High-rigidity half-moon groove tool rest unit of combined lathe and combined lathe

Abstract

The utility model discloses a high-rigidity half-moon groove tool rest unit of a combined lathe and the combined lathe, belongs to the technical field of numerical control combined lathes, and solves the problems that a traditional linear guide rail feeding structure is large in occupied space, poor in rigidity and unstable in machining quality. The tool rest unit comprises a tool rest body, and a guide groove is formed in the circumferential face of the tool rest body and axially penetrates through the tool rest body. A sliding groove plate matched with the guide groove is arranged in the guide groove. The sliding groove plate is shorter than the guide groove and used for bearing a cutter. And the section of the guide groove is half-moon-shaped. Limiting plates are installed on the portions, on the two sides of a groove opening of the guide groove, of the tool rest body respectively, and the limiting plates are pressed on the sliding groove plates so as to limit movement of the sliding groove plates in the radial direction. Due to the fact that the sliding groove and the sliding groove plate are arranged on the peripheral face of the tool rest body, occupied space is reduced, and rigidity and transmission efficiency of the whole structure are improved. The tool rest unit is matched with a narrow space scene of a multi-spindle lathe, and the machining requirements of high precision and high efficiency are met.

Description

High-rigidity semi-circular groove tool post unit for combination lathes, combination lathes Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of CNC combination lathe technology, specifically to a high-rigidity crescent groove tool post unit for a combination lathe, and a combination lathe including the tool post unit. Background Technology

[0002] CNC combination lathes, as efficient and high-precision multi-functional machining equipment, are widely used in the automotive, aerospace, and precision machinery industries. To improve machining efficiency, modern CNC combination lathes generally adopt a multi-spindle design, where multiple spindles are evenly distributed on the indexing table. Each spindle independently clamps and rotates the workpiece, while the cutting tool on the tool post cuts in radially or axially to complete composite machining operations such as turning, drilling, and milling. The indexing table rotates according to program instructions, allowing workpieces to enter the machining positions sequentially, achieving near-continuous assembly line operation.

[0003] However, with the increase in the number of spindles, the number of tool holders also increases accordingly, which exposes a series of problems in the traditional tool holder feed system with linear guides as the core: (1) Large space occupation: The linear guide is composed of multiple components such as the guide body, slider, and ball bearings, and has a large volume. Moreover, a certain amount of slider stroke space needs to be reserved, which undoubtedly squeezes the already limited internal space of the lathe and compresses the layout space of other components. (2) Insufficient rigidity: Due to the limitation of the internal space of the lathe, it is difficult to design the linear guide to be strong enough. The ball bearing guide is a point contact and has limited bending / torsion resistance. In the long stroke cantilever structure, the guide is prone to bending deformation during high-speed reversal, which causes cutting vibration and affects machining accuracy and surface quality. (3) Difficult maintenance: The linear guide has a delicate structure and is easily contaminated by chips and dust during the machining process, requiring frequent cleaning and lubrication. However, the internal space of the combination lathe is narrow, making maintenance and operation particularly inconvenient. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for CNC combination lathes, in order to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe includes a tool post body with multiple guide grooves formed on the circumferential surface of the tool post body, the guide grooves axially penetrating the tool post body.

[0007] A slide plate adapted to the guide groove is slidably installed in the slide groove. The length of the slide plate is less than the length of the guide groove, and it is used to support the cutting tool.

[0008] During operation, the slide plate slides in the guide groove, driving the tool mounted on it to perform feed motion, thereby realizing the cutting and machining of the workpiece.

[0009] The tool holder body is mounted on the bed body to ensure its strength and rigidity.

[0010] Furthermore, the cross-sectional shape of the guide groove is crescent-shaped.

[0011] Furthermore, a limiting plate is installed on each of the tool holder bodies on both sides of the guide groove opening. The limiting plate presses against the slide plate to restrict the radial movement of the slide plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the two sides of the tool holder main body limiting plate are respectively pressed against the sliding groove plates in two adjacent guide grooves.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the guide groove is provided with a groove, and chips and other debris will fall into the groove under the action of gravity, thereby reducing the accumulation of chips in the sliding area of ​​the slide plate and reducing the obstruction of the slide plate by the debris.

