Battery device, energy storage device and power utilization device

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a battery device, an energy storage device and an electric device. The battery device comprises a battery monomer and a phase change piece, the battery cell includes a pressure relief mechanism. The multiple phase change pieces are stacked in multiple layers in the first direction to form a stacked body, the stacked body and the pressure relief mechanism are oppositely arranged in the first direction, each phase change piece comprises a shell and a phase change material, a containing cavity is formed in the shell, the phase change materials are stored in the containing cavity, and the shell can be broken under the heat effect of emissions discharged by the pressure relief mechanism to release the phase change materials; and the other peripheral phase change pieces are displaced towards the position of the cracked phase change piece due to the loss of the support of the cracked shell. According to the battery device provided by the embodiment of the invention, after part of the phase change pieces in the stack body are broken under the heat action of the emissions sprayed out by the pressure relief mechanism, other phase change pieces can generate displacement to fill gaps generated by the broken phase change pieces, so that the temperature of the emissions can be better reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a battery device, an energy storage device, and an electrical device. Background Technology

[0002] In the battery device, each battery cell is equipped with a pressure relief mechanism. This mechanism can discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure emissions generated by thermal runaway of the battery cell, thereby reducing the risk of further deterioration of thermal runaway or explosion in the battery device.

[0003] The emissions from the pressure relief mechanism may impact other components around the battery cells, potentially causing further damage to the battery assembly. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a battery device, energy storage device, and power supply device that are beneficial for reducing the temperature of the emissions discharged by the pressure relief mechanism.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model embodiment is implemented as follows:

[0006] This utility model embodiment provides a battery device, the battery device comprising:

[0007] Battery cell, including pressure relief mechanism;

[0008] A phase change element, wherein multiple phase change elements are stacked in multiple layers along a first direction to form a stack body, the stack body and the pressure relief mechanism are disposed opposite to each other along the first direction, the phase change element includes a shell and a phase change material, the shell is provided with a receiving cavity, the phase change material is stored in the receiving cavity, the shell can be ruptured under the heat of the exhaust discharged by the pressure relief mechanism to release the phase change material, and the other phase change elements in the vicinity will be displaced toward the position of the ruptured phase change element due to the loss of support from the ruptured shell.

[0009] The battery device in this embodiment of the application provides a stack of phase change elements on the opposite side of the pressure relief mechanism. This allows some phase change elements in the stack to rupture under the heat of the emissions ejected by the pressure relief mechanism, while other phase change elements can be displaced to fill the gaps created by the ruptured phase change elements. This facilitates the use of the phase change material of the phase change elements to absorb the heat of the emissions, which is beneficial for better reducing the temperature of the emissions and for continuous cooling of the emissions. It also reduces the risk of the emissions transferring heat to other components in the battery device and causing damage, and improves the utilization rate of the phase change elements.

[0010] In some embodiments, at least one cross-sectional shape of the phase change element along the first direction is circular. This makes it more advantageous for the phase change element to generate displacement by rolling, and the rolling friction required to overcome is lower. It also makes it easier for the phase change element to overcome resistance and move into the gap created by the broken phase change element, which allows the phase change element to enter the gap more quickly and improves the efficiency of cooling emissions.

[0011] In some embodiments, the phase change element is a sphere. This allows the void created by the phase change element to fracture in any direction, making it easy for the element to roll towards the void when it loses support. This facilitates the element's rapid entry into the void and improves the efficiency of cooling emissions.

[0012] In some embodiments, within the same layer of the stack, a portion of each adjacent phase change element forms a receiving gap perpendicular to the first direction. This receiving gap opens towards the phase change elements in the adjacent layer, and a portion of the phase change elements in the adjacent layer is located within the receiving gap and abuts against each of the phase change elements forming the receiving gap. Thus, on the one hand, by allowing the phase change elements to enter the receiving gap, it is beneficial to reduce the overall size of the stack along the first direction, improve space utilization, and facilitate the arrangement of more phase change elements in the battery device. On the other hand, if at least one of the multiple phase change elements forming the receiving gap cracks due to heat, the phase change element located in the receiving gap can lose some of its constraint, thereby increasing the probability of displacement. This, in turn, facilitates the phase change element entering the gap more quickly, improving the efficiency of cooling emissions.

[0013] In some embodiments, the material of the casing includes one of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate, protein, and chitosan. Thus, using the above materials is beneficial for long-term storage of phase change materials under normal operating conditions of the battery device, reducing the risk of leakage and deterioration of phase change materials, and also beneficial for the casing to melt and decompose under the normal action of emissions.

[0014] And / or, the phase change material includes one of n-tetradecyl alcohol, paraffin wax, stearic acid, lauric acid, hydrated salt of crystallization, hydrated salt of eutectic, and metal. Thus, using the above materials is beneficial because the phase change material is in different phases under the normal operating conditions of the battery device and under the heat effect of the emissions, so that the phase change material can absorb more heat during the phase change process and reduce the temperature of the emissions.

