Reflector and lighting system
By designing the reflector's housing, chuck, and reflector structure, the problem of light leakage caused by gaps in the lighting system was solved, achieving better light utilization and reflection effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- GODOX PHOTO EQUIPMENT CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
In existing lighting systems, there is a gap between the end of the reflector and the chuck, which causes light emitted by the lamp to easily escape through the gap, affecting the reflective effect of the lamp.
A reflector is designed, including a housing, a chuck, and multiple reflective sheets. The ends of the reflective sheets are provided with flanges and fixed to the fixed surface of the chuck to form a reflective cavity, covering the gaps to prevent light leakage, and the connection stability is improved by the snap-fit groove and pressure plate.
It effectively prevents light from leaking out of the gaps, improves light utilization and lighting effect, and enhances the reflectivity and concentration of the light.
Smart Images

Figure CN224190377U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Reflectors and lighting systems Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photographic and video equipment technology, specifically to a reflector and a lighting system. Background Technology
[0002] Lighting systems are commonly used in outdoor shooting, photography, live streaming, and portrait photography. They emit various types of light to project onto the environment and people, creating diverse lighting effects and enhancing the overall quality of photography and videography.
[0003] In existing lighting systems, luminaires can be mounted on reflectors, which facilitate their installation and use. However, in these existing lighting accessories, there is a gap between the end of the reflector and the chuck, allowing light emitted from the luminaire to easily escape through the gap, thus affecting the reflective effect of the luminaire. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the technical problem in related technologies where there is a gap between the end of the reflector and the chuck, which affects the reflective effect of the lamp.
[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model provides a reflector that can be used with a lamp. The reflector includes: a shell with openings at both ends and a hollow interior, the two openings of the shell being a light inlet and a light outlet, respectively; a chuck, which is annular and connected to the end of the shell with the light inlet; the chuck has opposite sides, the side of the chuck near the light outlet is connected to the shell, and the side of the chuck away from the light outlet is a fixed surface; multiple reflectors are provided and all are disposed inside the shell, the multiple reflectors are spliced together in the circumferential direction of the shell to form a reflective cavity, the inner wall of the reflective cavity being a reflective surface; each reflector has a flange at its end, the flange is arranged near the light inlet, and the flange is fixed to the fixed surface of the chuck.
[0006] In some embodiments, the fixed surface of the chuck has a snap-fit groove, the snap-fit groove is annular and surrounds the inner edge of the chuck; the flange is disposed within the snap-fit groove.
[0007] In some embodiments, the reflector further includes a pressure plate, the pressure plate being annular and disposed on the side surface of the flange away from the light outlet.
[0008] In some embodiments, a receiving groove is provided on the fixed surface of the chuck, the receiving groove surrounding the periphery of the snap-fit groove; the outer edge of the pressure plate is installed in the receiving groove, and the inner edge of the pressure plate covers the side surface of the flange away from the outer shell.
[0009] In some embodiments, the reflector includes a controller and a connection terminal. The controller is disposed within a chuck and is electrically connected to the connection terminal. The connection terminal is exposed on the fixing surface of the chuck and is electrically connected to the main board of the lamp.
[0010] In some embodiments, a fixing plate is mounted on the fixing surface of the chuck, the fixing plate is disposed on the side surface of the controller away from the housing, the fixing plate is annular, and the connecting terminal is exposed through the central opening of the fixing plate.
[0011] In some embodiments, the housing has a plurality of mounting positions, which are sequentially connected to form the inner wall of the housing, and the circumferential contour of the inner wall of the housing is polygonal; a plurality of reflectors are correspondingly disposed on the plurality of mounting positions.
[0012] In some embodiments, the reflector further includes a top cover, which is annular and connected to the end of the housing near the light outlet; a mounting groove is provided on the inner edge of the surface of the top cover near the housing; the reflector further includes a lens, which is mounted in the mounting groove.