[0014] Furthermore, the limiting plates are evenly distributed on the frame body 1 by means of fastening.

[0015] Furthermore, the tool holder body is made of a high-strength, high-rigidity material, preferably high-strength alloy steel. This ensures sufficient strength and rigidity for secure fixation to the external bed, providing a stable mounting base for the entire tool holder unit.

[0016] Furthermore, the surface of the guide groove and the surface of the slide plate are subjected to quenching and hardening treatment to improve hardness and strength, reduce wear and deformation, and ensure motion accuracy. The contact surfaces of the slide plate and the guide groove are coated with a wear-resistant coating, such as a titanium nitride coating, to further improve wear resistance and lubrication, making the movement smoother and improving machining accuracy.

[0017] This utility model also provides a combination lathe, including the high-rigidity crescent groove tool post unit of the above-mentioned combination lathe, a tool post drive mechanism for driving the tool post body to rotate, and a slide plate drive mechanism for driving the slide plate to move.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0019] 1. Compact structure and space saving: Through the ingenious tool post guide groove structure, the functions of the guide rail and slide are condensed into a more compact space, thereby reducing the overall size and floor space of the machine tool. Secondly, the use of a circumferentially distributed guide groove structure allows the slide plate to achieve circumferential guiding and sliding functions in a smaller space, without occupying a large linear space like traditional linear guides.

[0020] 2. Increased rigidity and stable support: The slide groove is formed on the tool holder body, which provides high-strength support. The large mating area between the crescent groove and the slide plate effectively disperses cutting forces, reduces deformation and vibration, and further enhances the rigidity of the tool holder, ensuring stability, machining accuracy, and quality during high-speed, high-load cutting.

[0021] 3. Higher transmission efficiency. The slide plate is in direct contact with the guide groove, resulting in a shorter transmission chain and higher transmission efficiency. The external power unit acts directly on the slide plate, shortening the power transmission path and reducing energy loss. Compared with traditional linear guide systems, the transmission efficiency is improved, better meeting the needs of high-precision and high-efficiency machining.

[0022] 4. Convenient and flexible tool installation. Multiple axial grooves and sliding slide plates allow for flexible adjustment of tool positions to meet different machining requirements, enabling the simultaneous installation of multiple tools of different types, thus increasing the lathe's machining adaptability and versatility.

[0023] 5. Wide applicability and significant advantages. This technical solution is applicable to various CNC combination lathes and general-purpose CNC machine tools, and its advantages are particularly evident in the confined space applications of multi-spindle lathes. It effectively improves processing efficiency and quality, reduces equipment costs, and has good industrial application prospects and promotional value. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the guide groove in Embodiment 8 of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the guide groove structure in Embodiment 8 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the guide groove structure in Embodiment 2 of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional structural diagram of an embodiment of this utility model.

[0028] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Tool holder body; 2. Guide groove; 2-1. Groove; 3. Sliding plate; 4. Limiting plate. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] See Figures 1-4. A high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe includes:

[0032] Tool holder body 1: Multiple axial guide grooves 2 are provided on its circumferential surface, and these guide grooves 2 penetrate the tool holder body 1 axially.

[0033] The slide plate 3 is slidably installed inside the guide groove 2, and its length is less than the length of the guide groove 2, thereby forming a differential stroke. The cross-section of the slide plate 3 matches the cross-section of the guide groove.

[0034] The slide plate 3 is used to support the cutting tool. Under the drive mechanism, it can move axially along the guide groove 2 to realize the feeding and retraction of the cutting tool.

