Fuel cell system and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of vehicles, and discloses a fuel cell system and a vehicle. The system comprises a straight-through proportional valve, a proportional valve assembly, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a hydrogen circulation loop, the hydrogen circulation loop comprises a hydrogen circulation pump and a controller, and the controller is in communication connection with the straight-through proportional valve, the proportional valve assembly, the ejector, the hydrogen circulation pump, the first pressure sensor and the second pressure sensor. According to the system disclosed by the utility model, the straight-through proportional valve, the proportional valve assembly, the hydrogen circulating pump and the ejector are controlled according to the hydrogen supply pressure and the hydrogen inlet pressure, so that the hydrogen inlet pressure of the gas inlet of the fuel cell stack meets the target pressure requirement, and various supply pressure conditions such as a gas hydrogen supply system and a liquid hydrogen supply system can be considered; the high-power working condition output requirement of a fuel cell system is met, the operation condition of a fuel cell stack is met, and stable and efficient work of a fuel cell is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of vehicle technology, and in particular to a fuel cell system and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Current fuel cell vehicles mainly use gaseous hydrogen storage systems. Gaseous hydrogen has a low energy density, while liquid hydrogen has a higher energy density and advantages such as efficient transportation and longer storage time.

[0003] In related technologies, when a proportional valve used in a high hydrogen supply pressure system is applied to a low hydrogen supply pressure system, the following situations arise: 1. Under high electrical density conditions in the fuel cell system, the opening of the original proportional valve becomes too large to meet the inlet pressure requirement of the ejector. 2. Even if the original proportional valve can meet the inlet pressure requirement of the ejector, the proportional valve needs to increase its opening to maintain this requirement. Compared to the original hydrogen supply system, the hydrogen flow rate of the proportional valve is smaller, potentially leading to a risk that the flow rate of the proportional valve may not be sufficient to meet the new hydrogen flow rate requirement. The operation of a proportional valve from a low hydrogen supply pressure system in a high hydrogen supply pressure system results in a reduced opening range for the proportional valve, increasing the difficulty of achieving accurate control of the proportional valve by the control system. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to provide a fuel cell system that controls a direct-flow proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector based on the hydrogen supply pressure and inlet hydrogen pressure. This ensures that the inlet hydrogen pressure at the fuel cell stack's inlet meets the target pressure requirement, accommodating various supply pressure scenarios such as gaseous hydrogen supply systems and liquid hydrogen supply systems. This satisfies the high-power output requirements of the fuel cell system, meets the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, and guarantees stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell.

[0005] The second objective of this utility model is to provide a vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this utility model provides a fuel cell system, comprising: a fuel cell stack; a direct-flow proportional valve, the inlet of which is connected to a hydrogen supply system, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack; a proportional valve assembly, the inlet of which is connected to the hydrogen supply system, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack via an ejector; a first pressure sensor, disposed at the outlet of the hydrogen supply system, for detecting the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply system; and a second pressure sensor, disposed at the outlet of the fuel cell stack. The system includes: a gas inlet for detecting the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack; a hydrogen circulation loop including a hydrogen circulation pump, with the fuel cell stack's exhaust port connected to the hydrogen circulation pump's inlet and the hydrogen circulation pump's outlet connected to the ejector's inlet; and a controller that communicates with a direct-acting proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, ejector, hydrogen circulation pump, first pressure sensor, and second pressure sensor, used to control the direct-acting proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector based on the hydrogen supply pressure and inlet hydrogen pressure, so that the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack meets the target pressure requirement.

[0007] In addition, the fuel cell system described above according to this utility model may also have the following additional technical features:

[0008] Furthermore, the aforementioned fuel cell system also includes a hydrogen circulation loop and a separator; the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack is connected to the inlet of the separator, and the outlet of the separator is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump.

[0009] Furthermore, the proportional valve assembly includes a first proportional valve and a second proportional valve, which are connected in parallel; the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve are different; the controller is used to control the opening of the first proportional valve or the second proportional valve according to the hydrogen supply pressure.

[0010] Furthermore, the proportional valve assembly includes a third proportional valve and a fourth proportional valve, which are connected in parallel; the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve are identical; the controller is used to simultaneously control the opening of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve or simultaneously control the closing of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve according to the hydrogen supply pressure.