[0013] In some embodiments, the chuck is provided with a locking portion that protrudes from the peripheral sidewall of the chuck; the lamp is provided with a connecting portion that mates with the locking portion, and the lamp and the chuck are connected by the engagement of the locking portion and the connecting portion.
[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, the present invention also provides a lighting system, the lighting system comprising: a reflector, which adopts the reflector described in any of the above claims; a lamp, the lamp being connected to the chuck, the light emitted by the lamp being able to sequentially enter the reflective cavity through the central opening of the chuck and the light inlet, and being able to be processed by the reflector and then emitted from the light outlet.
[0015] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0016] This utility model provides a reflector and a lighting system. The reflector includes a housing, a chuck, and multiple reflective sheets. The housing is open at both ends and hollow inside, with the two ends being a light inlet and a light outlet, respectively. The chuck is annular and connected to the end of the housing with the light inlet. The side of the chuck near the light outlet is connected to the housing, and the side away from the light outlet is a fixed surface. Multiple reflective sheets are joined together in the circumferential direction of the housing to form a reflective cavity. Each reflective sheet has a flange at its end, positioned near the light inlet and fixed to the fixed surface of the chuck. This allows the reflective sheet to cover the gap between the reflective sheet and the chuck, preventing light emitted by the lamp from leaking out through the gap between the reflective sheet and the chuck, thus preventing light leakage and improving light utilization. Attached Figure Description
[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reflector of a lighting system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of Figure 1 from another perspective.
[0019] Figure 3 is an exploded view of the reflector in Figure 2.
[0020] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of Figure 3 from another perspective.
[0021] Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 2.
[0022] Figure 6 is an enlarged view of part A in Figure 5.
[0023] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of part of the structure in Figure 6.
[0024] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the reflector structure in Figure 3.
[0025] Figure 9 is a structural schematic diagram of Figure 2 from another perspective.
[0026] The reference numerals in the attached drawings are explained as follows: 100, reflector; 1, outer shell; 11, light inlet; 12, light outlet; 13, reflective cavity; 14, mounting position; 2, reflector sheet; 21, flange; 3, top cover; 31, mounting groove; 32, through hole; 4, chuck; 41, snap-fit part; 42, snap-fit groove; 43, receiving groove; 44, fixing plate; 45, through hole; 46, fixing surface; 5, lens; 6, pressure plate; 7, controller; 8, connection terminal. Detailed Implementation
[0027] Typical embodiments embodying the features and advantages of this utility model will be described in detail in the following description. It should be understood that this utility model can have various variations in different embodiments, all of which do not depart from the scope of this utility model, and the descriptions and illustrations therein are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit this utility model.
[0028] In the description of this application, it should be understood that, in the embodiments shown in the accompanying drawings, the indications of direction or positional relationships (such as up, down, left, right, front, and back) are merely for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. These descriptions are appropriate when these elements are in the positions shown in the accompanying drawings. If the description of the positions of these elements changes, these directional indications also change accordingly.
[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.
[0030] In existing lighting systems, luminaires can be mounted on reflectors, which facilitate their installation and use. However, in these existing lighting accessories, there is a gap between the end of the reflector and the chuck, allowing light emitted from the luminaire to easily escape through the gap, thus affecting the reflective effect of the luminaire.
[0031] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4. One embodiment of this application provides a lighting system, which includes a reflector 100 and a lamp. The reflector 100 can be connected to the lamp. Light emitted from the lamp is processed by the reflector 100 before being emitted. The reflector 100 can reflect the light emitted by the lamp, resulting in better overall light distribution and a better lighting effect.
[0032] In some embodiments, the reflector 100 includes a main body and a reflector 2. Specifically, the main body is open at both ends and hollow inside, with the two ends being a light inlet and a light outlet, respectively. The end of the main body with the light inlet is used to connect a lamp. The reflector 2 is disposed on the inner wall of the main body and is used to reflect light entering the interior of the main body.