[0015] In some embodiments, the stack and the pressure relief mechanism are spaced apart along the first direction. This facilitates the diffusion of emissions after collision with the stack and the pressure relief mechanism in the gap between them, increasing the area for heat exchange between the emissions and the stack, thereby promoting the rupture and release of phase change material from more phase change components. Furthermore, it reduces the probability that emissions will rebound and flow toward the pressure relief mechanism, thus hindering the discharge of subsequent emissions from the pressure relief mechanism.

[0016] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a heat-conducting plate located between the stack and the pressure relief mechanism, the heat-conducting plate being in contact with the stack. Thus, after the emissions are discharged from the pressure relief mechanism, the emissions come into contact with the heat-conducting plate. Because the heat-conducting plate has a higher thermal conductivity than the casing, it can more quickly transfer heat to more phase change components, facilitating the release of more phase change material and thereby improving the cooling effect on the emissions.

[0017] In some embodiments, the heat-conducting plate and the battery cell are spaced apart along the first direction to form a first pressure relief chamber, which may selectively communicate with the outside of the battery device. This facilitates the diffusion of emissions within the first pressure relief chamber after collision with the heat-conducting plate, increasing the area for heat exchange between the emissions and the stack, thereby promoting the rupture and release of phase change materials from more phase change components. Simultaneously, it reduces the probability that emissions will rebound and flow towards the pressure relief mechanism, thus hindering subsequent emissions from being discharged from the mechanism. Furthermore, the communication between the first pressure relief chamber and the outside of the battery device allows emissions to be discharged outside the battery device, reducing the risk of the battery device cracking due to the pressure of the emissions.

[0018] In some embodiments, the heat-conducting plate is made of one of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, or lithium-aluminum alloy. Using these materials improves the heat conduction of the heat-conducting plate, allowing a larger area of ​​the phase change components to be heated rapidly. Simultaneously, the high structural strength of these materials enables them to withstand the impact of emissions for a longer period. Furthermore, the low material density helps reduce the overall weight of the battery device.

[0019] In some embodiments, the battery device further includes a housing assembly with an installation space within it. The battery cells, the heat-conducting plate, and the stack are all disposed within the installation space. The inner wall of the installation space includes a first wall located on the side of the heat-conducting plate opposite to the pressure relief mechanism along the first direction. The first wall and the heat-conducting plate are spaced apart along the first direction to form a second pressure relief chamber. The stack is located within the second pressure relief chamber, which can selectively communicate with the outside of the battery device. The first wall and the heat-conducting plate limit the phase change element in the stack, reducing the probability that the lower phase change element will shift due to external vibrations or other factors during normal use of the battery device, thus preventing it from properly absorbing the heat from the emissions. The second pressure relief chamber can discharge the emissions and the phase change material after phase change to the outside of the battery device, reducing the risk of the housing assembly cracking due to excessive pressure within the installation space.

[0020] This application also provides an energy storage device, including the battery device described in any of the foregoing embodiments. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery cell, the probability of damage to other components within the energy storage device due to the burning of emissions can be reduced.

[0021] This application also provides an electrical device, including the battery device described in any of the foregoing embodiments or the energy storage device described in the foregoing embodiments. Thus, in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery cell, the probability of damage to other components within the electrical device due to the burning of emissions can be reduced.

[0022] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes an aircraft. This reduces the probability of damage to other components within the aircraft due to the burning of emissions in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery cell, thus extending the aircraft's ability to remain airborne. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present application where the electrical device is a vehicle;

[0024] Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery device in one embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a battery device in one embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A cross-sectional diagram of position AA in the middle;

[0027] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of position B in the diagram;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 5 The diagram shows the formation of a void after the shell of a partial phase change component ruptures. The solid arrows indicate the flow direction of the emissions, and the dashed arrows indicate the direction in which the partial phase change component displaces into the void.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0030] 1000, Vehicle; 100, Battery Unit; 200, Controller; 300, Motor; 10, Housing Assembly; 10a, Installation Space; 10b, First Pressure Relief Chamber; 10c, Second Pressure Relief Chamber; 11, First Housing; 12, Second Housing; 13, First Wall; 14, Pressure Relief Valve; 20, Battery Cell; 21, Pressure Relief Mechanism; 30, Stacked Body; 30a, Accommodation Gap; 30b, Void; 31, Phase Change Component; 311, Housing; 311a, Accommodation Chamber; 312, Phase Change Material; 40, Heat Conducting Plate. Detailed Implementation

[0031] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and technical features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other. The detailed description in the specific embodiments should be understood as an explanation of the spirit of this utility model and should not be regarded as an improper limitation of this utility model.

[0032] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification and the foregoing description of the invention are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0033] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, technical terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0034] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0035] In the description of this utility model embodiment, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0036] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, for ease of explanation, as shown in the accompanying drawings, the direction of arrow X is referred to as the "first direction".

