Intelligent building heating ventilation air conditioner control system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of heating, ventilating and air conditioning control, in particular to an intelligent building heating, ventilating and air conditioning control system. The system is composed of an environmental parameter acquisition module, a main controller, an actuator group and a communication module, the environmental parameter acquisition module comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an air quality sensor which are arranged in a building space, and the main controller is integrated with a data processing module and a storage module. The actuator set comprises a frequency conversion fan, an electric control valve and a compressor. The utility model provides an intelligent building heating, ventilating and air conditioning control system which can integrate multi-dimensional environment perception, supports dynamic hierarchical control and has high expansibility communication capability, so as to solve the problems of extensive environment regulation and control, low energy efficiency ratio, insufficient man-machine interaction and the like in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of HVAC control technology, and in particular to a smart building HVAC control system. Background Technology

[0002] As the core equipment for modern building environmental control, the level of intelligence in HVAC systems directly affects the building's energy efficiency and user comfort. Traditional HVAC control systems often rely on a single environmental parameter (such as temperature) as the basis for control, triggering actuator actions through fixed thresholds. This results in insufficient environmental perception and rigid control strategies. For example, conventional temperature sensors typically use single-point thermocouples or thermistors, making it difficult to dynamically monitor the temperature field within the building space. Simultaneously, the lack of detection of air quality parameters (such as PM2.5 and CO2 concentrations) prevents the system from responding to environmental degradation caused by indoor air pollution or changes in occupant density.

[0003] In existing technologies, some improvements enhance system functionality by adding sensor types or introducing communication modules, but significant drawbacks remain: First, sensor placement is limited to the interior of the building space, failing to consider real-time monitoring of key parameters such as flow rate and pressure within ventilation ducts, resulting in insufficient airflow adjustment accuracy. Second, control logic primarily employs on / off commands (e.g., full speed / stop), lacking a tiered adjustment mechanism based on environmental parameter deviations, easily leading to energy waste. Third, communication modules have limited functionality (e.g., only supporting wired RS485), making it difficult to meet the needs of remote interaction with mobile terminals and multi-device collaborative control. Furthermore, the actuator components lack sufficient control dimensions (e.g., the absence of an airflow direction adjustment mechanism), limiting the flexibility of optimizing the local spatial environment. Utility Model Content

[0004] This invention proposes a smart building HVAC control system that integrates multi-dimensional environmental perception, supports dynamic hierarchical control, and has highly scalable communication capabilities, in order to solve problems such as extensive environmental control, low energy efficiency ratio, and insufficient human-computer interaction in existing technologies.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is as follows: a smart building HVAC control system, comprising an environmental parameter acquisition module, a main controller, an actuator group, and a communication module. The environmental parameter acquisition module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and an air quality sensor installed in the building space. The main controller integrates a data processing module and a storage module. The actuator group includes a variable frequency fan, an electric regulating valve, and a compressor. The environmental parameter acquisition module is connected to the data input terminal of the main controller via a wired connection. The control output terminal of the main controller is connected to the actuator group via a control line. The communication module is bidirectionally connected to the main controller via an RS485 bus.

[0006] As a further improvement of this utility model, the temperature sensor is an infrared array temperature sensor, the humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor, and the air quality sensor includes a PM2.5 detection unit and a CO2 concentration detection unit.

[0007] As a further improvement of this utility model, the environmental parameter acquisition module also includes a flow sensor and a pressure sensor disposed on the inner wall of each ventilation duct, wherein the flow sensor is a turbine flow meter and the pressure sensor is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.

[0008] As a further improvement of this utility model, the data processing module of the main controller is configured to perform the following processing flow: receive environmental parameter data collected by each sensor in real time, compare the current data with the preset threshold range in the storage module, and generate corresponding control commands when at least one parameter is detected to exceed the threshold range.

[0009] As a further improvement of this utility model, the control commands include speed adjustment commands for the variable frequency fan, opening adjustment commands for the electric regulating valve, and start / stop control commands for the compressor. The main controller generates graded control commands based on the degree to which environmental parameters deviate from the threshold.