[0011] Furthermore, the aforementioned fuel cell system also includes a hydrogen heat exchanger and a hydrogen shut-off valve; the outlet of the hydrogen supply system is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger, and the outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of the direct proportional valve and the inlet of the proportional valve assembly; the hydrogen shut-off valve is located between the outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger and the inlet of the direct proportional valve and the inlet of the proportional valve assembly.

[0012] Specifically, the separator also includes a drain outlet and a nitrogen vent outlet; the drain outlet is connected to the external environment through a drain valve, and the nitrogen vent outlet is connected to the external environment through a nitrogen vent valve. The drain outlet is used to discharge wastewater and water vapor discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack, and the nitrogen vent outlet is used to discharge nitrogen gas discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack.

[0013] Furthermore, the controller is also used to control the opening degree of the first proportional valve or the second proportional valve according to the hydrogen inlet pressure.

[0014] Furthermore, the controller is also used to simultaneously control the opening degree of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve according to the hydrogen inlet pressure.

[0015] The fuel cell system according to this utility model includes: a fuel cell stack; a direct-flow proportional valve, the inlet of which is connected to a hydrogen supply system, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack; a proportional valve assembly, the inlet of which is connected to the hydrogen supply system, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack via an ejector; a first pressure sensor, disposed at the outlet of the hydrogen supply system, for detecting the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply system; and a second pressure sensor, disposed at the inlet of the fuel cell stack, for detecting... The system controls the hydrogen inlet pressure at the fuel cell stack's inlet; it includes a hydrogen circulation loop, comprising a hydrogen circulation pump, with the fuel cell stack's exhaust port connected to the pump's inlet and the pump's outlet connected to the ejector's inlet; and a controller, communicatively connected to a direct-acting proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, ejector, hydrogen circulation pump, first pressure sensor, and second pressure sensor. The controller controls these components based on the hydrogen supply and inlet pressures to ensure the fuel cell stack's inlet hydrogen pressure meets the target pressure requirement. Thus, by controlling the direct-acting proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector according to the hydrogen supply and inlet pressures, this system ensures the fuel cell stack's inlet hydrogen pressure meets the target pressure requirement. This approach accommodates various supply pressure scenarios, including both gaseous and liquid hydrogen supply systems, meeting the high-power output requirements of the fuel cell system, satisfying the fuel cell stack's operating conditions, and ensuring stable and efficient fuel cell operation.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of this utility model provides a vehicle including the aforementioned fuel cell system.

[0017] According to the present invention, the vehicle utilizes the aforementioned fuel cell system to control a direct proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector based on the hydrogen supply pressure and inlet hydrogen pressure. This ensures that the inlet hydrogen pressure at the fuel cell stack's inlet meets the target pressure requirement, accommodating both gaseous and liquid hydrogen supply systems. This satisfies the high-power output requirements of the fuel cell system, meets the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, and guarantees stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell.

[0018] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a fuel cell system according to some embodiments of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a block diagram of a vehicle according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0022] 100 - Fuel cell system, A13 - Fuel cell stack, A6 - Straight-through proportional valve, A7 - Proportional valve assembly, A4 - First pressure sensor, A11 - Second pressure sensor, A16 - Third pressure sensor, A5 - First temperature sensor, A12 - Second temperature sensor, A15 - Third temperature sensor, A10 - Hydrogen circulation pump, A9 - Ejector, A14 - Separator, A18 - Drain valve, A19 - Nitrogen venting valve, A2 - Hydrogen heat exchanger, A3 - Hydrogen shut-off valve, A1 - Hydrogen supply system, A20 - Controller, and 700 - Vehicle. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0024] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this utility model should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in the embodiments of this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0025] As mentioned in the background section, current fuel cell vehicles primarily utilize gaseous hydrogen storage systems. Gaseous hydrogen has a low energy density, while liquid hydrogen boasts a higher energy density and advantages such as efficient transportation and longer storage time. The supply pressure of a liquid hydrogen storage system differs significantly from that of a gaseous hydrogen storage system. While this allows the fuel cell stack to operate at low power levels, under high power conditions, the ejector's required pressure exceeds the liquid hydrogen supply pressure, rendering the ejector inoperable. Therefore, a liquid hydrogen supply system cannot achieve high-power output from the fuel cell.

