High-hardness cutter head for mudstone stratum
By setting an elastic reset structure on the TBM cutterhead chute and adjusting the size of the chute, the problems of low slag discharge efficiency and blockage mud cake caused by fixed scrapers were solved, achieving efficient slag discharge.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SINOHYRDO ENG BUREAU 3 CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-24
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the scrapers installed on the slag chute of the TBM cutterhead are fixed, resulting in low slag discharge efficiency and easy blockage and mud cake problems.
Through holes and scraper sleeves are provided in the cavity of the slag chute, combined with an elastic reset structure, including a moving plate, a reset spring and a limiting plate. The moving plate cooperates with the scraper sleeve, and the size of the slag chute is adjusted through the elastic reset structure to avoid clogging and mud cake formation.
It effectively improved the slag removal efficiency, avoided the formation of blockages and mud cakes, and ensured the smooth discharge of slag.
Smart Images
Figure CN224161715U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations is used for tunneling in mudstone and sandstone formations, belonging to the field of high-hardness cutterhead technology. Background Technology
[0002] TBMs are large-scale excavation machines widely used in the construction of highways, railways, water conservancy projects, and urban subways. Hard rock TBMs are suitable for tunneling in hard rock formations, such as cutting rocks and sandstone, and are typically equipped with cutters and cutterheads. Soft soil TBMs are suitable for soft soil formations, such as mud and sand, and typically use buckets or screw conveyors for excavation. Hybrid shield TBMs are suitable for formations with alternating hard and soft soil, combining the characteristics of hard rock and soft soil TBMs.
[0003] The cutterhead is the front end of the TBM. It rotates, and its cutting tools cut the ground, propelling the tunnel forward. The cutterhead is equipped with muck discharge ports to help move excavated material from the cutting surface to the muck conveying system behind the cutterhead.
[0004] However, the existing technology has the following technical problems with the slag chute on the side block of the TBM cutterhead:
[0005] The scraper installed on the chute is fixed. The scraper will reduce the size of the chute, which can easily lead to reduced muck removal efficiency, blockage of holes and formation of mud cakes during the tunneling process. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations, which solves the problem that in the prior art, the scraper set on the chute is fixed, which makes the chute smaller, and during the tunneling process, it is easy to reduce the efficiency of slag removal, and cause problems such as hole blockage and mud cake formation.
[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:
[0008] A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations includes a central block, side blocks that cooperate with the central block, roller cutters set on the central block and side blocks, a chute set on the side blocks, and scrapers set on the chute, located on any one or both sides of the chute. A cavity is provided on the side block, located on one side of the chute. A through hole is provided on the cavity, and a scraper sleeve is provided on the through hole and fitted outside the corresponding scraper. An elastic reset structure that cooperates with the scraper is provided in the cavity. At least one scraper on any one or both sides of the chute cooperates with the elastic reset structure, and the scraper sleeve extends out of the through hole.
[0009] The elastic reset structure includes a movable plate connected to the corresponding scraper, a reset spring connected to the movable plate, and a limiting plate connected to all the reset springs and disposed in the cavity.
[0010] Furthermore, the movable plate has an I-shaped structure, including two horizontal plates and a vertical plate connecting the two horizontal plates;
[0011] The elastic reset structure also includes a protective box disposed in the cavity. The protective box is provided with a sliding hole that cooperates with the vertical plate of the moving plate. The limiting plate and the reset spring are disposed in the protective box.
[0012] Furthermore, an I-shaped sealing ring is fitted onto the moving plate.
[0013] Furthermore, the limiting plate is located in the middle of the protective box, and a limiting hole is provided on the limiting plate corresponding to the reset spring;
[0014] Located on the opposite side of the return spring, a cylinder is installed in the protective box. The cylinder is equipped with a telescopic rod that passes through the limiting hole and the return spring, cooperates with the moving plate, and limits the movement of the moving plate and the return spring.
[0015] Furthermore, a rubber pad is provided on the telescopic rod at the end that mates with the moving plate.
[0016] Furthermore, the thickness of the scraper sleeve increases from one side to the opposite side of the slag chute.
