Distributed liquid cooling energy storage box and energy storage system

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage, in particular to a distributed liquid cooling energy storage box and an energy storage system. The utility model aims to solve the problem that a liquid cooling unit is difficult to adapt to heat dissipation requirements under different charge-discharge multiplying powers. The utility model provides a distributed liquid cooling energy storage box, which comprises a box body, at least one energy storage module and at least one liquid cooling unit, and is characterized in that the at least one energy storage module is arranged in the box body, and the energy storage module comprises at least one stacked battery pack. The at least one liquid cooling unit is arranged between the energy storage module and the top wall, and the liquid cooling unit is used for conveying cooling liquid to the liquid cooling plate in the at least one battery pack. The at least one liquid cooling unit is arranged between the energy storage module and the top wall, so that the vertical space of the energy storage box can be fully utilized, the occupation of the horizontal space is reduced, and the floor density of the energy storage box is ensured. When the charge-discharge multiplying power of the battery pack is changed, different numbers of liquid cooling units can be configured, and the heat dissipation requirements under different charge-discharge multiplying power can be flexibly met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box and energy storage system. Background Technology

[0002] An energy storage box typically includes a liquid cooler, a battery pack, and a power module. The power module is electrically connected to the battery pack and is used to control the battery pack's on / off state. The liquid cooler is used to cool the battery pack. While the liquid cooler is usually integrated within the energy storage box, the required number of battery packs and their heat dissipation requirements vary depending on the charge / discharge rate. Integrating the liquid cooler within the energy storage box makes it difficult to flexibly adapt to the heat dissipation needs at different charge / discharge rates. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, specifically to a distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box and energy storage system, which can flexibly adapt to the heat dissipation requirements under different charge and discharge rates.

[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box, including a box body. The box body includes side walls and a top wall and a bottom wall disposed opposite to each other. The top wall is provided with an air outlet, and the side walls are provided with air inlets. The energy storage box further includes at least one energy storage module and at least one liquid cooling unit. The at least one energy storage module is disposed within the box body, and the energy storage module includes at least one battery pack stacked together. The at least one liquid cooling unit is disposed between the energy storage module and the top wall, and the liquid cooling unit is connected to the air outlet and the air inlet. The liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plates in the at least one battery pack.

[0005] The liquid cooling unit is connected to the air outlet and air inlet, allowing air to enter the housing through the air inlet. This facilitates heat exchange between the liquid cooling unit and the liquid cooling plate. The heated air can then leave the housing through the air outlet, thus cooling the battery pack and ensuring its normal operation.

[0006] At least one liquid cooling unit is positioned between the energy storage module and the top wall, maximizing the vertical space of the energy storage tank while minimizing horizontal space occupation and ensuring a low footprint. Different numbers of liquid cooling units can be configured to flexibly adapt to varying heat dissipation requirements at different charge / discharge rates of the battery pack. Air outlets are located on the top wall, and air inlets on the side walls, increasing the heat exchange area to accommodate higher cell densities. Simultaneously, this prevents hot air leaving the tank from affecting the heat dissipation of other equipment near the energy storage tank.

[0007] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, at least one energy storage module includes a plurality of first energy storage modules arranged along the length direction of the housing, and at least one liquid cooling unit includes a plurality of first liquid cooling units arranged along the length direction.

[0008] At least one energy storage module includes multiple first energy storage modules arranged along the length of the enclosure. Increasing the number of first energy storage modules increases the capacity of the energy storage enclosure. By adjusting the number of first energy storage modules, the energy storage enclosure can be used for different charging scenarios.

[0009] At least one liquid cooling unit includes multiple first liquid cooling units arranged along the length of the enclosure. Since there are multiple first energy storage modules, the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage enclosure increase, and correspondingly, the heat dissipation capacity of the first liquid cooling units needs to be increased. By increasing the number of first liquid cooling units, the heat dissipation capacity of the first liquid cooling units can be improved to match the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage enclosure.

[0010] In addition, multiple first liquid cooling units are arranged along the length of the housing. The arrangement of the first liquid cooling units is the same as that of the first energy storage modules, which makes the pipeline connection between the first liquid cooling units and the first energy storage modules more convenient and reduces the connection difficulty between the first liquid cooling units and the first energy storage modules.

[0011] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the sidewall includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall disposed opposite to each other along the width direction of the energy storage box, and the air inlet includes a first air inlet and a second air inlet. The first sidewall is provided with a first air inlet, the second sidewall is provided with a second air inlet, and the liquid cooling unit is located between the first air inlet and the second air inlet.

[0012] The air inlet includes a first air inlet and a second air inlet, which can increase the airflow into the housing, improve the air heat exchange rate, and thus improve the heat dissipation rate of the liquid cooling unit.

[0013] The sidewalls include a first sidewall and a second sidewall arranged opposite each other along the width of the housing. A first air inlet is located on the first sidewall, and a second air inlet is located on the second sidewall. This promotes symmetrical airflow within the liquid-cooled unit, reduces dead zones in local airflow, and ensures more uniform distribution of cool air, thereby improving the heat dissipation rate of the liquid-cooled unit. Simultaneously, increasing the number of air inlets increases the heat exchange area between the liquid-cooled unit and the outside air, further enhancing the heat exchange rate and thus improving the heat dissipation effect of the battery pack.

[0014] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, the first liquid cooling unit includes a refrigeration unit, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a fan. The refrigeration unit is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack and is used to regulate the temperature of the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack through the compressor, condenser, and evaporator in the refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is located at the first air inlet. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are spaced apart along the width direction of the housing. The first heat exchanger is set at an angle to the top wall, and the second heat exchanger is set at an angle to the top wall. The air inlet surface of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first air inlet, and the air inlet surface of the second heat exchanger is connected to the second air inlet. The fan is located at the air outlet, and the air inlet of the fan is connected to the air outlet surfaces of the first and second heat exchangers, respectively.

[0015] The first and second heat exchangers are spaced apart along the width (y) of the housing, providing ample space for airflow and ensuring sufficient heat exchange between the air and both heat exchangers, thus guaranteeing the heat dissipation rate of the liquid-cooled unit. The first and second heat exchangers are angled relative to the top wall, increasing the fluid velocity within them, guiding uniform fluid distribution, reducing localized low-velocity areas, and ensuring the heat exchange rate of both heat exchangers.

[0016] The air inlet surface of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first air inlet, and the air inlet surface of the second heat exchanger is connected to the second air inlet. This allows for full utilization of the air inside the liquid-cooled unit, increasing the heat exchange area between the first and second heat exchangers and the air, thereby improving the heat dissipation rate of the liquid-cooled unit.

[0017] The fan can draw away the hot air after it has exchanged heat with the fins of the first and second heat exchangers, and then transfer the hot air to the outside through the air outlet. This prevents the hot air from affecting the heat exchange inside the liquid cooler and thus improves the heat dissipation effect of the liquid cooler.

[0018] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, a first air inlet is provided on the side wall, and an air outlet and a second air inlet are provided on the top wall. Compared with the air outlet, the second air inlet is closer to the liquid cooling unit.

[0019] The second air inlet is located on the top wall. Increasing the number of air inlets can increase the heat exchange area between the liquid cooler and the outside air, improve the heat exchange rate between the liquid cooler and the outside air, and thus improve the heat dissipation effect of the battery pack.

[0020] Compared to the air outlet, the second air inlet is closer to the liquid cooling unit. Air enters the housing through the second air inlet, making it easier to exchange heat with the liquid cooling unit. This ensures the heat exchange rate between the air and the liquid cooling unit, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation rate of the liquid cooling unit.

[0021] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the liquid cooling unit includes a refrigeration unit, a heat exchanger, and a fan. The refrigeration unit is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack and is used to regulate the temperature of the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack through the compressor, condenser, and evaporator in the refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is located at the first air inlet. The heat exchanger is spaced apart from the refrigeration unit along the width direction and is angled to the top wall. The air inlet surface of the heat exchanger is connected to the first air inlet and the second air inlet, respectively. The fan is located at the air outlet, and the air inlet of the fan is connected to the air outlet surface of the heat exchanger.

[0022] The heat exchanger and the second refrigeration unit are spaced apart along the width of the casing, providing ample space for airflow and ensuring sufficient heat exchange between the air and the heat exchanger, thereby guaranteeing the heat dissipation rate of the liquid-cooled unit. The heat exchanger is angled to the top wall, which increases the fluid velocity within the heat exchanger, guides the fluid to be evenly distributed, reduces localized low-velocity areas, and ensures the heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger.

[0023] The fan promotes airflow, allowing air to enter through the first or second air inlet, pass through the heat exchanger, and finally return to the outside through the outlet. The fan can also draw away hot air that has exchanged heat with the heat exchanger fins, transferring it to the outside through the outlet. This prevents hot air from interfering with heat exchange within the liquid cooler unit, thus improving its cooling performance.

[0024] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, at least one energy storage module includes a plurality of second energy storage modules arranged along the width direction of the housing, and at least one liquid cooling unit includes a plurality of second liquid cooling units arranged along the width direction.

[0025] At least one energy storage module includes multiple second energy storage modules arranged along the width of the enclosure, which can increase the number of energy storage modules and further increase the capacity of the energy storage box. Since the second air inlet is located on the top wall, air can enter smoothly without affecting each other between two second liquid cooling units in adjacent rows, ensuring the normal operation of each second liquid cooling unit.

[0026] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the refrigeration unit is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack through liquid cooling pipelines. The liquid cooling pipelines include a main pipeline and at least one distribution pipeline. Each distribution pipeline is connected to each battery pack in a second energy storage module. Each distribution pipeline is also connected to the main pipeline. The liquid cooling unit is connected to the main pipeline and is used to deliver coolant to the main pipeline.

[0027] The main pipeline connects to the liquid cooling units, where coolant from the liquid cooling units is collected and flows to the distribution pipeline. Even if some liquid cooling units fail, coolant still flows to the liquid cooling plates of each battery pack, preventing the entire system from failing. The remaining liquid cooling units maintain coolant circulation, ensuring the continuity of the liquid cooling system.

[0028] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the first air inlet includes a first sub-air inlet and a second sub-air inlet. A first door and a first sub-air inlet are provided on a first side wall, with the first sub-air inlet located above the first door. A second door and a second sub-air inlet are provided on a second side wall, with the second sub-air inlet located above the second door. At least one energy storage module includes two rows of second energy storage modules arranged along the width direction. A liquid distribution pipeline is provided between one row of second energy storage modules and the first door, and a liquid distribution pipeline is provided between the other row of second energy storage modules and the second door.

[0029] At least one energy storage module includes two rows of second energy storage modules arranged along the width direction. A first door is provided on the first side wall, and a second door is provided on the second side wall. The first door faces one row of second energy storage modules, through which this row of second energy storage modules can be inspected and maintained. The second door faces another row of second energy storage modules, through which the other row of second energy storage modules can be inspected and maintained.

[0030] The first air inlet includes a first sub-air inlet and a second sub-air inlet. The first sub-air inlet is located above the first enclosure door, and the second sub-air inlet is located above the second enclosure door. Since the first enclosure door faces one row of second energy storage modules, air can exchange heat with the corresponding second liquid-cooled unit through the first sub-air inlet, thus cooling the second row of second energy storage modules. Since the second enclosure door faces another row of second energy storage modules, air can exchange heat with the corresponding second liquid-cooled unit through the second sub-air inlet, thus cooling the other row of second energy storage modules.

