Steering drive axle, self-propelled work machine, and vehicle

Abstract

The utility model discloses a steering drive axle, self-propelled operation machinery and vehicle, the steering drive axle includes: half axle and hub reduction gear, the hub reduction gear is planetary gear reduction gear, the planetary gear reduction gear includes sun gear shaft, planet carrier and outer gear ring, and the sun gear shaft is connected with the planet carrier. The sun gear shaft is in transmission connection with the half shaft through a first universal coupling, the planet carrier is fixedly connected with the hub, and the outer gear ring is fixedly connected with the steering knuckle shell; a second bearing inner ring fixing device is arranged on the sun gear shaft, and a second bearing outer ring fixing device is arranged on the planet carrier; the second bearing inner ring fixing device comprises a shaft shoulder and a limiting structure; and the second bearing outer ring fixing device comprises a positioning spigot and a bearing gland. Compared with a hole check ring structure, the steering drive axle has the advantages that the second bearing mounting hole of the planet carrier does not need to be provided with a groove, and the steering drive axle is high in overall strength, convenient to machine, high in use reliability, convenient to disassemble and assemble and good in maintainability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of steering drive axle technology, and also to self-propelled operating machinery such as tractors and agricultural machinery using this drive axle, as well as vehicles such as agricultural vehicles, engineering vehicles, and transport vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] The steering drive axle is located at the end of the power transmission system of self-propelled machinery (including tractors, agricultural machinery, etc.) or vehicles (including agricultural vehicles, engineering vehicles, transport vehicles, etc.). Its basic functions are: to transmit the torque output by the engine to the wheel-side reducer through the main reducer, differential, half shaft, etc., thereby driving the wheels, achieving speed reduction and torque increase, and to steer the self-propelled machinery or vehicle through the steering mechanism; to change the direction of torque transmission through the bevel gear pair of the main reducer; to achieve differential speed action of the two wheels through the differential, ensuring that the inner and outer wheels steer at different speeds; and to achieve load bearing and torque transmission through the axle housing and wheels.

[0003] Planetary reduction gears have a large speed ratio, compact structure, and high transmission torque, and are often used as wheel-side reducers. However, because the sun gear shaft of a planetary reduction gear is not fixed axially, when the steering knuckle housing swings, it will cause the sun gear shaft to be pulled axially, thereby increasing the wear of the seal between the sun gear shaft and the steering knuckle housing, resulting in oil leakage. This can cause pollution to paddy fields, especially during paddy field operations.

[0004] Chinese utility model patent CN217944802U discloses a transmission and sealing structure for a steering drive axle. The sun gear shaft and the universal joint short fork are connected via internal and external splines, improving the operating conditions of the oil seal. The sealing motion of the oil seal and sun gear shaft changes from reciprocating pull-rotation to rotation only, improving the durability and service life of the sealing ring. However, to fix the bearing outer ring with two retaining rings, two grooves must be machined on the mounting holes of the planetary gear carrier. The distance between the grooves is exactly the width of the bearing outer ring. For the groove structure, precision is difficult to guarantee, resulting in poor reliability. Moreover, machining the grooves reduces the strength of the planetary gear carrier, making disassembly and assembly inconvenient. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a steering drive axle to improve the reliability of the axial fixation of the sun gear shaft and the convenience of disassembly and assembly. With the same concept, this utility model also provides a self-propelled operating machine and vehicle.

[0006] To solve the first technical problem mentioned above, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0007] A steering drive axle includes: a half-shaft housing, a steering knuckle housing, and a wheel hub. The steering knuckle housing is rotatably mounted to the half-shaft housing via an upper kingpin and a lower kingpin. The wheel hub is rotatably mounted to the steering knuckle housing. The axle also includes a half-shaft and a wheel-side reducer. The half-shaft is mounted within the half-shaft housing. The wheel-side reducer is a planetary gear reducer, comprising a sun gear shaft, a planetary gear carrier, and an external gear ring. The sun gear shaft is rotatably mounted in a first bearing mounting hole of the steering knuckle housing via a first bearing and in a second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier via a second bearing. A sealing ring is provided between the sun gear shaft and the steering knuckle housing. The sun gear shaft is drively connected to the half-shaft via a first universal coupling. The planetary gear carrier is connected to the half-shaft housing via a first universal coupling. The hub is fixedly connected, and the external gear ring is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle housing; a second bearing inner ring fixing device is provided on the sun gear shaft, and a second bearing outer ring fixing device is provided on the planetary gear carrier; the second bearing inner ring fixing device includes a shoulder and a limiting structure, the shoulder is provided on the sun gear shaft and abuts against the inner side of the second bearing inner ring, and the limiting structure is provided at the end of the sun gear shaft and abuts against the outer side of the second bearing inner ring; the second bearing outer ring fixing device includes a positioning stop and a bearing cap, the positioning stop is provided in the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier, the inner side of the second bearing outer ring abuts against the positioning stop, and the bearing cap is fixedly connected to the outer side of the planetary gear carrier and abuts against the outer side of the second bearing outer ring.