[0017] Furthermore, the cavity is a horizontal cavity parallel to the horizontal plane; or
[0018] The cavity is an inclined cavity, and the scraper sleeve is inclinedly arranged on the cavity.
[0019] Furthermore, a scraper extending into a slag chute is fixedly installed on the cavity.
[0020] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:
[0021] I. This utility model provides a cavity at the slag chute of the side block, with through holes and a scraper sleeve on the cavity. A scraper is slidably mounted on the scraper sleeve and cooperates with the elastic reset structure inside the cavity. When a large amount of slag squeezes the scraper (such as when the slag discharge chute is located below), the moving plate is compressed by the force and the reset spring contracts towards the limiting plate, thereby increasing the size of the slag chute. This can effectively avoid problems such as low slag discharge efficiency, clogging of holes, and formation of mud cakes. When the slag discharge chute is not located below, the corresponding slag discharge amount will be greatly reduced, and the squeezing force on the scraper will also be reduced. The reset spring will push the moving plate to reset and guide the slag discharge. The scraper on the moving plate and the scraper sleeve slide together, and the mud and sand on the scraper will be scraped off by the scraper sleeve to avoid the accumulation of slag on the scraper and affecting the scraper's guidance of slag discharge.
[0022] 2. The present invention sets the moving plate as an I-shaped structure, which facilitates its limited sliding in the scraper sleeve in cooperation with the elastic reset structure. The purpose of setting the protective box is to protect the reset spring and avoid the residue from getting stuck in the reset spring, which would affect the reciprocating motion of the scraper.
[0023] Third, this utility model has an I-shaped sealing ring fitted on the moving plate to facilitate the sliding of the moving plate with the protective box in a sealed manner, so as to effectively prevent slag from entering the protective box;
[0024] IV. The present invention provides a cylinder and a telescopic rod in the protective box. The purpose is to limit or restrict the sliding distance of the moving plate on the protective box after the telescopic rod is extended or shortened, thereby adjusting the size of the slag chute and effectively avoiding problems such as reduced slag discharge efficiency, blockage, and mud cake formation.
[0025] V. The purpose of setting the rubber pad on the telescopic rod in this utility model is to prevent the moving plate from sliding to one side of the telescopic rod, causing collisions and easy wear.
[0026] VI. The cavity in this utility model is configured as a horizontal cavity or an inclined cavity according to the angle at which the scraper is set on the side plate, and is not limited by installation.
[0027] VII. This utility model also provides a fixed scraper on the cavity, which is beneficial for effectively scraping away slag when the scraper in contact with the moving plate cannot extend out of the slag chute. Attached Figure Description
[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this utility model and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side block located at the slag chute position in this utility model;
[0030] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cavity structure of this utility model;
[0031] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the scraper and the elastic reset structure cooperate in this utility model;
[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protective box with a limiting plate in this utility model;
[0033] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Partial sectional view;
[0034] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the portion of the elastic reset structure that mates with the scraper sleeve in this utility model.
[0035] Figure 7 for Figure 2 Partial sectional view;
[0036] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Partial sectional view;
[0037] In the diagram: 1-scraper, 2-cavity, 3-through hole, 4-scraper sleeve, 5-elastic reset structure, 6-moving plate, 7-reset spring, 8-limiting plate, 9-horizontal plate, 10-vertical plate, 11-protective box, 12-sliding hole, 13-I-shaped sealing ring, 14-limiting hole, 15-cylinder, 16-telescopic rod, 17-rubber pad. Detailed Implementation
[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0039] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
[0040] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that if terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" appear to indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the utility model product is in use, they are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.
[0041] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used only for distinguishing descriptions and should not be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0042] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "horizontal," "vertical," and "suspended" does not imply that the component must be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but rather that it can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" simply means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical," and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.
[0043] In the description of this utility model, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "set," "install," "connect," and "link" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0044] It should be noted that, where there is no conflict, the features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.
