Fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range
By incorporating a rotating shaft and adjusting disc within the fuel injector to regulate the fuel supply and diffusion range, the problem of existing fuel injectors being unable to adapt to different operating conditions is solved, thus achieving efficient fuel combustion.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SICHUAN BORUI ZHONGKONG TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-24
AI Technical Summary
Existing centrifugal fuel nozzles cannot control the fuel supply and diffusion range, resulting in unsuitable diffusion angles of fuel sprayed into the combustion chamber at different speeds and sailing conditions, which affects fuel combustion efficiency.
By setting a rotating shaft inside the housing of the fuel nozzle, it is divided into a first chamber and a second chamber. The fuel supply and diffusion range can be adjusted by connecting the flow passage on the regulating plate with the swirling channel on the swirler. The rotating shaft drives the regulating plate to change the connection diameter between the flow passage and the swirling channel to meet the needs of different working conditions.
It enables the adjustment of fuel supply and diffusion range according to the operating status of the aero-engine, ensuring proper fuel spraying in the combustion chamber and improving combustion efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224162585U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of engine fuel nozzles, specifically relating to a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range. Background Technology
[0002] The function of the fuel injector is to inject fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine, so that the fuel and air in the combustion chamber can be fully mixed and burned to produce power.
[0003] Centrifugal fuel nozzles are one of the most commonly used fuel nozzles on aircraft engines. They utilize a swirler to spray fuel into the combustion chamber in a centrifugal swirling motion, resulting in excellent combustion efficiency. However, in actual aircraft engine operation, the required engine speed varies depending on the flight speed and flight conditions, thus affecting the required fuel supply. Furthermore, changes in fuel supply also affect the final diffusion angle of the fuel sprayed into the combustion chamber, impacting the final combustion efficiency. Clearly, existing centrifugal fuel nozzles lack the capability to regulate both the fuel supply and the fuel diffusion range.
[0004] Therefore, in view of the above-mentioned defects of existing centrifugal fuel nozzles for aviation, this utility model discloses a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range. Utility Model Content
[0005] This utility model discloses a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range, which can adjust the fuel supply and the diffusion range of fuel sprayed into the combustion chamber according to the fuel supply requirements of the aero-engine under different operating conditions, thereby ensuring a suitable fuel supply for the aero-engine and ensuring that the fuel has excellent combustion efficiency.
[0006] This utility model is achieved through the following technical solution:
[0007] An adjustable diffusion range fuel nozzle includes a housing. A swirler and a nozzle are disposed at the outlet end of the housing. A rotating shaft is coaxially disposed inside the housing corresponding to the swirler, dividing the interior of the housing into a first chamber and a second chamber. An adjusting disc is disposed at the end of the rotating shaft near the swirler. The adjusting disc has several flow holes arranged along circumferential paths of different diameters. The swirler has swirling channels with different swirling diameters corresponding to the flow holes along the different circumferential paths. The outlet end of each swirling channel corresponds to the nozzle. Both the first and second chambers have fuel inlets at their inlets, and the outlet ends of both chambers are connected to the inlet end of the adjusting disc.
[0008] Fuel is supplied to the regulating disc either solely by the first chamber or simultaneously by both the first and second chambers. When the first chamber supplies fuel alone, it addresses low fuel demand; when both chambers work together, it addresses high fuel demand. During fuel supply to the regulating disc, a rotating shaft drives the disc to rotate, connecting the flow holes on different circumferential paths on the disc with the swirling channels on different circumferential paths on the swirler. The larger the diameter of the circumferential path, the wider the diffusion range of the fuel sprayed through the swirling channel; conversely, the smaller the diameter, the smaller the diffusion range. This achieves different fuel supply quantities and diffusion ranges to the engine, ensuring that fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber at an appropriate supply rate and diffusion range, guaranteeing complete combustion.
[0009] To better realize this utility model, a partition ring is further provided on the outside of the rotating shaft. The partition ring divides the interior of the outer shell into a first cavity and a second cavity. Several connecting channels are arranged on the partition ring along the circumferential direction. The second cavity is connected to the first cavity through the connecting channels.
[0010] To better realize this utility model, the interior of the connecting channel is further provided with a one-way lobe.
[0011] To better realize this utility model, the interior of the shell is further provided with an oil collecting cavity at one end near the hydrocyclone. The first cavity and the second cavity are both connected to the inlet end of the oil collecting cavity, and an adjustment disc is provided at the outlet end of the oil collecting cavity.
