River biological membrane
By laying a river biofilm composed of pebbles, limestone gravel, and clinoptilolite at the bottom of the river, the problem of insufficient hydrodynamic force after dredging was solved, achieving continuous purification and ecological restoration of the river water and enhancing the water body's self-purification capacity.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GUANGDONG POLYTECHNIC OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ENG
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for treating black and odorous water bodies suffer from insufficient water dynamics after dredging, leading to sludge accumulation. Hardening measures also impact the ecosystem, resulting in a lack of sustainable and effective treatment methods.
Design a river biofilm comprising a first porous structure layer and a second porous structure layer. The first layer is composed of pebbles, and the second layer is a mixture of limestone gravel, volcanic rock, and clinoptilolite. This biofilm is designed to be laid on the bottom of a dredged riverbed to provide a microbial living environment and enhance the water body's self-purification capacity through the synergistic effects of physical interception, chemical regulation, and biodegradation.
It achieves efficient and sustainable purification of river water, improves water quality, enhances ecosystem stability, avoids sludge accumulation, reduces heavy metal toxicity, promotes microbial degradation of organic matter and pollutants, and improves water transparency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224172598U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of river water purification technology, and in particular to a river biofilm. Background Technology
[0002] Black and odorous water bodies refer to water bodies that have turned black and emitted a foul odor due to pollution, representing a serious water pollution problem. The determination of black and odorous water bodies is primarily based on public sensory perception (such as abnormal color and pungent odor), supplemented by water quality monitoring. Based on their distribution area, they can be divided into urban and rural black and odorous water bodies. As a prominent ecological and environmental problem, black and odorous water bodies directly affect public health and daily life. In terms of remediation, black and odorous water bodies are generally treated through source control and pollution interception, dredging, and ecological restoration to improve water quality. However, current improvements in water environment quality remain unbalanced and uncoordinated. Therefore, people are paying increasing attention to the remediation of black and odorous water bodies, continuously researching and seeking ways to effectively improve water quality.
[0003] The sources of pollution in black and odorous water bodies are mainly divided into endogenous pollution and exogenous pollution. Endogenous pollution refers to pollutants accumulated in sediments (such as bottom mud) within the water body, which, under specific conditions (such as increased temperature or water disturbance), can be released back into the water, causing secondary pollution. Long-term pollution leads to the accumulation of pollutants such as organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus in the bottom mud, which decompose under anaerobic conditions to produce malodorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. To solve this problem, dredging is generally the first method used to treat black and odorous water bodies.
[0004] However, even after dredging, the hydrodynamic conditions remain unchanged, and insufficient hydrodynamic flow can lead to further sludge accumulation. Therefore, some rivers undergo further hardening measures after black and odorous water treatment. While hardening solves the sludge accumulation problem, it impacts the entire river's ecosystem, making it a crude solution with more severe secondary problems. Thus, neither neglecting further measures after dredging nor employing a method of dredging followed by hardening is a long-term or optimal approach to treating black and odorous water. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a new technological solution for more sustainable and effective treatment of black and odorous water bodies and to improve the water pollution situation in rivers. Utility Model Content
[0005] This invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, this invention proposes a river biofilm that can continuously and effectively treat the problem of black and odorous water in rivers and improve the self-purification capacity of the water in the river.
[0006] This utility model provides a river biofilm for laying on the bottom of a dredged river. The river biofilm has a length along the extension direction of the river, and the upper surface of the river biofilm is alternately concave and convex along the length direction of the river biofilm. The river biofilm includes a first porous structure layer and a second porous structure layer laid from top to bottom. The second porous structure layer has a lower surface adapted to the river bottom. The first porous structure layer is composed of multiple pebbles, and the second porous structure layer is composed of a mixture of multiple limestone gravel, multiple volcanic rocks, and multiple clinoptilolite.