[0026] In the process of developing this utility model, the applicant discovered that in related technologies, when a proportional valve used in a high hydrogen supply pressure system is used in a low hydrogen supply pressure system, the following situations arise: 1. Under high electrical density conditions in the fuel cell system, the opening of the original proportional valve becomes too large to meet the inlet pressure requirement of the ejector, indicating that the original proportional valve is unsuitable and will result in a lack of high-power operation of the ejector. 2. Even if the original proportional valve can meet the inlet pressure requirement of the ejector, the proportional valve needs to increase its opening to maintain the inlet pressure requirement. Compared to the original hydrogen supply system, the hydrogen supply flow rate of the proportional valve is smaller, which may lead to the risk that the flow rate of the proportional valve is insufficient to meet the new hydrogen flow rate requirement. The operation of a proportional valve from a low hydrogen supply pressure system in a high hydrogen supply pressure system results in a reduced opening range for the proportional valve, increasing the difficulty of accurate control of the proportional valve by the control system.

[0027] Therefore, when a high-pressure adaptive proportional valve is used in a low hydrogen supply pressure system, the proportional valve opening range increases and the control accuracy improves, but it may not meet the ejector front-end pressure requirements and system flow requirements of the low hydrogen supply pressure system; when a low-pressure adaptive proportional valve is used in a high hydrogen supply pressure system, the proportional valve opening range will be reduced and the control accuracy will be decreased.

[0028] Therefore, this utility model controls the direct proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector according to the hydrogen supply pressure and the hydrogen inlet pressure, so that the hydrogen inlet pressure at the gas inlet of the fuel cell stack meets the target pressure requirement. It can accommodate multiple supply pressure situations, such as gaseous hydrogen supply system and liquid hydrogen supply system, meet the high power output requirements of fuel cell system, meet the operating conditions of fuel cell stack, and ensure stable and efficient operation of fuel cell.

[0029] The fuel cell system and vehicle proposed in the embodiments of this utility model are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] refer to Figure 1 This is a block diagram of a fuel cell system according to some embodiments of the present invention.

[0031] The fuel cell system 100 of this utility model includes a fuel cell stack A13, a direct proportional valve A6, a proportional valve assembly A7, a first pressure sensor A4, a second pressure sensor A11, a hydrogen circulation loop, and a controller A20.

[0032] The inlet of the direct proportional valve A6 is connected to the hydrogen supply system A1, and the outlet of the direct proportional valve A6 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0033] The inlet of the proportional valve assembly A7 is connected to the hydrogen supply system A1, and the outlet of the proportional valve assembly A7 is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack A13 via the ejector A9.

[0034] The first pressure sensor A4 is installed at the outlet of the hydrogen supply system A1. The first pressure sensor A4 is connected to the inlet of the proportional valve assembly A7 and the inlet of the direct proportional valve A6. It is used to detect the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply system A1, so as to control the proportional valve assembly A7 and the direct proportional valve A6 to open or close according to the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply system A1.

[0035] The second pressure sensor A11 is installed at the inlet of the fuel cell stack A13 to detect the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack A13, so as to adjust the opening of the proportional valve assembly A7 or the direct proportional valve A6 according to the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0036] The hydrogen circulation loop includes a hydrogen circulation pump A10. The exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump A10, and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump A10 is connected to the inlet of the ejector A9. The hydrogen circulation pump A10 is used to recirculate unreacted hydrogen from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack back to the inlet of the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing hydrogen waste and improving hydrogen utilization.

[0037] The controller A20 is communicatively connected to the direct proportional valve A6, the proportional valve assembly A7, the ejector A9, the hydrogen circulation pump A10, the first pressure sensor A4, and the second pressure sensor A11. It is used to control the direct proportional valve A6, the proportional valve assembly A7, the hydrogen circulation pump A10, and the ejector A9 according to the hydrogen supply pressure and the hydrogen inlet pressure, so that the hydrogen inlet pressure at the gas inlet of the fuel cell stack A13 meets the target pressure requirement.