[0031] One row of second energy storage modules is equipped with a liquid distribution pipeline between the first tank door and the second energy storage module, while the other row is equipped with a liquid distribution pipeline between the second energy storage module and the second tank door, which makes it more convenient to inspect and maintain the liquid distribution pipeline.

[0032] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the energy storage box includes an explosion relief plate, a partition is provided between the top wall and the energy storage module, the partition has an explosion relief port, the explosion relief plate covers the explosion relief port, and the explosion relief plate is connected to the partition.

[0033] The partition has an explosion vent, which guides the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated by the battery pack to the outside of the energy storage tank, preventing the battery pack from exploding and ensuring the safety of the energy storage tank. An explosion vent plate covers the explosion vent and is connected to the partition. When the battery pack is in normal operating condition, the explosion vent is closed, ensuring the normal operation of the liquid cooling unit and preventing air from entering the tank and flowing out through the explosion vent, thus affecting heat exchange between the air and the liquid cooling unit.

[0034] Meanwhile, the explosion relief plate is connected to the partition, which can make full use of the top space of the energy storage box, and improve the utilization rate of the internal space of the energy storage box while ensuring explosion relief safety.

[0035] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the explosion relief plate opens when the pressure on the surface of the explosion relief plate facing the energy storage module is greater than the pressure on the surface of the explosion relief plate facing the top wall.

[0036] When the battery pack is in its normal state, the explosion vent is closed under the influence of gravity, and the explosion vent covers the explosion vent. When the battery pack is in the explosion venting state, the battery pack generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which increases the pressure on the surface of the explosion vent facing the energy storage module, exceeding the pressure on the surface of the explosion vent facing the top wall. The surface of the explosion vent near the battery pack is pushed by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and the explosion vent opens.

[0037] In some embodiments that may include the above-described embodiments, an opening is provided in the sidewall between the top wall and the partition. A blade is disposed within the opening, and the blade is rotatably connected to the sidewall. The axis of rotation of the blade is parallel to the surface of the sidewall, and the blade is used to close the opening. The blade includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface faces the interior of the energy storage tank, and the second surface faces the exterior of the energy storage tank. When the pressure on the first surface is greater than the pressure on the second surface, an angle exists between the blade and the sidewall.

[0038] The side walls are equipped with openings, which can increase the number of pressure relief ports on the box. High-temperature and high-pressure gases can be released through the air inlet, air outlet or opening, which increases the flow rate of high-temperature and high-pressure gases during release and improves the release rate of high-temperature and high-pressure gases, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage box.

[0039] When the battery pack is in normal working condition and the liquid cooling unit is operating normally, the opening will affect the airflow inside the tank. The blades can seal the opening, allowing the air to flow along the normal liquid cooling path, ensuring the normal operation of the liquid cooling unit and preventing the opening from affecting the heat dissipation efficiency of the energy storage tank.

[0040] The blade is rotatably connected to the sidewall, with the blade's axis of rotation parallel to the surface of the sidewall. The blade can rotate around its axis, thus achieving rotation. Because the blade's axis of rotation is parallel to the surface of the sidewall, the blade, under the influence of gravity, covers the opening, remaining parallel to the sidewall. In other words, the blade can contact the sidewall under the influence of gravity, causing the opening to close.

[0041] When the battery pack is in a deflation state, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas moves outward from the energy storage box, causing the pressure on the first surface to be greater than that on the second surface. Driven by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the blades rotate outward along the axis, creating an angle between the blades and the sidewall, which opens the opening and allows the high-temperature and high-pressure gas to escape, thus ensuring the safety of the energy storage box.

[0042] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box, including a box body, at least one energy storage module, and at least one liquid cooling unit. The box body includes side walls and opposing top and bottom walls. The top wall has an air outlet, and the side walls have air inlets. At least one energy storage module is disposed within the box body, and the energy storage module includes at least one stacked battery pack. At least one liquid cooling unit is disposed between the energy storage module and the side walls, and the liquid cooling unit is connected to the air outlet and air inlet. The liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plates in the at least one battery pack.

[0043] When the charge / discharge rate of the battery pack changes, different numbers of liquid cooling units can be configured to flexibly adapt to the heat dissipation requirements under different charge / discharge rates. The liquid cooling units are positioned between the energy storage module and the sidewall, increasing the heat dissipation area on top of the energy storage module and improving its natural heat dissipation rate. Simultaneously, this ensures that the liquid cooling units can be inspected and maintained during the maintenance and repair of the energy storage modules, guaranteeing their normal operation.

[0044] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box, including a box body, at least one energy storage module, and at least one liquid cooling unit. The box body includes side walls and oppositely disposed top and bottom walls. A door is provided on the side walls, and an air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the door, with the air outlet positioned higher than the air inlet. At least one energy storage module is disposed within the box body, and the energy storage module includes at least one battery pack stacked together. At least one liquid cooling unit is disposed on the door, and the liquid cooling unit communicates with the air outlet and the air inlet. The liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plates in the at least one battery pack.

[0045] Different numbers of liquid cooling units can be configured to flexibly adapt to the heat dissipation requirements under different charge / discharge rates when the battery pack's charge / discharge rate changes. The liquid cooling units are located on the enclosure door, reducing the volume of the energy storage box and increasing its floor space density, facilitating miniaturization and integration. The enclosure door has air inlets and outlets, allowing air to enter the box and exchange heat with the liquid cooling units, while the heated air exits through the outlets. The outlet is positioned higher than the inlet to minimize contact between hot air and the battery pack, reducing its temperature impact and ensuring effective heat dissipation from the liquid cooling units.

[0046] Fourthly, this application provides an energy storage system including a plurality of the above-mentioned energy storage boxes arranged at intervals. The plurality of energy storage boxes are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the box body and at intervals along the width direction of the box body. In the width direction of the box body, the second sidewalls of two adjacent energy storage boxes are arranged opposite to each other.

[0047] The energy storage system comprises multiple energy storage boxes, which are spaced apart along the length and width of the box, thereby increasing the system's capacity. The second sidewalls of adjacent boxes are positioned opposite each other, providing ample space for opening and closing the box doors while reducing the width distance between adjacent boxes, thus increasing the system's footprint density.

[0048] In some embodiments that may include the above embodiments, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes in the length direction of the box body is less than or equal to 600mm, and the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes in the width direction of the box body is less than or equal to 600mm.

[0049] The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes along the length of the box is less than or equal to 600mm. This can prevent the heat generated by the two energy storage boxes from affecting each other and thus affecting the normal operation of the energy storage boxes. At the same time, it can ensure that the energy storage system has a large footprint. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ;

[0051] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ;

[0052] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view along axis AA;

[0053] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting member provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the box between the top wall and the partition provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the blade structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0056] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the blade structure provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0057] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application, including two energy storage modules;

[0058] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application, including three energy storage modules;

[0059] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application, including four energy storage modules;

[0060] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application, comprising five energy storage modules;

[0061] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application, comprising six energy storage modules;

[0062] Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application includes a liquid cooling unit;

[0063] Figure 14 A schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application includes two liquid cooling units;

[0064] Figure 15 A schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in this application embodiment at a charge / discharge rate of 0.5C. Figure 1 ;

[0065] Figure 16 A schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in this application embodiment at a charge / discharge rate of 0.5C. Figure 2 ;

[0066] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in this application embodiment at a charge / discharge rate of 0.5C. Figure 3 ;

[0067] Figure 18 Schematic diagram of the internal piping structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 1 ;

[0068] Figure 19 Schematic diagram of the internal piping structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 ;

[0069] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the internal piping structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 3 ;

[0070] Figure 21 Side view of the internal structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0071] Figure 22 A side view of the internal structure of the liquid chiller unit under normal conditions provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0072] Figure 23 A side view of the internal structure of the liquid-cooled unit under explosion-proof conditions provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0073] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 ;

[0074] Figure 25 Side view of the internal structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0075] Figure 26 A side view of the internal structure of the liquid chiller unit under normal conditions provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0076] Figure 27 A side view of the internal structure of the liquid-cooled unit under explosion-proof conditions provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0077] Figure 28 This is a front view of the liquid-cooled unit provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0078] Figure 29 A side view of the internal structure of the liquid-cooled unit under explosion-proof conditions provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0079] Figure 30 Schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 3 ;

[0080] Figure 31 Schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 2 ;

[0081] Figure 32Side view of the internal structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 3 ;

[0082] Figure 33 Schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 4 ;

[0083] Figure 34 Schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 3 ;

[0084] Figure 35 Schematic diagram of the energy storage system provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 5 ;

[0085] Figure 36 Schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 4 ;

[0086] Figure 37 Side view of the internal structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 4 ;

[0087] Figure 38 Schematic diagram of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application Figure 5 ;

[0088] Figure 39 Side view of the internal structure of the energy storage box provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 .

[0089] Figure label:

[0090] 10: Energy storage system; 20: Energy storage box; 21: Box body; 22: Energy storage module; 221: First energy storage module; 222: Second energy storage module; 23: Liquid cooling unit; 231: First liquid cooling unit; 232: Second liquid cooling unit; 24: Power module; 25: Battery pack; 26: Liquid cooling pipeline; 261: Main pipeline; 262: Liquid distribution pipeline; 27: Partition plate; 28: Power distribution compartment; 31: Side wall; 311: First side wall; 312: Second side wall; 32: Top wall; 33: Bottom wall; 34: Through hole; 40: Air inlet; 41: Air outlet; 42: First air inlet; 421: Second... 422: Second air inlet; 43: Second air inlet; 44: First enclosure door; 45: Second enclosure door; 46: Third enclosure door; 47: Enclosure door; 51: Refrigeration unit; 52: First heat exchanger; 53: Second heat exchanger; 54: Fan; 55: Heat exchanger; 61: Explosion relief plate; 611: First explosion relief plate; 612: Second explosion relief plate; 62: Explosion relief port; 621: First explosion relief port; 622: Second explosion relief port; 63: Limiting component; 64: Opening; 65: Blade; 66: Rotating shaft; 71: First end; 72: Second end; 73: First surface; 74: Second surface. Detailed Implementation

[0091] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0092] Hereinafter, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0093] Furthermore, in the embodiments of this application, directional terms such as "up," "down," "left," "right," "horizontal," and "vertical" are defined relative to the orientation of the components shown in the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these directional terms are relative concepts, used for relative description and clarification, and can change accordingly depending on the orientation of the components in the accompanying drawings.

[0094] It should be noted that, in the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection or an integral connection; they can also refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; or they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0095] Please refer to Figure 1 This application provides an energy storage system 10, including multiple energy storage boxes 20 spaced apart. By adjusting the number of energy storage boxes 20, the capacity of the energy storage system 10 can be changed to adapt to different energy storage scenarios. It is understood that when the capacity of the energy storage system 10 is small, it can be used in small factories, commercial parks, campuses, charging stations, etc. The energy storage system 10 can serve as a backup power source to assist in power supply. For example, in an embodiment where the energy storage system 10 is used in a charging station, the energy storage system 10 can release stored electrical energy during peak electricity consumption periods to meet the charging needs of the charging station, thereby significantly reducing electricity costs and avoiding power instability caused by excessive grid load.

[0096] When the energy storage system 10 has a large capacity, it can be used in microgrids, wind power generation scenarios, photovoltaic power generation scenarios, etc. In embodiments where the energy storage system 10 is used for wind and solar energy storage, the energy storage system 10 can utilize wind and solar energy for charging, serving as a backup power source. It provides power support during power shortages or interruptions, ensuring the normal operation of critical equipment. Simultaneously, because the energy storage system 10 can store electrical energy, it can be used in geographically remote areas, areas with harsh climates, and areas with unstable power grids, improving the stability and reliability of power supply in these areas.