[0033] In some embodiments, the cover body includes a housing 1, a chuck 4, and a top cover 3. The housing 1 is open at both ends and hollow inside, with the two ends being a light inlet 11 and a light outlet 12, respectively. The chuck 4 is connected to the end of the housing 1 near the light inlet 11. The top cover 3 is connected to the end of the housing 1 near the light outlet 12. The chuck 4 is used to connect a lamp. Light emitted by the lamp can enter the housing 1 through the chuck 4, and the light entering the housing 1 is processed by the reflector 2 before exiting through the light outlet 12 and the top cover 3.
[0034] In some embodiments, multiple reflectors 2 are provided. All multiple reflectors 2 are disposed inside the housing 1. The multiple reflectors 2 are joined together in the circumferential direction of the housing 1 to form a reflective cavity 13, the inner wall of which is a reflective surface. Thus, light emitted from the lamp can enter the reflective cavity 13 inside the housing 1 through the chuck 4 and the light inlet 11, and under the reflection of the reflective surface, the light can exit through the light outlet 12.
[0035] In some embodiments, the reflector 2 is made of a reflective composite material, which makes the reflector 2 highly reflective.
[0036] In some embodiments, the light-emitting sheet can be an aluminum sheet. The aluminum sheet may include a substrate and a surface treatment layer disposed on the surface of the substrate. The substrate is aluminum with a purity of not less than 99.85%. The surface treatment layer is disposed on the surface of the substrate and may include an anodized layer and a pure silver coating.
[0037] Specifically, an anodic oxide layer is formed on the surface of the substrate using an electrochemical anodizing process to create a dense alumina film. This alumina film provides electrical insulation, preventing electrochemical corrosion of the aluminum substrate upon contact with other metals. The surface of this anodic oxide layer can have a microporous structure.
[0038] The pure silver coating is applied to the surface of the anodized layer facing away from the substrate. The microporous structure of the anodized layer provides anchoring points for the pure silver coating, improving the bonding strength between the pure silver coating and the anodized layer. The pure silver coating has a visible light reflectance of up to 95%-98%, which can significantly improve the light utilization rate of the aluminum sheet.
[0039] Furthermore, the surface of the aluminum sheet can be made to have mirror efficiency through mechanical or chemical polishing processes, thereby reducing light scattering. The reflectivity of the aluminum sheet or aluminum coil shown in this application can reach 98%.
[0040] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional profile of the housing 1 is polygonal along its axial direction. The area of the cross-section of the housing 1 gradually increases from the light inlet 11 toward the light outlet 12. That is, in this example, the opening of the housing 1 for connecting the chuck 4 is a small opening, and the opening of the housing 1 for connecting the top cover 3 is a large opening. The housing 1 gradually expands in the direction from the light inlet 11 toward the light outlet 12, which facilitates the full mixing of light in the reflective cavity 13, reduces scattering and glare, makes the light more concentrated and softer, and thus improves the lighting effect.
[0041] Please refer to Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the housing 1 has multiple mounting positions 14. The multiple mounting positions 14 can be joined together to form the inner wall of the housing 1. The circumferential contour of the inner wall of the housing 1 is polygonal. The surface of the mounting position 14 can be a smooth plane. Multiple reflectors 2 are correspondingly attached to the multiple mounting positions 14 so that the reflectors 2 can be tightly attached to the mounting positions 14, improving the stability of the reflector 2 installation.
[0042] Please refer to Figures 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the top cover 3 can be connected to the end face of the housing 1 near the light outlet 12. The top cover 3 is annular. A through hole 32 for light to pass through is provided in the middle of the top cover 3. The light emitted by the lamp can enter the reflector cavity 13 through the chuck 4. The light entering the housing 1 is processed by the reflector 2 and then emitted from the light outlet 12 and the through hole 32.
[0043] In some embodiments, the reflector 100 includes a lens 5. The lens 5 is disposed at the end of the housing 1 near the light outlet 12. The lens 5 can cover the light outlet 12 of the housing 1, so that light entering the reflective cavity 13 must pass through the lens 5 and be directed to the outside of the reflector 100. The lens 5 can perform light mixing processing on the light incident on the lens 5, thereby obtaining a more uniform lighting effect. The lens 5 can be made of glass, silicone, resin, etc., and the specific material can be set according to actual needs, without limitation.