[0007] The river biofilm according to the embodiments of this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects: After the river dredging work is completed, a river biofilm is set along the extension direction of the river. First, a second porous structure layer is laid at the bottom of the river, and then a first porous structure layer is laid. Since the first porous structure layer is placed on top of the second porous structure layer, and the first porous structure layer is composed of multiple pebbles, while the second porous structure layer is composed of a mixture of multiple limestone gravel, multiple volcanic rocks, and multiple clinoptilolite, the biofilm achieved by setting the first and second porous structure layers... The porous structure layer provides a favorable living environment for microbial attachment and enhances the adsorption and biodegradation linkage effect through volcanic rock and clinoptilolite. At the same time, limestone gravel and pebbles work together to regulate the pH value of the river and intercept pollutants. Furthermore, the high hardness, high wear resistance and stable pore structure of pebbles can improve the erosion resistance of the river biofilm, prevent the second porous structure layer from being easily washed away, and allow the river biofilm to exist in the river for a long time and play an excellent role in water treatment.
[0008] This invention, through the multi-dimensional synergy of physical interception, chemical regulation, and biodegradation, can efficiently and sustainably solve the problem of black and odorous water bodies in rivers and improve the water pollution situation in rivers.
[0009] In some embodiments of this utility model, the thickness of the river biofilm is consistent along the width direction of the river biofilm.
[0010] In some embodiments of this utility model, the thickness of the first porous structure layer is consistent along the width direction of the river biofilm, and the thickness of the second porous structure layer is consistent along the width direction of the river biofilm.
[0011] In some embodiments of this invention, the cross-sectional shape of the river biofilm is V-shaped.
[0012] In some embodiments of this utility model, the interior angle of the river biofilm is equal to or greater than 150°.
[0013] In some embodiments of this utility model, the upper surface of the river biofilm is raised or lowered by a set height at intervals along the length of the river biofilm.
[0014] In some embodiments of this utility model, the set distance is 30m to 50m, and the set height is 10cm to 20cm.
[0015] In some embodiments of this utility model, in the river biofilm, the number of pebbles accounts for 30%, the number of limestone gravel accounts for 30%, the number of volcanic rocks accounts for 20%, and the number of clinoptilolite accounts for 20%.
[0016] In some embodiments of this utility model, the particle size of the pebbles, the limestone crushed stone, the volcanic rock, and the clinoptilolite is 40 mm to 60 mm.
[0017] In some embodiments of this utility model, a cement adhesive layer is provided at some gap positions of the first porous structure layer and / or at some gap positions of the second porous structure layer.
[0018] Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of this invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures particularly pointed out in the description, claims, and drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a river biofilm according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] Reference numerals: 100, river biofilm; 110, second porous structure layer; 120, first porous structure layer; 200, river channel; 210, riverbed. Detailed Implementation
[0021] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.
[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of those features. In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise stated, "several" means one or more, and "multiple" means two or more.
[0023] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0024] The following is for reference. Figure 1 This invention describes a river biofilm provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, the river biofilm 100 according to the embodiment of this utility model can be applied to the pollution control of river 200, and can continuously and efficiently treat the black and odorous water problem of river 200, improve the self-purification capacity of the water in river 200, thereby improving the water pollution situation of river 200, and at low cost.
[0026] In this embodiment, the river biofilm 100 is used to be laid on the riverbed 210 of the dredged river channel 200. The river biofilm 100 has a length along the extension direction of the river channel 200, that is, the length of the river biofilm 100 can be designed according to the length of the river channel 200, and is not specifically limited here.
[0027] Furthermore, the upper surface of the river biofilm 100 is arranged with alternating convex and concave sections along its length. That is, at regular intervals along the river's length, the upper surface of the river biofilm 100 is raised or lowered by a certain height, resulting in an alternating design of convex and concave sections along its length. Specifically, the upper surface of the river biofilm 100 is raised or lowered by a predetermined height at set intervals along its length. It is understood that the specific values of the set distance and height can be selected based on actual design conditions and are not specifically limited here. In this embodiment, the set distance is 30m to 50m, and the set height is 10cm to 20cm.
[0028] It is understood that the river biofilm 100 in this embodiment is not laid flat in the river 200. Instead, the thickness of the river biofilm 100 is increased or decreased by a set height value at a set distance along the length of the river 200, so that the river biofilm 100 is uneven and alternately uneven. This can create better hydrodynamic conditions and avoid the recurrence of sludge accumulation due to insufficient hydrodynamics.