[0097] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the energy storage box 20. The distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box 20 provided in this application embodiment includes a box body 21. This application embodiment does not limit the box body 21; for example, the box body 21 can be a shipping container. In embodiments where the box body 21 is a shipping container, when multiple energy storage boxes 20 are included, the containers can be stacked for transportation, improving the transportation speed and transportation space utilization of the energy storage boxes 20.

[0098] At least one energy storage module 22 is disposed within the housing 21, and the energy storage module 22 includes at least one battery pack 25 stacked together.

[0099] Here, battery pack 25 refers to a battery system in which multiple battery cells are combined according to a certain configuration and connection method. This application embodiment does not limit the type of battery cells; for example, a battery cell can be a sodium-ion battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lead-acid battery, etc. This application embodiment does not limit the size of battery pack 25; the larger the volume of battery pack 25, the more battery cells it contains, and the larger its capacity.

[0100] For example, the length of the battery pack 25 along the width direction of the housing 21 can be 1.7m-2.3m, such as 1.7m, 1.9m, 2m, 2.2m, or 2.3m. It is understood that, for the same cross-sectional area, the longer the battery pack 25 is along the width direction of the housing 21, the larger its capacity.

[0101] Because the energy storage box 20 has a relatively large casing 21 and a relatively long battery pack 25, they can be well-fitted into the energy storage box 20, eliminating the need to increase the number of battery packs 25 to improve the space utilization of the energy storage box 20. Compared to setting multiple battery packs 25 to meet the length of the casing 21, the longer battery pack 25 allows for a reduction in the number of battery packs 25, thus reducing the difficulty of maintaining the battery pack 25.

[0102] Compared to individual battery cells, the battery pack 25 can provide higher voltage, capacity, or power output to meet the needs of specific applications. The battery pack 25 also includes a cooling device. This embodiment does not limit the cooling device; for example, it can be a liquid cooling device or an air cooling device.

[0103] In an embodiment where the cooling device is a liquid cooling device, a liquid cooling plate filled with coolant can be installed inside the battery pack 25 to cool the battery pack 25. In an embodiment where the cooling device is an air cooling device, a fan can be installed inside the battery pack 25 to allow air that has absorbed heat from the battery to flow outside the battery pack 25, while cool air enters the battery pack 25 to continue absorbing heat from the battery.

[0104] Stacking arrangement refers to at least one battery pack 25 being spaced apart along the height direction of the housing. In some embodiments, a fixing frame is provided inside the housing 21, the fixing frame including a plurality of fixing plates spaced apart along the height direction of the housing 21, with each battery pack 25 corresponding to a fixing plate, and one battery pack 25 being mounted on one fixing plate. The number of battery packs 25 can be adjusted by inserting and removing the battery packs 25.

[0105] In embodiments where the energy storage module includes multiple battery packs 25, this application embodiment does not limit the connection method between the multiple battery packs 25. A suitable connection method can be selected according to the actual situation. For example, the multiple battery packs 25 can be connected in series or in parallel.

[0106] In an embodiment where multiple battery packs 25 are connected in series, the negative terminal of one battery pack 25 is connected to the positive terminal of the next adjacent battery pack 25, forming a battery string. Connecting multiple battery packs 25 in series can significantly increase the total voltage of the energy storage module 22.

[0107] In an embodiment where multiple battery packs 25 are connected in parallel, the positive terminals of the multiple battery packs 25 are connected together, and the negative terminals of the multiple battery packs 25 are connected together, so that the multiple battery packs 25 together provide current to the load. Connecting multiple battery packs 25 in parallel can significantly improve the total capacity and current output capability of the energy storage module 22.

[0108] Typically, the capacity of a single battery pack 25 is fixed. By adjusting the number of battery packs 25, the capacity of the energy storage module 22 can be changed. Multiple energy storage modules 22 can also be installed inside the energy storage box 20, and these multiple energy storage modules 22 work together to power the load. It is understandable that the more energy storage modules 22 there are, the greater the total capacity and current output capability of the energy storage box 20.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 2 The black dashed line in the middle represents the airflow path. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A sectional view along line AA. The housing 21 includes side walls 31 and a top wall 32 and a bottom wall 33 disposed opposite each other. The top wall 32 is provided with an air outlet 41, and the side walls 31 are provided with air inlets 40. The energy storage box 20 also includes at least one liquid cooling unit 23, which is disposed between the energy storage module 22 and the top wall 32. The liquid cooling unit 23 is connected to the air outlet 41 and the air inlet 40, and is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plate in at least one battery pack 25.

[0110] The liquid cooling unit 23 can supply coolant to the liquid cooling plate in at least one battery pack 25 to cool the battery pack 25. Understandably, the battery pack 25 generates heat during operation. The liquid cooling plate, in contact with the battery pack 25, transfers this heat to the coolant. The heated coolant is then supplied to the liquid cooling unit 23, where it exchanges heat with the coolant, lowering the coolant's temperature so it can be reused to cool the battery pack 25.

[0111] The liquid cooling unit 23 is connected to the air outlet 41 and the air inlet 40, allowing air to enter the housing 21 through the air inlet 40, which helps to achieve heat exchange between the liquid cooling unit 23 and the liquid cooling plate. The heated air can leave the housing 21 through the air outlet 41, thus achieving heat dissipation of the battery pack 25 by the liquid cooling unit 23 and ensuring the normal operation of the battery pack 25.

[0112] At least one liquid cooling unit 23 is positioned between the energy storage module 22 and the top wall 32, which fully utilizes the vertical space of the energy storage box 20, reduces the occupation of horizontal space, and ensures the floor space density of the energy storage box 20. Different numbers of liquid cooling units 23 can be configured to flexibly adapt to the heat dissipation requirements under different charge / discharge rates when the charge / discharge rate of the battery pack 25 changes. The air outlet 41 is located on the top wall 32, and the air inlet 40 is located on the side wall 31, which increases the heat exchange area to meet higher cell density requirements. Simultaneously, it prevents hot air leaving the box 21 from affecting the heat dissipation of other equipment near the energy storage box 20.

[0113] Continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 When the energy storage module 22 includes at least one battery pack 25 connected in series in a stacked configuration, the energy storage module 22 is also referred to as a battery cluster. The energy storage box 20 also includes a power module 24, which is electrically connected to the energy storage module 22. The battery cluster can significantly improve voltage and capacity, thereby providing stronger power output and greater energy storage capacity. The power module 24 is electrically connected to the battery cluster, and the battery cluster can be controlled by sending control signals to the power module.

[0114] The power module 24 includes a battery control unit (BCU), a switch, and an auxiliary power board. The power module 24 also includes a circuit board on which the BCU, switch, and auxiliary power board are mounted. The BCU can be connected to the voltage and temperature sensors of the energy storage module 22 via a data acquisition line, thereby monitoring and managing the status of the energy storage module 22, such as voltage, temperature, and remaining charge (SOC).

[0115] The switch and BCU can be connected via digital signal lines. The BCU can transmit control signals to the switch, which can receive and respond to control the switching on and off of the energy storage module 22. The auxiliary power supply board is electrically connected to the energy storage module 22. The auxiliary power supply board can adjust the output power of the energy storage module 22 to facilitate power supply to the load. Since the voltage of the energy storage module 22 is prone to fluctuations during charging and discharging, the auxiliary power supply board can stabilize the output voltage of the energy storage module 22, improving its output stability. Simultaneously, the auxiliary power supply board can also reduce high-frequency noise interference to the control signals, enhancing system stability.

[0116] The power module 24 may also include a power conversion system (PCS), which can convert the DC power output from the energy storage module 22 into AC power to supply power to the load. The PCS can also convert AC power from the grid or renewable energy sources (such as wind power) into DC power to charge the energy storage module 22.

[0117] Continue to refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In some embodiments, the power module 24 is located at the bottom of the energy storage module 22, and the bottom of the housing 21 is provided with a through hole 34, through which the cable of the power module 24 passes to connect to an external device.

[0118] The power module 24 is located at the bottom of the energy storage module 22. Here, "bottom" refers to the location of the power module 24 on the side of the energy storage module 22 near the bottom wall 33 along the height z direction of the housing 21. In embodiments where a mounting bracket is provided inside the housing 21, the power module 24 is located between the mounting bracket and the bottom wall 33.

[0119] In embodiments where power module 24 includes a BCU, switches, and an auxiliary power board, the external device refers to the PCS. In embodiments where power module 24 includes a PCS, the external device refers to a Smart Transformer Station (STS). The STS can be connected to the power grid to transmit current to the grid, facilitating subsequent power supply to the load.

[0120] The power module 24 is located at the bottom of the energy storage module 22. Cables can be directly connected to external devices through the through hole 34 at the bottom of the enclosure 21, which can save space inside the energy storage box 20 and avoid the need to install additional door maintenance cables in the energy storage box 20. This reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the energy storage box 20, reduces the end face maintenance space of the energy storage box 20, and shortens the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20, thereby increasing the footprint density of the energy storage system 10.

[0121] Understandably, when cables are connected to external equipment through the through-hole 34 at the bottom of the enclosure 21, the cables can be routed underground, saving ground space and making the ground wiring layout simpler. This provides more area for the energy storage box 20 and helps improve the performance of the energy storage system 10. Figure 1 The land area density (as shown in the figure).

[0122] It is understandable that the more energy storage modules 22 are in the energy storage box 20, the larger the volume of the box 21 will be. For example, in an embodiment where the energy storage box 20 includes 6 energy storage modules 22, the box 21 can be a 20-foot (6.096 m × 2.438 m × 2.591 m) container.

[0123] Continue to refer to Figure 3 In the above embodiment, the energy storage box 20 includes an explosion relief plate 61, a partition 27 is provided between the top wall 32 and the energy storage module 22, the partition 27 has an explosion relief port 62, the explosion relief plate 61 covers the explosion relief port 62, and the explosion relief plate 61 is connected to the partition 27.

[0124] When the battery pack 25 experiences thermal failure, it will generate a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas. This high-temperature and high-pressure gas will cause the temperature of other battery packs 25 in the vicinity to rise, which may lead to an explosion.

[0125] The partition 27 is provided with an explosion vent 62, which can guide the gas generated by the battery pack 25 to the energy storage box 20 when the gas is released at high temperature and high pressure. Figure 2 The exterior of the energy storage box 20 (as shown) is protected to prevent the battery pack 25 from exploding and to ensure the safety of the energy storage box 20. Meanwhile, since the top wall 32 and side wall 31 are equipped with air inlets 40 and air outlets 41, high-temperature, high-pressure gas, after escaping from the explosion vent 62, can be released to the outside of the energy storage box 20 through the air inlets 40 and air outlets 41 on the box 21. The air inlets 40 and air outlets 41 on the box 21 can be used as pressure relief ports, avoiding the need for additional pressure relief ports and further saving space and cost for the energy storage box 20.

[0126] An explosion vent plate 61 covers the explosion vent 62 and is connected to the partition plate 27. When the battery pack 25 is in normal operating condition, the explosion vent 62 is closed, ensuring the normal operation of the liquid cooling unit 23 and preventing air from entering the housing 21 and flowing out through the explosion vent 62, thus affecting heat exchange between the air and the liquid cooling unit 23. The explosion vent plate 61 is connected to the partition plate 27 and is closed when the battery pack 25 is in normal operating condition. When the battery pack 25 is in an explosion venting state, the explosion vent plate 61 is open. The opening and closing of the explosion vent plate 61 allows the energy storage box 20 to switch between normal and explosion venting states. Simultaneously, the connection between the explosion vent plate 61 and the partition plate 27 fully utilizes the top space of the energy storage box 20, improving the internal space utilization rate of the energy storage box 20 while ensuring explosion venting safety.