[0044] In some embodiments, a mounting groove 31 is provided on the surface of the top cover 3 near the outer casing 1. The mounting groove 31 may be located at the inner edge of the top cover 3. The outer peripheral edge of the lens 5 can be installed in the mounting groove 31, thereby fixing the lens 5 and improving the stability of the lens 5 installed in the reflector 100.
[0045] Please refer to Figures 5, 6, and 7. In some embodiments, the chuck 4 can be connected to the end face of the housing 1 near the light inlet 11. The chuck 4 can be annular. The center of the chuck 4 has a through hole 45 for light to pass through. The light emitted by the lamp can enter the reflector cavity 13 through the through hole 45 of the chuck 4, and the light entering the housing 1 is processed by the reflector 2 and then emitted from the light outlet 12.
[0046] In some embodiments, the chuck 4 is provided with a locking portion 41. The locking portion 41 protrudes from the peripheral sidewall of the chuck 4. The lamp is provided with a connecting portion that mates with the locking portion 41, and the lamp and the chuck 4 are connected by the mate between the locking portion 41 and the connecting portion.
[0047] In some embodiments, multiple locking portions 41 are provided, and the multiple locking portions 41 can be circumferentially spaced on the peripheral sidewall of the chuck 4. Multiple connecting portions are provided, and the multiple connecting portions can correspond one-to-one with the multiple locking portions 41. Thus, by utilizing the cooperation between the multiple locking portions 41 and the multiple connecting portions, the stability of the connection between the chuck 4 and the lamp can be improved.
[0048] It should be noted that in some other embodiments, when the external interface of the lamp is a threaded port, the snap-fit part 41 can be a threaded structure, so that the reflector 100 can be screwed onto the lamp. Alternatively, the external interface of the lamp is a slot structure, and the chuck 4 is a plug structure adapted to the slot structure, so that the reflector 100 can be inserted into the lamp.
[0049] Please refer to Figure 8. In some embodiments, the reflector 2 has a flange 21 at one end near the light inlet 11. The flange 21 is located on one side of the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4 so that the gap between the reflector 2 and the chuck 4 can be covered by the reflector 2, thereby preventing the light emitted by the lamp from leaking out from the gap between the light-emitting sheet and the chuck 4, preventing light leakage, and improving light utilization.
[0050] Please refer to Figures 5, 6, 7, and 8. In some embodiments, a snap-fit groove 42 is provided on the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4. The snap-fit groove 42 may be annular. The snap-fit groove 42 may surround the inner edge of the chuck 4. A flange 21 may be disposed within the snap-fit groove 42. Specifically, the flange 21 can pass through the through hole 45 and snap into the snap-fit groove 42, so that the flange 21 can cover the gap between the housing 1 and the chuck 4, thereby preventing the light emitted by the lamp from shining out from the gap between the housing 1 and the chuck 4, thus preventing light leakage and improving light utilization. At the same time, by using the flange 21 to be disposed within the snap-fit groove 42, the flange 21 and the chuck 4 can be snapped together, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the flange 21 and the chuck 4 and preventing the flange 21 of the reflector 2 from detaching from the chuck 4.
[0051] In some embodiments, the cover body includes a pressure plate 6. The pressure plate 6 can cover the surface of the flange 21 away from the outer casing 1. The pressure plate 6 can be annular. The pressure plate 6 can be connected to the chuck 4, thereby covering the flange 21 in the snap-fit groove 42, thereby improving the stability of the flange 21 in the snap-fit groove 42.
