Automatic telescopic rock burst protection structure and open-type TBM (tunnel boring machine)

Abstract

The utility model discloses an automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure and an open type TBM, and solves the problems that in the prior art, a protection structure cannot achieve an automatic telescopic function in an LI area of the TBM and is poor in rockburst protection capacity. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure comprises a guide rail, a plurality of main supports capable of moving along the guide rail are arranged on the guide rail, and flexible damping pieces are arranged on the main supports. Flexible protection structures are arranged at the tops of the main supports, and locking mechanisms corresponding to the guide rails are arranged at the bottoms of the main supports; and a blocking mechanism corresponding to the main support is arranged on the guide rail. According to the utility model, the plurality of main supports slide on the guide rail and are matched with the flexible protection structure at the top, so that the flexible protection structure can be randomly moved and folded along with the main beam in the expansion and contraction process of the rockburst protection structure without occupying too large space; and a full-shielding protection structure is formed at the top of the main support, so that the protection effect of the LI area of the TBM is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel construction technology, and in particular to a rockburst protection structure. Background Technology

[0002] During underground engineering excavation under high ground stress conditions, TBMs (Tunnel Boring Machines) frequently encounter rockbursts, a geological hazard that directly impacts and damages TBM equipment, posing a serious threat to the lives of construction workers and causing significant economic losses and social impact. To address the hazards of rockbursts, TBMs are designed with protective structures in their auxiliary sections. These structures can, to a certain extent, withstand the impact of rockbursts and protect the safety of equipment and personnel in these areas. However, in the segment assembly machine area between the TBM main unit and the main beam, due to the specific space requirements of the equipment, a fixed protective structure cannot be formed. This makes this area a high-risk zone during rockbursts, highly susceptible to damage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rockburst protection structure suitable for this area that can protect equipment and personnel during rockbursts without hindering equipment operation.

[0003] Existing patents, such as CN219974528U, describe an adjustable rockburst protection cover for use in the face area of ​​drill-and-blast construction, but it cannot be used for rockburst protection in TBMs. CN218839601U provides a rockburst protection trolley that uses an elastic net to resist rockbursts and telescopic rods to control the structure's extension and retraction, but its rockburst impact resistance is weak and it cannot be mounted on a TBM. CN111140265A and CN111042840A improve the rockburst protection capability of the device by refining the protective structure, but they cannot achieve automatic extension and retraction on TBM equipment.

[0004] The existing rockburst protection devices mentioned above only consider the rockburst protection function and cannot realize the automatic retraction function in the LI area of ​​the TBM. The LI area of ​​the TBM will be equipped with anchor drilling rigs and emergency shotcrete systems, and the rockburst protection capability is weak and cannot effectively cope with large rockburst impacts. Therefore, it is necessary to design an automatic retraction rockburst protection structure for open TBMs. Utility Model Content

[0005] To address the shortcomings in the aforementioned background technology, this utility model proposes an automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure and an open-type TBM, which solves the problems that the existing protection structure cannot achieve automatic telescopic function in the L1 area of ​​the TBM and has weak rockburst protection capability.

[0006] The technical solution of this utility model is achieved as follows: an automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure includes a guide rail, on which are provided several main supports that can move along the guide rail, and each main support is provided with a flexible damping element; a flexible protective structure is provided on the top of each main support, and a locking mechanism corresponding to the guide rail is provided on the bottom of each main support; a blocking mechanism corresponding to the main support is provided on the guide rail. The locking mechanism and the blocking mechanism cooperate to stably limit and fix the main supports, preventing shaking or unnecessary slippage; the flexible protective structure, together with the main supports that can move along the guide rail and the flexible damping elements, allows the rockburst protection structure to quickly and automatically deploy when the TBM equipment faces the risk of rockburst or needs protection, forming a robust protective barrier. Its deployment action is precise and efficient, and can promptly block various factors that may damage the equipment at critical moments, such as high-speed ejected rockburst fragments and powerful impact forces, providing comprehensive and reliable protection for the equipment. When protection is not required, the protective structure will automatically fold up, ensuring that the equipment can perform various tasks without hindrance, providing an excellent solution for balancing equipment protection and normal operation.

[0007] Further preferably, the main support includes two pillars and a main beam spanning the two pillars. The main beam is connected to the pillars via flexible damping elements, and a flexible protective structure is connected to the main beam. The flexible protective structure is a carbon fiber mesh, which is fixed to the main beam of the two adjacent main supports by bolts. A locking mechanism is located at the bottom of the pillars. The mesh structure of the carbon fiber mesh can accurately and effectively capture high-speed ejected rockburst fragments during a rockburst.