[0012] To better realize this utility model, both the first cavity and the second cavity are provided with pressure relief ports.
[0013] To better realize this utility model, further, the hydrocyclone is provided with a plurality of first swirling channels circumferentially arranged along the first circumferential path, and the hydrocyclone is provided with a plurality of second swirling channels circumferentially arranged along the second circumferential path. The diameter of the first circumferential path is smaller than the diameter of the second circumferential path, and the swirling diameter of the first swirling channel is smaller than the swirling diameter of the second swirling channel.
[0014] To better realize this utility model, the outer shell further includes a first shell and a second shell that are assembled together, and a labyrinth tooth sealing structure and a sealing ring are provided on the mating surface of the first shell and the second shell.
[0015] To better realize this utility model, the second shell is further provided with an inner liner, the inner liner is rotatably provided with a rotating shaft, and a sealing ring is provided between the inner liner and the first shell.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0017] (1) This utility model divides the interior of the outer shell into a first cavity and a second cavity by setting a rotating shaft inside the outer shell, and supplies oil to the nozzle through the first cavity alone or through the first cavity and the second cavity in combination, thereby meeting the different oil requirements of the aero-engine under different working conditions and working states.
[0018] (2) This utility model sets flow holes along circumferential paths of different diameters on the adjusting plate and sets swirling channels along circumferential paths of different diameters on the swirler. The adjusting plate is rotated by the rotating shaft, so that the flow holes on different circumferential paths are connected to the swirling channels on different circumferential paths respectively. When the swirling channel on the smaller diameter circumferential path is connected, the fuel can be sprayed out in a smaller range. When the swirling channel on the larger diameter circumferential path is connected, the fuel can be sprayed out in a larger range. Thus, the fuel can be sprayed into the combustion chamber with an appropriate diffusion range according to the different working requirements of the aero-engine, and finally ensure that the fuel has excellent combustion efficiency. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range;
[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the outer casing assembly;
[0021] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged view of a portion at point A;
[0022] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the swirling channel on a hydrocyclone;
[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the flow passage on the regulating plate.
[0024] Wherein: 1-outer shell; 2-swirler; 3-nozzle; 4-rotating shaft; 5-adjusting disc; 11-first shell; 12-second shell; 13-inner liner; 14-sealing ring; 41-separating ring; 42-connecting flow channel; 43-one-way flap; 51-flow hole; 100-first cavity; 200-second cavity; 300-oil collecting cavity; 211-first swirling channel; 212-second swirling channel. Detailed Implementation
[0025] Example 1:
[0026] This embodiment provides a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, the device includes a housing 1. A cyclone separator 2 and a nozzle 3 are provided at the outlet of the housing 1. A rotating shaft 4 is coaxially arranged inside the housing 1 corresponding to the cyclone separator 2, dividing the interior of the housing 1 into a first cavity 100 and a second cavity 200. An adjusting disc 5 is provided at the end of the rotating shaft 4 near the cyclone separator 2. The adjusting disc 5 has several flow holes 51 arranged along circumferential paths of different diameters. The cyclone separator 2 has swirl channels with different swirl diameters corresponding to the flow holes 51 on different circumferential paths. The outlet of the swirl channels corresponds to the nozzle 3. Oil inlets are provided at the inlets of both the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200, and the outlets of both the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200 are connected to the inlet of the adjusting disc 5.
[0027] There are two fuel supply methods inside the outer casing 1:
[0028] The first method addresses the low fuel demand under low engine speed conditions. In this case, fuel is supplied to the first chamber 100 through the fuel inlet, while the fuel inlet of the second chamber 200 is closed. That is, fuel is supplied to the regulating plate 5 only through the first chamber 100. At the same time, the regulating plate 5 is rotated by the rotating shaft 4, causing the flow holes 51 on the smaller diameter circumferential path of the regulating plate 5 to rotate until they are aligned and connected with the swirling channels on the smaller diameter circumferential path of the swirler 2. As a result, the fuel eventually swirls through the swirling channels on the smaller diameter circumferential path to the nozzle 3, meaning that the diffusion range of the fuel swirling spray is smaller.
[0029] The second method addresses the high fuel demand under high engine speed conditions. In this case, fuel is supplied to the first chamber 100 and the second chamber 200 through the fuel inlet. That is, more fuel is supplied to the regulating plate 5 simultaneously through the first chamber 100 and the second chamber 200. At the same time, the regulating plate 5 is rotated by the rotating shaft 4, so that the flow hole 51 on the larger diameter circumferential path on the regulating plate 5 rotates to be aligned and connected with the swirling channel on the larger diameter circumferential path on the swirler 2. As a result, the fuel finally swirls through the swirling channel on the larger diameter circumferential path to the nozzle 3, that is, the diffusion range of the fuel swirling spray is larger.