[0038] Controller A20 is also used to control the opening degree of the first proportional valve or the second proportional valve according to the hydrogen inlet pressure of the hydrogen supply system A1. Controller A20 is also used to adjust the opening degree of the first proportional valve or the second proportional valve according to the target pressure requirement of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0039] As a specific embodiment, controller A20 is also used to simultaneously control the opening degrees of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve according to the hydrogen inlet pressure of the hydrogen supply system A1. Controller A20 is also used to simultaneously adjust the opening degrees of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve according to the target pressure requirement of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0040] The hydrogen circulation loop also includes a separator A14. The exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13 is connected to the inlet of the separator A14, and the outlet of the separator A14 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump A10. The separation pump is used to separate different components in the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0041] The separator A14 also includes a drain outlet and a nitrogen discharge outlet. The drain outlet is connected to the external environment through a drain valve A18, and the nitrogen discharge outlet is connected to the external environment through a nitrogen discharge valve A19. The drain outlet is used to discharge the wastewater and water vapor discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13, and the nitrogen discharge outlet is used to discharge the nitrogen gas discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0042] The proportional valve assembly A7 includes a first proportional valve and a second proportional valve, which are connected in parallel. The first proportional valve and the second proportional valve are different. The controller A20 is used to control the opening of the first proportional valve or the second proportional valve according to the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply system A1. For example, when the hydrogen supply pressure is high, only the first proportional valve is controlled to open; when the hydrogen supply pressure is low, only the second proportional valve is controlled to open.

[0043] As a specific embodiment, the proportional valve assembly A7 includes a third proportional valve and a fourth proportional valve, which are connected in parallel and are identical. The controller A20 is used to simultaneously control the opening of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve or simultaneously control the closing of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve according to the hydrogen supply pressure. For example, when the hydrogen supply pressure is low, the controller simultaneously controls the opening of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve.

[0044] The fuel cell system 100 also includes a hydrogen heat exchanger A2 and a hydrogen shut-off valve A3. The outlet of the hydrogen supply system A1 is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger A2. The outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger A2 is connected to the inlet of the direct-connect proportional valve A6 and the inlet of the proportional valve assembly A7. The hydrogen heat exchanger A2 is used to heat the hydrogen to the reaction temperature required by the fuel cell, reducing cold start time and extending the service life of the fuel cell. The hydrogen shut-off valve A3 is located between the outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger A2 and the inlet of the direct-connect proportional valve A6 and the proportional valve assembly A7. The hydrogen shut-off valve A3 is used to quickly cut off the hydrogen supply in an emergency to prevent hydrogen leakage and thus avoid potential fire or explosion accidents.

[0045] The fuel cell system 100 also includes a third pressure sensor A16, which is disposed at the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13 and is used to detect the pressure of the mixture discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0046] The fuel cell system 100 also includes a first temperature sensor A5, a second temperature sensor A12, and a third temperature sensor A15. The first temperature sensor A5 is located at the outlet of the hydrogen supply system A1 and is connected to a first pressure sensor A4. The first temperature sensor A5 is used to detect the hydrogen supply temperature of the hydrogen supply system A1. The second temperature sensor A12 is located at the inlet of the fuel cell stack A13 and is connected to a second pressure sensor A11. The second temperature sensor A12 is used to detect the hydrogen inlet temperature at the inlet of the fuel cell stack A13. The third temperature sensor A15 is located at the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13 and is connected to a third pressure sensor A16. The third temperature sensor A15 is used to detect the temperature of the mixture discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack A13.

[0047] Therefore, the fuel cell system 100 of this utility model includes a fuel cell stack A13, a direct proportional valve A6, a proportional valve assembly A7 (a first proportional valve and a second proportional valve or a third proportional valve and a fourth proportional valve), a first pressure sensor A4, a second pressure sensor A11, a third pressure sensor A16, a first temperature sensor A5, a second temperature sensor A12, a third temperature sensor A15, a hydrogen circulation pump A10, an ejector A9, a separator A14, a hydrogen heat exchanger A2, a hydrogen shut-off valve A3, a drain valve A18, a nitrogen venting valve A19, a hydrogen supply system A1, and a controller A20.

