) and pin J2-4 Cadence terminal (cadence) are used to receive external torque signals and pedal speed and position signals, respectively. Pin J2-2 GND terminal is connected to ground wire GND1, and pin J2-3 VDD terminal is connected to one end of inductor L1. The other end of inductor L1 is connected to the external +5V_EXT power supply circuit. The microcontroller voltage detection input terminals include: test point T6 (Torque torque), PB7 (Torque torque), test point T5 (Cadence cadence), and PC13 (Cadence cadence).

[0095] The first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit includes: capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4, a resettable surface-mount fuse F1, and diode D1. Capacitors C1 and C2 are connected in parallel, with one end connected to ground GND1 and the other end connected to the other end of inductor L1. Capacitors C3 and C4 are also connected in parallel, with one end connected to ground GND1 and the other end connected to the external 5V_EXT power supply. One end of the resettable surface-mount fuse F1 is connected to the other end of inductor L1 and the other end is connected to the cathode of diode D1. The anode of diode D1 is connected to the 5V_EXT external power supply voltage. The second TVS diode surge protection circuit includes: diodes TVS5 and TVS6. The first pin of diode TVS5 is connected to ground GND1, and the second pin is connected to the Torque terminal (J2-1) and test point T6. The first pin of diode TVS6 is connected to ground GND1, and the second pin is connected to the Cadence terminal (J2-4) and test point T5. The first RC voltage filter circuit includes: capacitor C8, capacitor C9, capacitor C10, resistor R7, resistor R8, and resistor R9. One end of capacitor C8 is connected to ground GND1, and the other end is connected to the VDD terminal of J1-4. One end of capacitor C9 is connected to ground GND1, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R7 and PC13. The other end of resistor R7 is connected to the Cadence terminal of J2-4 and the test point T5. One end of capacitor C10 is connected to ground GND1, and the other end is connected to PB7. One end of resistor R8 is connected to GND1, and the other end is connected to PC13. One end of resistor R9 is connected to the Torque terminal of J2-1, and the other end is connected to PB7.

[0096] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the signal transmission structure of the torque / pedal sensor control interface. In the diagram, CADENCE = pedal frequency, representing the pedal speed and position signal, and TORQUE = torque, representing the torque signal. The pedaling action is identified and the pedal speed, position, and torque signals are collected by the torque sensor and the pedal frequency monitor / position sensor. The collected signals are transmitted through the casing of this control interface to the interface adapter board, and then output to the microcontroller's detection input terminal through the female connector on the main system board.

[0097] Figure 6 This is the circuit diagram for the torque / pedal sensor control interface. The circuit diagram contains two signals, starting from the pedaling action of the electric bicycle and ending at the microcontroller's detection input. The first is the torque signal, which is transmitted via the Torque pin (J2-1) to T6, the TORQUE torque test point, and the TVS5 bidirectional surge protection diode, and then filtered through R9 and C10 before being input to the microcontroller's PB7 detection pin. The other is the cadence / pedal speed and position signal, which is transmitted via the Cadence pin (J2-4) to T5, the Cadence pedal test point, and the TVS6 bidirectional surge protection diode, and then filtered through R7, R8, and C9 before being input to the microcontroller's PC13 detection pin. The 5V_EXT power input filter circuit used is the same as the power input filter circuit used in the motor Hall / temperature sensor interface. L1 is a 22uH surface-mount vertical power inductor, measuring SMD4X4mm, which serves as both an energy storage and LC voltage filter.

[0098] The innovative design features of the torque / pedal sensor control interface include:

[0099] ① Structurally, the torque signal and the cadence / pedal speed and position signal are highly insulated and integrated into a single wiring harness. The wiring harness has a high waterproof, dustproof, and moisture-proof rating, reaching IP68.

[0100] ② The female connector on the main system board is a stainless steel spring-loaded 4-pin connector that is retractable. The maximum retraction distance (stroke) is 3.0mm. The pin shaft is nickel-plated or gold-plated, and the shaft material is brass. The working height is 8mm, and the spring force at the normal working height is 40±10g. Operating characteristics: maximum voltage 12V, maximum current 1A, maximum static contact resistance 50mΩ. When the foot pedal is pressed, the spring-loaded 4-pin connector moves up and down in sync with the pedal movement; the faster the pedal is turned, the faster the spring-loaded 4-pin connector moves up and down.

[0101] ③ It uses a high-performance bidirectional TVS diode, which is small in size, has high breakdown voltage, and high power.