[0127] Continue to refer to Figure 3 When the pressure on the surface of the explosion relief plate 61 facing the energy storage module 22 is greater than the pressure on the surface of the explosion relief plate 61 facing the top wall 32, the explosion relief plate opens.

[0128] When the battery pack 25 is in its normal state, the explosion vent 61 is closed under the influence of gravity, covering the explosion vent 62. When the battery pack 25 is in the explosion venting state, it generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which increases the pressure on the surface of the explosion vent 61 facing the energy storage module 22, exceeding the pressure on the surface of the explosion vent 61 facing the top wall 32. The surface of the explosion vent 61 near the battery pack 25 is then pushed open by the high-temperature and high-pressure gas.

[0129] The specific structure of the explosion relief plate 61 is not limited in this application embodiment. In some embodiments, the explosion relief plate 61 is located exactly at the explosion relief port 62, covering the explosion relief port 62. The explosion relief plate 61 may be made of a rupture disc or a fusible material, which automatically ruptures when the pressure or temperature exceeds a threshold, allowing high-temperature and high-pressure gas to escape through the explosion relief port 62.

[0130] In some embodiments, the explosion relief plate 61 is rotatably connected to the partition plate 27. The material of the explosion relief plate 61 can be a high-temperature resistant and corrosion-resistant material. This application embodiment does not limit the specific material of the explosion relief plate 61. For example, the explosion relief plate 61 can be stainless steel, titanium alloy, etc., which can ensure the reliability of the explosion relief plate 61 in harsh environments.

[0131] Since the explosion vent plate 61 remains closed under gravity, its area should be larger than that of the explosion vent 62 to prevent it from rotating downwards and contacting the battery pack 25. The larger area of ​​the explosion vent plate 61 ensures it remains closed under gravity, allowing both the liquid cooling unit 23 and the battery pack 25 to operate normally.

[0132] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 In the above embodiments, the liquid cooling unit 23 further includes a limiting member 63. One end of the limiting member 63 is connected to the partition plate 27, and the other end of the limiting member 63 is connected to the explosion relief plate 61. The limiting member 63 is used to prevent the rotation angle of the explosion relief plate 61 from exceeding a preset angle. This application embodiment does not limit the limiting member 63. For example, the limiting member 63 can be a wire rope, hinge, etc.

[0133] In an embodiment where the limiting member 63 includes a wire rope, the explosion relief plate 61 includes a first end 71 and a second end 72, and the wire rope can connect the first end 71 and the second end 72 of the explosion relief plate 61 to the partition plate 27 respectively. It is understood that the length of the wire rope between the first end 71 and the partition plate 27 is relatively short, while the length of the wire rope between the second end 72 and the partition plate 27 is relatively long.

[0134] Because the length of the steel wire rope is fixed, it is in a relaxed state when the battery pack 25 is in a normal state. When the battery pack 25 is in a deflation state, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas will cause the pressure on the surface of the deflation plate 61 facing the energy storage module 22 to be greater than the pressure on the surface of the deflation plate 61 facing the top wall 32. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas will push the deflation plate 61 open, causing it to rotate around the first end 71. After the deflation plate 61 opens to a certain angle, the steel wire rope connecting the second end 72 and the partition 27 is tightened, and the rotation angle of the deflation plate 61 reaches its maximum. This prevents the rotation angle of the deflation plate 61 from exceeding the preset angle, thus avoiding damage to the heat exchanger, fan, and other devices caused by the excessive opening angle of the deflation plate 61.

[0135] One end of the limiting member 63 is connected to the partition 27, and the other end of the limiting member 63 is connected to the explosion relief plate 61. The limiting member 63 can prevent the rotation angle of the explosion relief plate 61 from exceeding the preset angle. While ensuring that the energy storage box 20 can vent the explosion normally, it avoids the direct impact of high temperature and high pressure gas on the top liquid cooling unit 23, thus protecting the safety of the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0136] In some embodiments, one end of the explosion vent plate 61 can be connected to the partition plate 27 via a hinge, allowing the explosion vent plate 61 to rotate, and the other end of the explosion vent plate 61 can be connected to the partition plate 27 via an electromagnetic latch. When the explosion vent plate 61 is in the closed state, the electromagnetic latch is engaged and locked. A pressure sensor can be provided on the explosion vent plate 61, and the pressure sensor is located on the surface of the explosion vent plate 61 facing the energy storage module 22. When the pressure sensor detects that the pressure exceeds a certain threshold, that is, when the battery pack 25 generates high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the electromagnetic latch is de-energized, and under the action of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the explosion vent plate 61 is pushed open, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be released through the explosion vent 62 (and the air inlet 40 or the air outlet 41).

[0137] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the box 21 between the partition 27 and the top wall 32. In some embodiments, the side wall 31 between the top wall 32 and the partition 27 is provided with an opening 64.

[0138] It is understood that the position of the opening 64 is related to the positions of the air inlet 40 and the air outlet 41. For example, when the air inlet 40 is located on the first side wall 311, the opening 64 can be set on the other three side walls 31 to provide more venting paths for the high-temperature and high-pressure gas. This application embodiment does not limit the size of the opening 64. For example, the larger the opening 64, the greater the flow rate of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and the greater the venting rate of the energy storage tank 20. However, the size of the opening 64 is limited by the size of the side wall 31.

[0139] An opening 64 is provided on the side wall 31, which can increase the size of the box 21. Figure 3The number of pressure relief ports on the device (as shown) allows high-temperature and high-pressure gas to be released through the air inlet 40, air outlet 41, or opening 64, thereby increasing the flow rate of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas during release and improving the release rate of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, which in turn improves the safety of the energy storage box 20.

[0140] Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the sidewall 31 with blades 65. Blades 65 are disposed within the opening 64 and are rotatably connected to the sidewall 31. The axis of rotation 66 of the blades 65 is parallel to the surface of the sidewall 31. The blades 65 are used to seal the opening 64. The blades 65, positioned within the opening 64, can seal the opening 64. When the battery pack 25 is in normal operating condition and the liquid cooling unit 23 is operating normally, the opening 64 will affect the airflow within the housing 21 (…). Figure 5 The blades 65 can seal the opening 64 within the liquid cooling system, allowing air to flow along the normal liquid cooling path, ensuring the normal operation of the liquid cooling unit 23, and preventing the opening 64 from affecting the energy storage tank 20. Figure 2 The heat dissipation efficiency (as shown in the figure).

[0141] The blade 65 is rotatably connected to the sidewall 31, and the axis of rotation 66 of the blade 65 is parallel to the surface of the sidewall 31. The blade 65 can rotate around the axis of rotation 66, thus achieving the rotation of the blade 65. Since the axis of rotation 66 of the blade 65 is parallel to the surface of the sidewall 31, the blade 65 covers the opening 64 under the action of gravity, and is parallel to the sidewall 31. In other words, the blade 65 can contact the sidewall 31 under the action of gravity, causing the opening 64 to close.

[0142] Continue to refer to Figure 3 and Figure 6 The blade 65 includes a first surface 73 and a second surface 74. The first surface 73 faces the inside of the energy storage box 20, and the second surface 74 faces the outside of the energy storage box 20. When the pressure on the first surface 73 is greater than the pressure on the second surface 74, there is an angle between the blade 65 and the side wall 31.

[0143] When the battery pack 25 is in a deflation state, the high-temperature and high-pressure gas moves outward from the energy storage box 20, causing the pressure on the first surface 73 to be greater than that on the second surface 74. Under the push of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the blade 65 rotates outward along the shaft 66, so that there is an angle between the blade 65 and the side wall 31, thereby opening the opening 64. The high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be released from the opening 64, thus ensuring the safety of the energy storage box 20.

[0144] Understandably, the angle is related to the flow rate and velocity of the high-temperature, high-pressure gas. The greater the flow rate and the faster the velocity, the larger the angle, which can reach a maximum of 90°. As the high-temperature, high-pressure gas gradually dissipates, the thrust exerted by the gas on the blade 65 decreases due to the reduction in the amount of gas inside the housing 21. Consequently, the angle gradually decreases, and eventually, the blade 65 returns to a position parallel to the side wall 31, covering the opening 64 again.

[0145] Please refer to Figure 7 In some embodiments, the rotating shaft 66 may be located in the middle of the opening 64. The rotating shaft 66 divides the blade 65 into a first blade 651 and a second blade 652. The first blade 651 is located above the rotating shaft 66, and the second blade 652 is located below the rotating shaft 66. The length of the second blade 652 is greater than the length of the first blade 651.

[0146] Under normal conditions, since the length of the second blade 652 is greater than the length of the first blade 651, and the weight of the second blade 652 is greater than the weight of the first blade 651, the first blade 651 and the second blade 652 close under the action of gravity, thus closing the opening 64.

[0147] Under the condition of explosion relief, the high temperature and high pressure gas causes the second blade 652 to move inward ( Figure 7 As the pressure on the right side (of the blade) increases, the second blade 652 rotates outward around the axis 66. Simultaneously, the first blade 651 is driven to rotate inward, causing the blade 65 to rotate around the axis 66. Please refer to... Figure 8 In some embodiments, at least one energy storage module 22 includes a plurality of first energy storage modules 221 arranged along the length direction x of the housing 21, and at least one liquid cooling unit 23 includes a plurality of first liquid cooling units 231 arranged along the length direction x.

[0148] At least one energy storage module 22 includes a plurality of first energy storage modules 221 arranged along the length x of the housing 21. Increasing the number of first energy storage modules 221 increases the capacity of the energy storage box 20. By adjusting the number of first energy storage modules 221, the energy storage box 20 can be used for different charging scenarios.

[0149] At least one liquid cooling unit 23 includes multiple first liquid cooling units 231 arranged along the length x of the housing 21. Since there are multiple first energy storage modules 221, the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage tank 20 increase, and correspondingly, the heat dissipation capacity of the first liquid cooling units 231 needs to be increased. By increasing the number of first liquid cooling units 231, the heat dissipation capacity of the first liquid cooling units 231 can be improved to match the heat dissipation requirements of the energy storage tank 20.

[0150] Multiple first liquid cooling units 231 are arranged along the length x of the housing 21. The arrangement of the first liquid cooling units 231 is the same as that of the first energy storage module 221, which makes the pipeline connection between the first liquid cooling units 231 and the first energy storage module 221 more convenient and reduces the connection difficulty between the first liquid cooling units 231 and the first energy storage module 221.

[0151] Continue to refer to Figure 8 In embodiments where the number of liquid cooling units 23 equals the number of energy storage modules 22, each liquid cooling unit 23 can be paired with one energy storage module 22. Specifically, the heat dissipation capacity of the liquid cooling unit 23 can be matched to the heat dissipation requirements of its corresponding energy storage module 22. The liquid cooling units 23, energy storage modules 22, and power modules 24 can form a fully functional module, arranged in different numbers of rows to achieve different particle capacities, adapting to on-site deployment requirements.

[0152] For example, in embodiments where the energy storage system 10 is used in small factories, commercial parks, campuses, charging stations, etc., the energy storage box 20 may contain 1-3 energy storage modules 22 (e.g., Figure 2 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 (As shown). Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box 20, which includes an energy storage module 22. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box 20, which includes two energy storage modules 22 (the first energy storage module 221). Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box 20, which includes three energy storage modules 22 (first energy storage module 221).