[0035] 1. This technical solution directly cuts the guide groove 2 onto the circumferential surface of the tool holder body 1. The sliding plate 3 slides freely within the guide groove 2, eliminating the need for reserved guide rail travel space. This eliminates the need for traditional independent guide rails and slider modules, resulting in a more compact structure and effectively reducing the space occupied by the tool holder inside the lathe. Furthermore, the guide groove 2 adopts a circumferential array layout, fully utilizing the lathe's annular space and significantly improving space utilization. 2. Highly efficient power transmission. External drive devices (such as servo motors or hydraulic cylinders) can directly act on the sliding plate, resulting in a short power transmission path, reducing energy loss in intermediate transmission links, and improving transmission efficiency and response speed, meeting the requirements of high-precision and high-efficiency machining. 3. Significantly enhanced rigidity. Because the guide groove 2 is an integral structure within the tool holder body 1, compared to traditional direct guide rail structures, the tool holder body can provide more stable support for the sliding plate 3, significantly improving overall rigidity. Simultaneously, the close fit between the sliding plate 3 and the guide groove 2 further enhances the vibration resistance and stability of the overall structure, effectively reducing vibration during machining and improving machining accuracy. Furthermore, the tool holder body 1 is mounted on the external bed, achieving higher rigidity support and making the tool feed and retraction movements smoother and more reliable. 4. The length of the slide plate 3 is less than the length of the guide groove 2, allowing the load to be evenly distributed within the support range of the guide groove 2 during cutting, avoiding localized stress concentration and reducing deformation caused by cutting forces, making it particularly suitable for high-speed, heavy-load cutting conditions. 4. The guide groove 2 axially penetrates the tool holder body 1, not only expanding the tool's feed and retraction stroke but also facilitating the smooth removal of chips generated during cutting, preventing chip accumulation from affecting machining accuracy and tool life, and contributing to improved machining quality.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] See Figures 1 to 4. In this embodiment, the guide groove 2 of the tool holder has a semi-circular cross section, with the groove opening facing the surface of the tool holder, forming a semi-circular groove structure. The cross-sectional shape of the slide plate 3 matches that of the guide groove 2. This design improves the overall rigidity of the tool holder, reduces the frictional resistance when the slide plate 3 moves, and improves the stability and accuracy of the machining quality: (1) Enhanced rigidity and protective performance. Compared with the traditional small cross-section linear guide rail, the semi-circular guide groove 2 increases the contact area between the slide plate 3 and the guide groove 2 through its unique geometric shape, which not only increases the bending and torsional rigidity of the tool holder and effectively suppresses cutting vibration; but also reduces the risk of external dust and debris intrusion through a tighter mating surface, thus improving the protective performance. The self-centering ability allows the slide plate to automatically center in the guide groove, reducing jamming or vibration caused by installation deviation, which is especially suitable for the stability requirements of high-speed cutting. (2) Reduced friction and improved efficiency: The smooth transition structure of the semi-circular groove cross section reduces the frictional resistance when the slide plate 3 slides, improves the transmission efficiency, and reduces energy consumption. (3) Enhanced guidance and guaranteed machining accuracy: The geometric constraints of the crescent groove, in conjunction with the slide plate, provide precise guidance for the slide plate's sliding, which is beneficial for good straightness and accurate positioning when the tool moves, ensuring the consistency of machining accuracy and significantly improving machining dimensional accuracy and surface quality. (4) Uniform stress distribution and extended tool holder life: The symmetry and large contact area of ​​the crescent groove structure make the stress distribution more uniform, reducing wear on the groove surface. The arc-shaped contact surface is more likely to form an oil film, extending the service life of the tool holder guide groove, reducing lubrication frequency, and lowering maintenance costs. In addition, the symmetry of the arc structure of the crescent groove 3 facilitates the installation and position adjustment of the slide plate 3, improving the maintainability and flexibility of the system.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] See Figures 1-4. In this embodiment, limiting plates 4 are fixedly provided on both sides of the guide groove 2 opening of the tool holder body 1. The limiting plates 4 are pressed against the surface of the slide plate 3 to limit the radial displacement of the slide plate 3, preventing it from detaching from the guide groove and ensuring the safe operation of the equipment. At the same time, through a sliding fit, the slide plate 3 is allowed to slide freely along the axial direction of the guide groove 2 to realize the feed and retraction of the tool. The downward pressing action of the limiting plates 4 increases the contact friction between the slide plate 3 and the frame body 1, effectively improving the structural rigidity, suppressing vibration and deformation during the cutting process, making the tool holder more stable during the cutting process, and ensuring machining accuracy and surface quality. Compared with conventional insert-type guide rails (such as I-shaped, T-shaped, etc.), this design uses a (half-moon shaped) open guide groove 2 in cooperation with the limiting plates, allowing the slide plate 3 to be directly inserted into the guide groove 2 from the opening, significantly simplifying the installation and alignment operation. In addition, with the help of the pressure plate, the friction and rigidity can be flexibly adjusted, making it easy to optimize the system rigidity and adapt to different tool requirements. Meanwhile, the open slot structure reduces the processing cost and manufacturing difficulty of the guide slot 2.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in this embodiment, eight axial guide grooves 2 are evenly spaced on the circumference of the tool holder body 1. A limiting plate 4 spans the tool holder body 1 between two adjacent guide grooves 2, with its two sides pressing against the sliding plates 3 on both sides. This design enhances the overall rigidity and stability of the tool holder, reduces vibration during the machining process, and improves machining accuracy. The width of the limiting plate 4 is greater than the distance between two adjacent guide grooves, effectively restricting the radial movement of the sliding plates and ensuring that the sliding plates can only slide along the direction of the guide grooves, thereby increasing the stability and reliability of the entire system.