[0008] Further preferably, the flexible damping element includes damping pistons disposed at both ends of the main beam and a damping cavity formed in the upper part of the support column. The damping pistons are located within the damping cavity, and the damping cavity contains a damping medium. The flexible damping element can rapidly absorb and dissipate most of the impact energy, improving rockburst protection capability.

[0009] In a further preferred embodiment, the bottom of the support column has a groove that matches the guide rail, and a double drive roller is installed in the groove, which contacts the guide rail. The double drive roller is connected to a drive motor embedded in the support column. The drive roller enables the protective structure to automatically extend and fold on the guide rail.

[0010] Further preferably, the locking mechanism includes a positioning pin vertically disposed within a slide groove. The positioning pin is connected to a first driving member embedded within the support column. A positioning hole corresponding to the positioning pin is provided on the guide rail. Under the action of the first driving member, the positioning pin is inserted into the positioning hole and locks the support column. The first driving member is a pneumatic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electromagnetic actuator. When the first driving member is an electromagnetic actuator, the positioning pin is a magnetic pin. The locking mechanism secures the entire protective structure to the guide rail.

[0011] Further preferably, the blocking mechanism includes a stop block vertically disposed on the guide rail, the stop block being slidably engaged with a limiting hole disposed on the guide rail, and a second driving member for driving the stop block to move up and down is provided in the limiting hole; the second driving member is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The blocking mechanism further improves the stability of the entire protective structure on the guide rail.

[0012] Further optimized, auxiliary support rods are provided on both the front and rear sides of the main support. One end of each auxiliary support rod is hinged to a sliding top seat, and the other end is hinged to a sliding base. The sliding top seat slides in engagement with a vertical slide rail on the main support, and the sliding base slides in engagement with a T-slot on the guide rail. The auxiliary support rods are used to connect the main support and also improve its extension and folding stability.

[0013] Further optimized, the two auxiliary support rods between two adjacent main supports are hinged on the same sliding base and arranged in a V-shape; the sliding bases hinged to the auxiliary support rods at the two ends are single sliding roller seats, which are slidably mounted on the guide rail, and the single sliding roller seats are equipped with rollers that roll in cooperation with the guide rail; ensuring the smoothness of the extension and folding of the entire protective structure.

[0014] An open-type TBM employs the aforementioned automatic retractable rockburst protection structure.

[0015] Further optimization involves placing the automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure in the TBM spraying area or placing the automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure on the construction trolley.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model adopts several main supports that slide on guide rails and are combined with a flexible protective structure at the top. During the expansion and contraction of the rockburst protection structure, the flexible protective structure moves and folds freely with the main beam, without occupying too much space; moreover, a fully shielded protective structure is formed at the top of the main supports, improving the protective effect. The damping piston of the flexible damping element adopts a ball-head structure, which can float in multiple directions within the damping cavity. Combined with the damping medium, it can consume the energy generated by rockbursts in various directions, thereby reducing vibration and impact, avoiding damage to other structures, and overcoming the drawback of traditional dampers that consume energy in one direction. Carbon fiber mesh is used to capture rockburst fragments, and steel beams are used to transmit force and energy. Moreover, through the synergistic effect of high-strength carbon fiber mesh and flexible damping elements, the rockburst protection capability of the structure is greatly improved, and the protective structure is lightweight.

[0017] The locking mechanism secures the main support to the guide rail, ensuring its stability. The blocking mechanism further secures the main support on the guide rail, preventing unnecessary shaking or slippage. The combined effect of the locking and blocking mechanisms, utilizing pins, stops, and supports, further enhances the stability of the main support. The base of the support column is equipped with dual-drive rollers, enabling rapid extension and retraction on the guide rail. This allows for quick deployment when needed and timely retraction when not in use, better balancing the two important processes of construction and protection.

[0018] When this utility model is used in a TBM, the automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure can be arranged in the TBM's mixed spraying zone to provide rockburst protection for the L1 zone; when the automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure is arranged on a construction trolley, it can be connected to the TBM as a matching unit or used as a trolley to protect transported goods from rockburst disasters; the usage is flexible and improves the safety of TBM operations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the rockburst protection structure of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation state between the support column and the guide rail of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a partial schematic diagram of the top view structure of the guide rail;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a flexible damping component;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the automatic retractable rockburst protection structure arranged in the TBM mixed spraying zone;

[0025] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the arrangement of an automatic retractable rockburst protection structure on a construction trolley.

