Atomic magnetometer and heating circuit thereof

Abstract

The utility model discloses an atom magnetometer and a heating circuit thereof, and the heating circuit of the atom magnetometer comprises a signal generation unit suitable for being connected with an atom gas chamber of the atom magnetometer, the signal generation unit is configured to generate a direct current signal and an alternating current signal, and the direct current signal and the alternating current signal are switched and applied to the atom gas chamber. Direct-current heating and alternating-current heating are respectively carried out on the atomic gas chamber; and the control unit is connected with the signal generation unit and is configured to control the signal generation unit to output the direct-current signal so as to perform direct-current heating on the atomic gas chamber by using the direct-current signal, and control the signal generation unit to output an alternating-current signal so as to perform alternating-current heating on the atomic gas chamber by using the alternating-current signal after the temperature in the atomic gas chamber reaches a preset temperature. The heating circuit not only avoids extra magnetic field interference generated by direct current heating, but also improves the heating efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of atomic magnetometer technology, and in particular to an atomic magnetometer and its heating circuit. Background Technology

[0002] In related technologies, atomic magnetometers require a very high atomic number density to reach the SERF (spin-exchange relaxation-free) region. To achieve this high atomic number density, the atomic gas chamber needs to be heated. Currently, there are generally two heating methods: hot air heating and electric heating. While hot air heating provides more uniformity, its stability is relatively poor. Most current electric heating methods are DC PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) wave heating. For alkali metal atomic gas chambers, the gradient magnetic field generated by the DC current significantly increases the atomic relaxation rate, interfering with the magnetometer's operation. Alternating current heating can effectively reduce the atomic relaxation rate. High-frequency heating can modulate the magnetic noise caused by the current on the heating resistance wire to a high-frequency band, making it much larger than the detection bandwidth of the application system, thus suppressing its influence. However, the efficiency of high-frequency AC heating is lower than that of DC heating, prolonging the experimental time. Utility Model Content

[0003] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the first objective of this invention is to provide a heating circuit for an atomic magnetometer. The control unit first controls the signal generation unit to rapidly heat the atomic gas chamber using a DC signal. After the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches a preset temperature, the control unit then controls the signal generation unit to heat the atomic gas chamber using an AC signal, stabilizing the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber at the preset temperature. This not only avoids additional magnetic field interference generated by DC heating but also improves heating efficiency.

[0004] The second objective of this invention is to provide an atomic magnetometer.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, a heating circuit for an atomic magnetometer is provided according to a first aspect of the present invention, comprising: a signal generation unit adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber of the atomic magnetometer, the signal generation unit being configured to generate a DC signal and an AC signal, and to switch between applying the DC signal and the AC signal to the atomic gas chamber to perform DC heating and AC heating respectively; and a control unit connected to the signal generation unit and configured to control the signal generation unit to output a DC signal to perform DC heating of the atomic gas chamber, and to control the signal generation unit to output an AC signal to perform AC heating of the atomic gas chamber after the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches a preset temperature.