[0042] Installation of slide plate 3: (1) You can first install and fix two limiting plates 4, and then insert slide plate 3 from one end of guide groove 2. (2) You can also first put slide plate 3 into guide groove 2 as a whole, and then install and fix the limiting plates 4 to limit slide plate in guide groove 2.

[0043] This design makes the slide plate 3 easy to install and remove, facilitating quick tool changes and settings adjustments, thus improving work efficiency. At the same time, the rational mechanical structure design ensures operational safety and reliability.

[0044] Example 5

[0045] Refer to Figure 1. In this embodiment, the limiting plate 4 is fixed to the tool holder body 1 by a uniformly distributed set of bolts. At least two locating pins are also provided on the mating surfaces of the two, forming a "one-sided, two-pin" positioning structure. This ensures the consistency of the limiting plate's position before and after replacement, and also facilitates tool installation and improves machining accuracy. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of the locating pins and bolts effectively suppresses asymmetrical forces on the slide plate, improving the stability of its sliding trajectory within the guide groove, and achieving a high-precision, low-vibration cutting process.

[0046] Example 6

[0047] See Figure 4. In this embodiment, the bottom of the guide groove 2 is provided with a groove 2-1 to collect chips and impurities, reduce the accumulation of chips in the sliding area of ​​the slide plate, reduce the obstruction of the slide plate by impurities, ensure the normal operation of the tool holder unit, and improve the reliability and efficiency of processing. When the slide plate is provided with a protrusion corresponding to the groove, it can further guide the slide plate to slide correctly, improving the sliding accuracy and stability.

[0048] Example 7

[0049] The tool holder body 1 is made of high-strength, high-rigidity materials, such as high-quality alloy steel or high-strength cast iron, which have excellent mechanical properties and can withstand high loads and frequent impacts. This effectively reduces the deformation and vibration of the tool holder body during machining, ensures machining accuracy, enhances the load-bearing capacity of the tool holder, and adapts to heavy cutting and complex machining needs.

[0050] Example 8

[0051] The groove surface of the guide groove 2 and the surface of the slide plate 3 are hardened by quenching, which effectively improves the surface wear resistance and fatigue resistance, reduces the frictional resistance of the tool during movement, prevents wear from chips and impurities, extends service life, and improves machining efficiency and accuracy. Furthermore, a wear-resistant coating, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a ceramic coating, is applied to the surface of the hardened layer. This wear-resistant coating has a low coefficient of friction and good self-lubricating properties, reducing reliance on lubricants, lowering maintenance costs, and reducing the risk of failure due to insufficient lubricant. It also reduces vibration and noise during machining, improving machining accuracy and surface quality.