[0026] In the diagram, 1 is a support column, 2 is a flexible damping component, 3 is a main beam, 4 is a carbon fiber mesh, 5 is a sliding top seat, 6 is a guide rail, 7 is a positioning hole, 8 is a stop block, 9 is a positioning pin, 10 is a dual-drive roller, 11 is an auxiliary support rod, 12 is a slide rail, 13 is a sliding base, 13a is a single sliding roller seat, 14 is a roller, 15 is a T-slot, 16 is a roller shaft, 2-1 is a damping piston, 2-2 is a damping cavity, 2-3 is a damping medium, 6-1 is a main beam platform, 6-2 is a main beam, 6-3 is an anchor drilling rig, 6-4 is a segment assembly machine, 6-5 is a tunnel inner wall; 7-1 is a bottom plate, 7-2 is a roller, and 7-3 is a hook. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0028] Example 1, as Figure 1 As shown, an automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure includes a guide rail 6, which can be constructed from I-beams. Several main supports that can move along the guide rail 6 are mounted on the guide rail 6, serving as the primary support structure for the entire protection structure. Flexible damping elements 2 are mounted on the main supports; these flexible damping elements 2 act as the main energy-dissipating structure against rockburst impacts. When the enormous impact force generated by a rockburst acts on the protection structure, the flexible damping elements 2, with their special design and working principle, can quickly absorb and dissipate most of the impact energy, improving the rockburst protection capability. A flexible protective structure is mounted on top of the main supports. This flexible protective structure is flexible and can move and fold freely along with the main beam during the telescopic process, without occupying too much space; moreover, it forms a fully shielded protective structure on top of the main supports, improving the protective effect. Several main supports are equipped with locking mechanisms at their bottoms that correspond to the guide rail 6. When the main support is in the appropriate position, the locking mechanism locks the main support onto the guide rail to ensure its stability. The guide rail 6 is equipped with a blocking mechanism that corresponds to the main support. The blocking mechanism blocks the main support on the guide rail to prevent it from shaking or sliding unnecessarily, thereby further improving the stability of the main support.

[0029] In this embodiment, the main support includes two pillars 1 and a main beam 3 spanning the two pillars 1. With two pillars, two guide rails are used accordingly, and the main support forms a gantry structure. The main beam 3 is connected to the pillars 1 through a flexible damping element 2. The flexible damping element 2 can be a viscous damper, which can withstand multi-directional forces such as pulling, stretching, compressing, and dragging, dissipating most of the impact energy from the rockburst and preventing damage to other structures. A flexible protective structure is connected to the main beam 3, forming a canopy structure. Specifically, the flexible protective structure is a carbon fiber mesh 4, which is fixed to the main beam 3 of the two adjacent main supports by bolts. Because the carbon fiber mesh is a flexible structure, it can move and fold freely with the main beam during the expansion and contraction of the main body, without occupying too much space. Moreover, the carbon fiber mesh 4 forms an important part of capturing rockbursts. When a rockburst occurs, the falling rocks impact the carbon fiber mesh with huge energy. The mesh disperses the energy above the main beam 3 and then quickly transfers it to the flexible damping element 2, where the huge energy from the rockburst is consumed by the damper.

[0030] Example 2, as Figure 4 As shown, an automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure, based on Embodiment 1, includes a flexible damping element 2 comprising damping pistons 2-1 disposed at both ends of the main beam 3 and a damping cavity 2-2 opened on the upper part of the support column 1. The damping pistons 2-1 are located within the damping cavity 2-2, and a damping medium 2-3 is disposed within the damping cavity 2-2. The damping medium 2-3 can be made of viscoelastic material or flexible polymer, such as flexible polymer fluid gel (PFG), which achieves the damping effect through its internal molecular motion and energy dissipation. The damping piston adopts a ball-head structure, which can float in multiple directions within the damping cavity, working in conjunction with the damping medium to reduce vibration and impact, and can dissipate the energy generated by rockbursts in various directions, avoiding damage to other structures. Through the synergistic effect of high-strength carbon fiber mesh and flexible damping element, the rockburst protection capability of the structure is greatly improved, and the protective structure is lightweight. The damper structure and the selection of the damper can be different according to different diameter TBMs and possible rockburst levels. The specifications, dimensions, and number of layers of carbon fiber mesh are also optimized and adjusted according to different projects.