[0037] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] In the description of the embodiments of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the technical term "contact" should be interpreted broadly, and can be direct contact, contact through an intermediate medium layer, contact between two contacting parties with essentially no interaction force, or contact between two contacting parties with interaction force.

[0039] In this embodiment of the application, the battery cell can be a secondary battery, which refers to a battery cell that can be recharged to activate the active materials and continue to be used after the battery cell has been discharged.

[0040] The battery cell can be a lithium-ion battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium-lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, sodium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, magnesium-ion battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, nickel-cadmium battery, lead-acid battery, etc., and the embodiments of this application are not limited to this.

[0041] A single battery cell typically includes an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, with the separator positioned between the positive and negative electrodes. During the charging and discharging process of a single battery cell, active ions (such as lithium ions) repeatedly insert and extract between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator, positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits while allowing active ions to pass through.

[0042] In some embodiments, a pressure relief mechanism is provided on the casing of the battery cell. The pressure relief mechanism is used to release the internal gas of the battery cell.

[0043] As an example, the internal pressure or temperature of a battery cell is actuated to release the internal pressure or temperature when it reaches a predetermined threshold. When the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell reaches the predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism is activated or a weak structure in the pressure relief mechanism is broken, thereby creating an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released. The threshold design varies depending on the design requirements. The threshold may depend on the materials of one or more of the positive electrode, negative electrode, electrolyte, and separator in the battery cell.

[0044] As an example, the pressure relief mechanism can be integrally molded with the housing.

[0045] As an example, the pressure relief mechanism can also be separately installed and connected to the housing.

[0046] The term "actuation" as used in this application refers to the activation or actuation of the pressure relief mechanism to a certain state, thereby releasing the internal pressure and temperature of the battery cell. The actions of the pressure relief mechanism may include, but are not limited to: movement of components within the mechanism to form an exhaust channel, rupture, breakage, tearing, or opening of at least a portion of the mechanism, etc. When the pressure relief mechanism is activated, the high-temperature, high-pressure substances inside the battery cell are discharged as waste from the activated portion. This method allows for pressure and temperature relief of the battery cell under controllable pressure or temperature, thereby preventing potentially more serious accidents.

[0047] In some embodiments, when the housing is a non-sealed structure, the pressure relief mechanism can be configured as a through hole for venting gas inside the battery cell.

[0048] The emissions from battery cells mentioned in this application include, but are not limited to: electrolyte, dissolved or split positive and negative electrode plates, fragments of separators, high-temperature and high-pressure gases generated by the reaction, flames, etc.

[0049] The battery device mentioned in the embodiments of this application may include one or more battery cell assemblies for providing voltage and capacity. A battery cell assembly may include multiple battery cells, which are connected in series, parallel, or mixed connections via a busbar.

[0050] In some embodiments, a battery cell assembly is typically formed by arranging multiple battery cells.

[0051] As an example, a battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which is formed by arranging and fixing multiple battery cells together to form an independent module. As another example, a battery module can be formed by bundling multiple battery cells together with cable ties.

[0052] In some embodiments, see Figure 2The battery device can be a battery pack, which includes a housing assembly 10 and one or more individual battery cells housed within the housing assembly.

[0053] As an example, the battery cell assembly can be a battery module, which can be housed in the housing assembly by fixing the battery module in the housing assembly.

[0054] As an example, battery cell assemblies can also be housed within a housing assembly by directly fixing multiple battery cells to the housing assembly.

[0055] As an example, see Figure 2 The housing assembly 10 may include a first housing 11 and a second housing 12. The first housing 11 and the second housing 12 are fastened together to form a closed space inside the housing assembly 10 to house the individual battery cells. Here, "closed" refers to covering or closing, and can be either sealed or unsealed. The first housing 11 may be a top cover or a bottom plate.

[0056] As an example, the enclosure assembly may include a top cover, a frame, and a bottom plate. The top cover and bottom plate are respectively connected to the frame, so that the interior of the enclosure assembly forms an enclosed space to house the individual battery cells.

[0057] In some embodiments, the housing assembly 10 may be part of the vehicle's chassis structure. For example, a portion of the housing assembly 10 may be at least a portion of the vehicle's floor, or a portion of the housing assembly 10 may be at least a portion of the vehicle's crossbeams and longitudinal beams.

[0058] This application provides an energy storage device including one or more battery clusters to increase the voltage and capacity of the energy storage device. The battery cluster may include multiple battery devices, which are connected in series via a busbar to increase the voltage of the energy storage device. When the energy storage device includes multiple battery clusters, the multiple battery clusters are connected in parallel to increase the capacity of the energy storage device.

[0059] Energy storage devices can be used in energy storage power stations, wind power generation systems, solar power generation systems, mobile power systems, or temporary power supply systems. Energy storage devices can store electrical energy as needed and output it when appropriate. For example, an energy storage device can store electrical energy during off-peak hours and provide power to relevant users or electrical equipment during peak hours. The energy storage system provided in this application embodiment can be any power system that requires energy storage devices.