[0029] The structure of the river biofilm 100 includes a first porous structure layer 120 and a second porous structure layer 110. The first porous structure layer 120 and the second porous structure layer 110 are laid from top to bottom. The first porous structure layer 120 is located above the second porous structure layer 110. The lower surface of the first porous structure layer 120 can be connected to the upper surface of the second porous structure layer 110. The first porous structure layer 120 can be supported by the second porous structure layer 110. The second porous structure layer 110 has a lower surface that is adapted to the riverbed 210. Therefore, the second porous structure layer 110 can fit with the riverbed 210 of the river 200 and obtain effective support, ensuring that the river biofilm 100 can be stably laid in the river 200.
[0030] The first porous structural layer 120 is composed of multiple pebbles, and the second porous structural layer 110 is composed of a mixture of multiple limestone gravel, multiple volcanic rocks, and multiple clinoptilolite. It is understood that the multiple limestone gravel, multiple volcanic rocks, and multiple clinoptilolite can be mixed by stirring and then laid on the riverbed 210 of the river channel 200 by deposition to form the second porous structural layer 110; similarly, the multiple pebbles can be deposited and laid on the second porous structural layer 110 to form the first porous structural layer 120.
[0031] It is understandable that the particle size of pebbles, limestone gravel, volcanic rock, and clinoptilolite can be set according to actual needs, and no specific limitation is made here. Pebbles, limestone gravel, volcanic rock, and clinoptilolite have gaps between them. Using the aforementioned multi-media materials (pebbles, limestone gravel, volcanic rock, and clinoptilolite) can provide a porous structure, offering a good habitat for microbial attachment and better conditions for heavy metal adsorption.
[0032] In this embodiment, in the river biofilm 100, the proportion of pebbles is 30%, the proportion of limestone gravel is 30%, the proportion of volcanic rock is 20%, and the proportion of clinoptilolite is 20%. The particle size of the pebbles, limestone gravel, volcanic rock, and clinoptilolite is all between 40 mm and 60 mm.
[0033] The limestone gravel in the second porous structural layer 110 increases the alkalinity of the river water 200, neutralizes acidic substances, effectively inhibits the odor produced by anaerobic fermentation, and can passivate heavy metals, reduce the biotoxicity of heavy metals, reduce the threat to aquatic organisms. At the same time, it can also play a role in consolidating the bottom sediment, reducing the amount of bottom sediment resuspension, and limiting the secondary release of pollutants in the bottom sediment.
[0034] The volcanic rock in the second porous structural layer 110 provides a carrier for microorganisms, promoting the attachment of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria, accelerating the removal of ammonia nitrogen and nitrates, and adsorbing dissolved organic pollutants, reducing the risk of eutrophication in the river 200. Simultaneously, the porous structure of the volcanic rock promotes water flow turbulence in the river 200, enhances gas exchange efficiency, increases dissolved oxygen content, and helps inhibit anaerobic fermentation. Volcanic rock refers to rocks formed from hot magma erupted from deep within the Earth and cooled on the surface, along with the debris formed during this process. Volcanic rock is characterized by its hardness, resistance to weathering, weather resistance, and durability. Its high internal porosity is conducive to the attachment and growth of microorganisms.
[0035] The clinoptilolite in the second porous structural layer 110 efficiently removes ammonia nitrogen using its ion exchange and adsorption properties. Simultaneously, it adsorbs heavy metals and organic pollutants in the river water 200 and promotes biofilm formation, synergistically degrading organic matter and ammonia nitrogen. It is understood that clinoptilolite is the most abundant natural zeolite, a hydrous aluminosilicate mineral in the zeolite group, with crystals mostly in the form of transparent plates. Its unique framework structure gives natural clinoptilolite excellent adsorption and ion exchange properties.