[0008] The limiting structure is a retaining ring or a nut.

[0009] The first bearing is a needle roller bearing, and the second bearing is a ball bearing or a roller bearing.

[0010] The first universal joint is a cross-shaft universal joint coupling, which includes a first universal joint fork, a second universal joint fork, and a cross shaft. The first universal joint fork is keyed to the power input shaft of the wheel-side reducer, and the second universal joint fork is integrally formed or fixedly connected to the half shaft.

[0011] The steering knuckle housing is rotatably mounted to the half-shaft housing via an upper kingpin and a lower kingpin.

[0012] The steering knuckle housing includes a half-shaft housing mounting part and a support shaft, and the half-shaft housing mounting part and the support shaft are detachably and fixedly connected.

[0013] As a concept, in order to solve the second technical problem mentioned above, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a self-propelled operating machine that uses the steering drive axle.

[0014] As a concept, in order to solve the third technical problem mentioned above, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is: a vehicle that uses the steering drive axle.

[0015] After adopting the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0016] The steering drive axle disclosed in this utility model uses a planetary gear reducer for the wheel-side reducer. A second bearing inner ring fixing device is provided on the sun gear shaft, and a second bearing outer ring fixing device is provided on the planetary gear carrier. The second bearing inner ring fixing device includes a shoulder and a limiting structure. The shoulder is located on the sun gear shaft and abuts against the inner side of the second bearing inner ring. The limiting structure is located at the end of the sun gear shaft and abuts against the outer side of the second bearing inner ring. The second bearing outer ring fixing device includes a positioning stop and a bearing cap. The positioning stop is located in the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier, and the inner side of the second bearing outer ring abuts against the positioning stop. The bearing cap is fixedly connected to the outer side of the planetary gear carrier and abuts against the outer side of the second bearing outer ring. Compared to a retaining ring structure for holes, the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier does not need to be grooved, resulting in high overall strength, ease of processing, and significantly improved reliability. Furthermore, only the bearing cap needs to be disassembled, making disassembly and assembly convenient and maintenance easy. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a longitudinal sectional view of Embodiment 1 of the steering drive axle of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 is shown;

[0019] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The longitudinal sectional view of the half-shaft housing in Embodiment 1 is shown;

[0020] In the picture:

[0021] 11. Sun gear shaft; 12. Planetary gear carrier; 13. External gear ring; 14. First bearing; 15. Second bearing; 16. Locating stop; 17. Bearing cap; 18. Retaining ring; 19. Sealing ring; 21. Hub; 31. Steering knuckle housing; 31A. Half-shaft housing mounting part; 31B. Support shaft; 32. Upper kingpin; 33. Lower kingpin; 34. Stop block; 41. First universal joint fork; 42. Second universal joint fork ; 43. Cross shaft; 51. Outer half shaft; 52. Second universal coupling; 53. Inner half shaft; 6. Half shaft housing; 61. Housing body; 611. Upper kingpin mounting hole; 612. Lower kingpin mounting hole; 613. Differential housing mounting hole; 62. Bearing seat; 63. Set screw; 64. Mounting cover; 65. Limiting block; 66. Oil plug; 71. Central axle housing; 81. Differential housing; 82. Half shaft gear. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a steering drive axle has a central axle housing 71 fixedly connected to a half-shaft housing 6. A steering knuckle housing 31 is rotatably mounted to the half-shaft housing 6 via an upper kingpin 32 and a lower kingpin 33. A wheel hub 21 is rotatably mounted to the steering knuckle housing 31. For ease of manufacturing, the steering knuckle housing 31 can be manufactured separately, including a half-shaft housing mounting part 31A and a support shaft 31B. The half-shaft housing mounting part 31A is rotatably connected to the half-shaft housing 6, and the support shaft 31B is rotatably connected to the wheel hub 21. These two parts are detachably and fixedly connected together by bolts.