[0153] In embodiments where the energy storage system 10 is used in microgrids, wind power generation scenarios, photovoltaic power generation scenarios, etc., the energy storage box 20 may contain 4-6 energy storage modules 22 (e.g., Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 (As shown). Figure 10 This is a structural diagram of the energy storage box 20, which includes four energy storage modules 22 (the first energy storage module 221). Figure 11 This is a structural diagram of the energy storage box 20, which includes five energy storage modules 22 (the first energy storage module 221). Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage box 20, which includes six energy storage modules 22 (first energy storage module 221).

[0154] Continue to refer to Figure 10The heat dissipation requirements of battery pack 25 are also related to its charge / discharge rate. Here, charge / discharge rate = charge / discharge current of battery pack 25 / rated capacity of battery pack 25. In other words, with a fixed rated capacity, a higher charge / discharge rate results in a higher charge / discharge current, a shorter charge / discharge time, and makes battery pack 25 more prone to overheating. Therefore, a higher charge / discharge rate of battery pack 25 leads to greater heat dissipation requirements.

[0155] Since the energy storage module 22 includes multiple battery packs 25 connected in series, the charge / discharge rate of the battery packs 25 is equal to the charge / discharge rate of the energy storage module 22. The energy storage box 20 includes at least one energy storage module 22. In embodiments where there are multiple energy storage modules 22, the multiple energy storage modules 22 are connected in parallel. Therefore, the charge / discharge rate of the energy storage box 20 is equal to the charge / discharge rate of the energy storage module 22, which is equal to the charge / discharge rate of the battery packs 25.

[0156] When the number of energy storage modules 22 is fixed, that is, when the number of battery packs 25 is fixed, the number of liquid cooling units 23 is related to the charge / discharge rate of the energy storage tank 20. For example, in an embodiment where the number of energy storage modules 22 is fixed at 4, when the charge / discharge rate of the energy storage tank 20 is 0.125CP, the heat dissipation requirement of the battery packs 25 is relatively small, and one liquid cooling unit 23 can be used for heat dissipation (e.g., Figure 13 (As shown). When the charge / discharge rate of the energy storage tank 20 is 0.25CP, the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack 25 increases. Two liquid cooling units 23 can be installed for heat dissipation (e.g., Figure 14 (As shown). When the charge / discharge rate of the energy storage tank 20 is 0.5CP, the heat dissipation requirement of the battery pack 25 is greater, and four liquid cooling units 23 can be set up for heat dissipation (e.g., Figure 10 (As shown).

[0157] In this way, the cooling effect of the liquid-cooled unit 23 can be matched with the heat dissipation requirements under different charge and discharge rates. Here, C in CP refers to a constant multiple of the charge and discharge current, and P refers to a constant power.

[0158] Please refer to Figure 12 , Figure 15 , Figure 16 and Figure 17 In some embodiments, the number of rows of the battery pack 25 varies with the width of the battery pack 25. Multiple first energy storage modules 221 are arranged along the length x-direction of the housing 21, and the charge / discharge rate of the battery pack 25 is 0.5C.

[0159] The charge / discharge rate of the battery pack 25 is 0.5C, which means that the energy storage box 20 provided in this application embodiment can also be used in high-rate scenarios.

[0160] The number of rows of the battery pack 25 varies with the width of the battery pack 25, and can be adjusted according to the width of the battery pack 25 and the charge / discharge rate. For example, in an embodiment where the charge / discharge rate of the battery pack 25 is 0.5C, the number of first liquid cooling units 231 is 6. When the length of the battery pack 25 along the length x-direction of the housing 21 is 1500mm-1700mm (for example, the length of the battery pack 25 can be 1500mm, 1600mm, or 1700mm), the number of first energy storage modules 221 is 3 (e.g., ...). Figure 15 (As shown).

[0161] When the length of the battery pack 25 along the x-direction of the housing 21 is 1150mm-1300mm (for example, the length of the battery pack 25 can be 1150mm, 1200mm, or 1300mm), the number of first energy storage modules 221 is 4 (e.g., ...). Figure 16 (As shown). When the length of the battery pack 25 along the x-direction of the housing 21 is 900mm-1000mm (for example, the length of the battery pack 25 can be 900mm, 950mm, or 1000mm), the number of first energy storage modules 221 is 5 (e.g., ...). Figure 17 (As shown). When the length of the battery pack 25 along the x-direction of the housing 21 is 770mm-810mm (for example, the length of the battery pack 25 can be 770mm, 800mm, or 810mm), the number of first energy storage modules 221 is 6 (e.g., ...). Figure 12 (As shown).

[0162] Please refer to Figure 18 In some embodiments, the liquid cooling unit 23 is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack 25 via a liquid cooling pipeline 26. The liquid cooling pipeline 26 includes a main pipeline 261 and at least one distribution pipeline 262. Each distribution pipeline 262 is connected to each battery pack 25 in an energy storage module 22. Each distribution pipeline 262 is connected to the main pipeline 261. The liquid cooling unit 23 is connected to the main pipeline 261 and is used to deliver coolant to the main pipeline 261.

[0163] Understandably, the liquid cooling piping 26 includes inlet and outlet piping. Figure 18 The front view of the internal structure of the energy storage tank 20 does not show the two sets of piping. The liquid cooling unit 23 has two interfaces: one interface is connected to the input pipeline to receive coolant from the liquid cooling plate; the other interface is connected to the output pipeline to supply coolant to the battery pack 25. The battery pack 25 also has two interfaces: one interface is connected to the input pipeline to supply coolant to the liquid cooling unit 23; the other interface is connected to the output pipeline to receive coolant from the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0164] In the above embodiments, the liquid cooling unit 23 may further include a water pump, since the liquid cooling unit 23 is located between the energy storage module 22 and the top wall 32 ( Figure 3 As shown, a water pump drives the coolant to circulate within the main pipeline 261 and the distribution pipeline 262, allowing the coolant to overcome gravity and flow into the liquid-cooled unit 23. The liquid-cooled unit 23 may also include a temperature sensor that can monitor the temperature of the coolant and refrigerant in real time, ensuring that the liquid-cooled unit 23 operates within a suitable temperature range.

[0165] The liquid cooling unit 23 may also include valves, which can be installed between the main pipeline 261 and the liquid cooling unit 23. The valves can regulate the flow rate and pressure of the coolant to ensure stable operation of the liquid cooling unit 23. It is understood that the connection between the distribution pipeline 262 and the battery pack 25 can also be equipped with valves. By controlling the opening and closing of the valves, heat dissipation management of individual battery packs 25 can be achieved. For example, when a battery pack 25 corresponding to a certain distribution pipeline 262 is pulled out, the valve can be closed to prevent coolant from circulating within the pipeline and causing waste.

[0166] Please refer to Figure 18 and Figure 19 In embodiments where there are multiple liquid cooling units 23, the main pipeline 261 can collect the coolant flowing from each liquid cooling unit 23 and distribute it to each battery pack 25. When the number of liquid cooling units 23 is greater than one, the failure of a single liquid cooling unit 23 will not cause the entire system to fail; the remaining liquid cooling units 23 can maintain coolant circulation, ensuring the continuity of the liquid cooling system. For example, Figure 19 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling pipeline 26 when there are two liquid cooling units 23. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid cooling pipeline 26 when there are three liquid cooling units 23.

[0167] Please refer to Figure 20 In an embodiment where there is one liquid cooling unit 23, since the main pipeline 261 is connected to each distribution pipeline 262, the coolant can flow into the main pipeline 261 and then flow to each distribution pipeline 262, so that each battery pack 25 can dissipate heat.

[0168] Please refer to Figure 21 , Figure 21 This is a side view of the energy storage box 20. In the above embodiment, the side wall 31 includes a first side wall 311 and a second side wall 312 disposed opposite to each other along the width direction y of the box body 21. The air inlet 40 includes a first air inlet 42 and a second air inlet 43. The first side wall 311 is provided with the first air inlet 42, and the second side wall 312 is provided with the second air inlet 43. The liquid cooling unit 23 is located between the first air inlet 42 and the second air inlet 43.

[0169] The air inlet 40 includes a first air inlet 42 and a second air inlet 43, which can increase the airflow into the housing 21, improve the air heat exchange rate, and thus improve the heat dissipation rate of the liquid-cooled unit 23. The side wall 31 includes a first side wall 311 and a second side wall 312 arranged opposite each other along the width direction y of the housing 21. The first air inlet 42 is located on the first side wall 311, and the second air inlet 43 is located on the second side wall 312. This can promote symmetrical airflow inside the liquid-cooled unit 23, reduce local airflow dead zones, and ensure a more uniform distribution of cold air, thereby improving the heat dissipation rate of the liquid-cooled unit 23. At the same time, increasing the number of air inlets 40 can increase the heat exchange area between the liquid-cooled unit 23 and the outside air, improve the heat exchange rate between the liquid-cooled unit 23 and the outside air, and thus improve the heat dissipation effect of the battery pack 25.

[0170] Continue to refer to Figure 21 and Figure 22 , Figure 22 for Figure 21 Side view of the liquid cooling unit 23. In the above embodiment, the liquid cooling unit 23 includes a refrigeration unit 51, a first heat exchanger 52, a second heat exchanger 53, and a fan 54. The refrigeration unit 51 is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack 25, and the refrigeration unit 51 is used to regulate the temperature of the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack 25 through the compressor, condenser, and evaporator in the refrigeration unit 51. The refrigeration unit 51 is located at the first air inlet 42.

[0171] A first cooling medium flows within the refrigeration unit 51. After entering the refrigeration unit 51, the coolant enters the evaporator and exchanges heat with the first cooling medium, causing the coolant temperature to drop and then flowing back to the liquid cooling plate. The first cooling medium absorbs heat from the coolant, its temperature rises, and it changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state. The gaseous first cooling medium enters the compressor and is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure first cooling medium.

[0172] A second cooling medium flows through the condenser. The high-temperature and high-pressure first cooling medium enters the condenser and exchanges heat with the second cooling medium. The temperature of the first cooling medium decreases, and it becomes a low-temperature liquid first cooling medium. The second cooling medium absorbs the heat from the first cooling medium, and its temperature rises.

[0173] The second cooling medium, which has increased in temperature, can enter the first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53 through the pipeline. The first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53 are equipped with fins. The fins can carry away the temperature of the second cooling medium, and then the air can carry away the heat on the fins, thereby cooling the second cooling medium and allowing the second cooling medium to continue to dissipate heat for the first cooling medium.

[0174] The embodiments of this application do not limit the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium. For example, the first cooling medium can be a refrigerant, and the second cooling medium can be water, ethylene glycol, etc.

[0175] The first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53 are arranged at intervals along the width direction y of the housing 21. The first heat exchanger 52 is arranged at an angle to the top wall 32, and the second heat exchanger 53 is arranged at an angle to the top wall 32. The air inlet surface of the first heat exchanger 52 is connected to the first air inlet 42, and the air inlet surface of the second heat exchanger 53 is connected to the second air inlet 43.

[0176] The first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53 are arranged at intervals along the width direction y of the housing 21. The first heat exchanger 52 is arranged at an angle to the top wall 32, and the second heat exchanger 53 is arranged at an angle to the top wall 32. The embodiments of this application do not limit the size of the included angle. For example, the included angle can be 30°, 45°, 75°, etc.