[0036] Through the pebbles in the first porous structure layer 120, the high hardness, high wear resistance and stable pore structure of the pebbles can intercept large particulate pollutants such as silt and suspended solids in the water of the river channel 200, reduce turbidity and reduce silt deposition. At the same time, they can adsorb colloidal substances and some heavy metal ions, and provide an attachment substrate for microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria to form a biofilm to decompose organic matter, promote water reoxygenation, and inhibit the generation of malodorous gases such as hydrogen sulfide.
[0037] Furthermore, pebbles can protect riverbank vegetation, provide habitat for benthic organisms, enhance the water's self-purification capacity, and improve the erosion resistance of the river biofilm 100, preventing the second porous structural layer 110 from being easily washed away. This allows the river biofilm 100 to exist in the river channel 200 for a long time and play an excellent role in water treatment. It is understandable that after limestone gravel, volcanic rock, and clinoptilolite are mixed and laid on the riverbed 210 of the river channel 200, a second porous structural layer 110 can be formed. Then, multiple pebbles are laid on top of the second porous structural layer 110 to form the first porous structural layer 120. Because pebbles are relatively large and have a certain erosion resistance, laying pebbles on the second porous structural layer 110 can prevent the lighter clinoptilolite and volcanic rock from being easily washed away.
[0038] It should be noted that in the river biofilm 100 provided in this embodiment, after the dredging of the river 200 is completed, since the dredging thickness of the river 200 is 30cm to 50cm, a river biofilm 100 of the same thickness (i.e., 30cm to 50cm) can be laid along the extension direction of the river 200. Specifically, a second porous structure layer 110 is first laid at the riverbed 210 of the river 200, followed by a first porous structure layer 120. Since the first porous structure layer 120 is placed on top of the second porous structure layer 110, and the first porous structure layer 120 is composed of multiple pebbles, while the second porous structure layer 110 is composed of multiple limestone fragments, multiple volcanic rocks, and multiple... The biofilm 100 is composed of clinoptilolite and zeolite. Therefore, by setting up the first porous structure layer 120 and the second porous structure layer 110, a good living environment for microbial attachment can be provided. The adsorption and biodegradation linkage effect is enhanced by the combination of volcanic rock and clinoptilolite. At the same time, limestone gravel and pebbles are used to regulate the pH value of the river channel 200 and intercept pollutants. Moreover, the high hardness, high wear resistance and stable pore structure of the pebbles can be used to improve the erosion resistance of the river biofilm 100, prevent the second porous structure layer 110 from being easily washed away, and allow the river biofilm 100 to exist in the river channel 200 for a long time and play an excellent role in water treatment.
[0039] The river biofilm 100 provided in this embodiment of the utility model can efficiently and sustainably solve the black and odorous water problem of river 200 through multi-dimensional synergy of physical interception, chemical regulation and biodegradation, achieve water purification and ecological restoration, and improve the water pollution situation of river 200.
[0040] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thickness of the river biofilm 100 is consistent along its width. In this embodiment, the thickness of the first porous structure layer 120 is consistent along the width of the river biofilm 100, and the thickness of the second porous structure layer 110 is also consistent along the width of the river biofilm 100. This design ensures that the river biofilm 100 has good water treatment effects throughout its width.
[0041] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cross-sectional shape of the river biofilm 100 is V-shaped, which can fit the original shape of the riverbed 210 of the river channel 200. In this embodiment, the cross-sections of the first porous structure layer 120 and the second porous structure layer 110 are both designed in a V-shape.
[0042] Specifically, the interior angle θ of the river biofilm 100 is equal to or greater than 150°. In this embodiment, the specific value of the interior angle θ of the river biofilm 100 is 158°.
[0043] Understandably, due to the influence of gravity, the bottom of a river is generally not flat. The upper reaches of a river mostly have a V-shaped cross-section because the drop in elevation is greater, gravity is stronger, and the river flow is faster, resulting in strong erosion and cutting action, forming a V-shaped riverbed. The middle and lower reaches, on the other hand, mostly have a U-shaped cross-section because the terrain is flatter, gravity is weaker, and the flow velocity is lower, resulting in both erosion and deposition, thus forming a U-shaped riverbed. In this embodiment, the river biofilm 100 is designed in a V-shape, and the interior angle θ is equal to or greater than 150° and less than 180°, which allows it to conform to the cross-sectional shape of the riverbed 210 of the river channel 200, saving materials and reducing manufacturing costs. If the river biofilm 100 were laid flat horizontally, it would consume more material.