[0102] ④ RC filter components are used to effectively filter out external low-frequency and high-frequency interference signals. ⑤ In the software program, multiple signal filtering processes are used for the torque / pedal speed and position voltage signals to filter out interference noise. The voltage data of the two signals are compared and judged under various complex conditions for comprehensive detection.

[0103] ⑥ In terms of software programming, abnormal handling of control interruption and alarm handling of torque signal are implemented.

[0104] ⑦ In terms of software, Kalman filtering and other data processing methods were used for torque data and cadence / pedal speed and position data.

[0105] Precautions for using the torque / pedal sensor control interface include:

[0106] ① On electric bicycles with assisted pedals, the system tracks the crankshaft's pedal speed. Cadence cadence / pedal speed and position signals are crucial performance indicators for electric bicycle riding. With Cadence detection functionality, it provides the microcontroller with information about the rider's riding status and can be used to calculate the rider's effort level. It's essential to ensure that the Cadence detection function is active before starting the motor.

[0107] ② Torque detection provides riders with a more natural riding response and experience. By monitoring the torque on the crankshaft, the electric bicycle can receive instantaneous feedback from the rider.

[0108] ③ In terms of software, through more intelligent control algorithms, the variable motor drive can be set according to human energy, which effectively and indirectly increases the rider's strength, making the riding response more stable and smooth.

[0109] ④ The greater the power of the electric motor, the greater the torque. Different torque levels should be used depending on the road conditions while riding.

[0110] ⑤ The torque signal and the cadence / pedal speed and position signal all use proportional linear Hall effect magnetic sensors.

[0111] ⑥ The torque / pedal sensor is not controlled by an EN enable terminal. If required by the user, a microcontroller with an EN enable terminal can be added for control.

[0112] (III) SPEED speed sensor control interface

[0113] The speed sensor control interface includes: a speed interface socket, a second RC voltage filter circuit and a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence, and a third TVS diode surge protection circuit. The second RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the third TVS diode surge protection circuit.

[0114] like Figure 8 As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the speed interface socket includes: a second input / output interface terminal; a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal including: PB5 terminal = SPEED = speed; test point T7 = SPEED = speed; a third TVS diode surge protection circuit including: a TVS7 diode; and a second RC voltage filter circuit including: a capacitor C11, a resistor R10, a resistor R11, and a resistor R12. One end of resistor R12 is connected to ground GND2, and the other end is connected to PB5 terminal. One end of capacitor C11 is connected to ground GND2, and the other end is connected to PB5 terminal and one end of resistor R11. The first pin of diode TVS7 is connected to ground GND2, and the second pin is connected to the other end of resistor R11 and one end of resistor R10. The other end of resistor R10 is connected to the second input / output interface terminal and the test point T7.

[0115] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the signal transmission relationship of the SPEED speed sensor control interface. In the diagram, SPEED = speed = wheel speed, representing the speed signal. A Hall effect switch on the front fork records the number of revolutions when the vehicle is moving (forward or reverse) or stationary, and the wheel rotates after the throttle is applied, to calculate the electric bicycle's speed. The collected speed signal is transmitted to an RC filter circuit through the control interface's housing and the main system board's input / output interface. After passing through the RC filter circuit, the signal is input to the microcontroller's detection terminal. The RC filter circuit is equipped with TVS surge protection.

[0116] Figure 8 This is the circuit diagram of the SPEED speed sensor control interface. In this circuit diagram, the SPEED speed signal is received from the input / output interface and transmitted to the test point T7. After passing through R10, R11, C11, and R12, it is transmitted to the microcontroller's input detection terminal PB5.

[0117] The innovative design features of the SPEED speed sensor control interface include:

[0118] ① Structurally, the signal from the SPEED speed sensor control interface is highly insulated from the general input / output interface and integrated onto a single control harness. The harness boasts a high level of waterproof, dustproof, and moisture-proof performance, reaching IP68 rating.

[0119] ② It uses a high-performance bidirectional TVS diode, which is small in size, has high breakdown voltage, and high power.

[0120] ③ RC filter components are used, which can effectively filter out external low-frequency and high-frequency interference signals.

[0121] ④ In terms of software, multiple signal filtering processes are used for the speed and voltage signals to filter out interference and noise. The signal and voltage data under various complex conditions are compared and compared for comprehensive detection.

[0122] ⑤ In terms of software programming, it includes handling abnormal control interruptions and alarm processing for speed signals.

[0123] ⑥ In terms of software, Kalman filtering and other data processing methods were used for the rotational speed data.