[0060] In some embodiments, the energy storage device is an energy storage container or an energy storage cabinet.

[0061] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include a cabinet and one or more battery clusters housed within the cabinet.

[0062] In some embodiments, the energy storage device may include modules such as a thermal management module, a main control module, a central control module, a power distribution module, and a fire protection module.

[0063] As an example, the thermal management module may include a liquid cooling unit that supplies coolant to each battery device via piping to regulate the temperature of the individual battery cells.

[0064] As an example, the main control module can serve as the battery management unit for the battery cluster, used to monitor and manage the battery cluster. The main control module can monitor information such as the current, voltage, power, or temperature of the battery cluster. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the battery cluster. The main control module includes modules such as an auxiliary battery management unit (SBMU) and a fusion switch.

[0065] As an example, the central control module can serve as the battery management unit for an energy storage device, used to monitor and manage the device. The central control module can monitor information such as the energy storage device's current, voltage, power, state of charge, or temperature. For instance, it can control the charging and discharging current and voltage of the energy storage device. As an example, the central control module includes modules such as an Insulation Monitoring Module (IMM), a Master Battery Management Unit (MBMU), an Ethernet (ETH) module, and a fiber optic conversion module.

[0066] As an example, a fire protection system includes control panels, detectors, alarm devices, etc., used to detect, alarm, or extinguish fires in energy storage systems.

[0067] As an example, the power distribution unit can be used to distribute power to the power modules of the energy storage device.

[0068] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application are applicable to various electrical devices that use individual battery cells, such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, electric vehicles, electric toys, power tools, vehicles, ships, and spacecraft. For example, spacecraft include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft.

[0069] In the following embodiments, for ease of explanation, a vehicle 1000 is used as an example of an electrical device according to an embodiment of this application. The description is as follows with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0070] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a vehicle 1000 provided in one embodiment of this application. The vehicle 1000 can be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a natural gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. The new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or a range-extended electric vehicle, etc. Figure 1 As shown, a battery device 100 is installed inside the vehicle 1000. The battery device 100 can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of the vehicle 1000. The battery device 100 can be used to power the vehicle 1000; for example, the battery device 100 can serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000. The vehicle 1000 may also include a controller 200 and a motor 300. The controller 200 is used to control the battery device 100 to supply power to the motor 300, for example, to meet the power needs of the vehicle 1000 during starting, navigation, and driving.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, the battery device 100 can not only serve as the operating power source for the vehicle 1000, but also as the driving power source for the vehicle 1000, replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1000.

[0072] The embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail.

[0073] In the event of thermal runaway of the electrode assembly within a battery cell, the emissions generated by the electrode assembly are discharged from the pressure relief mechanism of the battery cell to reduce the probability of the battery cell cracking and decomposition.

[0074] The battery device includes individual battery cells, and the emissions emitted by the individual battery cells flow through channels within the battery device and are eventually discharged outside the battery device.

[0075] Understandably, the high temperature of the emissions emitted by individual battery cells can conduct heat to other components within the battery pack as they flow through the pack, potentially damaging them. For example, the emissions can heat other battery cells that have not yet experienced thermal runaway, causing them to do so and increasing the number of battery cells experiencing thermal runaway within the pack.

[0076] Based on the aforementioned technical problems, this application aims to provide a battery device in which a stack of multiple phase change elements is provided on one side of the pressure relief mechanism of a battery cell. Each phase change element stores a phase change material. The emissions discharged through the pressure relief mechanism can conduct heat to the phase change elements, causing them to rupture and release material. The phase change material then undergoes a phase change to absorb the heat from the emissions. Simultaneously, unruptured phase change elements can roll and fill the space originally occupied by the ruptured elements, further absorbing heat from the emissions. In this way, more phase change elements can absorb the heat from the emissions, thereby reducing the temperature of the emissions.

[0077] Specifically, see Figures 3 to 6 This application provides a battery device 100, which includes a battery cell 20 and a phase change element 31.

[0078] The battery cell 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 21.

[0079] Multiple phase change elements 31 are stacked in multiple layers along a first direction to form a stack body 30. The stack body 30 and the pressure relief mechanism 21 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction. Each phase change element 31 includes a housing 311 and a phase change material 312. The housing 311 has a receiving cavity 311a, in which the phase change material 312 is stored. The housing 311 can be ruptured under the heat of the exhaust gas discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 21 to release the phase change material 312, and cause other phase change elements 31 in the surrounding area to be displaced towards the position of the ruptured phase change element 31 due to the loss of support from the ruptured housing 311.

[0080] The pressure relief mechanism 21 can be opened under the pressure of the discharge inside the battery cell 20 to discharge the discharge outside the battery cell 20.

[0081] Each layer of the stack 30 is formed by spreading multiple phase change elements 31 in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, and the layers are bonded together in the first direction so that the phase change elements 31 in adjacent layers support each other in the first direction.