[0048] Hydrogen from the hydrogen supply system A1 first enters the hydrogen heat exchanger A2 and the hydrogen shut-off valve A3. Then, the first pressure sensor A4 detects the hydrogen pressure and sends the detected pressure to the controller A20. The controller A20 controls the opening or closing of the proportional valve assembly A7 and the direct proportional valve A6 based on the pressure. When the proportional valve assembly A7 is open and the direct proportional valve A6 is closed, hydrogen enters the proportional valve assembly A7 and the ejector A9. The second pressure sensor A11 detects the pressure of the hydrogen exiting through the ejector A9. If the pressure of the hydrogen exiting the ejector A9 meets the target pressure requirement of the fuel cell stack A13, it indicates that the opening of the proportional valve assembly A7 is adjusted correctly and no further adjustment is needed. If the pressure of the hydrogen exiting the ejector A9 does not meet the target pressure requirement of the fuel cell stack A13, it indicates that the opening of the proportional valve assembly A7 is not properly adjusted and further adjustment is needed to ensure that the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack A13 meets the target pressure requirement. When the proportional valve assembly A7 is closed and the direct proportional valve A6 is open, hydrogen enters the direct proportional valve A6. The second pressure sensor A11 detects the pressure of the hydrogen exiting the direct proportional valve A6. If the pressure of the hydrogen exiting the direct proportional valve A6 meets the target pressure requirement of the fuel cell stack A13, it indicates that the opening of the direct proportional valve A6 is adjusted correctly and no further adjustment is needed. If the pressure of the hydrogen exiting the direct proportional valve A6 does not meet the target pressure requirement of the fuel cell stack A13, it indicates that the opening of the direct proportional valve A6 is not properly adjusted and further adjustment is needed to ensure that the hydrogen inlet pressure of the fuel cell stack A13 meets the target pressure requirement.

[0049] Then, the wastewater and water vapor discharged from the exhaust port of fuel cell stack A13 are discharged into the external environment through drain valve A18, and the nitrogen discharged from the exhaust port of fuel cell stack A13 is discharged into the external environment through nitrogen venting valve A19.

[0050] In summary, the fuel cell system according to the embodiments of this utility model includes: a fuel cell stack; a direct-flow proportional valve, the inlet of which is connected to a hydrogen supply system, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack; a proportional valve assembly, the inlet of which is connected to the hydrogen supply system, and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack via an ejector; a first pressure sensor, disposed at the outlet of the hydrogen supply system, for detecting the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply system; and a second pressure sensor, disposed at the inlet of the fuel cell stack. This system is used to detect the hydrogen inlet pressure at the fuel cell stack's inlet; a hydrogen circulation loop, including a hydrogen circulation pump, with the fuel cell stack's exhaust port connected to the pump's inlet and the pump's outlet connected to the ejector's inlet; and a controller, communicatively connected to a direct-acting proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, ejector, hydrogen circulation pump, first pressure sensor, and second pressure sensor. The controller controls the direct-acting proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector based on the hydrogen supply and inlet pressures to ensure the fuel cell stack's inlet hydrogen pressure meets the target pressure requirement. Therefore, this system, by controlling the direct-acting proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector based on the hydrogen supply and inlet pressures, ensures the fuel cell stack's inlet hydrogen pressure meets the target pressure requirement. This accommodates various supply pressure scenarios, including both gaseous and liquid hydrogen supply systems, meeting the high-power output requirements of the fuel cell system, satisfying the fuel cell stack's operating conditions, and ensuring stable and efficient fuel cell operation.

[0051] Based on the same utility model concept, such as Figure 2 As shown, corresponding to the system of any of the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a vehicle 700, including the above-described fuel cell system 100.

[0052] According to the vehicle of this utility model embodiment, the fuel cell system described above controls the direct proportional valve, proportional valve assembly, hydrogen circulation pump, and ejector based on the hydrogen supply pressure and the hydrogen inlet pressure, so that the hydrogen inlet pressure at the fuel cell stack meets the target pressure requirement. This system can accommodate multiple supply pressures, including both gaseous and liquid hydrogen supply systems, thus meeting the high-power output requirements of the fuel cell system, satisfying the operating conditions of the fuel cell stack, and ensuring stable and efficient operation of the fuel cell.