[0006] The heating circuit of the atomic magnetometer according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a signal generation unit and a control unit. The signal generation unit is adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber of the atomic magnetometer and is configured to generate a DC signal and an AC signal, and switch between applying the DC signal and the AC signal to the atomic gas chamber to perform DC heating and AC heating respectively. The control unit is connected to the signal generation unit and is configured to control the signal generation unit to output a DC signal to perform DC heating of the atomic gas chamber. After the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches a preset temperature, the control unit controls the signal generation unit to output an AC signal to perform AC heating of the atomic gas chamber. Thus, the control unit first controls the signal generation unit to output a DC signal to rapidly heat the atomic gas chamber, allowing the atomic gas chamber to reach the preset temperature in a short time. Then, the control unit controls the signal generation unit to switch to AC signal output to heat the atomic gas chamber, stabilizing the temperature of the atomic gas chamber at the preset temperature to generate a sufficient atomic density. This not only avoids additional magnetic field interference from DC heating but also improves heating efficiency, thereby shortening the experimental waiting time.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the signal generation unit includes: a DC signal generation module connected to the control unit and configured to generate a DC signal according to a first preset value sent by the control unit; an AC signal generation module connected to the control unit and the DC signal generation module respectively and configured to generate an initial AC signal according to a second preset value sent by the control unit, and adjust the amplitude of the initial AC signal according to the DC signal to generate an AC signal; and a switching module connected to the output terminals of the control unit, the DC signal generation module, and the AC signal generation module respectively, and configured to switch between applying a DC signal or an AC signal to the atomic gas chamber according to a switching signal sent by the control unit.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a DC signal generation module includes: a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) connected to a control unit and configured to generate an initial DC signal according to a first preset value; a reference voltage source connected to the DAC, wherein the voltage of the reference voltage source is a preset voltage and configured to provide the preset voltage to the DAC so that the DAC generates the initial DC signal; a low-pass filter connected to the DAC and configured to filter out high-frequency noise of the initial DC signal; and a first amplifier connected to the low-pass filter and configured to amplify the noise-filtered initial DC signal to generate a DC signal.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an AC signal generation module includes: an AC signal generator connected to a control unit and configured to generate a high-frequency AC signal according to a second preset value; a first high-pass filter connected to the AC signal generator and configured to filter out low-frequency noise in the high-frequency AC signal; a second amplifier connected to the first high-pass filter and configured to amplify the noise-filtered high-frequency AC signal to generate an initial AC signal; a first multiplier connected to the second amplifier and a DC signal generation module respectively and configured to multiply the DC signal with the initial AC signal to adjust the amplitude of the initial AC signal; and a second high-pass filter connected to the output of the first multiplier and configured to filter out low-frequency noise in the adjusted initial AC signal to generate an AC signal.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the switching module includes: a first inverter, the input terminal of which is connected to a control unit; a second inverter, the input terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the first inverter; a first switch, the control terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the second inverter, the first terminal of which is connected to a DC signal generation module, and the second terminal of which is adapted to connect to an atomic gas chamber; a third inverter, the input terminal of which is connected to a control unit; and a second switch, the control terminal of which is connected to the output terminal of the third inverter, the first terminal of which is connected to an AC signal generation module, and the second terminal of which is adapted to connect to an atomic gas chamber.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the heating circuit further includes: an adjustment unit, a first input terminal of the adjustment unit adapted to be connected to the atomic gas chamber, a second terminal of the adjustment unit connected to the control unit, and an output terminal of the adjustment unit connected to the DC signal generation module. The adjustment unit is configured to output an adjustment signal according to the current temperature value inside the atomic gas chamber and the preset temperature output by the control unit, so that the DC signal generation module adjusts the DC signal according to the adjustment signal.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment unit includes: a temperature detection module adapted to connect to an atomic gas chamber and configured to detect the temperature of the atomic gas chamber to obtain a current temperature value; a second multiplier, the first input terminal of the second multiplier being connected to the temperature detection module and the second input terminal of the second multiplier being connected to a control unit, the second multiplier being configured to multiply a preset temperature by the current temperature value; and a PID controller connected to the output terminal of the second multiplier and a DC signal generation module, respectively, and configured to generate an adjustment signal based on the product of the preset temperature and the current temperature value.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the heating circuit further includes: a power amplification unit disposed between the signal generation unit and the atomic gas chamber, and configured to amplify the DC signal or AC signal output by the signal generation unit, and apply the amplified DC signal or AC signal to the atomic gas chamber.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the power amplification unit includes: a third amplifier, one end of which is connected to a signal generation unit, and the other end of which is adapted to be connected to an atomic gas cell to amplify a DC signal or an AC signal.

[0015] To achieve the above objectives, an atomic magnetometer is provided according to a second aspect of the present invention, including the heating circuit of the atomic magnetometer of any of the foregoing embodiments.

[0016] According to the atomic magnetometer of this utility model embodiment, by using the above-mentioned atomic magnetometer, the control unit first controls the signal generation unit to rapidly heat the atomic gas chamber using a DC signal. After the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches the preset temperature, the control unit then controls the signal generation unit to heat the atomic gas chamber using an AC signal, so that the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber is stabilized at the preset temperature. This not only avoids additional magnetic field interference generated by DC heating, but also improves the heating efficiency.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a system schematic diagram of the heating circuit of an atomic magnetometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a system schematic diagram of the heating circuit of an atomic magnetometer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the heating circuit of an atomic magnetometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the heating circuit of an atomic magnetometer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the heating circuit of an atomic magnetometer according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of an atomic magnetometer system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0025] The atomic magnetometer and its heating circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a system schematic diagram of the heating circuit of an atomic magnetometer according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the heating circuit 100 of the atomic magnetometer includes a signal generation unit 10 and a control unit 20.