[0177] The first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53 are spaced apart along the width direction y of the housing 21, providing ample space for airflow and ensuring sufficient heat exchange between the air and the first and second heat exchangers 52 and 53, thereby guaranteeing the heat dissipation rate of the liquid cooling unit 23. The first and second heat exchangers 52 and 53 are angled to the top wall 32, which increases the fluid velocity within the first and second heat exchangers 52 and 53, guides the fluid to distribute evenly, reduces localized low-velocity areas, and ensures the heat exchange rate of the first and second heat exchangers 52 and 53.

[0178] The air inlet surface of the first heat exchanger 52 is connected to the first air inlet 42, and the air inlet surface of the second heat exchanger 53 is connected to the second air inlet 43. This allows for full utilization of the air within the liquid-cooled unit 23, increasing the heat exchange area between the first and second heat exchangers 52 and the air, thereby improving the heat dissipation rate of the liquid-cooled unit 23. This application embodiment does not limit the type of heat exchanger; for example, the heat exchanger can be a plate heat exchanger, a microchannel heat exchanger, etc.

[0179] The fan 54 is located at the air outlet 41, and the air inlet of the fan 54 is connected to the air outlet surface of the first heat exchanger 52 and the air outlet surface of the second heat exchanger 53.

[0180] The air inlet of fan 54 is connected to the air outlet of the first heat exchanger 52 and the air outlet of the second heat exchanger 53, respectively, and the air outlet of fan 54 is connected to air outlet 41. That is, fan 54 can transport air from the first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53 to the outside. Fan 54 can promote airflow, enabling air to enter from the first air inlet 42 or the second air inlet 43, pass through the first heat exchanger 52 or the second heat exchanger 53, and finally return to the outside through air outlet 41. This application embodiment does not limit the fan 54; for example, fan 54 can be an axial fan, a centrifugal fan, or a mixed-flow fan.

[0181] The fan 54 can draw away the hot air after it has exchanged heat with the fins of the first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53, so that the hot air can be transferred to the outside through the air outlet 41, thus preventing the hot air from affecting the heat exchange inside the liquid cooling unit 23 and improving the heat dissipation effect of the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0182] Continue to refer to Figure 21 In the above embodiment, a first enclosure door 44 is provided on the first sidewall 311, and a first air inlet 42 is located above the first enclosure door 44. The first enclosure door 44 faces the energy storage module 22 and the power module 24, allowing personnel to open the first enclosure door 44 for inspection and maintenance of the energy storage module 22 and the power module 24. The first air inlet 42 is located above the first enclosure door 44, and the liquid-cooled unit 23 does not interfere with the first enclosure door 44; the liquid-cooled unit 23 operates normally while the energy storage module 22 is being inspected.

[0183] Please refer to Figure 22 and Figure 23 , Figure 22 and Figure 23 for Figure 21 Side view of liquid-cooled unit 23. Figure 22 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the liquid cooling unit 23 under normal conditions. Figure 23 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the liquid-cooled unit 23 under explosion-proof conditions. Figure 22 The black dashed line in the middle represents the airflow path under normal conditions. Figure 23 The black dashed line in the middle represents the flow path of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas under explosion venting conditions. The explosion venting plate 61 includes a first explosion venting plate 611 and a second explosion venting plate 612. The first explosion venting plate 611 is located between the first heat exchanger 52 and the partition plate 27, and the second explosion venting plate 612 is located between the second heat exchanger 53 and the partition plate 27. The first explosion venting plate 611 covers the first explosion venting port 621, and the second explosion venting plate 612 covers the second explosion venting port 622.

[0184] Under normal conditions, the explosion relief plate 61 is closed, and air enters the liquid-cooled unit 23 through the first air inlet 42 and the second air inlet 43, exchanges heat with the first heat exchanger 52 and the second heat exchanger 53, and then flows out through the air outlet 41 via the fan 54. Under explosion relief conditions, the first explosion relief plate 611 and the second explosion relief plate 612 are opened, and high-temperature and high-pressure gas is released through the first explosion relief port 621 or the second explosion relief port 622, and then released to the outside of the energy storage tank 20 through the first air inlet 42, the second air inlet 43, or the air outlet 41.

[0185] The first explosion vent plate 611 is located between the first heat exchanger 52 and the partition plate 27, and the second explosion vent plate 612 is located between the second heat exchanger 53 and the partition plate 27. This allows for full utilization of the space between the first heat exchanger 52 and the partition plate 27, and between the second heat exchanger 53 and the partition plate 27, thereby maximizing the use of the energy storage box 20. Figure 2 The top space (as shown) improves the utilization rate of the internal space of the energy storage box 20.

[0186] Meanwhile, the air inlet surface of the first heat exchanger 52 is connected to the first air inlet 42, and its opening direction is consistent with that of the first explosion relief plate 611. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged from the first explosion relief port 621, the first heat exchanger 52 will not come into contact with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, resulting in a reduction in the flow rate of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas. The air inlet surface of the second heat exchanger 53 is connected to the second air inlet 43, and its opening direction is consistent with that of the second explosion relief plate 612. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged from the second explosion relief port 622, the second heat exchanger 53 will not come into contact with the high-temperature and high-pressure gas, resulting in a reduction in the flow rate of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas.

[0187] The first explosion relief plate 611 is located between the first heat exchanger 52 and the partition plate 27, and the second explosion relief plate 612 is located between the second heat exchanger 53 and the partition plate 27. This can ensure the flow rate of high-temperature and high-pressure gas when it is released from the explosion relief plate 61, thereby ensuring the safety of the energy storage box 20.

[0188] Please refer to Figure 24 , Figure 24 The black dashed lines represent the airflow path, and the circles marked with a dot indicate air moving outwards from the paper. In embodiments where the energy storage system 10 includes multiple energy storage boxes 20, the multiple energy storage boxes 20 are arranged along the box body 21 ( Figure 21 As shown, multiple energy storage boxes 20 are spaced apart along the length x direction and the width y direction of the box body 21. In the width y direction of the box body 21, the second sidewalls 312 of two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 are arranged opposite each other.

[0189] Because the energy storage box 20 is equipped with a first door 44, and the second sidewalls 312 of two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 are arranged opposite each other, sufficient space can be provided for the opening and closing of the first door 44. At the same time, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 is reduced, increasing the floor space density of the energy storage system 10. Furthermore, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 ensures that air can pass smoothly through the second air inlet 43. Figure 23 As shown) enters the casing, ensuring that air and liquid cooling unit 23 ( Figure 23 The heat exchange rate between the liquid cooler unit 23 and the heat exchange rate between them is increased to ensure the heat dissipation rate of the liquid cooler unit 23.

[0190] In the above embodiments, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600 mm, and the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600 mm. For example, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 can be 600 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm, or 100 mm. The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 can be 600 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm, or 100 mm.

[0191] The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600mm, and the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600mm. This can avoid the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 being too close, so that the heat generated by the two energy storage boxes 20 can affect each other and thus affect the normal operation of the energy storage boxes 20. At the same time, it can ensure that the energy storage system 10 has a large footprint.

[0192] Please refer to Figure 25 and Figure 26 , Figure 25 This is a side view of the energy storage box 20. Figure 26 for Figure 25 A side view of the liquid-cooled unit 23. In some embodiments, the side wall 31 is provided with a first air inlet 42, and the top wall 32 is provided with an air outlet 41 and a second air inlet 43. The second air inlet 43 is closer to the liquid-cooled unit 23 than the air outlet 41.

[0193] The second air inlet 43 is located on the top wall 32. The increased number of air inlets 40 can increase the heat exchange area between the liquid cooler unit 23 and the outside air, and improve the heat exchange rate between the liquid cooler unit 23 and the outside air, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the battery pack 25.

[0194] Compared to the air outlet 41, the second air inlet 43 is closer to the liquid cooling unit 23. Air enters the housing 21 through the second air inlet 43, making it easier to exchange heat with the liquid cooling unit 23. This ensures the heat exchange rate between the air and the liquid cooling unit 23, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation rate of the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0195] Continue to refer to Figure 26 , Figure 26 The black dashed line represents the airflow path under normal conditions. In the above embodiment, the liquid cooling unit 23 includes a refrigeration unit 51, a heat exchanger 55, and a fan 54. The refrigeration unit 51 is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack 25. The refrigeration unit 51 is used to regulate the temperature of the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack 25 through the compressor, condenser, and evaporator in the refrigeration unit 51. The refrigeration unit 51 is located at the first air inlet 42.

[0196] A first cooling medium flows within the refrigeration unit 51. After entering the refrigeration unit 51, the coolant enters the evaporator and exchanges heat with the first cooling medium, causing the coolant temperature to drop and then flowing back to the liquid cooling plate. The first cooling medium absorbs heat from the coolant, its temperature rises, and it changes from a liquid state to a gaseous state. The gaseous first cooling medium enters the compressor and is compressed into a high-temperature, high-pressure first cooling medium.

[0197] A second cooling medium flows through the condenser. The high-temperature and high-pressure first cooling medium enters the condenser and exchanges heat with the second cooling medium. The temperature of the first cooling medium decreases, and it becomes a low-temperature liquid first cooling medium. The second cooling medium absorbs the heat from the first cooling medium, and its temperature rises.

[0198] The second cooling medium, which has increased in temperature, can enter the heat exchanger 55 through a pipe. The heat exchanger 55 is equipped with fins, which can carry away the temperature of the second cooling medium. Then, the air carries away the heat from the fins, thereby cooling the second cooling medium and allowing it to continue to dissipate heat for the first cooling medium.

[0199] The embodiments of this application do not limit the first cooling medium and the second cooling medium. For example, the first cooling medium can be a refrigerant, and the second cooling medium can be water, ethylene glycol, etc.

[0200] The heat exchanger 55 and the refrigeration unit 51 are spaced apart along the width direction y. The heat exchanger 55 is set at an angle to the top wall 32. The air inlet surface of the heat exchanger 55 is connected to the first air inlet 42 and the second air inlet 43, respectively. The fan 54 is set at the air outlet 41, and the air inlet of the fan 54 is connected to the air outlet surface of the heat exchanger 55.

[0201] This application does not limit the size of the included angle in its embodiments; for example, the included angle can be 30°, 45°, 75°, etc. The heat exchanger 55 and the refrigeration unit 51 are along the casing 21 (… Figure 25 The spacing of the heat exchanger 55 along its width (as shown) provides ample space for airflow, ensuring sufficient heat exchange between the air and the heat exchanger 55, thereby guaranteeing the heat dissipation rate of the liquid cooling unit 23. The angle between the heat exchanger 55 and the top wall 32 increases the fluid velocity within the heat exchanger 55, guides the fluid to distribute evenly, reduces localized low-velocity areas, and ensures the heat exchange rate of the heat exchanger 55.

[0202] The fan 54 promotes airflow, enabling air to enter through the first air inlet 42 or the second air inlet 43, pass through the heat exchanger 55, and finally return to the outside through the air outlet 41. The fan 54 can also draw away the hot air after it has exchanged heat with the fins of the heat exchanger 55, allowing the hot air to be transferred to the outside through the air outlet 41. This prevents the hot air from affecting the heat exchange inside the liquid cooling unit 23, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect of the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0203] Continue to refer to Figure 25 In some embodiments, a first enclosure door 44 is provided on the first sidewall 311, and a first air inlet 42 is located above the first enclosure door 44. The first enclosure door 44 faces the energy storage module 22 and the power module 24, allowing personnel to open the first enclosure door 44 for inspection and maintenance of the energy storage module 22 and the power module 24. The first air inlet 42 is located above the first enclosure door 44, and the liquid-cooled unit 23 does not interfere with the first enclosure door 44; the liquid-cooled unit 23 operates normally while the energy storage module 22 is being inspected.