[0124] The following are precautions for using the SPEED speed sensor control interface:

[0125] ① The characteristics of a Hall switch are: 2D sensing output with planar and vertical Hall effect sensors; inherently orthogonal regardless of magnet alignment or pole spacing; wide operating voltage range: DC 2.5~38V; wide operating temperature range: -40~+125℃; and four protection features: wide reverse voltage protection (-20V), higher operating voltage (40V), output short circuit protection, and output current limiting.

[0126] ②The high magnetic sensitivity enables flexible and low-cost magnet selection and placement of mechanical structural components.

[0127] ③ The Hall effect switch on the front fork records the number of revolutions of the vehicle when the throttle is opened and the wheels rotate, in order to calculate the speed of the electric bicycle. When the vehicle is moving (forward or reverse) or stationary (the wheels do not rotate, which needs to be combined with the vehicle's position sensor information to determine whether the vehicle is moving or stationary), the system will record the number of revolutions of the vehicle when the throttle is opened and the wheels rotate.

[0128] ④ In terms of software, the maximum speed of the electric bicycle can be set by adjusting the riding speed to maintain a constant speed. This allows for timely feedback to the rider, improving user safety.

[0129] ⑤ Regardless of whether the vehicle is turning forward or backward, the Hall switch will calculate the speed in the same way. This is because the Hall switch will produce the same response to both forward and reverse rotation.

[0130] ⑥ If the user needs directional information for cycling, the direction can be determined by replacing a regular Hall switch with a Hall switch that has a 2D latch function and adding a magnet facing the opposite polarity. The 2D latch, in XY, YZ, and ZX variants, provides greater flexibility in alignment and magnet polarity.

[0131] ⑦ Speed ​​detection is a basic technical indicator for measuring the riding performance of electric bicycles. By detecting the speed, the user's riding experience can be improved.

[0132] (iv) Brake / Throttle Brake Sensor Control Interface

[0133] The brake / brake sensor control interface includes: a brake sensor control interface and a brake sensor control interface. The brake sensor control interface includes: a brake control interface socket, a fourth TVS diode surge protection circuit, and a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence. The brake sensor control interface includes: a brake control interface socket, a third RC voltage filter circuit, and a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence, as well as a fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit. The third RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit.

[0134] like Figure 10 As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the Brake control interface socket includes: a second input / output interface terminal; a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal including: PB12 terminal = Brake; a fourth TVS diode surge protection circuit including: a diode TVS9; and a brake sensor control interface including: resistors R16 and R17; one end of resistor R17 is connected to the second input / output interface terminal, and the other end is connected to the second pin of diode TVS9 and one end of resistor R16, the other end of resistor R16 is connected to PB12 terminal, and the first pin of diode TVS9 is connected to ground GND2.

[0135] like Figure 11 As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the Throttle brake control interface socket includes: a first input / output interface terminal; a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal including: PA5 terminal = Throttle brake; a fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit including: a TVS8 diode; a third RC voltage filter circuit including: a capacitor C12, a resistor R13, a resistor R14, and a resistor R15; one end of resistor R15 is connected to the first input / output interface terminal, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R14 and the second pin of the TVS8 diode; the other end of resistor R14 is connected to one end of resistor R13, one end of capacitor C12, and PA5 terminal; the other ends of resistor R13 and capacitor C12, and the first pin of the TVS8 diode are connected to ground GND2.

[0136] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the signal transmission structure of the Brake / Throttle sensor control interface. The Brake and Throttle sensors identify and collect Brake and Throttle braking actions, respectively. These signals are then output through the casing to the first and second input / output interfaces on the main system board. The Brake signal is sequentially input to an RC filter circuit, a TVS surge protection circuit, and finally to the microcontroller's detection terminal via the second input / output interface. Similarly, the Throttle signal is input to the microcontroller's detection terminal via the first input / output interface after passing through the TVS surge protection circuit. Note: The Brake and Throttle signals are two different signals and cannot be applied simultaneously to an electric bicycle.

[0137] Figure 10 This is the circuit diagram of the Brake sensor control interface. In this circuit diagram, the Brake signal is received from the second input / output interface and transmitted to R17 and R16, and then transmitted to the microcontroller's input detection terminal PB12 = Brake.

[0138] Figure 11 This is the circuit diagram of the Throttle brake sensor control interface. In this circuit diagram, the Throttle brake signal is received from the first input / output interface and transmitted to R15, R14, R13, and C12, and then transmitted to the microcontroller's input detection terminal PA5 = Throttle brake.