[0027] The signal generation unit 10 is adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber 200 of the atomic magnetometer. The signal generation unit 10 is configured to generate a DC signal and an AC signal, and switch the DC signal and the AC signal to be applied to the atomic gas chamber 200 to perform DC heating and AC heating on the atomic gas chamber 200 respectively. The control unit 20 is connected to the signal generation unit 10 and is configured to control the signal generation unit 10 to output a DC signal to perform DC heating on the atomic gas chamber 200. After the temperature in the atomic gas chamber 200 reaches a preset temperature, the control unit 10 outputs an AC signal to perform AC heating on the atomic gas chamber 200.

[0028] Specifically, the signal generation unit 10 can generate both DC and AC signals, and switch between DC and AC signal outputs according to the switching signal from the control unit 20, so as to perform DC heating and AC heating on the atomic gas chamber 200 respectively. Because the heating speed of the DC signal is fast, the control unit 20 first controls the signal generation unit 10 to output a DC signal to rapidly heat the atomic gas chamber 200, so that the atomic gas chamber 200 reaches the preset temperature in a short time. Then, the control unit 20 controls the signal generation unit 10 to switch the AC signal output to heat the atomic gas chamber 200, so that the temperature of the atomic gas chamber 200 is stabilized at the preset temperature to produce a sufficient number density of atoms.

[0029] It should be noted that the control unit 20 can be a microcontroller, but it is not limited to a microcontroller. It can also be other control chips, such as FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). No specific restrictions are made here.

[0030] In one alternative implementation, the control unit 20 is adapted to connect to a host computer to receive a preset temperature sent by the host computer. The control unit 20 can communicate with the host computer via USB (Universal Serial Bus).

[0031] In the above embodiment, the control unit controls the signal generation unit to first heat the atomic gas chamber using a DC signal with a relatively fast heating speed. After the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches the preset temperature, the control unit then controls the signal generation unit to heat the atomic gas chamber using an AC signal, so that the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber is stabilized at the preset temperature. This not only avoids the additional magnetic field interference generated by DC heating, but also improves the heating efficiency, thereby shortening the experimental waiting time.

[0032] In some embodiments, such as Figure 2 As shown, the signal generation unit 10 includes a DC signal generation module 11, an AC signal generation module 12, and a switching module 13. The DC signal generation module 11 is connected to the control unit 20 and is configured to generate a DC signal according to a first preset value sent by the control unit 20. The AC signal generation module 12 is connected to both the control unit 20 and the DC signal generation module 11 and is configured to generate an initial AC signal according to a second preset value sent by the control unit 20, and adjust the amplitude of the initial AC signal according to the DC signal to generate an AC signal. The switching module 13 is connected to the output terminals of the control unit 20, the DC signal generation module 11, and the AC signal generation module 12, and is configured to switch between applying a DC signal or an AC signal to the atomic gas chamber 200 according to a switching signal sent by the control unit 20.

[0033] Specifically, the control unit 20 sends a first preset value and a second preset value to the DC signal generation module 11 and the AC signal generation module 12, respectively. The DC signal generation module 11 converts the first preset value into a voltage value to generate a DC signal. The AC signal generation module 12 generates an AC signal according to the second preset value, and then adjusts the AC signal according to the DC signal so that the amplitude of the AC signal can be adjusted. The switching module 13 switches between applying a DC signal or an AC signal to the atomic gas chamber 200 according to the switching signal from the control unit 20, so as to perform DC heating and AC heating on the atomic gas chamber 200, respectively.

[0034] In one optional implementation, the DC signal generation module 11 and the AC signal generation module 12 are respectively connected to two SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) interfaces of the control unit 20 to receive the first preset value and the second preset value sent by the control unit 20.

[0035] In the above embodiments, the AC signal generation module can adjust the amplitude of the AC signal according to the voltage value of the DC signal, making the amplitude of the AC signal adjustable, thereby making the temperature in the atomic gas chamber more stable.