[0052] Example 9

[0053] In this embodiment, the tool post body 1 is rotatably mounted on the machine bed via a tool post drive mechanism. The tool post drive mechanism integrates a rotary encoder and a servo control system, which can precisely drive the tool post body 1 to perform indexing rotation according to CNC commands, thereby achieving rapid tool switching and improving overall machining efficiency.

[0054] The slide plate is powered by a slide plate drive mechanism to achieve the tool's feed and retraction actions. The slide plate drive mechanism can be configured in a many-to-many connection manner, where each slide plate has an independent drive unit, enabling synchronous or asynchronous independent control of each slide plate and improving machining flexibility. Alternatively, a one-to-many connection method can be used, where the tool post drive mechanism rotates the slide plate carrying the tool to the drive position, and then the slide plate drive mechanism locks onto the slide plate via a quick-connect device at the output end, driving it to complete the feed and retraction actions. After machining, the slide plate retracts and unlocks, the tool post drive mechanism rotates the tool post body 1, rotating the next slide plate to the drive position, repeating the above docking and machining process. This method reduces the number of drive units, lowering equipment costs and installation complexity. The slide plate drive mechanism can be mounted on the lathe bed, utilizing the bed's stable structure to ensure drive stability; or it can share a housing with the tool post drive mechanism, making the structure more compact and reducing lathe space occupation. Both methods can achieve linear feed of the slide plate, driving the tool to complete the turning feed. In terms of drive type, electric, hydraulic, or other drive devices capable of pushing the slide plate to make linear motion can be used.

[0055] Workflow (taking an 8-slot tool holder as an example)

[0056] 1. On the tool holder body 1, eight semi-circular grooves are machined evenly and equally.

[0057] 2. Install the 8 sliding plates into the 8 semi-circular grooves of the tool holder body, respectively.

[0058] 3. After placing the slide plate, evenly fix the limiting plate 2 on the machine frame body 1. Through the cooperation of the crescent groove of the tool holder body 1 and the limiting plate 2, the slide plate 3 is not only tightly fitted in the crescent groove, but also achieves a sliding connection within the tool holder body 1.

[0059] 4. Install different turning tools on each slide plate and connect the slide plate to the drive mechanism.

[0060] 5. The drive mechanism pushes the slide plate to slide within the semi-circular groove. As the slide plate moves, the cutting tool mounted on it moves synchronously, realizing the turning operation on the workpiece.

Claims

1. A high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe, characterized in that, The tool holder body (1) includes a tool holder body (1), which has multiple guide grooves (2) on its circumference. The guide grooves (2) axially penetrate the tool holder body (1). A sliding groove plate (3) adapted to the guide groove (2) is slidably installed in the guide groove (2). The length of the sliding groove plate (3) is less than the length of the guide groove (2) and is used to support the tool. The tool holder body (1) is mounted on the bed.

2. The high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combined lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cross-sectional shape of the guide groove (2) is crescent-shaped.

3. The high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combined lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that, Limiting plates (4) are installed on the tool holder body (1) on both sides of the groove opening of the guide groove (2). The limiting plates (4) press on the slide plate (3) to restrict the movement of the slide plate (3) in the radial direction.

4. The high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The limiting plate (4) presses on the sliding plate (3) in the two adjacent guide grooves on both sides.

5. The high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The limiting plates (4) are evenly distributed on the tool holder body (1) by fastening.

6. The high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the guide groove (2) is provided with a groove (2-1).

7. The high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The material of the tool holder body (1) is a high-strength, high-rigidity material.

8. The high-rigidity crescent-groove tool post unit for a combination lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The groove surface of the guide groove (2) and the surface of the slide plate (3) are hardened by quenching; the contact surfaces of the slide plate (3) and the guide groove (2) are coated with a wear-resistant coating.

9. A combination lathe, characterized in that, Includes the high-rigidity crescent groove tool post unit of the combined lathe as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The combination lathe according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a tool post drive mechanism for driving the tool post body to rotate and a slide plate drive mechanism for driving the slide plate to move.

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