[0204] Please refer to Figure 26 and Figure 27 , Figure 26 and Figure 27 for Figure 25 Side view of liquid-cooled unit 23. Figure 26 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the liquid cooling unit 23 under normal conditions. Figure 27 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a liquid-cooled unit under explosion-proof conditions. Figure 26 The black dashed line with an arrow in the middle represents the airflow path under normal conditions. Figure 27 The black dashed line with arrows indicates the flow path of high-temperature, high-pressure gas under explosion-proof conditions. The explosion-proof plate 61 is located between the fan 54 and the baffle 27.

[0205] Under normal conditions, air can enter the liquid-cooled unit 23 through the first air inlet 42 and the second air inlet 43, exchange heat with the heat exchanger 55, and then flow out through the air outlet 41 via the fan 54. Under explosion-proof conditions, the explosion-proof plate 61 opens, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is released through the explosion-proof port 62, and then released to the outside of the energy storage tank 20 through the first air inlet 42, the second air inlet 43, or the air outlet 41.

[0206] Since there are no other devices between the fan 54 and the explosion relief plate 61, the flow space of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is relatively sufficient. When the high-temperature and high-pressure gas is discharged from the explosion relief port, it can be discharged directly through the air outlet 41, ensuring the flow rate and velocity of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas.

[0207] Please refer to Figure 28 , Figure 28 This is a front view of the liquid-cooled unit 23. The explosion relief plate 61 is typically along the casing 21. Figure 25 (As shown) the length direction x opens, Figure 28 The dashed box indicates that the explosion relief plate 61 is in the closed state, and the solid box indicates that the explosion relief plate 61 is in the open state. In embodiments where there are multiple explosion relief plates 61, the multiple explosion relief plates 61 can be arranged at intervals along the length x of the housing 21. Along the length x of the housing 21, the distance between two adjacent explosion relief plates 61 is greater than the length of the explosion relief plate 61, so as to avoid mutual interference when the explosion relief plates 61 are open, and to prevent the adjacent explosion relief ports 62 from working.

[0208] Please refer to Figure 29 In the above embodiment, an opening 64 is provided on the second sidewall 312, and a blade 65 is covered on the opening 64.

[0209] Opening 64 is located on the second side wall 312. Gas leaks out from the explosion vent 62 and through opening 64 to the energy storage box 20. Figure 25 As shown, since no other devices are installed on this explosion venting path, the gas can be directly released from the opening 64, thereby ensuring the gas flow rate and the safety of the energy storage box 20.

[0210] The opening 64 is covered by blades 65. Understandably, during normal operation of the liquid-cooled unit 23, at the fan 54, gas moves from the inlet to the outlet of the fan 54. Therefore, the air pressure inside the energy storage tank 20 is lower than the external air pressure, resulting in a negative pressure inside the energy storage tank 20. The inner surface of the blades 65 is close to the fan 54; therefore, the air pressure near the inner surface of the blades 65 is lower than the air pressure near the outer surface of the blades 65, and the blades 65 are in a closed state.

[0211] When the battery pack 25 explodes, high-temperature and high-pressure gas is released from the explosion vent 62. The gas pressure inside the energy storage box 20 increases instantly, exceeding the gas pressure outside the energy storage box 20. The gas pressure near the inner surface of the blade 65 is greater than the gas pressure near the outer surface of the blade 65. The blade 65 is in the open state, and the high-temperature and high-pressure gas can be released quickly through the opening 64.

[0212] The opening 64 is covered with blades 65 to prevent air from entering through the opening 64, disrupting the normal liquid cooling path, and affecting the normal operation of the liquid cooling unit 23. The blades 65 covering the opening 64 can provide an optimal explosion venting path for the energy storage tank 20 without affecting the normal operation of the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0213] Please refer to Figure 30 A circle marked with a dot (·) indicates air moving outwards from the paper, while a circle marked with an arrow (×) indicates air moving inwards from the paper. In embodiments where the energy storage system 10 includes multiple energy storage boxes 20, the multiple energy storage boxes 20 are arranged along the box body 21 (… Figure 25 As shown, multiple energy storage boxes 20 are spaced apart along the length x direction and the width y direction of the box body 21. In the width y direction of the box body 21, the second sidewalls 312 of two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 are arranged opposite each other.

[0214] Because the energy storage box 20 is equipped with a first door 44, and the second sidewalls 312 of two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 are arranged opposite each other, sufficient space can be provided for the opening and closing of the first door 44, while reducing the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21, thereby increasing the floor space density of the energy storage system 10. Meanwhile, the first air inlet 42 ( Figure 29 As shown) is located above the first door 44, the second air inlet 43 ( Figure 29 As shown, it is set on the top wall 32. Even if the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length x direction of the box 21 is small, it will not affect the air flow rate into the box 21. It can ensure the heat exchange rate between the air and the liquid cooling unit 23, thereby ensuring the heat dissipation rate of the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0215] In the above embodiments, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600 mm, and the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600 mm. For example, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 can be 600 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm, or 100 mm. The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 can be 600 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm, or 100 mm.

[0216] The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600mm, and the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600mm. This can avoid the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 being too close, so that the heat generated by the two energy storage boxes 20 can affect each other and thus affect the normal operation of the energy storage boxes 20. At the same time, it can ensure that the energy storage system 10 has a large footprint.

[0217] Please refer to Figure 31 and Figure 32 , Figure 32 for Figure 31 A side view of the energy storage box 20. In the above embodiment, at least one energy storage module 22 includes a plurality of second energy storage modules 222 arranged along the width direction y of the box body 21, and at least one liquid cooling unit 23 includes a plurality of second liquid cooling units 232 arranged along the width direction y.

[0218] At least one energy storage module 22 includes multiple second energy storage modules 222 arranged along the width direction y of the housing 21, which can increase the number of energy storage modules 22 and further increase the capacity of the energy storage box 20. Since the second air inlet 43 is located on the top wall 32, air can smoothly enter the two second liquid cooling units 232 in adjacent rows without affecting each other, which can ensure the normal operation of each second liquid cooling unit 232.

[0219] Continue to refer to Figure 18 and Figure 32 In the above embodiment, the refrigeration unit 51 is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack 25 through the liquid cooling pipeline 26. The liquid cooling pipeline 26 includes a main pipeline 261 and at least one distribution pipeline 262. Each distribution pipeline 262 is connected to each battery pack 25 in a second energy storage module 222. Each distribution pipeline 262 is connected to the main pipeline 261. The liquid cooling unit 23 is connected to the main pipeline 261 and is used to deliver coolant to the main pipeline 261.

[0220] It is understood that the main pipeline 261 and at least one distribution pipeline 262 include inlet and outlet pipelines. Figure 32 Because the side view does not fully show the contents, the liquid cooling unit 23 has two interfaces: one interface is connected to the input pipeline for receiving coolant from the liquid cooling plate; the other interface is connected to the output pipeline for supplying coolant to the battery pack 25. The battery pack 25 also has two interfaces: one interface is connected to the input pipeline for supplying coolant to the liquid cooling unit 23; the other interface is connected to the output pipeline for receiving coolant from the liquid cooling unit 23.

[0221] The main pipeline 261 is connected to the liquid cooling unit 23. The coolant from the liquid cooling unit 23 is collected in the main pipeline 261 and flows to the distribution pipeline 262. Even if some of the liquid cooling units 23 fail, coolant will still flow to the liquid cooling plates of each battery pack 25, preventing the entire system from failing. The remaining liquid cooling units 23 can maintain the circulation of coolant, ensuring the continuity of the liquid cooling system.

[0222] Continue to refer to Figure 32In the above embodiment, the first air inlet 42 includes a first sub-air inlet 421 and a second sub-air inlet 422. A first door 44 and a first sub-air inlet 421 are provided on the first side wall 311. The first sub-air inlet 421 is located above the first door 44. A second door 45 and a second sub-air inlet 422 are provided on the second side wall 312. The second sub-air inlet 422 is located above the second door 45.

[0223] At least one energy storage module 22 includes two rows of second energy storage modules 222 arranged along the width direction. A liquid distribution pipe 262 is provided between one row of second energy storage modules 222 and the first box door 44, and a liquid distribution pipe 262 is provided between the other row of second energy storage modules 222 and the second box door 45.

[0224] At least one energy storage module 22 includes two rows of second energy storage modules 222 arranged along the width direction. A first door 44 is provided on the first side wall 311, and a second door 45 is provided on the second side wall 312. The first door 44 faces one row of second energy storage modules 222, and the second door 45 faces the other row of second energy storage modules 222, and the second door 45 can be used for inspection and maintenance of the other row of second energy storage modules 222.

[0225] The first air inlet 42 includes a first sub-air inlet 421 and a second sub-air inlet 422. The first sub-air inlet 421 is located above the first enclosure door 44, and the second sub-air inlet 422 is located above the second enclosure door 45. Since the first enclosure door 44 faces a row of second energy storage modules 222, air can exchange heat with the corresponding second liquid cooler 232 units through the first sub-air inlet 421, thus achieving heat dissipation for this row of second energy storage modules 222. Since the second enclosure door 45 faces another row of second energy storage modules 222, air can exchange heat with the corresponding second liquid cooler 232 units through the second sub-air inlet 422, thus achieving heat dissipation for the other row of second energy storage modules 222.

[0226] A liquid distribution pipeline 262 is provided between the second energy storage module 222 in one row and the first box door 44, and a liquid distribution pipeline 262 is provided between the second energy storage module 222 in another row and the second box door 45, which makes it more convenient to inspect and maintain the liquid distribution pipeline 262.

[0227] Please refer to Figure 33 , Figure 33The black dashed line with arrows indicates the airflow path into the energy storage box 20. In embodiments where the energy storage system 10 includes multiple energy storage boxes 20, the multiple energy storage boxes 20 are spaced apart along the length x direction of the box body 21 and spaced apart along the width y direction of the box body 21, and in the width y direction of the box body 21, the second sidewalls 312 of two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 are arranged opposite each other.

[0228] The energy storage system 10 includes multiple energy storage boxes 20, which are spaced apart along the length x direction of the box body 21 and spaced apart along the width y direction of the box body 21, thereby increasing the capacity of the energy storage system 10.

[0229] In the above embodiments, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600 mm, and the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600 mm. For example, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 can be 600 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm, or 100 mm. The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 can be 600 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm, or 100 mm.

[0230] The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length x direction of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600mm. This can prevent the distance between the two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 from being too close, so that the heat generated by the two energy storage boxes 20 can affect each other and thus affect the normal operation of the energy storage boxes 20. At the same time, it can ensure that the energy storage system 10 has a large footprint.

[0231] Please refer to Figure 34 In some embodiments, the energy storage box 20 further includes a power distribution compartment 28, which is spaced apart from the energy storage module 22 along the length x of the box body 21. The power distribution compartment 28 is located between the energy storage module 22 and the side wall 31. The cables of the power module 24 can be integrated inside the power distribution compartment 28 and connected to external devices through the power distribution compartment 28. Integrating the cables inside the power distribution compartment 28 facilitates unified external wiring. The power distribution compartment 28 is also equipped with fire-fighting components, which, for example, may include gas cylinders, fire-fighting control panels, etc.

[0232] The distribution compartment 28 may also include a central management unit (CMU) and an auxiliary power input. It is understood that the power module 24 includes a BCU, switches, and an auxiliary power board. The operation of the BCU, switches, and auxiliary power board all require power. One end of the auxiliary power input within the distribution compartment can be connected to an external power source, and the other end can be connected to the circuit board of the power module 24 to power the BCU, switches, and auxiliary power board. Alternatively, the other end of the auxiliary power input can be directly electrically connected to the BCU, switches, and auxiliary power board to power them.