[0036] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the DC signal generation module 11 includes: a digital-to-analog converter 110, a reference voltage source VCC, a low-pass filter 111, and a first amplifier 112. The digital-to-analog converter 110 is connected to the control unit 20 and is configured to generate an initial DC signal according to a first preset value. The reference voltage source VCC is connected to the digital-to-analog converter 110, and the voltage of the reference voltage source VCC is a preset voltage. It is configured to provide the preset voltage to the digital-to-analog converter 110 so that the digital-to-analog converter 110 generates the initial DC signal. The low-pass filter 111 is connected to the digital-to-analog converter 110 and is configured to filter out high-frequency noise from the initial DC signal. The first amplifier 112 is connected to the low-pass filter 111 and is configured to amplify the initial DC signal after the noise has been filtered out to generate a DC signal.

[0037] Understandably, the digital-to-analog converter 110 contains a comparator. A preset voltage provided by the reference voltage source VCC serves as the reference voltage for the converter, which is compared with the input first preset value. The comparison result is then converted into a corresponding numerical output, thus obtaining the initial DC signal. A low-pass filter 111 then filters out high-frequency noise from the initial DC signal, making it more stable. Because the magnitude of the initial DC signal is limited by the preset voltage, it is amplified by the first amplifier 112, thereby increasing the adjustment range of the AC signal.

[0038] In one optional embodiment, the low-pass filter 111 includes a first resistor R1 and a first capacitor C1. One end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the output terminal of the digital-to-analog converter 110, and the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected to one end of the first capacitor C1, which is grounded. The first amplifier 112 includes a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, and a first comparator U1. The positive input terminal of the first comparator U1 is connected to the other end of the first resistor R1, and the negative input terminal of the first comparator U1 is connected to one end of the second resistor R2 and one end of the third resistor R3. The other end of the second resistor R2 is grounded, and the other end of the third resistor R3 is connected to one end of the fourth resistor R4, which is connected to the switching module 13 and the AC signal generation module 12, respectively.

[0039] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3As shown, the AC signal generation module 12 includes: an AC signal generator 120, a first high-pass filter 121, a second amplifier 122, a first multiplier 123, and a second high-pass filter 124. The AC signal generator 120 is connected to the control unit 20 and configured to generate a high-frequency AC signal according to a second preset value. The first high-pass filter 121 is connected to the AC signal generator 120 and configured to filter out low-frequency noise in the high-frequency AC signal. The second amplifier 122 is connected to the first high-pass filter 121 and configured to amplify the noise-filtered high-frequency AC signal to generate an initial AC signal. The first multiplier 123 is connected to the second amplifier 122 and the DC signal generation module 11, and configured to multiply the DC signal with the initial AC signal to adjust the amplitude of the initial AC signal. The second high-pass filter 124 is connected to the output of the first multiplier 123 and configured to filter out low-frequency noise in the adjusted initial AC signal to generate an AC signal.

[0040] In other words, the AC signal generator 120 generates a high-frequency AC signal according to a second preset value. This high-frequency AC signal will not interfere with the operation of the atomic magnetometer. Then, the first high-pass filter 121 filters out low-frequency noise in the high-frequency AC signal, thereby further reducing interference with the atomic magnetometer. Afterward, the noise-filtered high-frequency AC signal is input to the second amplifier 122 so that the AC signal can meet the driving capability of the heating source. Then, the first multiplier 123 multiplies the DC signal with the initial AC signal to adjust the amplitude of the initial AC signal. Finally, the second high-pass filter 124 further filters out low-frequency noise in the adjusted initial AC signal to generate the AC signal, thereby further reducing the interference of the AC signal on the atomic magnetometer.

[0041] It should be noted that the AC signal generator 120 uses the DDS (Direct Digital Frequency Synthesis) algorithm.

[0042] In one optional embodiment, the first high-pass filter 121 includes a fifth resistor R5 and a second capacitor C2. One end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to the control unit 20, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is connected to one end of the fifth resistor R5. The other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded. The second amplifier 122 includes a sixth resistor R6, a seventh resistor R7, an eighth resistor R8, a ninth resistor R9, and a second comparator U2. One end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the other end of the fifth resistor R5, and the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is connected to the positive input terminal of the second comparator U2. One end of the seventh resistor R7 is connected to the negative input terminal of the second comparator U2, and the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded. One end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to both the negative input terminal of the second comparator U2 and one end of the seventh resistor R7, and the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is connected to one end of the ninth resistor R9. The other end of the ninth resistor R9 is connected to the first input terminal of the first multiplier 123. The second high-pass filter 124 includes a tenth resistor R10 and a third capacitor C3. One end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to the output terminal of the first multiplier 123, and the other end of the third capacitor C3 is connected to one end of the tenth resistor R10. The other end of the tenth resistor R10 is grounded.