[0052] In some embodiments, a receiving groove 43 is provided on the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4. The receiving groove 43 can surround the periphery of the snap-fit groove 42. The outer edge of the pressure plate 6 can be installed in the receiving groove 43, and the inner edge of the pressure plate 6 can cover the side surface of the flange 21 away from the outer casing 1. Thus, by using the receiving groove 43 to accommodate the pressure plate 6, the pressure plate 6 can be made flush with the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4, thereby preventing the pressure plate 6 from protruding from the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4, and making the connection between the pressure plate 6 and the chuck 4 more compact.
[0053] Specifically, a threaded hole is provided on the outer edge of the pressure plate 6, and a fixing hole corresponding to the threaded hole can be provided on the receiving groove 43. When the pressure plate 6 is installed in the receiving groove 43, the threaded hole can be arranged opposite to the fixing hole, and the pressure plate 6 can be fixed in the receiving groove 43 by screws, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the pressure plate 6 and the chuck 4.
[0054] It should be noted that in some other embodiments, the pressure plate 6 can be fixed in the chuck 4 by snap-fit or other means.
[0055] Referring to Figures 2, 3, 4, and 9, in some embodiments, the reflector 100 may include a controller 7 and a connection terminal 8. The controller 7 may be disposed within the chuck 4. The controller 7 may be electrically connected to the connection terminal 8. The connection terminal 8 may be exposed on the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4. In this embodiment, a groove is provided on the outer edge of the surface of the chuck 4 away from the housing 1, and the groove can be used to install the controller 7. When the luminaire is connected to the chuck 4, the connection terminal 8 may be electrically connected to the control board of the luminaire.
[0056] In some embodiments, the reflector 100 can have multiple models. The number of reflectors 2 within the multiple models of reflectors 100 and the angle at which the reflectors 2 are joined differ. The reflectivity and reflection angle of the multiple models of reflectors 100 can also differ. Depending on the different models of the reflector 100, corresponding resistors can be configured within the reflector 100, allowing different models of reflectors 100 to correspond to resistors of different resistance values. Therefore, when the luminaire is connected to the chuck 4, the luminaire's control board can be electrically connected to the connection terminal 8. The luminaire's control board can generate different currents based on different resistors, thereby generating different electrical signals. Users can identify different models of reflectors 100 based on the different electrical signals, enabling users to quickly identify different models of reflectors 100 and select reflectors 100 with different reflectivity and reflection angles, improving the intelligence of the lighting system and the user experience.
[0057] In some embodiments, the luminaire may be provided with contact terminals. The contact terminals can be electrically connected to the control board of the luminaire. When the luminaire is connected to the chuck 4, the contact terminals of the luminaire can be electrically connected to the connection terminal 8, thereby realizing the electrical connection between the control board of the luminaire and the connection terminal 8.
[0058] In some embodiments, a fixing plate 44 is mounted on the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4. The fixing plate 44 is provided on the side surface of the controller 7 away from the housing 1. The fixing plate 44 covers the side surface of the controller 7 away from the housing 1. Thus, the controller 7 can be fixed in the groove of the chuck 4 by means of the fixing plate 44.
[0059] In some embodiments, the mounting plate 44 is annular. The mounting plate 44 has a central opening. The connecting terminal 8 can be exposed through the central opening of the mounting plate 44, allowing the control board of the lighting fixture to pass through the central opening of the mounting plate 44 and be electrically connected to the connecting terminal 8.
[0060] In some embodiments, the fixing plate 44 may have a protrusion 441. The protrusion 441 may be located on the outer periphery of the fixing plate 44. The protrusion 441 may protrude from one side of the groove. The protrusion 441 may extend into the receiving groove 43 of the chuck 4. The pressure plate 6 has a relief groove 61 that matches the protrusion 441. When the pressure plate 6 is installed in the receiving groove 43, the relief groove 61 can match the protrusion 441 on the fixing plate 44, thereby positioning the pressure plate 6 through the matching between the protrusion 441 and the relief groove 61, thus improving installation efficiency.