[0139] The innovative design features of the Brake / Throttle brake sensor control interface include:

[0140] ① Structurally, the Brake / Throttle brake sensor control interface signal is highly insulated from the general input / output interface and integrated onto a single control harness. The harness has a high waterproof, dustproof, and moisture-proof rating, reaching IP68. The Brake signal and Throttle signal are two different signals and cannot be used simultaneously on an electric bicycle.

[0141] ② It uses a high-performance bidirectional TVS diode, which is small in size, has high breakdown voltage, and high power.

[0142] ③ In terms of software program, interrupt priority processing is used for Brake / Throttle braking actions. Brake / Throttle braking signals are compared under various complex conditions, and voltage data is compared, judged, and comprehensively detected.

[0143] ④ In terms of software programs, there are exception handling procedures for control interruptions and alarm handling procedures for braking signals and brake signals.

[0144] ⑤ In terms of software, Kalman filtering and other data processing methods were used for braking signal data and brake signal data.

[0145] ⑥ Depending on the user's needs, the brake lever on the handlebars can be operated using a sensor with a 3D Hall effect, which can be achieved by measuring the angular position of a rotating magnet.

[0146] ⑦ Introduce a new testing method: Place a cylindrical magnet or a bar magnet on the spring plunger to achieve linear displacement. This displacement can be tracked using a 3D Hall effect sensor to more accurately measure braking / throttle action, improve the braking / throttle requirements of electric bicycles, and make the vehicle run more safely and stably.

[0147] ⑧ Depending on the user's needs, a regenerative braking function can also be selected. A more sophisticated electronic braking system can control when to use the electric motor for deceleration, or apply the mechanical brakes for faster braking and deceleration.

[0148] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the three-phase motor drive includes: an A-phase MOS drive circuit, a B-phase MOS drive circuit, and a C-phase MOS drive circuit;

[0149] The A-phase MOS drive circuit includes: an A-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper pillar, an A-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, an A-phase MOS drive chip, and an A-phase voltage detection output interface;

[0150] The B-phase MOS drive circuit includes: a B-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper pillar, a B-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, a B-phase MOS drive chip, and a B-phase voltage detection output interface;

[0151] The C-phase MOS drive circuit includes: a C-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper pillar, a C-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, a C-phase MOS drive chip, and a C-phase voltage detection output interface;

[0152] The A-phase MOS driver chip, B-phase MOS driver chip, and C-phase MOS driver chip are connected to the microcontroller's drive control output interface via corresponding copper pillars and sockets. The A-phase voltage detection output interface, B-phase voltage detection output interface, and C-phase voltage detection output interface are all connected to the microcontroller's A / D port. The drive connection between the microcontroller and the three-phase motor is mainly achieved through appropriate drive circuits and control signals. The microcontroller is responsible for issuing control signals, which are converted into suitable drive signals for the motor by the drive circuit, thereby controlling the motor's operation. In practical applications, the microcontroller can monitor the current of the three-phase motor in real time to ensure that the motor operates within a safe range. When the current is abnormal, an alarm can be triggered via a buzzer or display screen. It should be noted that the A-phase, B-phase, and C-phase in this article are defined in this utility model and correspond to the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase of the three-phase motor, respectively. Taking phase A as an example, the transmission process of the phase A Hall current signal is as follows: phase A Hall current signal → connecting cable → main control system board casing → main control system board first input and output socket → MOSFET drive → microcontroller precision voltage sampling → microcontroller A / D port. The same applies to phases B and C.

[0153] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the multiple communication modules include: a Bluetooth communication module and a CAN communication module; the Bluetooth communication module includes: a Bluetooth communication interface, a Bluetooth communication chip, and a Bluetooth RF antenna connected in sequence, with the Bluetooth communication interface connected to a microcontroller; the CAN communication module includes: a CAN communication interface and a CAN communication chip connected to each other, with the CAN communication chip connected to the microcontroller. The Bluetooth communication chip uses the cost-effective nRF52832 Bluetooth communication chip, the Bluetooth communication interface receives signals from the microcontroller, and the Bluetooth RF antenna outputs radio frequency signals. The CAN communication chip uses the cost-effective SIT1042AT / 3 CAN communication chip, with high-side and low-side impedance matching circuits, dual TVS diode surge protection, a CAN communication output interface, and a UART serial port output interface.