[0082] It is understandable that in the stack 30, multiple phase change elements 31 support each other and constrain each other's positions.

[0083] The emissions emitted by the pressure relief mechanism 21 can flow toward the stack 30 in the first direction.

[0084] The housing 311 is used to store the phase change material 312 and constrain its position so that the phase change material 312 is difficult to leak or volatilize during normal use of the battery device 100.

[0085] Phase change material 312 can absorb heat by undergoing a phase change at high temperatures.

[0086] After the phase change element 31 loses the supporting force generated by surrounding objects, such as other phase change elements 31, the phase change element 31 itself can be displaced under the action of gravity or other forces.

[0087] The housing 311 can rupture under the heat of the exhaust effluent discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 21. This can be because the exhaust effluent discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 21 directly burns the housing 311, or the exhaust effluent discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 21 burns other components in the battery device 100, and the burned components then transfer heat to the housing 311.

[0088] After thermal runaway occurs in the battery cell 20 within the battery device 100, the pressure relief mechanism 21 can eject high-temperature emissions along a first direction, thereby enabling the stack 30 located on the opposite side of the pressure relief mechanism 21 along the first direction to absorb heat from the emissions. The housing 311 of the phase change element 31 in the stack 30, near the pressure relief mechanism 21, ruptures under the heat of the emissions, releasing the phase change material 312. After release, the phase change material 312 undergoes a phase change to absorb more heat, thus helping to reduce the temperature of the emissions.

[0089] See Figure 6 When the shell 311 of the phase change element 31 closest to the pressure relief mechanism 21 ruptures, a gap 30b is formed in its original position. This gap loses its supporting function for the phase change elements 31 further away from the pressure relief mechanism 21. Under the influence of gravity and the compressive force between the phase change elements 31, these further away phase change elements 31 move into the gap 30b formed by the ruptured phase change element 31, absorbing heat from the emissions and causing their shells to rupture. In this way, new phase change elements 31 continuously move into the gap 30b due to loss of support, allowing more phase change material 312 of the phase change elements 31 to absorb heat from the emissions.

[0090] In this embodiment of the battery device 100, a stack body 30 formed by stacking phase change elements 31 is provided on the opposite side of the pressure relief mechanism 21. This allows some phase change elements 31 in the stack body 30 to rupture under the heat of the emissions ejected by the pressure relief mechanism 21, while other phase change elements 31 can be displaced to fill the gaps 30b created by the ruptured phase change elements 31. This facilitates the use of the phase change material 312 of the phase change elements 31 to absorb the heat of the emissions, which is beneficial for better reducing the temperature of the emissions and for continuous cooling of the emissions. It also reduces the risk of the emissions transferring heat to other components in the battery device 100 and causing damage, and improves the utilization rate of the phase change elements 31.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first direction is along the straight line where the direction of gravity lies.

[0092] This makes it easier for the phase change element 31 to move towards the gap 30b created by the broken phase change element 31 under its own gravity after losing the support of the broken phase change element 31, without the need for additional force to cause the phase change element 31 to shift.

[0093] The specific manner in which the phase change element 31 is displaced after losing support is not limited. For example, the phase change element 31 may slip or roll.

[0094] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 and Figure 5At least one cross-sectional shape of the phase change element 31 along the first direction is circular.

[0095] It is understandable that the cross-sectional shape is circular, and its center of mass is located at the center of the cross-section. This reduces the displacement of the center of mass in the direction of gravity during rolling, thus making it more conducive to rolling under external forces.

[0096] This makes it easier for the phase change element 31 to generate displacement by rolling. The rolling friction required to overcome is lower, which makes it easier for the phase change element 31 to overcome resistance and move into the gap 30b created by the broken phase change element 31. This allows the phase change element 31 to enter the gap 30b more quickly, improving the efficiency of cooling the emissions.

[0097] The specific manner in which at least one cross-sectional shape of the phase change element 31 along the first direction is circular is not limited. For example, the phase change element 31 is a cylindrical structure, with the axis of the cylinder perpendicular to the first direction; or the phase change element 31 is an ellipsoidal structure, with the major axis of the ellipsoidal structure perpendicular to the first direction.

[0098] In some embodiments, the phase change element 31 is a sphere.

[0099] Thus, the gap 30b generated by the phase change element 31, which is conducive to rupture, is located in any direction of the phase change element 31. The phase change element 31 can easily roll toward the gap 30b when it loses its support, which is conducive to the phase change element 31 entering the gap 30b more quickly and improving the efficiency of cooling the emissions.

[0100] It is understandable that in embodiments where the phase change element 31 is a sphere, the outer contour of the housing 311 is spherical.

[0101] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 In the same layer of the stack 30, the phase change elements 31 are attached to each other, which improves space utilization and allows for the arrangement of more phase change elements 31.

[0102] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 In the same layer of the stack 30, a portion of each adjacent phase change element 31 is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the first direction to form a receiving gap 30a. The receiving gap 30a is open toward the phase change element 31 of the adjacent layer. A portion of the phase change element 31 of the adjacent layer is located in the receiving gap 30a and abuts against each phase change element 31 forming the receiving gap 30a.