[0053] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in the embodiments of this utility model should have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar words used in the embodiments of this utility model do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word covers the element or object listed after the word and its equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are only used to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0054] While the spirit and principles of this invention have been described with reference to several specific embodiments, it should be understood that this invention is not limited to the disclosed specific embodiments, and the division of aspects does not imply that features in these aspects cannot be combined for benefit; such division is merely for ease of description. This invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The scope of the appended claims is to be interpreted in the broadest sense, thereby encompassing all such modifications and equivalent structures and functions.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system, characterized in that, include: Fuel cell stack (A13); A direct proportional valve (A6) is provided, with its inlet connected to the hydrogen supply system (A1) and its outlet connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack (A13). A proportional valve assembly (A7) is provided, the inlet of which is connected to the hydrogen supply system (A1), and the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the fuel cell stack (A13) via an ejector (A9). The first pressure sensor (A4) is disposed at the outlet of the hydrogen supply system (A1) and is used to detect the hydrogen supply pressure of the hydrogen supply system (A1). The second pressure sensor (A11) is disposed at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack (A13) and is used to detect the hydrogen inlet pressure at the air inlet of the fuel cell stack (A13). A hydrogen circulation loop, the hydrogen circulation loop including a hydrogen circulation pump (A10), the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack (A13) being connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (A10), and the outlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (A10) being connected to the inlet of the ejector (A9). A controller (A20), which is communicatively connected to the direct proportional valve (A6), the proportional valve assembly (A7), the ejector (A9), the hydrogen circulation pump (A10), the first pressure sensor (A4), and the second pressure sensor (A11), is used to control the direct proportional valve (A6), the proportional valve assembly (A7), the hydrogen circulation pump (A10), and the ejector (A9) according to the hydrogen supply pressure and the hydrogen inlet pressure, so that the hydrogen inlet pressure at the inlet of the fuel cell stack (A13) meets the target pressure requirement.

2. The fuel cell system of claim 1, wherein It also includes a hydrogen circulation loop and a separator (A14); The exhaust port of the fuel cell stack (A13) is connected to the inlet of the separator (A14), and the outlet of the separator (A14) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen circulation pump (A10).

3. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein The proportional valve assembly (A7) includes a first proportional valve and a second proportional valve, wherein the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve are connected in parallel; the first proportional valve and the second proportional valve are different. The controller (A20) is used to control the opening of the first proportional valve or the second proportional valve according to the hydrogen supply pressure.

4. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein The proportional valve assembly (A7) includes a third proportional valve and a fourth proportional valve, wherein the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve are connected in parallel; the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve are identical. The controller (A20) is used to simultaneously control the opening of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve or simultaneously control the closing of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve according to the hydrogen supply pressure.

5. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein It also includes a hydrogen heat exchanger (A2) and a hydrogen shut-off valve (A3); The outlet of the hydrogen supply system (A1) is connected to the inlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger (A2), and the outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger (A2) is connected to the inlet of the direct proportional valve (A6) and the inlet of the proportional valve assembly (A7). The hydrogen shut-off valve (A3) is located between the outlet of the hydrogen heat exchanger (A2), the inlet of the direct proportional valve (A6), and the inlet of the proportional valve assembly (A7).

6. The fuel cell system of claim 2, wherein The separator (A14) also includes a drain outlet and a nitrogen discharge outlet; The drain outlet is connected to the external environment through a drain valve (A18), and the nitrogen discharge outlet is connected to the external environment through a nitrogen discharge valve (A19). The drain outlet is used to discharge wastewater and water vapor discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack (A13), and the nitrogen discharge outlet is used to discharge nitrogen gas discharged from the exhaust port of the fuel cell stack (A13).

7. The fuel cell system of claim 3, wherein The controller (A20) is also used to control the opening degree of the first proportional valve or the second proportional valve according to the hydrogen inlet pressure.

8. The fuel cell system of claim 4, wherein The controller (A20) is also used to simultaneously control the opening degree of the third proportional valve and the fourth proportional valve according to the hydrogen inlet pressure.

9. A vehicle characterized by comprising: Including the fuel cell system as described in any one of claims 1-8.

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