[0154] like Figure 2 As shown, both the first and second input / output interfaces include: a KEYLOCK key control port connected to the microcontroller, a B+ power supply voltage input port, a microcontroller programming port, a headlight illumination driver circuit, a taillight illumination driver circuit, a taillight license plate light negative control circuit, a universal USART serial port input / output interface, and a universal UART serial port input / output interface. The CAN communication interface and the first and second input / output interfaces are all equipped with corresponding TVS diode surge protection circuits.

[0155] The first and second input / output interfaces consist of the following parts: KEYLOCK (Car Key Control Terminal): KEYLOCK = car key signal, obtained through voltage division of the B+ power supply and control of the PC15 output of the microcontroller's PWM signal. B+ Power Supply Signal Output: Controlled by the enable terminal of the microcontroller's PWM signal, the PNP transistor and N-MOS transistor are switched on and off to supply the B+ power supply voltage. This is controlled by the switching of the PNP and N-MOS transistors and then output through the output interface wiring harness.

[0156] Programming Port: The microcontroller can be programmed online via the output interface wiring harness, enabling flexible and convenient modification and upgrades. It also includes headlight driving circuitry, taillight driving circuitry, rear license plate light negative control circuitry, general-purpose USART serial port input / output, and general-purpose UART serial port input / output.

[0157] like Figure 2 As shown in the embodiment of this utility model, the main control system further includes: multiple parallel high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter groups and an alarm circuit. The multiple parallel high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter groups include: a first high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, a second high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, a third high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, and a surface-mount high-voltage auxiliary capacitor group connected in parallel in sections, with one end of each parallel capacitor connected to the B+ terminal and the other end connected to the B- terminal = PGND ground.

[0158] The first high-voltage capacitor energy storage and filtering group includes four 220uF / 100V capacitors, with dimensions of D12.5XL16.5mm; the second high-voltage capacitor energy storage and filtering group includes four 120uF / 100V capacitors, with dimensions of D10.3XL16.5mm; the third high-voltage capacitor energy storage and filtering group includes three 47uF / 100V capacitors, with dimensions of D8XL12.5mm; the surface-mount high-voltage auxiliary capacitor group includes eight 0.47uF / 250V capacitors in SMD1210 packages; both the B+ and B- terminals are upright cylindrical copper pillars with surface-mount components, with a diameter of [missing information]. To prevent the black potting compound on the upper layer of the PCB from being exposed.

[0159] The main control system and control interface of this utility model embodiment have the following improvements and innovations:

[0160] 1) Continuous optimization and improvement of electronic hardware and software systems reduce costs, enhance system detection and control capabilities, and improve stability.

[0161] 2) It uses three phase current detection chips and detection circuits with higher cost performance, which can flexibly and conveniently select unidirectional current detection or bidirectional current detection according to the user's needs.

[0162] 3) The headlight lighting driver technology is used. Due to the large output current, the TX4130L power regulator chip and the power supply driver circuit with high current output capability are used.

[0163] 4) Taillight lighting drive technology was used, and the low-cost SY8501FCC power regulator chip and power supply drive circuit were reasonably selected.

[0164] 5) By using taillight control technology, the lighting of taillights becomes more intelligent.

[0165] 6) The reasonable layout of PCB components ensures the stability of electrical performance and has a high anti-interference capability.

[0166] 7) The total current flowing through the large phase lines (A phase + B phase + C phase) of this auxiliary system is designed using wide copper foil traces on the PCB board at the B+ and B- terminals. Ground coupling is achieved through a capacitor and ferrite bead connected in parallel to the power ground at the B- terminal, which can carry a large current. The PCB board components along the B+ and B- terminals are arranged in separate sections to improve the anti-interference capability of the main control system's control signals, thereby enhancing the stability of the main control system.

[0167] 8) Temperature control. Several hybrid control methods are used to simultaneously perform cooling.

[0168] ① High-precision NTC temperature sensing resistors are added at multiple connection points between the main control board (phase A / B / C) and the aluminum substrate of the MOSFET. Real-time temperature change data is transmitted to the main control system and then to external devices.

[0169] ② By rationally arranging PCB board components in different areas and distributing the current detection paths of each phase (A / B / C) evenly, the phase current of the three-phase motor can flow into the PCB board as evenly as possible, thus avoiding the phenomenon of excessive or insufficient operating current in each phase.

[0170] ③ The PCB board is a six-layer board with a reasonable component layout. The three sets of high-voltage energy storage and filtering capacitors, high-voltage auxiliary surface-mount capacitors, general-purpose input and output female sockets, and self-resetting fuse resistors are all on the back of the PCB board, while the rest are on the front of the PCB board.