[0010] As a further improvement of this utility model, the communication module includes a Wi-Fi communication unit and a Bluetooth communication unit. The Wi-Fi communication unit is connected to the building's local area network, and the Bluetooth communication unit is configured to establish a pairing connection with a mobile terminal.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: By constructing a multi-dimensional environmental sensing network (covering temperature, humidity, air quality, flow rate, and pressure parameters of building space and ventilation ducts), a dynamic hierarchical control strategy (generating hierarchical commands for variable frequency fan speed, electric valve opening, and compressor start / stop based on the degree of parameter deviation from thresholds), and a multi-mode communication architecture (RS485, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth collaboration), this utility model achieves a synergistic improvement in environmental control accuracy, energy efficiency optimization, and human-machine interaction capabilities. Specifically, the combined application of infrared array temperature sensors and pipeline flow / pressure sensors significantly improves the uniformity of the spatial temperature field and the response speed of airflow adjustment; the hierarchical control logic avoids energy waste associated with traditional on / off control by matching the dynamic offset of environmental parameters; and the dual-mode Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication, while ensuring industrial-grade reliability, supports remote control via mobile terminals and multi-device network management, ultimately achieving the core goals of refined, intelligent, and low-energy operation of building HVAC systems. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a system block diagram of a smart building HVAC control system according to this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0013] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0014] This utility model provides a smart building HVAC control system, which consists of an environmental parameter acquisition module, a main controller, an actuator group, and a communication module. The environmental parameter acquisition module includes temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and air quality sensors installed in the building space. The main controller integrates a data processing module and a storage module. The actuator group includes a variable frequency fan, an electric regulating valve, and a compressor. The environmental parameter acquisition module is connected to the data input terminal of the main controller via a wired connection. The control output terminal of the main controller is connected to the actuator group via a control line. The communication module is bidirectionally connected to the main controller via an RS485 bus.

[0015] In this invention, the temperature sensor is an infrared array temperature sensor, the humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor, and the air quality sensor includes a PM2.5 detection unit and a CO2 concentration detection unit.

[0016] The environmental parameter acquisition module of this utility model also includes a flow sensor and a pressure sensor installed on the inner wall of each ventilation duct. The flow sensor is a turbine flow meter and the pressure sensor is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.

[0017] In this invention, the data processing module of the main controller is configured to perform the following processing flow: receive environmental parameter data collected by each sensor in real time, compare the current data with the preset threshold range in the storage module, and generate corresponding control commands when at least one parameter is detected to exceed the threshold range.

[0018] In this invention, the control commands include speed adjustment commands for the variable frequency fan, opening adjustment commands for the electric regulating valve, and start / stop control commands for the compressor. The main controller generates graded control commands based on the degree to which environmental parameters deviate from the threshold.

[0019] The communication module of this invention includes a Wi-Fi communication unit and a Bluetooth communication unit. The Wi-Fi communication unit is connected to the building's local area network, and the Bluetooth communication unit is configured to establish a pairing connection with a mobile terminal.

[0020] Example:

[0021] This embodiment is applied to an office building, and its workflow and specific implementation method are as follows.

[0022] (I) System Deployment

[0023] Environmental parameter acquisition modules were deployed in public areas and offices on each floor of the building.

[0024] An infrared array temperature sensor (model AMG8833) is installed in the center of the ceiling to monitor the temperature distribution within a 3m×3m area using an 8×8 pixel array, generating thermal map data every 5 minutes.

[0025] The capacitive humidity sensor (model HIH6130) and the PM2.5 / CO2 composite sensor (model SDS011+S8-CO2) are integrated together in an 86-type wall-mounted junction box, 1.5m above the ground, with a sampling period of 30 seconds.

[0026] Turbine flow meters (model LWGY-25, accuracy ±1.5%) and piezoresistive pressure sensors (model MPX5700, range 0-700kPa) are embedded in the inner walls of the main air supply duct and each branch duct of the central air conditioning system to monitor air volume and static pressure in real time.

[0027] (ii) Implementation of control logic

[0028] The main controller (using an STM32F407 chip) executes the following control flow:

[0029] Data fusion stage: Data from each sensor is collected by polling via CAN bus, and the detection values ​​of multiple infrared temperature sensors in the same area are weighted and averaged to eliminate local heat source interference;

[0030] Threshold comparison stage: retrieve preset parameter thresholds (summer temperature set to 24±0.5℃, CO2 concentration ≤800ppm, pipeline static pressure ≥250kPa) from the storage module (W25Q128 flash memory).

[0031] Graded control stage: (1) Level 1 adjustment (parameter deviation ≤ 10%): send electric regulating valve opening adjustment command (step 5% / minute), and simultaneously fine-tune the variable frequency fan speed (±5Hz); (2) Level 2 adjustment (parameter deviation 10-20%): start the compressor and set the cooling capacity level (3 levels of 50% / 75% / 100%), and at the same time increase the fan speed to 120% of the reference frequency; (3) Level 3 adjustment (parameter deviation > 20%): trigger audible and visual alarm and push mobile terminal notification, and force switch to full speed operation mode.