[0103] The phase change elements 31 of two adjacent layers are staggered in a direction perpendicular to the first direction, so that a portion of the phase change element 31 of one layer can enter the receiving gap 30a formed by the phase change element 31 of the other layer, and be abutted by each phase change element 31 forming the receiving gap 30a to constrain its position.

[0104] Thus, on the one hand, by allowing the phase change element 31 to enter the receiving gap 30a, it is beneficial to reduce the overall size of the stack 30 along the first direction, improve space utilization, and facilitate the arrangement of more phase change elements 31 in the battery device 100; on the other hand, among the multiple phase change elements 31 forming the receiving gap 30a, as long as at least one of them is thermally broken, the phase change element 31 located in the receiving gap 30a can lose part of its constraint, thereby increasing the probability of its displacement, which in turn facilitates the phase change element 31 to enter the gap 30b more quickly, improving the efficiency of cooling emissions.

[0105] The specific number of phase change elements 31 that form the accommodating gap 30a is not limited, and can be two, three, four, etc.

[0106] The specific material type of the housing 311 is not limited.

[0107] For example, the material of the shell 311 includes one of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate, protein, and chitosan.

[0108] Silicon dioxide is chemically stable, insoluble in water, and does not react with water. Its low production cost makes it advantageous for long-term preservation of the phase change material 312. While silicon dioxide is used, the shell 311 can be made of glass, quartz, or other materials.

[0109] Titanium dioxide has very stable chemical properties, which is beneficial for the long-term preservation of phase change material 312.

[0110] Polyethylene glycol has a melting point higher than that of the general natural environment, which is conducive to its stability in the natural environment and its melting under the heat of emissions; it is non-toxic and does not easily react with solvents, so it can be used to prepare capsules to store phase change material 312, which is beneficial for the long-term preservation of phase change material 312.

[0111] Polymethyl methacrylate, also known as acrylic glass, has a low density and low manufacturing cost. Its melting point is higher than that of the general natural environment, which helps it remain stable in the natural environment but melts under the heat of emissions.

[0112] Proteins remain stable in the natural environment, but melt and break down under the heat of emissions.

[0113] Chitosan is often used to prepare membrane materials for storing phase change materials 312.

[0114] Thus, using the above-mentioned materials is beneficial for long-term storage of phase change material 312 under normal operating conditions of battery device 100, reducing the risk of leakage and deterioration of phase change material 312, and also beneficial for the casing 311 to melt and decompose under the normal action of emissions.

[0115] The specific materials used in phase change material 312 are not limited.

[0116] For example, the phase change material 312 includes one of n-tetradecyl alcohol, paraffin wax, stearic acid, lauric acid, hydrated salt of crystallization, hydrated salt of eutectic, and metal.

[0117] Thus, by using the above-mentioned material, it is advantageous for the phase change material 312 to be in different phases under the normal operating conditions of the battery device 100 and under the heat effect of the emissions, so that the phase change material 312 can absorb more heat during the phase change process and reduce the temperature of the emissions.

[0118] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 There are multiple pressure relief mechanisms 21. In the projection perpendicular to the first direction, the projection of each pressure relief mechanism 21 is located within the projection range of the stack 30.

[0119] In other words, the emissions from each pressure relief mechanism 21 can exchange heat with the same stack 30.

[0120] Thus, for any emissions discharged by any pressure relief mechanism 21, all phase change components 31 in the stack 30 may reduce the temperature of the emissions by releasing phase change material 312 to undergo phase change, which is beneficial to improving the cooling effect on the emissions.

[0121] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 The stack body 30 and the pressure relief mechanism 21 are spaced apart along the first direction.

[0122] This allows the emissions to diffuse in the gap between the stack 30 and the pressure relief mechanism 21 after colliding with the stack 30, increasing the area for heat exchange between the emissions and the stack 30. This, in turn, facilitates the rupture of more phase change elements 31 to release the phase change material 312. Furthermore, it helps reduce the probability that the emissions will rebound and flow toward the pressure relief mechanism 21, thereby hindering the subsequent discharge of emissions from the pressure relief mechanism 21.

[0123] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The battery device 100 also includes a heat-conducting plate 40, which is located between the stack 30 and the pressure relief mechanism 21, and the heat-conducting plate 40 is attached to the stack 30.

[0124] It is understandable that the thermal conductivity of the material of the heat-conducting plate 40 is greater than that of the material of the shell 311.

[0125] In other words, after the emissions come into contact with the heat-conducting plate 40, they transfer heat to the heat-conducting plate 40, and then the heat-conducting plate 40 transfers the heat to the stack 30.

[0126] Thus, after the emissions are discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 21, the emissions come into contact with the heat-conducting plate 40. Since the heat-conducting plate 40 has a stronger thermal conductivity than the shell 311, it can more quickly transfer heat to more phase change elements 31, which is conducive to releasing more phase change material 312, thereby improving the cooling effect on the emissions.