[0044] In some embodiments, cement bonding layers are provided at certain gap locations of the first porous structural layer 120 and the second porous structural layer 110. It is understood that by using a certain amount of cement to bond between pebbles and between limestone gravel, volcanic rock, and clinoptilolite, the structural stability of the first porous structural layer 120 and the second porous structural layer 110 can be enhanced, allowing the river biofilm 100 to adapt to high water flow velocities and preventing the river biofilm 100 from being dispersed by high-velocity water flow.
[0045] Of course, a cement adhesive layer may also be provided only at part of the gaps in the first porous structure layer 120 or part of the gaps in the second porous structure layer 110.
[0046] The river biofilm 100 provided in this embodiment of the invention has the functions of improving the self-purification capacity of water bodies, biological filtration, and ecological restoration. Specifically, the river biofilm 100 can promote the attachment and growth of microorganisms, which degrade organic matter (such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus compounds) in the water of the river 200 through metabolic activities; the porous structure of the river biofilm 100 can better adsorb heavy metals in the water of the river 200, thereby improving the self-purification capacity of the river 200.
[0047] Simultaneously, the river biofilm 100 can filter suspended particulate matter in the water of the river 200, remove dissolved pollutants through microbial metabolism, and improve the water transparency of the river 200. Moreover, in the polluted water of the river 200, the river biofilm 100 participates in the ecological restoration process through biodegradation and bioaccumulation mechanisms, restoring the water function of the river 200. As the basis of the food chain, the river biofilm 100 can provide a habitat for bacteria, protozoa, and metazoa. The river biofilm 100 can support aquatic biological communities such as protozoa (e.g., ciliates) and metazoa (e.g., rotifers), enhance the stability of the ecosystem, promote ecosystem health, and thus accelerate the decomposition of pollutants, further improving the self-purification capacity of the river 200, and ultimately improving the water quality.
[0048] In addition, the river biofilm 100 can adapt to the river 200 with complex water flow conditions, and can avoid affecting the original functions of the river 200, such as navigation or flood discharge, when the river biofilm 100 is laid.
[0049] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "illustrative embodiment," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.
[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A river biofilm, characterized in that, The biofilm is used to be laid on the bottom of a dredged riverbed. The biofilm has a length along the extension direction of the riverbed, and the upper surface of the biofilm is alternately concave and convex along the length direction of the biofilm. The biofilm includes a first porous structure layer and a second porous structure layer laid from top to bottom. The second porous structure layer has a lower surface adapted to the riverbed. The first porous structure layer is composed of multiple pebbles, and the second porous structure layer is composed of a mixture of multiple limestone gravel, multiple volcanic rocks, and multiple clinoptilolite.
2. The river biofilm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the river biofilm is consistent along the width direction of the river biofilm.
3. The river biofilm according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the first porous structure layer is consistent along the width direction of the river biofilm, and the thickness of the second porous structure layer is consistent along the width direction of the river biofilm.
4. The river biofilm according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the river biofilm is V-shaped.
5. The river biofilm according to claim 4, characterized in that, The interior angle of the river biofilm is equal to or greater than 150°.
6. The river biofilm according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the river biofilm is raised or lowered by a set height at predetermined intervals along the length of the river biofilm.
7. The river biofilm according to claim 6, characterized in that, The set distance is 30m to 50m, and the set height is 10cm to 20cm.
8. The river biofilm according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the river biofilm, the proportion of pebbles is 30%, the proportion of limestone gravel is 30%, the proportion of volcanic rock is 20%, and the proportion of clinoptilolite is 20%.
9. The river biofilm according to claim 8, characterized in that, The particle size of the pebbles, the limestone gravel, the volcanic rock, and the clinoptilolite is 40 mm to 60 mm.
10. The river biofilm according to claim 1, characterized in that, A cement adhesive layer is provided at some gap locations of the first porous structure layer and / or at some gap locations of the second porous structure layer.