[0043] In some embodiments, such as Figure 3 As shown, the switching module 13 includes: a first inverter 130, a second inverter 131, a first switch K1, a third inverter 132, and a second switch K2. The input terminal of the first inverter 130 is connected to the control unit 20; the input terminal of the second inverter 131 is connected to the output terminal of the first inverter 130; the control terminal of the first switch K1 is connected to the output terminal of the second inverter 131; the first terminal of the first switch K1 is connected to the DC signal generation module 11; and the second terminal of the first switch K1 is adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber 200. The input terminal of the third inverter 132 is connected to the control unit 20; the control terminal of the second switch K2 is connected to the output terminal of the third inverter 132; the first terminal of the second switch K2 is connected to the AC signal generation module 12; and the second terminal of the second switch K2 is adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber 200.

[0044] Specifically, when the switching signal sent by the control unit 20 is low, the switching signal passes through the first inverter 130 and the second inverter 131. The output of the second inverter 131 is still a low-level signal. Therefore, the first switch K1 is open, and the DC signal is not output. The switching signal passes through the third inverter 132, and the output of the third inverter 132 is a high-level signal. Therefore, the second switch K2 is closed, and the AC signal is output. When the switching signal sent by the control unit 20 is high, the switching signal passes through the first inverter 130 and the second inverter 131. The output of the second inverter 131 is still a high-level signal. Therefore, the first switch K1 is closed, and the DC signal is output. The switching signal passes through the third inverter 132, and the output of the third inverter 132 is a low-level signal. Therefore, the second switch K2 is open, and the AC signal is not output.

[0045] It should be noted that the second inverter 131, the first switch K1, the third inverter 132, and the second switch K2 can be integrated into a dual-channel single-pole single-throw analog switch.

[0046] In the above embodiments, the control unit can switch between AC heating and DC heating by controlling the level of the switching signal.

[0047] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 As shown, the heating circuit 100 further includes: an adjustment unit 30, the first input terminal of the adjustment unit 30 being adapted to be connected to the atomic gas chamber 200, the second terminal of the adjustment unit 30 being connected to the control unit 20, and the output terminal of the adjustment unit 30 being connected to the DC signal generation module 11. The adjustment unit 30 is configured to output an adjustment signal according to the current temperature value in the atomic gas chamber 200 and the preset temperature output by the control unit 20, so that the DC signal generation module 11 adjusts the DC signal according to the adjustment signal.

[0048] Understandably, the adjustment unit 30 adjusts the DC signal based on the current temperature value and the preset temperature inside the atomic gas chamber 200, and the amplitude of the AC signal can be adjusted based on the voltage value of the DC signal, so that the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber 200 can be stabilized at the preset temperature.

[0049] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4As shown, the adjustment unit 30 includes: a temperature detection module 31, a second multiplier 33, and a PID (Proportion Integral Differential) controller 33. The temperature detection module 31 is adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber 200 and is configured to detect the temperature of the atomic gas chamber 200 to obtain the current temperature value. The first input terminal of the second multiplier 32 is connected to the temperature detection module 31, and the second input terminal of the second multiplier 32 is connected to the control unit 20. The second multiplier 32 is configured to multiply the preset temperature by the current temperature value. The PID controller 33 is connected to the output terminal of the second multiplier 32 and the DC signal generation module 11, and is configured to generate an adjustment signal based on the product of the preset temperature and the current temperature value.

[0050] Specifically, the temperature detection module 31 detects the temperature of the atomic gas chamber 200, obtains the current temperature value, and uses a PID algorithm to generate an adjustment signal based on the product of the preset temperature and the current temperature value. The adjustment signal is then input to the digital-to-analog converter 110, which adjusts the voltage value of the output DC signal according to the adjustment signal.

[0051] In one alternative implementation, the temperature detection module 31 is also connected to the control unit 20, and the control unit 20 controls the signal generation unit 10 according to the current temperature value detected by the temperature detection module 31.

[0052] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the heating circuit 100 further includes a power amplification unit 40, which is disposed between the signal generation unit 10 and the atomic gas chamber 200, and is configured to amplify the DC signal or AC signal output by the signal generation unit 10, and apply the amplified DC signal or AC signal to the atomic gas chamber 200.