[0127] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 The heat-conducting plate 40 and the battery cell 20 are spaced apart along the first direction to form a first pressure relief chamber 10b, which can be selectively connected to the outside of the battery device 100.

[0128] This allows the emissions to diffuse within the first pressure relief chamber 10b after colliding with the heat-conducting plate 40, increasing the area for heat exchange between the emissions and the stack 30. This, in turn, facilitates the rupture of more phase change elements 31, releasing the phase change material 312. Simultaneously, it reduces the probability that the emissions will rebound and flow toward the pressure relief mechanism 21, thereby hindering subsequent emissions from being discharged from the pressure relief mechanism 21. Furthermore, the connection between the first pressure relief chamber 10b and the outside of the battery device 100 allows the emissions to be discharged outside the battery device 100, reducing the risk of the battery device 100 cracking due to the pressure of the emissions.

[0129] By attaching the heat-conducting plate 40 to the stack 30, the phase change element 31 in the stack 30 can be limited, reducing the probability that the lower phase change element 31 will shift due to external vibration or other factors during normal use of the battery device 100, thus failing to properly absorb the heat of the emissions.

[0130] The specific manner in which the first pressure relief chamber 10b can be selectively connected to the external environment of the battery device 100 is not limited.

[0131] For example, see Figure 2 The battery device 100 also includes a pressure relief valve 14, which is connected to the first pressure relief chamber 10b. When the pressure in the first pressure relief chamber 10b meets the opening requirements of the pressure relief valve 14, the pressure relief valve 14 opens, so that the discharge in the first pressure relief chamber 10b passes through the pressure relief valve 14 and is discharged outside the battery device 100.

[0132] In some embodiments, the material of the heat-conducting plate 40 includes one of aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, and lithium-aluminum alloy.

[0133] Thus, using the above-mentioned materials is beneficial to improving the heat conduction effect of the heat-conducting plate 40, so that a larger area of ​​the phase change element 31 can be heated quickly; at the same time, the above-mentioned materials have high structural strength and can withstand the impact of emissions for a longer period of time; in addition, the material has low density, which is beneficial to reducing the overall weight of the battery device 100.

[0134] It is understandable that after the emissions burn the heat-conducting plate 40 for a long time, a part of the heat-conducting plate 40 can be melted through, and the emissions can reach the side of the heat-conducting plate 40 away from the pressure relief mechanism 21 through the melted part, and come into direct contact with the phase change element 31.

[0135] In some embodiments, see Figure 4 and Figure 5 The battery device 100 also includes a housing assembly 10, which has an installation space 10a. The battery cell 20, the heat-conducting plate 40, and the stack 30 are all located in the installation space 10a. The inner wall of the installation space 10a includes a first wall 13, which is located on the side of the heat-conducting plate 40 away from the pressure relief mechanism 21 along a first direction. The first wall 13 and the heat-conducting plate 40 are spaced apart along the first direction to form a second pressure relief cavity 10c. The stack 30 is located in the second pressure relief cavity 10c. The second pressure relief cavity 10c can be selectively connected to the outside of the battery device 100.

[0136] The housing assembly 10 provides mounting positions for the battery cells 20, the heat conduction plate 40, and the stack 30, and also provides some protection.

[0137] The first wall 13 and the heat-conducting plate 40 limit the phase change element 31 in the stack 30, reducing the probability that the lower phase change element 31 will shift due to external vibration and other factors during normal use of the battery device 100, thus failing to absorb the heat of the emissions normally; the second pressure relief chamber 10c can discharge the emissions and the phase change material 312 after phase change to the outside of the battery device 100, reducing the risk of the housing assembly 10 cracking due to excessive pressure in the installation space 10a.

[0138] The battery device 100 in a specific embodiment of this application is as follows:

[0139] The battery device 100 includes a battery cell 20, a phase change element 31, a heat-conducting plate 40, and a housing assembly 10. The battery cell 20 includes a pressure relief mechanism 21. Multiple phase change elements 31 are stacked in multiple layers along a first direction to form a stack body 30. The stack body 30 and the pressure relief mechanism 21 are arranged opposite to each other along the first direction. The phase change element 31 includes a housing 311 and a phase change material 312. The housing 311 has a receiving cavity 311a, in which the phase change material 312 is stored. The housing 311 can be ruptured under the heat of the exhaust gas discharged by the pressure relief mechanism 21 to release the phase change material 312, and cause the surrounding phase change elements 31 to be displaced towards the ruptured phase change element 31 due to the loss of the support of the housing 311. The phase change element 31 is a sphere. In the same layer of the stack 30, a portion of each adjacent phase change element 31 forms a receiving gap 30a perpendicular to the first direction. The receiving gap 30a is open toward the phase change element 31 of the adjacent layer, and a portion of the phase change element 31 of the adjacent layer is located within the receiving gap 30a and abuts against each phase change element 31 forming the receiving gap 30a. The material of the housing 311 includes one of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate, protein, and chitosan; the phase change material 312 includes one of n-tetradecyl alcohol, paraffin wax, stearic acid, lauric acid, crystalline hydrated salt, eutectic hydrated salt, and metal. A heat-conducting plate 40 is located between the stack 30 and the pressure relief mechanism 21, and the heat-conducting plate 40 is in contact with the stack 30. The heat-conducting plate 40 and the battery cell 20 are spaced apart along the first direction to form a first pressure relief cavity 10b, which can selectively communicate with the outside of the battery device 100. The heat-conducting plate 40 is made of one of the following materials: aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, and lithium-aluminum alloy. The housing assembly 10 has an installation space 10a within it. The battery cell 20, heat-conducting plate 40, and stack 30 are all located within the installation space 10a. The inner wall of the installation space 10a includes a first wall 13, located on the side of the heat-conducting plate 40 facing away from the pressure relief mechanism 21 along a first direction. The first wall 13 and the heat-conducting plate 40 are spaced apart along the first direction to form a second pressure relief cavity 10c. The stack 30 is located within the second pressure relief cavity 10c, which can selectively communicate with the outside of the battery device 100.

[0140] This application also provides an energy storage device, which includes the battery device 100 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0141] In this way, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the probability of damage to other components in the energy storage device due to the burning of emissions can be reduced.

[0142] This application also provides an electrical device, which includes the battery device 100 in the foregoing embodiments or the energy storage device in the foregoing embodiments.

[0143] In this way, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the probability of damage to other components in the electrical device due to the burning of emissions can be reduced.

[0144] In some embodiments, the electrical device includes an aircraft.

[0145] Aircraft generally refer to machines that fly within or outside the atmosphere (space), and can include aircraft flying within the atmosphere and spacecraft flying in space. Aircraft can include airplanes, airships, etc., and for example, low-altitude aircraft, eVTOL (electric vertical take-off and landing) aircraft, commuter aircraft, regional aircraft, etc. Spacecraft can include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft.

[0146] In this way, in the event of thermal runaway of the battery cell 20, the probability of damage to other components inside the aircraft due to the burning of emissions can be reduced, thus extending the aircraft's ability to maintain flight.

[0147] The various embodiments / implementations provided by this utility model can be combined with each other without creating contradictions.

[0148] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present utility model. For those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present utility model can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the embodiments of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the embodiments of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A battery device, characterized in that, The battery device includes: Battery cell, including pressure relief mechanism; A phase change element, wherein multiple phase change elements are stacked in multiple layers along a first direction to form a stack body, the stack body and the pressure relief mechanism are disposed opposite to each other along the first direction, the phase change element includes a shell and a phase change material, the shell is provided with a receiving cavity, the phase change material is stored in the receiving cavity, the shell can be ruptured under the heat of the exhaust discharged by the pressure relief mechanism to release the phase change material, and the other phase change elements in the vicinity will be displaced toward the position of the ruptured phase change element due to the loss of support from the ruptured shell.

2. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change element has at least one circular cross-sectional shape along the first direction.

3. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phase change element is a sphere.

4. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the same layer of the stack, a portion of each of the adjacent phase change elements forms a receiving gap perpendicular to the first direction. The receiving gap is open toward the phase change element of the adjacent layer, and a portion of the phase change element of the adjacent layer is located within the receiving gap and abuts against each of the phase change elements forming the receiving gap.

5. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell material includes one of the following: silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, polyethylene glycol, polymethyl methacrylate, protein, and chitosan; And / or, the phase change material includes one of the following: n-tetradecyl alcohol, paraffin wax, stearic acid, lauric acid, hydrated crystalline salt, eutectic hydrated salt, and metal.

6. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stack and the pressure relief mechanism are spaced apart along the first direction.

7. The battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery device also includes a heat-conducting plate located between the stack and the pressure relief mechanism, and the heat-conducting plate is in contact with the stack.

8. The battery device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat-conducting plate and the battery cell are spaced apart along the first direction to form a first pressure relief chamber, which can be selectively connected to the outside of the battery device.

9. The battery device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The heat-conducting plate is made of one of the following materials: aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, lithium-magnesium alloy, and lithium-aluminum alloy.

10. The battery device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery device further includes a housing assembly, which has an installation space. The battery cell, the heat-conducting plate, and the stack are all disposed in the installation space. The inner wall of the installation space includes a first wall, which is located on the side of the heat-conducting plate away from the pressure relief mechanism along the first direction. The first wall and the heat-conducting plate are spaced apart along the first direction to form a second pressure relief cavity. The stack is located in the second pressure relief cavity, which can selectively communicate with the outside of the battery device.

11. An energy storage device, characterized in that, Includes the battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

12. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, Includes the battery device according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or the energy storage device according to claim 11.

13. The electrical appliance according to claim 12, characterized in that, The electrical equipment includes aircraft.

Images