[0171] ④ On the PCB board, the three three-phase drive detection chips are closely located on the A / B / C phase connection sockets of the main control board to the MOSFET auxiliary system.

[0172] ⑤ Copper cylindrical terminals for the positive and negative terminals of the power supply voltage (B+ and B-).

[0173] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0174] 1. Improve the drive efficiency of electric bicycle motors. In electric bicycles, the drive control of the electric motor plays a crucial role in overall performance. By using phase current drive detection technology, the operating status of the motor can be monitored in real time, accurately tracking current changes. This not only helps optimize the motor's drive strategy and improve its efficiency but also effectively avoids current overload and current imbalance, reducing motor losses. Phase current drive detection technology, by accurately measuring the current in each phase, can better balance the motor's load, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of electric bicycles under various complex conditions. For example, when climbing or accelerating, the main control system can automatically adjust and increase the drive current; when descending or decelerating, the main control system can automatically adjust and decrease the drive current, or utilize regenerative braking to convert kinetic energy into electrical energy, ensuring the motor remains in optimal operating condition, providing sufficient power output while avoiding losses and heat buildup caused by excessive instantaneous current.

[0175] 2. Optimized and improved electrical performance of various Hall sensors and control interfaces. By using a variety of Hall sensors and control interfaces, the electrical performance of mountain bikes (motor Hall current and temperature, torque / pedal speed and position, RPM, braking, headlight and taillight illumination drive, taillight license plate light, B+ power output, Bluetooth, CAN communication, UART serial communication, USART serial communication) has been greatly improved. These improvements to various new functions and technologies make riding more efficient and smoother for users.

[0176] 3. Enhance the user's riding experience. The user's riding experience is paramount in the design of electric bicycles. The integration of phase current drive detection and intelligent lighting drive systems not only provides smoother power output but also enables adaptive lighting adjustment in different environments, ensuring good visibility for the rider in various weather and lighting conditions, thus allowing for a more stable riding experience.

[0177] 4. Enhanced market competitiveness and technological leadership. Through the introduction of this new technology, the main control system has achieved significant improvements in performance, energy efficiency, temperature control and heat dissipation, reliability, and safety, establishing a leading technological image in the market. This not only strengthens the competitiveness of the company's product brand but also wins the company a larger market share.

[0178] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model. Various modifications and variations can be made to this utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces, characterized in that, The main control system includes: a microcontroller, a three-phase motor drive, a power supply, multiple sensor control interfaces, multiple communication modules, a first input / output interface, and a second input / output interface connected to the microcontroller; The various sensor control interfaces include: a motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface, a torque / pedal sensor control interface, a speed sensor control interface, and a brake / brake sensor control interface.

2. The main control system of the mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply includes a four-stage power supply: a main power supply circuit, a first branch power supply circuit, a second branch power supply circuit, and a third branch power supply circuit. The main power supply circuit is connected to the first branch power supply circuit and the second branch power supply circuit. The second branch power supply circuit is connected to the third branch power supply circuit. The third branch power supply circuit is connected to the microcontroller. The power supply also includes a positive power supply voltage terminal B+ and a negative power supply voltage terminal B-. The B+ terminal is connected to +72V voltage, and the B- terminal is connected to power ground. The main power supply circuit is a voltage regulator circuit that converts the +72V voltage at the B+ terminal to a 12V / 1A voltage; the first branch power supply circuit is a first external voltage regulator circuit that converts the 12V / 1A voltage to an external power supply voltage of +5V / 1A; the second branch power supply circuit is an internal voltage regulator circuit that converts the 12V / 1A voltage to an internal power supply voltage of +5V / 1A; and the third branch power supply circuit is an internal voltage regulator circuit that converts the internal power supply voltage of +5V / 1A to an internal power supply voltage of +3.3V / 0.5A.