[0061] As can be seen from the above technical solution, this utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0062] This invention provides a reflector 100 and a lighting system. The reflector 100 includes a housing 1, a chuck 4, and multiple reflective sheets 2. The housing 1 is open at both ends and hollow inside. The two ends of the housing 1 are a light inlet 11 and a light outlet 12, respectively. The chuck 4 is annular and connected to the end of the housing 1 near the light inlet 11. The side of the chuck 4 near the light outlet 12 is connected to the housing 1, and the side of the chuck 4 away from the light outlet 12 is a fixing surface 46. Multiple reflective sheets 2 are joined together in the circumferential direction of the housing 1 to form a reflective cavity 13. The end of the reflective sheet 2 near the light inlet 11 is provided with a flange 21, which is fixed to the fixing surface 46 of the chuck 4. This allows the reflective sheet 2 to cover the gap between the reflective sheet 2 and the chuck 4, thereby preventing light emitted by the lamp from leaking out of the gap between the reflective sheet and the chuck 4, preventing light leakage, and improving light utilization.
[0063] Although the present invention has been described with reference to several typical embodiments, it should be understood that the terminology used is descriptive and exemplary, and not restrictive. Since the present invention can be embodied in many forms without departing from the spirit or essence of the invention, it should be understood that the above embodiments are not limited to any of the foregoing details, but should be interpreted broadly within the spirit and scope defined by the appended claims. Therefore, all variations and modifications falling within the scope of the claims or their equivalents should be covered by the appended claims.
Claims
1. A reflector that can be used with a lamp, characterized in that, The reflector includes: a housing with openings at both ends and a hollow interior, the two openings of the housing being a light inlet and a light outlet, respectively; a chuck, which is annular and connected to the end of the housing with the light inlet; the side of the chuck near the light outlet is connected to the housing, and the side of the chuck away from the light outlet is a fixed surface; multiple reflectors, all disposed inside the housing, the multiple reflectors being spliced together in the circumferential direction of the housing to form a reflective cavity, the inner wall of the reflective cavity being a reflective surface; each reflector having a flange at its end, the flange being arranged near the light inlet and fixed to the fixed surface of the chuck.
2. The reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chuck has a locking groove on its fixed surface. The locking groove is annular and surrounds the inner edge of the chuck. The flange is disposed within the locking groove.
3. The reflector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The reflector also includes a pressure plate, which is annular and located on the side of the flange away from the light outlet.
4. The reflector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The chuck has a receiving groove on its fixed surface, which surrounds the periphery of the snap-fit groove; the outer edge of the pressure plate is installed in the receiving groove, and the inner edge of the pressure plate covers the side surface of the flange away from the outer shell.
5. The reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflector includes a controller and a connection terminal. The controller is located inside the chuck and is electrically connected to the connection terminal. The connection terminal is exposed on the fixing surface of the chuck and can be electrically connected to the control board of the lamp.
6. The reflector according to claim 5, characterized in that, A fixing plate is mounted on the fixing surface of the chuck. The fixing plate is located on the side of the controller away from the housing. The fixing plate is annular, and the connecting terminal is exposed through the central opening of the fixing plate.
7. The reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing has multiple mounting positions, which are sequentially connected to form the inner wall of the housing. The circumferential contour of the inner wall of the housing is polygonal. Multiple reflectors are correspondingly disposed on the multiple mounting positions.
8. The reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reflector also includes a top cover, which is annular and connected to the end of the housing near the light outlet. A mounting groove is provided on the inner edge of the surface of the top cover near the housing. The reflector also includes a lens, which is installed in the mounting groove.
9. The reflector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chuck is provided with a locking part, which protrudes from the peripheral sidewall of the chuck; the lamp is provided with a connecting part that cooperates with the locking part, and the lamp and the chuck are connected by the cooperation of the locking part and the connecting part.
10. A lighting system, characterized in that, include: A reflector, wherein the reflector is as described in any one of claims 1-9; The lamp is connected to the chuck. The light emitted by the lamp can pass through the central opening of the chuck and the light inlet into the reflective cavity in sequence, and can be processed by the reflector and then emitted from the light outlet.