[0053] Specifically, the DC or AC signal output by the signal generation unit 10 is usually only tens of milliamps, with poor driving capability, which cannot meet the driving capability of the heating source. Therefore, the power amplifier unit 40 is required to amplify the DC or AC signal to increase its power.

[0054] In this embodiment, the DC or AC signal is amplified by a power amplifier unit, thereby enhancing the driving capability of the DC or AC signal and further improving the heating efficiency.

[0055] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the power amplifier unit 40 includes a third amplifier, one end of which is connected to the signal generation unit 10, and the other end of which is adapted to be connected to the atomic gas chamber 200 to amplify DC or AC signals.

[0056] Specifically, the third amplifier 41 includes a third comparator U3, an eleventh resistor R11, and a twelfth resistor R11. The positive input terminal of the third comparator U3 is connected to the output terminal of the signal generation unit 10. One end of the eleventh resistor R11 is connected to the negative input terminal of the third comparator U3, and the other end of the eleventh resistor R11 is grounded. One end of the twelfth resistor R11 is connected to one end of the eleventh resistor R11 and the negative input terminal of the third comparator U3, and the other end of the twelfth resistor R11 is connected to the output terminal of the third comparator U3 and the atomic gas chamber 200.

[0057] In summary, the heating circuit of the atomic magnetometer according to the present invention includes a signal generation unit and a control unit. The signal generation unit is adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber of the atomic magnetometer and is configured to generate a DC signal and an AC signal, and switch the DC signal and the AC signal to be applied to the atomic gas chamber to perform DC heating and AC heating on the atomic gas chamber respectively. The control unit is connected to the signal generation unit and is configured to control the signal generation unit to output a DC signal to perform DC heating on the atomic gas chamber, and after the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches a preset temperature, control the signal generation unit to output an AC signal to perform AC heating on the atomic gas chamber. Therefore, the control unit first controls the signal generation unit to output a DC signal, which rapidly heats the atomic gas chamber, allowing it to reach the preset temperature quickly. Then, the control unit controls the signal generation unit to switch to an AC signal output, using the AC signal to heat the atomic gas chamber and stabilize its temperature at the preset temperature, thus generating a sufficient atomic density. This not only avoids additional magnetic field interference from DC heating but also improves heating efficiency, thereby shortening experimental waiting time. Furthermore, the adjustment unit can adjust the DC signal based on the current temperature and the preset temperature within the atomic gas chamber, and the amplitude of the AC signal can be adjusted based on the voltage value of the DC signal, ensuring the temperature within the atomic gas chamber remains stable at the preset temperature. Finally, the power amplification unit amplifies the DC or AC signal, enhancing its driving capability and further improving heating efficiency.

[0058] Corresponding to the above embodiments, this utility model also proposes an atomic magnetometer. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the atomic magnetometer 300 includes the heating circuit 100 of the atomic magnetometer in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0059] According to the atomic magnetometer of this utility model embodiment, by using the above-mentioned atomic magnetometer, the control unit first controls the signal generation unit to rapidly heat the atomic gas chamber using a DC signal. After the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches the preset temperature, the control unit then controls the signal generation unit to heat the atomic gas chamber using an AC signal, so that the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber is stabilized at the preset temperature. This not only avoids additional magnetic field interference generated by DC heating, but also improves the heating efficiency.

[0060] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0061] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0062] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this utility model are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated in this embodiment. Therefore, features defined with terms such as "first" and "second" in the embodiments of this utility model can explicitly or implicitly indicate that the embodiment includes at least one of those features. In the description of this utility model, the word "multiple" means at least two or more, such as two, three, four, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified in the embodiments.

[0063] In this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited in the embodiments, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" appearing in the embodiments should be interpreted broadly. For example, a connection can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can also be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, etc. Of course, it can also be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two components, or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific implementation.

[0064] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heating circuit for an atomic magnetometer, characterized in that, include: A signal generation unit is adapted to be connected to the atomic gas chamber of the atomic magnetometer. The signal generation unit is configured to generate a DC signal and an AC signal, and to switch the DC signal and the AC signal to be applied to the atomic gas chamber to perform DC heating and AC heating on the atomic gas chamber respectively. The control unit is connected to the signal generation unit and configured to control the signal generation unit to output the DC signal to use the DC signal to perform DC heating on the atomic gas chamber, and after the temperature inside the atomic gas chamber reaches a preset temperature, control the signal generation unit to output the AC signal to use the AC signal to perform AC heating on the atomic gas chamber.