3. The main control system of the mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces according to claim 2, characterized in that, The PCB board of the main control system has multiple test points, which are respectively connected to the control interface of the motor Hall / temperature sensor, the control interface of the torque / pedal sensor, the control interface of the speed sensor and the control interface of the brake / brake sensor; The motor Hall / temperature sensor control interface includes: a motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket, a first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, a first TVS diode surge protection circuit, a Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit, and a microcontroller voltage detection input terminal. The motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, the first TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit, respectively. The first TVS diode surge protection circuit and the Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit are both connected to the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal. The torque / pedal sensor control interface includes: a torque / pedal interface socket, a first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, a second TVS diode surge protection circuit, a first RC voltage filter circuit, and a single-chip microcomputer voltage detection input terminal. The torque / pedal interface socket is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit, the second TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the first RC voltage filter circuit. The first RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the single-chip microcomputer voltage detection input terminal. The speed sensor control interface includes: a speed interface socket, a second RC voltage filter circuit and a single-chip microcomputer voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence, and a third TVS tube surge protection circuit, wherein the second RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the third TVS tube surge protection circuit. The brake / brake sensor control interface includes: a brake sensor control interface and a brake sensor control interface. The brake sensor control interface includes: a brake control interface socket, a fourth TVS diode surge protection circuit, and the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence. The brake sensor control interface includes: a brake control interface socket, a third RC voltage filter circuit, and the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal connected in sequence, as well as a fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit. The third RC voltage filter circuit is connected to the fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit.

4. The main control system of the mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces according to claim 3, characterized in that, The motor Hall / temperature sensor interface socket includes: pin J1-1 (HALL1), pin J1-2 (HALL3), pin J1-3 (GND), pin J1-4 (VDD), pin J1-5 (HALL2), and pin J1-6 (M_TEMP). Pins J1-1 (HALL1), J1-5 (HALL2), and J1-2 (HALL3) are respectively used to receive the Hall signal HALL1 for phase A of the motor, the Hall signal HALL2 for phase B of the motor, and the Hall signal HALL3 for phase C of the motor. Pin J1-3 (GND) is connected to ground GND1. Pin J1-4 (VDD) is connected to the first external +5V power supply circuit. Pin J1-6 (M_TEMP) is used to receive the temperature signal. The microcontroller voltage detection input includes: pin PC4 (M_TEMP temperature detection), pin PC6 (HALL1), pin PC7 (HALL2), and pin PC8 (HALL3). The first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit includes: capacitor C1, capacitor C2, capacitor C3, capacitor C4, resettable surface mount fuse F1, and diode D1. Capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 are connected in parallel. One end of the parallel circuit of capacitor C1 and capacitor C2 is connected to ground GND1, and the other end is connected to the VDD terminal of pin J1-4. Capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 are connected in parallel. One end of the parallel circuit of capacitor C3 and capacitor C4 is connected to ground GND1, and the other end is connected to the +5V_EXT external power supply voltage. One end of the resettable surface mount fuse F1 is connected to the VDD terminal of pin J1-4, and the other end is connected to the cathode of diode D1. The anode of diode D1 is connected to the +5V_EXT external power supply voltage. The Hall current-to-voltage conversion circuit includes three parallel circuits: the first circuit consists of a capacitor C5, a resistor R1, and a resistor R2 connected in sequence; the second circuit consists of a capacitor C6, a resistor R3, and a resistor R4 connected in sequence; and the third circuit consists of a capacitor C7, a resistor R5, and a resistor R6 connected in sequence. One end of each capacitor in the three parallel circuits is connected to ground GND1, and one end of each resistor is connected to the 3.3V internal power supply voltage. Specifically, capacitor C5 and resistor R1 are connected to terminal PC6; resistor R1 and resistor R2 are connected to terminal HALL1 (J1-1); capacitor C6 and resistor R3 are connected to terminal PC7; resistor R3 and resistor R4 are connected to terminal HALL2 (J1-5); capacitor C7 and resistor R5 are connected to terminal PC8; and resistor R5 and resistor R6 are connected to terminal HALL3 (J1-2).

5. The main control system of the mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces according to claim 4, characterized in that, The torque / pedal interface socket includes: pin J2-1 (Torque), pin J2-2 (GND), pin J2-3 (VDD), and pin J2-4 (Cadence). Pin J2-1 (Torque) and pin J2-4 (Cadence) are used to receive external torque signals and pedal speed / position signals, respectively. Pin J2-2 (GND) is connected to ground wire GND1, and pin J2-3 (VDD) is connected to one end of inductor L1. The other end of inductor L1 is connected to the first external +5V_EXT power supply circuit. The microcontroller voltage detection input includes: test point T6 (Torque torque), pin PB7 (Torque torque), test point T5 (Cadence cadence), and pin PC13 (Cadence cadence). The second TVS surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS5 and diode TVS6. The first pin of diode TVS5 is connected to the ground GND1, and the second pin is connected to the Torque terminal of J2-1 and the test point T6. The first pin of diode TVS6 is connected to the ground GND1, and the second pin is connected to the Cadence terminal of J2-4 and the test point T5.