[0030] Example 2:
[0031] This embodiment discloses a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range, which is further optimized based on Embodiment 1, such as... Figure 3 As shown, a partition ring 41 is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft 4. The partition ring 41 divides the interior of the outer shell 1 into a first cavity 100 and a second cavity 200. A plurality of connecting channels 42 are arranged on the partition ring 41 along the circumferential direction. The second cavity 200 is connected to the first cavity 100 through the connecting channels 42.
[0032] By fitting a partition ring 41 around the rotating shaft 4, the internal cavity of the outer casing 1 is divided into a first cavity 100 and a second cavity 200. Simultaneously, the outer ring surface of the partition ring 41 slides against the inner wall of the outer casing 1, supporting the rotating shaft 4 and making the rotation of the adjusting disc 5 more stable. Several connecting channels 42 are arranged circumferentially on the partition ring 41, connecting the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200. Under high fuel demand, fuel in the second cavity 200 enters the first cavity 100 through the connecting channels 42, working together with the fuel originally inside the first cavity 100 to supply the adjusting disc 5. This coordinated fuel supply from the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200 ensures high fuel demand while also dispersing oil pressure, preventing excessive oil pressure within any single cavity.
[0033] Furthermore, the interior of the connecting channel 42 is provided with a one-way lobe 43, which is made of silicone rubber material. By setting the one-way lobe 43, it is ensured that the fuel inside the second cavity 200 can only flow in the direction from the second cavity 200 to the first cavity 100, thus avoiding fuel backflow.
[0034] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1, so they will not be described again.
[0035] Example 3:
[0036] This embodiment discloses a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range, which is further optimized based on the above embodiment 1 or 2, such as... Figure 1 As shown, an oil collecting chamber 300 is provided inside the housing 1 near the hydrocyclone 2. The first chamber 100 and the second chamber 200 are both connected to the inlet of the oil collecting chamber 300. An adjusting plate 5 is provided at the outlet of the oil collecting chamber 300.
[0037] Fuel from the first chamber 100 or fuel from both the first chamber 100 and the second chamber 200 enters the oil collecting chamber 300 for collection and is then transported to the regulating plate 5 through the outlet of the oil collecting chamber 300. The fuel is then fed into the swirl channels on different circumferential paths through the flow holes 51 on the regulating plate 5.
[0038] Furthermore, both the first cavity 100 and the second cavity 200 are provided with pressure relief ports, and pressure relief pipelines with pressure relief valves are connected to the pressure relief ports for emergency pressure relief when the oil pressure inside the cavity exceeds the standard, thereby ensuring the safety of the entire fuel injector system.
[0039] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as those in Embodiment 1 or 2 above, so they will not be described again.
[0040] Example 4:
[0041] This embodiment discloses a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range, which is further optimized based on any one of embodiments 1-3 above, such as... Figure 4 As shown, a plurality of first swirling channels 211 are arranged circumferentially along a first circumferential path on the hydrocyclone 2, and a plurality of second swirling channels 212 are arranged circumferentially along a second circumferential path on the hydrocyclone 2. The diameter of the first circumferential path is smaller than the diameter of the second circumferential path, and the swirling diameter of the first swirling channel 211 is smaller than the swirling diameter of the second swirling channel 212.
[0042] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, several first swirl channels 211 are arranged along a first circumferential path with a smaller diameter, and several second swirl channels 212 are arranged along a second circumferential path with a larger diameter. Simultaneously, the adjusting disk 5 is provided with a first set of flow holes 51 corresponding to the inlet of the first swirl channel 211 along the first circumferential path, and a second set of flow holes 51 corresponding to the inlet of the second swirl channel 212 along the second circumferential path. The adjusting disk 5 is rotated by the rotating shaft 4. When the first set of flow holes 51 is connected to the inlet of the first swirl channel 211, the second set of flow holes 51 is disconnected from the inlet of the second swirl channel 212. At this time, fuel can swirl through the first swirl channel 211 to the nozzle 3, and then be sprayed out with a smaller diffusion range. When the second set of flow holes 51 is connected to the inlet of the second swirl channel 212, the first set of flow holes 51 is disconnected from the inlet of the first swirl channel 211. At this time, fuel can swirl through the second swirl channel 212 to the nozzle 3, and then be sprayed out with a larger diffusion range.