[0233] The BCU, switch, and auxiliary power board are connected to the CMU. The CMU can receive information from the BCU, switch, and auxiliary power board, and send control signals to each of them to adjust the battery pack 25. For example, the CMU can control the on / off state of the switch based on the information from the BCU regarding the battery pack 25, thereby adjusting the on / off state of the battery pack 25.

[0234] Since the power distribution compartment 28 needs maintenance, a third door 46 can be installed on the surface of the side wall 31 near the power distribution compartment 28. By opening and closing the third door 46, the power distribution compartment 28 can be inspected and maintained.

[0235] Please refer to Figure 35 In an embodiment where the energy storage system 10 includes multiple energy storage boxes 20, the multiple energy storage boxes 20 are arranged along the box body 21 ( Figure 34 As shown, multiple energy storage boxes 20 are spaced apart along the length x-direction and width y-direction of the box body 21, with the second sidewalls 312 of adjacent energy storage boxes 20 facing each other along the width y-direction of the box body 21. Since each energy storage box 20 has a first door 44, and the second sidewalls 312 of adjacent energy storage boxes 20 face each other along the width y-direction of the box body 21, no additional space is needed to open the first door 44. This reduces the space between two energy storage boxes 20 and increases the footprint density of the energy storage system 10.

[0236] In some embodiments, the position of the third door 46 of one energy storage box 20 within the energy storage box 20 is the same as the position of the third door 46 of its adjacent energy storage box 20 within its own energy storage box 20. For example, the third door 46 of one energy storage box 20 is located on the right side of its box body 21, and the third door 46 of the energy storage box 20 adjacent to this energy storage box 20 is also located on the right side of its box body 21. In this way, collisions or space encroachment problems can be avoided when two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 are simultaneously inspected and maintained in the distribution compartment 28.

[0237] In the above embodiments, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 1500 mm, and the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 is less than or equal to 600 mm. For example, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x of the box body 21 can be 1500 mm, 1000 mm, 500 mm, or 100 mm. The distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the width direction y of the box body 21 can be 600 mm, 400 mm, 200 mm, or 100 mm.

[0238] Understandably, since the energy storage box 20 is equipped with a third door 46, opening the third door 46 for maintenance will occupy a certain amount of space. Therefore, the distance between two adjacent energy storage boxes 20 in the length direction x is less than or equal to 1500mm, which can maximize the footprint density of the energy storage system 10 while ensuring that the third door 46 can be used normally.

[0239] Please refer to Figure 36 and Figure 37 , Figure 37 This is a front view of the energy storage box 20. This application embodiment also provides a distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box 20, including a box body 21, at least one energy storage module 22, and at least one liquid cooling unit 23. The box body 21 includes a side wall 31 and a top wall 32 and a bottom wall 33 disposed opposite to each other. The top wall 32 has an air outlet 41, and the side wall 31 has an air inlet 40. At least one energy storage module 22 is disposed inside the box body 21, and the energy storage module 22 includes at least one battery pack 25 stacked together. At least one liquid cooling unit 23 is disposed between the energy storage module 22 and the side wall 31, and the liquid cooling unit 23 communicates with the air outlet 41 and the air inlet 40. The liquid cooling unit 23 is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plates in the at least one battery pack 25.

[0240] When the charge / discharge rate of the battery pack 25 changes, different numbers of liquid cooling units 23 can be configured to flexibly adapt to the heat dissipation requirements under different charge / discharge rates. The liquid cooling units 23 are positioned between the energy storage module and the side wall, increasing the heat dissipation area on the top of the energy storage module 22 and improving its natural heat dissipation rate. Simultaneously, this ensures that the liquid cooling units 23 can be inspected and maintained during the maintenance and repair of the energy storage module 22, guaranteeing their normal operation.

[0241] In some embodiments, the energy storage box 20 further includes an explosion relief plate 61, which is disposed on top of the energy storage module 22.

[0242] Please refer to Figure 38 and Figure 39 , Figure 39This is a side view of the energy storage box 20. This application embodiment also provides a distributed liquid-cooled energy storage box 20, including a box body 21, at least one energy storage module 22, and at least one liquid cooling unit 23. The box body 21 includes a side wall 31 and a top wall 32 and a bottom wall 33 disposed opposite to each other. A box door 47 is provided on the side wall 31, and an air inlet 40 and an air outlet 41 are provided on the box door 47. The air outlet 41 is positioned higher than the air inlet 40. At least one energy storage module 22 is disposed inside the box body 21, and the energy storage module 22 includes at least one battery pack 25 stacked together. At least one liquid cooling unit 23 is disposed on the box door 47, and the liquid cooling unit 23 communicates with the air outlet 41 and the air inlet 40. The liquid cooling unit 23 is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plates in the at least one battery pack 25.

[0243] When the charge / discharge rate of the battery pack 25 changes, different numbers of liquid cooling units 23 can be configured to flexibly adapt to the heat dissipation requirements under different charge / discharge rates. The liquid cooling units 23 are mounted on the door 47, which reduces the volume of the energy storage box 20, increases its floor space density, and facilitates miniaturization and integration. The door 47 is equipped with an air inlet 40 and an air outlet 41, allowing air to enter the box 21 and exchange heat with the liquid cooling units 23. The heated air can then exit through the air outlet 41. The air outlet 41 is positioned higher than the air inlet 40, minimizing contact between hot air and the battery pack 25 and thus reducing its temperature impact, ensuring the effective heat dissipation of the liquid cooling units 23.

[0244] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit them; although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A distributed liquid-cooled energy storage tank, characterized in that, include: The enclosure includes side walls and a top wall and a bottom wall arranged opposite to each other. The top wall is provided with an air outlet, and the side walls are provided with air inlets. At least one energy storage module is disposed within the housing, and the energy storage module includes at least one battery pack stacked together. At least one liquid cooling unit is disposed between the energy storage module and the top wall, the liquid cooling unit is connected to the air outlet and the air inlet, and the liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plate in the at least one battery pack.

2. The energy storage box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The at least one energy storage module includes a plurality of first energy storage modules arranged along the length of the housing, and the at least one liquid cooling unit includes a plurality of first liquid cooling units arranged along the length.

3. The energy storage box according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sidewall includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall that are arranged opposite to each other along the width direction of the energy storage box. The air inlet includes a first air inlet and a second air inlet. The first sidewall is provided with the first air inlet, and the second sidewall is provided with the second air inlet. The liquid cooling unit is located between the first air inlet and the second air inlet.

4. The energy storage box according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first liquid cooling unit includes a refrigeration unit, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a fan; The refrigeration unit is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack. The refrigeration unit is used to regulate the temperature of the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack through the compressor, condenser and evaporator in the refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is located at the first air inlet. The first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are spaced apart along the width direction of the housing. The first heat exchanger is set at an angle to the top wall, and the second heat exchanger is set at an angle to the top wall. The air inlet surface of the first heat exchanger is connected to the first air inlet, and the air inlet surface of the second heat exchanger is connected to the second air inlet. The fan is located at the air outlet, and the air inlet of the fan is connected to the air outlet surface of the first heat exchanger and the air outlet surface of the second heat exchanger, respectively.

5. The energy storage box according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The side wall is provided with a first air inlet, and the top wall is provided with an air outlet and a second air inlet. Compared with the air outlet, the second air inlet is closer to the liquid cooling unit.

6. The energy storage box according to claim 5, characterized in that, The liquid cooling unit includes a refrigeration unit, a heat exchanger, and a fan; The refrigeration unit is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack. The refrigeration unit is used to regulate the temperature of the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack through the compressor, condenser and evaporator in the refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is located at the first air inlet. The heat exchanger and the refrigeration unit are spaced apart along the width direction. The heat exchanger is set at an angle to the top wall. The air inlet surface of the heat exchanger is connected to the first air inlet and the second air inlet, respectively. The fan is located at the air outlet, and the air inlet of the fan is connected to the air outlet surface of the heat exchanger.

7. The energy storage box according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, The at least one energy storage module includes a plurality of second energy storage modules arranged along the width direction of the housing, and the at least one liquid cooling unit includes a plurality of second liquid cooling units arranged along the width direction.

8. The energy storage box according to claim 7, characterized in that, The refrigeration unit is connected to the liquid cooling plate of the battery pack via liquid cooling pipelines. The liquid cooling pipelines include a main pipeline and at least one distribution pipeline. Each distribution pipeline is connected to each battery pack in a second energy storage module. Each distribution pipeline is also connected to the main pipeline. The liquid cooling unit is connected to the main pipeline and is used to supply coolant to the main pipeline.

9. The energy storage box according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first air inlet includes a first sub-air inlet and a second sub-air inlet. A first box door and the first sub-air inlet are provided on the first side wall. The first sub-air inlet is located above the first box door. A second box door and the second sub-air inlet are provided on the second side wall. The second sub-air inlet is located above the second box door. The at least one energy storage module includes two rows of second energy storage modules arranged along the width direction, wherein the liquid distribution pipeline is provided between one row of second energy storage modules and the first box door, and the liquid distribution pipeline is provided between the other row of second energy storage modules and the second box door.

10. The energy storage box according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The energy storage box includes an explosion relief plate, a partition is provided between the top wall and the energy storage module, the partition has an explosion relief port, the explosion relief plate covers the explosion relief port, and the explosion relief plate is connected to the partition.

11. The energy storage box according to claim 10, characterized in that, The explosion relief plate opens when the pressure on the surface of the explosion relief plate facing the energy storage module is greater than the pressure on the surface of the explosion relief plate facing the top wall.

12. The energy storage box according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, An opening is provided in the side wall between the top wall and the partition; The opening is disposed within the blade, the blade is rotatably connected to the sidewall, the axis of rotation of the blade is parallel to the surface of the sidewall, and the blade is used to close the opening; The blade includes a first surface and a second surface. The first surface faces the interior of the energy storage tank, and the second surface faces the exterior of the energy storage tank. When the pressure on the first surface is greater than the pressure on the second surface, there is an angle between the blade and the sidewall.

13. A distributed liquid-cooled energy storage tank, characterized in that, include: The enclosure includes side walls and a top wall and a bottom wall arranged opposite to each other. The top wall is provided with an air outlet, and the side walls are provided with air inlets. At least one energy storage module is disposed inside the housing, and the energy storage module includes at least one battery pack stacked together. At least one liquid cooling unit is disposed between the energy storage module and the side wall, the liquid cooling unit is connected to the air outlet and the air inlet, and the liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plate in the at least one battery pack.

14. A distributed liquid-cooled energy storage tank, characterized in that, include: The enclosure includes side walls and a top wall and a bottom wall that are arranged opposite to each other. A door is provided on the side walls. An air inlet and an air outlet are provided on the door. The air outlet is positioned higher than the air inlet. At least one energy storage module is disposed inside the housing, and the energy storage module includes at least one battery pack stacked together. At least one liquid cooling unit is provided on the door of the enclosure. The liquid cooling unit is connected to the air outlet and the air inlet. The liquid cooling unit is used to supply coolant to the liquid cooling plate in the at least one battery pack.

15. An energy storage system, characterized in that, The invention includes a plurality of energy storage boxes as described in any one of claims 1-14, which are spaced apart. The plurality of energy storage boxes are spaced apart along the length direction of the box body and along the width direction of the box body. In the width direction of the box body, the second sidewalls of two adjacent energy storage boxes are arranged opposite to each other.

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