6. The main control system of the mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces according to claim 5, characterized in that, The speed interface socket includes: a second input / output interface terminal; the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal includes: PB5 terminal = speed, test point T7 = SPEED = speed; the third TVS diode surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS7; the second RC voltage filter circuit includes: capacitor C11, resistor R10, resistor R11, and resistor R12.

7. A main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on multiple sensor control interfaces according to claim 6, characterized in that, The braking control interface socket includes: a second input / output interface terminal; the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal includes: PB12 terminal = Brake = Braking; the fourth TVS diode surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS9; the braking sensor control interface also includes: resistor R16 and resistor R17; one end of resistor R17 is connected to the second input / output interface terminal, the other end is connected to the second pin of diode TVS9 and one end of resistor R16, the other end of resistor R16 is connected to the PB12 terminal, and the first pin of diode TVS9 is connected to the ground wire GND2; The brake control interface socket includes: a first input / output interface terminal; the microcontroller voltage detection input terminal includes: PA5 terminal = brake = Throttle; the fifth TVS diode surge protection circuit includes: diode TVS8; the third RC voltage filter circuit includes: capacitor C12, resistor R13, resistor R14, and resistor R15; one end of resistor R15 is connected to the first input / output interface terminal, and the other end is connected to one end of resistor R14 and the second pin of diode TVS8; the other end of resistor R14 is connected to one end of resistor R13; one end of capacitor C12 is connected to PA5 terminal; the other ends of resistor R13 and capacitor C12, and the first pin of diode TVS8 are connected to ground GND2.

8. A main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on a plurality of sensor control interfaces according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that, The three-phase motor drive includes: an A-phase MOS drive circuit, a B-phase MOS drive circuit, and a C-phase MOS drive circuit; The A-phase MOS driving circuit includes: an A-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper column, an A-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, an A-phase MOS driving chip, and an A-phase voltage detection output interface; The B-phase MOS driving circuit includes: a B-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper pillar, a B-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, a B-phase MOS driving chip, and a B-phase voltage detection output interface. The C-phase MOS driving circuit includes: a C-phase Hall signal input cylindrical copper pillar, a C-phase main system board and MOS tube aluminum substrate connection socket connected in sequence, a C-phase MOS driving chip, and a C-phase voltage detection output interface; The A-phase MOS driver chip, the B-phase MOS driver chip, and the C-phase MOS driver chip are respectively connected to the drive control output interface of the microcontroller through corresponding copper pillars and sockets. The A-phase voltage detection output interface, the B-phase voltage detection output interface, and the C-phase voltage detection output interface are all connected to the A / D port of the microcontroller.

9. A main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on a plurality of sensor control interfaces according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that, The plurality of communication modules include: a Bluetooth communication module and a CAN communication module; the Bluetooth communication module includes: an interconnected Bluetooth communication interface and a Bluetooth communication chip, the Bluetooth communication interface being connected to the microcontroller; the CAN communication module includes: an interconnected CAN communication interface and a CAN communication chip, the CAN communication chip being connected to the microcontroller; The first input / output interface and the second input / output interface include: a KEYLOCK car key control port connected to the microcontroller, a B+ power supply voltage signal input port, a microcontroller programming port, a headlight lighting drive circuit, a taillight lighting drive circuit, a tail license plate light negative control circuit, a general-purpose USART serial port input / output interface, and a general-purpose UART serial port input / output interface. The CAN communication interface, the first input / output interface, and the second input / output interface are all equipped with corresponding TVS diode surge protection circuits.

10. A main control system for a mountain electric bicycle based on a plurality of sensor control interfaces according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that, The main control system also includes: multiple parallel high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter groups and alarm circuits; The plurality of parallel high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter groups include: a first high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, a second high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, a third high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group connected in parallel in sections, and a surface-mount high-voltage auxiliary capacitor group. One end of the first high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, the second high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group, and the third high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group connected in parallel is connected to the B+ terminal = +72V, and the other end is connected to the B- terminal = PGND ground. The first high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group includes four 220uF / 100V capacitors with dimensions of D12.5XL16.5mm; the second high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group includes four 120uF / 100V capacitors with dimensions of D10.3XL16.5mm; the third high-voltage capacitor energy storage filter group includes three 47uF / 100V capacitors with dimensions of D8XL12.5mm; the surface-mount high-voltage auxiliary capacitor group includes eight 0.47uF / 250V capacitors in SMD1210 packages; both the B+ and B- terminals are upright cylindrical copper pillars with a diameter of Ø4.25mm, which do not expose the black potting surface on the upper layer of the PCB board.

Images