[0031] In this embodiment, the bottom of the support column 1 is provided with a groove that matches the guide rail 6, ensuring the stability of the cooperation between the support column and the guide rail. The groove contains dual-drive rollers 10 that contact the guide rail 6. Four rollers are arranged in one groove, with two rollers distributed on each side of the guide rail to ensure the stability of the support column. The dual-drive rollers 10 are connected to a drive motor embedded in the support column 1. The drive motor drives the rollers to rotate, realizing the movement of the support column relative to the guide rail, allowing the entire structure to move freely on the guide rail, thereby achieving automatic extension and retraction of the device and enabling the arbitrary movement and folding of the carbon fiber mesh fabric.

[0032] like Figure 2 , 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the locking mechanism is located at the bottom of the support column 1 to lock the support column onto the guide rail. Specifically, the locking mechanism includes a positioning pin 9 vertically arranged in a groove. The positioning pin 9 is connected to a first driving member embedded in the support column 1. The guide rail 6 has a positioning hole 7 corresponding to the positioning pin 9. Under the action of the first driving member, the positioning pin 9 is inserted into the positioning hole 7 and locks the support column 1. It should be noted that the first driving member is a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electromagnetic actuator. When the first driving member is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, the piston rod of the cylinder or hydraulic cylinder is directly fixedly connected to the positioning pin for the extension and retraction of the positioning pin. When the first driving member is an electromagnetic actuator, the positioning pin 9 is a magnetic pin. When energized, the positioning pin is attracted to the electromagnetic actuator; when de-energized, the positioning pin 9 falls into the positioning hole 7. To increase the accuracy of the positioning pin falling into the positioning hole 7, a corresponding magnetic block can also be provided in the positioning hole 7 to magnetically cooperate with the positioning pin. When the support column moves stably above the guide rail 6, the positioning pin 9 is in the retracted state. After the support column moves to the predetermined position, the positioning pin 9 falls into the positioning hole on the guide rail, further fixing the support column on the guide rail.

[0033] In this embodiment, the blocking mechanism includes a stop block 8 vertically mounted on the guide rail 6. The stop block 8 slides into a limiting hole mounted on the guide rail 6, and a second driving component is provided in the limiting hole to drive the stop block 8 to move up and down; the second driving component is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. To ensure smooth structural movement, a retractable stop block 8 is arranged on the guide rail and is controlled by the control system. When the support column moves, the stop block 8 retracts into the guide rail without affecting the movement of the support column. When the support column 1 moves to the predetermined position, the stop block 8 extends upward to provide partial support and fixing force to the support column, preventing it from swaying on the guide rail.

[0034] Example 3, as Figure 1 , 3 As shown, an automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure has auxiliary support rods 11 on both the front and rear sides of the main support. One end of the auxiliary support rod 11 is hinged to a sliding top seat 5 via a roller 16 or a pin, and the other end is hinged to a sliding base 13 via a roller 16 or a pin. The sliding top seat 5 is slidably engaged with a vertical slide rail 12 set on the main support, so as to realize the up and down movement of the auxiliary support rod on the support column; the sliding base 13 is slidably engaged with a T-slot 15 set on a guide rail 6, so as to realize free movement along the guide rail.

[0035] In this embodiment, two auxiliary support rods 11 between two adjacent main supports are hinged to the same sliding base 13 and arranged in a V-shape, facilitating the free extension and retraction of the protective structure relative to the guide rail. The sliding base 13 hinged to the auxiliary support rods 11 at both ends is a single sliding roller seat 13a, which is slidably mounted on the guide rail 6 and equipped with rollers 14 that roll in cooperation with the guide rail 6. The sliding support 13 is located in a T-slot 15 on the guide rail, driven by the support column 1, which in turn drives the auxiliary support rods 11. The auxiliary support rods 11 drive the sliding support 13 to move freely, and after moving to a fixed position, it is also supported and fixed by a retractable stop. Since the auxiliary support rods 11 on the outer side of the support column need to move or retract first, rollers 14 are provided on the sliding base where the outermost auxiliary support rod 11 is located, forming a single sliding roller seat so that the rollers are connected to the guide rail 6 to achieve free movement, facilitating its quick folding and retraction.