[0043] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-3 above, so they will not be described again.
[0044] Example 5:
[0045] This embodiment discloses a fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range, which is further optimized based on any one of embodiments 1-4 above, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the outer casing 1 includes a first casing 11 and a second casing 12 that are joined together. A labyrinthine tooth sealing structure and a sealing ring are provided on the mating surfaces of the first casing 11 and the second casing 12. The first casing 11 and the second casing 12 are joined together by connecting bolts to form an integral outer casing structure. To ensure the sealing performance of the first casing 11 and the second casing 12 after assembly, a labyrinthine tooth sealing structure and a sealing ring are provided on the mating surfaces of the first casing 11 and the second casing 12, thereby effectively preventing fuel leakage inside the outer casing 1.
[0046] Furthermore, the second shell 12 is provided with an inner liner 13, and a rotating shaft 4 is rotatably provided inside the inner liner 13. A sealing ring 14 is provided between the inner liner 13 and the first shell 11.
[0047] The outer surface of the inner liner 13 mates with the inner surface of the first shell 11 and the inner surface of the second shell 12. The inner surface of the inner liner 13 mates with the outer ring surface of the partition ring 41. The inner liner 13 provides support, ensuring the stable rotation of the partition ring 41 and the rotating shaft 4. After prolonged use, it is only necessary to disassemble the first shell 11 and the second shell 12, and then remove and replace the worn inner liner 13. A flange is provided on the outer surface of the inner liner 13. A sealing ring 14 is provided between the upper end face of the flange and the bottom surface of the first shell 11, and the flange presses the sealing ring 14 tightly, further ensuring the sealing of the interior of the outer shell 1.
[0048] The other parts of this embodiment are the same as any one of the embodiments 1-4 above, so they will not be described again.
[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model in any way. Any simple modifications or equivalent changes made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present utility model shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.
Claims
1. A fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range, comprising a housing (1), wherein a swirler (2) and a nozzle (3) are provided at the outlet end of the housing (1), characterized in that, The interior of the outer shell (1) is coaxially provided with a rotating shaft (4) corresponding to the hydrocyclone (2), and the rotating shaft (4) divides the interior of the outer shell (1) into a first cavity (100) and a second cavity (200). An adjusting plate (5) is provided at one end of the rotating shaft (4) near the hydrocyclone (2). Several flow holes (51) are arranged on the adjusting plate (5) along the circumferential path of different diameters. The hydrocyclone (2) is provided with swirling channels of different swirling diameters corresponding to the flow holes (51) on different circumferential paths. The outlet of the swirling channel is provided with a nozzle (3). The inlet of the first cavity (100) and the second cavity (200) are both provided with oil inlets. The outlet of the first cavity (100) and the second cavity (200) are both connected to the inlet of the adjusting plate (5).
2. The fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft (4) is provided with a partition ring (41) on its outside. The partition ring (41) divides the interior of the outer shell (1) into a first cavity (100) and a second cavity (200). A plurality of connecting channels (42) are arranged on the partition ring (41) along the circumferential direction. The second cavity (200) is connected to the first cavity (100) through the connecting channels (42).
3. The fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range according to claim 2, characterized in that, The interior of the connecting channel (42) is provided with a one-way lobe (43).
4. A fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, An oil collecting chamber (300) is provided inside the outer shell (1) near the hydrocyclone (2). The first chamber (100) and the second chamber (200) are both connected to the inlet of the oil collecting chamber (300). An adjusting plate (5) is provided at the outlet of the oil collecting chamber (300).
5. A fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the first cavity (100) and the second cavity (200) are provided with pressure relief ports.
6. A fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The hydrocyclone (2) is provided with a plurality of first swirling channels (211) along the first circumferential path and a plurality of second swirling channels (212) along the second circumferential path. The diameter of the first circumferential path is smaller than the diameter of the second circumferential path, and the swirling diameter of the first swirling channel (211) is smaller than the swirling diameter of the second swirling channel (212).
7. A fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The outer shell (1) includes a first shell (11) and a second shell (12) that are joined together. A labyrinth tooth sealing structure and a sealing ring are provided on the joint surfaces of the first shell (11) and the second shell (12).
8. A fuel nozzle with adjustable diffusion range according to claim 7, characterized in that, The second shell (12) is provided with an inner liner (13), and the inner liner (13) is provided with a rotating shaft (4) for rotation. A sealing ring (14) is provided between the inner liner (13) and the first shell (11).