[0032] (III) Examples of Communication Interaction

[0033] Device networking: The main controller is connected to the building energy management system (BEMS) via RS485 bus to upload real-time energy consumption data (baud rate 19200bps, Modbus-RTU protocol).

[0034] Mobile control: Users send commands via mobile APP (based on Bluetooth BLE5.0 protocol), such as setting the meeting room temperature to temporarily drop to 22℃. After receiving the command, the main controller: (1) verifies user permissions and records operation log; (2) updates the temperature threshold in the storage module; (3) starts the directional air supply mode and controls the wind direction adjustment mechanism (42 stepper motor driven, angle adjustment accuracy ±1°) in the corresponding area to enhance the delivery of cold air.

[0035] (iv) Verification of operational effectiveness

[0036] Data comparison after one week of system operation shows that: (1) the standard deviation of temperature uniformity decreased from 2.3℃ in the traditional system to 0.8℃; (2) the response time of the variable frequency speed regulation of the fan was shortened from 45 seconds in the original system to 12 seconds; (3) due to the implementation of the hierarchical control strategy, the number of compressor start-stop times per day decreased by 67%, and the overall energy consumption decreased by 22%.

[0037] Therefore, as can be seen from the above embodiments, this system significantly improves the operating efficiency and energy utilization of the HVAC system in smart buildings. Compared with traditional systems, this invention not only achieves more uniform temperature distribution, reducing discomfort caused by uneven heating and cooling, but also significantly shortens the fan response time and improves the system's sensitivity and stability through the optimization of variable frequency speed control technology. Furthermore, the effective implementation of the hierarchical control strategy greatly reduces the frequent start-stop of the compressor, extends equipment lifespan, and achieves a significant reduction in energy consumption, aligning with the current development trend of green buildings and energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0038] Meanwhile, this utility model's intelligent building HVAC control system also integrates Wi-Fi and Bluetooth communication modules, enabling convenient interaction with mobile terminals. This not only allows users to remotely monitor and adjust environmental parameters anytime, anywhere, but also supports multi-device network management, providing strong support for the intelligent management and operation of buildings. This highly scalable communication architecture not only meets current usage needs but also reserves ample space for future system upgrades and functional expansion.

[0039] In summary, the intelligent building HVAC control system of this utility model has achieved remarkable results in terms of environmental control precision, energy efficiency optimization, and human-computer interaction capabilities, providing strong technical support for the intelligent and green development of modern buildings.

[0040] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A smart building HVAC control system, characterized in that: It consists of an environmental parameter acquisition module, a main controller, an actuator group, and a communication module. The environmental parameter acquisition module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and an air quality sensor installed in the building space. The main controller integrates a data processing module and a storage module. The actuator group includes a variable frequency fan, an electric regulating valve, and a compressor. The environmental parameter acquisition module is connected to the data input terminal of the main controller via a wired connection. The control output terminal of the main controller is connected to the actuator group via a control line. The communication module is bidirectionally connected to the main controller via an RS485 bus.

2. The intelligent building HVAC control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature sensor is an infrared array temperature sensor, the humidity sensor is a capacitive humidity sensor, and the air quality sensor includes a PM2.5 detection unit and a CO2 concentration detection unit.

3. The intelligent building HVAC control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental parameter acquisition module also includes flow sensors and pressure sensors installed on the inner walls of each ventilation duct. The flow sensors are turbine flow meters, and the pressure sensors are piezoresistive pressure sensors.

4. The intelligent building HVAC control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing module of the main controller is configured to perform the following processing flow: receive environmental parameter data collected by each sensor in real time, compare the current data with the preset threshold range in the storage module, and generate corresponding control commands when at least one parameter is detected to exceed the threshold range.

5. A smart building HVAC control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control commands include speed adjustment commands for the variable frequency fan, opening adjustment commands for the electric regulating valve, and start / stop control commands for the compressor. The main controller generates graded control commands based on the degree to which environmental parameters deviate from the threshold.

6. A smart building HVAC control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The communication module includes a Wi-Fi communication unit and a Bluetooth communication unit. The Wi-Fi communication unit is connected to the building's local area network, and the Bluetooth communication unit is configured to establish a pairing connection with a mobile terminal.

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