[0036] Example 4: Figure 5 As shown, an open-type TBM employs the automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure described in Embodiment 2 or 3. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure is arranged in the TBM's mixed-spraying zone to provide rockburst protection for the main beam platform 6-1, main beam 6-2, anchor drilling rig 6-3, and segment assembly structure 6-4. A rockburst monitoring system can also be installed as needed. This system monitors the area around the tunnel after cutterhead excavation in real time, comprehensively analyzes the probability of rockburst occurrence, and transmits this information to the control system of the rockburst protection structure when the probability exceeds a set value. At this time, the control system simultaneously stops the operating faces of the cutterhead, shield, and subsequent segment assembly machine, and then controls the rockburst protection structure to quickly extend along a predetermined track to the relevant position, activating the protection measures. After a rockburst occurs or the probability decreases, personnel are assigned to clear rocks and other debris above the rockburst protection structure, control its retraction, and allow the TBM's various working faces to continue normal operation.

[0037] Example 5: Figure 6 As shown, an open-type TBM employs the automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure described in Embodiment 2 or 3; the automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure is arranged on a construction trolley 70. A base plate 7-1 and rollers 7-2 are arranged under the rockburst protection structure, which are connected to the TBM via hooks 7-3 or used independently as a trolley to protect transported goods from rockburst hazards.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model and is not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. An automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure, comprising a guide rail (6), characterized in that: The guide rail (6) is provided with several main supports that can move along the guide rail (6), and the main supports are provided with flexible damping components (2); the top of the main supports is provided with a flexible protective structure, and the bottom of the main supports is provided with a locking mechanism corresponding to the guide rail (6); the guide rail (6) is provided with a blocking mechanism corresponding to the main supports.

2. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main support includes two pillars (1) and a main beam (3) spanning the two pillars (1). The main beam (3) is connected to the pillars (1) through a flexible damping element (2). A flexible protective structure is connected to the main beam (3). The flexible protective structure is a carbon fiber mesh (4). The carbon fiber mesh (4) is fixed to the main beam (3) of the two adjacent main supports by bolts. A locking mechanism is set at the bottom of the pillars (1).

3. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexible damping component (2) includes a damping piston (2-1) disposed at both ends of the main beam (3) and a damping cavity (2-2) opened on the upper part of the support (1). The damping piston (2-1) is located in the damping cavity (2-2), and the damping cavity (2-2) is provided with a damping medium (2-3).

4. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The bottom of the support column (1) is provided with a sliding groove that matches the guide rail (6). The sliding groove is provided with a double drive roller (10) that contacts the guide rail (6). The double drive roller (10) is connected to the drive motor embedded in the support column (1).

5. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes a positioning pin (9) vertically arranged in the slide groove. The positioning pin (9) is connected to a first driving member embedded in the support column (1). The guide rail (6) is provided with a positioning hole (7) corresponding to the positioning pin (9). Under the action of the first driving member, the positioning pin (9) is inserted into the positioning hole (7) and locks the support column (1). The first driving member is a cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder, or an electromagnetic actuator. When the first driving member is an electromagnetic actuator, the positioning pin (9) is a magnetic pin.

6. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3 and 5, characterized in that: The blocking mechanism includes a stop block (8) vertically arranged on the guide rail (6), the stop block (8) slidingly engaging with a limiting hole arranged on the guide rail (6), and a second driving member for driving the stop block (8) to move up and down is provided in the limiting hole; the second driving member is a cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder.

7. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure according to claim 1, 3, or 5, characterized in that: Auxiliary support rods (11) are provided on both the front and rear sides of the main support. One end of the auxiliary support rod (11) is hinged to a sliding top seat (5) and the other end is hinged to a sliding base (13). The sliding top seat (5) is slidably engaged with the vertical slide rail (12) provided on the main support, and the sliding base (13) is slidably engaged with the T-slot (15) provided on the guide rail (6).

8. The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two auxiliary support rods (11) between two adjacent main supports are hinged on the same sliding base (13) and set in a V-shape; the sliding base (13) hinged to the auxiliary support rods (11) at the two ends is a single sliding roller seat (13a), the single sliding roller seat (13a) is slidably set on the guide rail (6), and the single sliding roller seat (13a) is provided with a roller (14) that rolls with the guide rail (6).

9. An open-type TBM, characterized in that: The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is adopted.

10. The open-type TBM according to claim 9, characterized in that: The automatic telescopic rockburst protection structure is arranged in the TBM mixed spraying area or on the construction trolley (70).

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