[0045] Example 1
[0046] To address the issue that in existing technologies, the scrapers installed on the muck chute are fixed, which reduces the size of the chute and can lead to reduced muck removal efficiency, blockages, and mud cake formation during tunneling. For example... Figure 1-6 As shown, a high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations is provided, comprising a central block, side blocks that cooperate with the central block, and roller cutters (the central block, side blocks, and roller cutters are existing and not shown in the figure) set on the central block and side blocks, a chute set on the side blocks, and scrapers 1 set on the chute, located on any one or both sides of the chute. A cavity 2 is provided on one side of the chute, and a through hole 3 is provided on the cavity 2. A scraper sleeve 4 is provided on the through hole 3 and sleeved outside the corresponding scraper 1. An elastic reset structure 5 that cooperates with the scraper 1 is provided inside the cavity 2. At least one scraper 1 on any one or both sides of the chute cooperates with the elastic reset structure 5, and the scraper sleeve 4 extends out of the through hole 3. The elastic reset structure 5 includes a moving plate 6 connected to the corresponding scraper 1, a reset spring 7 connected to the moving plate 6, and a limiting plate 8 connected to all the reset springs 7 and set inside the cavity 2. Figure 1 The diagram shown is of one side of the slag chute. The actual installation location may be on one or both sides of the slag chute depending on specific requirements. The compression force or reset force of the return spring 7 is selected based on actual needs, and the materials of other structures are also selected based on practical requirements.
[0047] In practice, when using a TBM cutterhead for tunneling in mudstone and sandstone formations, when the muck chute is below, the debris crushed by the TBM cutterhead will significantly compress the scraper. The moving plate, under pressure, will compress the return spring and contract towards the limit plate, thereby increasing the size of the muck chute. This effectively avoids problems such as low muck removal efficiency, hole blockage, and mud cake formation. When the muck chute is not below, the corresponding muck removal volume will be greatly reduced, and the compressive force on the scraper will also decrease. The return spring will reset and push the moving plate to reset for muck removal guidance. The scraper on the moving plate slides in coordination with the scraper sleeve, and the mud and sand on the scraper will be scraped off by the scraper sleeve to prevent debris from accumulating on the scraper and affecting the scraper's muck removal guidance.
[0048] Example 2
[0049] Based on Embodiment 1, the moving plate 6 is an I-shaped structure, including two horizontal plates 9 and a vertical plate 10 connecting the two horizontal plates 9; the elastic reset structure 5 also includes a protective box 11 disposed in the cavity 2, the protective box 11 is provided with a sliding hole 12 that slides with the vertical plate 10 of the moving plate 6, and the limiting plate 8 and the reset spring 7 are disposed in the protective box 11.
[0050] In practice, when the scraper is subjected to compressive force, it can not only slide in conjunction with the scraper sleeve, but also be limited in sliding by the moving plate and the protective box. This not only limits the maximum sliding distance of the scraper, but also prevents deviation during sliding. In this embodiment, the moving plate is set as an I-shaped structure, which facilitates limited sliding within the scraper sleeve in conjunction with the elastic reset structure. The purpose of setting up the protective box is also to protect the reset spring, so as to prevent the residue from getting stuck in the reset spring and affecting the reciprocating motion of the scraper.
[0051] Example 3
[0052] Based on Embodiment 2, an I-shaped sealing ring 13 is fitted on the moving plate 6. The purpose of fitting the I-shaped sealing ring on the moving plate is to facilitate the moving plate to slide in a sealed manner with the protective box, so as to effectively prevent slag from entering the protective box.
[0053] Example 4
[0054] Based on embodiment 3, the limiting plate 8 is set in the middle of the protective box 11 and corresponding to the return spring 7. The limiting plate 8 is provided with a limiting hole 14. On the opposite side of the return spring 7, the protective box 11 is provided with a cylinder 15. The cylinder 15 is provided with a telescopic rod 16 that passes through the limiting hole 14 and the return spring 7 and cooperates with the moving plate 6 to limit the moving plate 6 and the return spring 7.
[0055] In practice, the cylinder 15 is connected to an external power source via a perforation on the protective box. By controlling the cylinder 15, the telescopic rod 16 is extended or retracted to a designated position. For example, by limiting the sliding engagement of the moving plate 6 with the protective box, the sliding engagement of the scraper and the scraper sleeve can be limited. The distance between the moving plate 6 and the protective box is limited to 1cm or 2cm, which limits the corresponding sliding distance of the scraper and the scraper sleeve. In this embodiment, the cylinder and telescopic rod are installed in the protective box to limit or restrict the sliding distance of the moving plate on the protective box after the telescopic rod is extended or shortened. This allows for adjustment of the size of the slag chute, effectively preventing problems such as reduced slag discharge efficiency, clogging, and mud cake formation.