2. The heating circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The signal generation unit includes: A DC signal generation module is connected to the control unit and is configured to generate the DC signal according to a first preset value sent by the control unit; An AC signal generation module is connected to both the control unit and the DC signal generation module, and is configured to generate an initial AC signal based on a second preset value sent by the control unit, and to adjust the amplitude of the initial AC signal based on the DC signal to generate the AC signal. The switching module is connected to the output terminals of the control unit, the DC signal generation module, and the AC signal generation module, respectively, and is configured to switch the application of the DC signal or the AC signal to the atomic gas chamber according to the switching signal sent by the control unit.

3. The heating circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The DC signal generation module includes: A digital-to-analog converter, connected to the control unit, is configured to generate an initial DC signal based on the first preset value; A reference voltage source is connected to the digital-to-analog converter. The voltage of the reference voltage source is a preset voltage and is configured to provide the preset voltage to the digital-to-analog converter so that the digital-to-analog converter generates the initial DC signal. A low-pass filter, connected to the digital-to-analog converter, is configured to filter out high-frequency noise from the initial DC signal; A first amplifier, connected to the low-pass filter, is configured to amplify the initial DC signal after noise filtering to generate the DC signal.

4. The heating circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The AC signal generation module includes: An AC signal generator is connected to the control unit and configured to generate a high-frequency AC signal according to the second preset value; A first high-pass filter is connected to the AC signal generator and is configured to filter out low-frequency noise in the high-frequency AC signal. A second amplifier, connected to the first high-pass filter, is configured to amplify the noise-filtered high-frequency AC signal to generate the initial AC signal. The first multiplier is connected to the second amplifier and the DC signal generation module, respectively, and is configured to multiply the DC signal with the initial AC signal to adjust the amplitude of the initial AC signal; A second high-pass filter is connected to the output of the first multiplier and is configured to filter out low-frequency noise in the adjusted initial AC signal to generate the AC signal.

5. The heating circuit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switching module includes: A first inverter, the input of which is connected to the control unit; The second inverter has its input terminal connected to the output terminal of the first inverter. A first switch, the control terminal of the first switch is connected to the output terminal of the second inverter, the first terminal of the first switch is connected to the DC signal generation module, and the second terminal of the first switch is adapted to be connected to the atomic gas chamber; A third inverter, the input of which is connected to the control unit; The second switch has its control terminal connected to the output terminal of the third inverter, its first terminal connected to the AC signal generation module, and its second terminal adapted to connect to the atomic gas chamber.

6. The heating circuit according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, Also includes: An adjustment unit is provided, wherein a first input terminal of the adjustment unit is adapted to be connected to the atomic gas chamber, a second terminal of the adjustment unit is connected to the control unit, and an output terminal of the adjustment unit is connected to the DC signal generation module. The adjustment unit is configured to output an adjustment signal based on the current temperature value inside the atomic gas chamber and the preset temperature output by the control unit, so that the DC signal generation module adjusts the DC signal according to the adjustment signal.

7. The heating circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adjustment unit includes: A temperature detection module is adapted to be connected to the atomic gas chamber and configured to detect the temperature of the atomic gas chamber in order to obtain the current temperature value; The second multiplier has its first input connected to the temperature detection module and its second input connected to the control unit. The second multiplier is configured to multiply the preset temperature by the current temperature value. The PID controller is connected to the output of the second multiplier and the DC signal generation module, respectively, and is configured to generate the regulation signal based on the product of the preset temperature and the current temperature value.

8. The heating circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A power amplification unit is disposed between the signal generation unit and the atomic gas chamber, and is configured to amplify the DC signal or the AC signal output by the signal generation unit, and apply the amplified DC signal or the amplified AC signal to the atomic gas chamber.

9. The heating circuit according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power amplification unit includes a third amplifier, one end of which is connected to the signal generation unit, and the other end of which is adapted to be connected to the atomic gas cell to amplify the DC signal or the AC signal.

10. An atomic magnetometer, characterized in that, The heating circuit of the atomic magnetometer according to any one of claims 1-9 is included.

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