[0056] Example 5
[0057] Based on embodiment 4, a rubber pad 17 is provided on the telescopic rod 16 at the end that mates with the moving plate 6. Since the telescopic rod is separately set from the moving plate, when the telescopic rod limits the sliding distance of the moving plate, the purpose of providing a rubber pad on the telescopic rod is to prevent the moving plate from sliding to one side of the telescopic rod and causing collisions and wear.
[0058] Example 6
[0059] Based on Example 5, the thickness of the scraper sleeve 4 gradually increases from one side of the slag chute to the opposite side. This is to facilitate the scraping of slag off the scraper by the thinner scraper sleeve 4 when the scraper slides towards the cavity, and to achieve effective scraping.
[0060] Example 7
[0061] Based on Embodiment 6, the cavity 2 is a horizontal cavity parallel to the horizontal plane; or the cavity 2 is an inclined cavity, with the scraper sleeve 4 inclinedly disposed on the cavity 2, the inclination angle being set according to actual needs, such as... Figure 7 , Figure 8 The diagram shows an inclined cavity. The cavity can be configured as a horizontal cavity or an inclined cavity, depending on the angle at which the scraper is positioned on the side plate, and is not limited by installation specifications.
[0062] Example 8
[0063] Based on embodiment 7, a scraper 1 extending into a slag chute is fixedly provided on the cavity 2. The fixed scraper on the cavity facilitates the effective scraping of slag when the scraper in contact with the moving plate cannot extend into the slag chute.
Claims
1. A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations, comprising a central block, side blocks that cooperate with the central block, roller cutters disposed on the central block and the side blocks, a chute disposed on the side blocks, and scrapers disposed on the chute (1), characterized in that: Located on any side or both sides of the slag chute, a cavity (2) is provided on the side block. Located on one side of the slag chute, a through hole (3) is provided on the cavity (2). A scraper sleeve (4) is provided on the through hole (3) and sleeved outside the corresponding scraper (1). An elastic reset structure (5) that cooperates with the scraper (1) is provided inside the cavity (2). At least one scraper (1) on any side or both sides of the slag chute cooperates with the elastic reset structure (5). The scraper sleeve (4) extends out of the through hole (3). The elastic reset structure (5) includes a movable plate (6) connected to the corresponding scraper (1), a reset spring (7) connected to the movable plate (6), and a limiting plate (8) connected to all the reset springs (7) and disposed in the cavity (2).
2. The high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable plate (6) is an I-shaped structure, including two horizontal plates (9) and a vertical plate (10) connecting the two horizontal plates (9). The elastic reset structure (5) also includes a protective box (11) disposed in the cavity (2). The protective box (11) is provided with a sliding hole (12) that slides and cooperates with the vertical plate (10) of the moving plate (6). The limiting plate (8) and the reset spring (7) are disposed in the protective box (11).
3. A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations according to claim 2, characterized in that: The moving plate (6) is fitted with an I-shaped sealing ring (13).
4. A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting plate (8) is located in the middle of the protective box (11) and at the location corresponding to the reset spring (7). The limiting plate (8) is provided with a limiting hole (14). On the opposite side of the return spring (7), a cylinder (15) is provided in the protective box (11). A telescopic rod (16) is provided on the cylinder (15) to pass through the limit hole (14) and the return spring (7) and cooperate with the moving plate (6) to limit the moving plate (6) and the return spring (7).
5. A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations according to claim 4, characterized in that: A rubber pad (17) is provided on the telescopic rod (16) at the end that mates with the moving plate (6).
6. A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Located on one side of the slag chute to the opposite side, the thickness of the scraper sleeve (4) increases from thin to thick.
7. A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cavity (2) is a horizontal cavity parallel to the horizontal plane; or The cavity (2) is an inclined cavity, and the scraper sleeve (4) is inclinedly arranged on the cavity (2).
8. A high-hardness cutterhead for mudstone and sandstone formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A scraper (1) extending into a slag chute is fixedly installed on the cavity (2).