[0025] The main reducer and differential are installed in the central axle housing 71, the half shaft is installed in the half shaft housing 6, and the wheel-side reducer is connected between the half shaft and the wheel hub 21. The main reducer, differential, half shaft and wheel-side reducer are used to transmit power to the wheels.

[0026] The half-shaft includes an inner half-shaft 53 and an outer half-shaft 51. The inner half-shaft 53 is rotatably mounted on the differential housing 81 of the differential via bearings and is driven by the half-shaft gear 82 of the differential. The outer half-shaft 51 is rotatably mounted on the half-shaft housing 6 and is driven by the power input shaft of the wheel-side reducer via a first universal coupling. The inner half-shaft 53 is driven by the outer half-shaft 51 via a second universal coupling 52. The rotation centers of the inner half-shaft 53 and the outer half-shaft 51 are staggered vertically, and the height difference between them is denoted as H. The steering drive axle disclosed in this embodiment can increase the ground clearance H of the drive axle without increasing the wheel diameter, with fewer added parts, and can improve the passability of vehicles or operating machinery at a lower cost.

[0027] In this embodiment, the second universal joint 52 can be a cross-type universal joint coupling or a ball cage type universal joint coupling. Using a cross-type universal joint coupling results in lower cost, while using a ball cage type universal joint coupling enables constant speed power transmission.

[0028] In this embodiment, the first universal joint is a cross-shaft universal joint coupling, which includes a first universal joint fork 41, a second universal joint fork 42 and a cross shaft 43. The first universal joint fork 41 is keyed to the power input shaft of the wheel-side reducer, and the second universal joint fork 42 is integrally formed or fixedly connected to the outer half shaft 51.

[0029] In this embodiment, the wheel-side reducer is a planetary gear reducer. The planetary gear reducer includes a sun gear shaft 11, a planetary gear carrier 12, and an external gear ring 13. The sun gear shaft 11 is rotatably mounted in the first bearing mounting hole of the steering knuckle housing 31 via a first bearing 14, and rotatably mounted in the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier 12 via a second bearing 15. A sealing ring 19 is provided between the sun gear shaft 11 and the steering knuckle housing 31. The sun gear shaft 11 is the power input shaft. The planetary gear carrier 12 is fixedly connected to the wheel hub 21, and the external gear ring 13 is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle housing 31. The first bearing 14 is preferably a needle roller bearing, and the second bearing 15 is preferably a ball bearing or a roller bearing. The wheel-side reducer uses a planetary gear reducer, which has a large speed ratio, compact structure, and large transmission torque. When used in combination with the above-mentioned structure that divides the half-shaft into an inner half-shaft 53 and an outer half-shaft 51 and connects them through a second universal coupling 52, it can further increase ground clearance and improve the passability of operating machinery or vehicles.

[0030] A second bearing inner ring fixing device is provided on the sun gear shaft 11, and a second bearing outer ring fixing device is provided on the planetary gear carrier 12. The second bearing inner ring fixing device includes a shoulder and a retaining ring 18. The shoulder is located on the sun gear shaft 11 and abuts against the inner side of the inner ring of the second bearing 15. The retaining ring 18 is located at the end of the sun gear shaft and abuts against the outer side of the inner ring of the second bearing. The second bearing outer ring fixing device includes a locating stop 16 and a bearing cap 17. The locating stop 16 is located in the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier 12, and the inner side of the outer ring of the second bearing 15 abuts against the locating stop 16. The bearing cap 17 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the planetary gear carrier 12 and abuts against the outer side of the outer ring of the second bearing 15. The retaining ring 18 can also be replaced by a nut or other limiting structure.

[0031] The sun gear shaft 11 can be axially fixed in both directions through the second bearing inner ring fixing device and the second bearing outer ring fixing device. The first universal joint fork 41 is keyed to the sun gear shaft 11. When the drive axle rotates, the sun gear shaft 11 only rotates and does not pull, resulting in less wear on the sealing ring 19 and thus a good sealing effect. Moreover, the second bearing outer ring fixing device adopts the structure of positioning stop 16 and bearing cover 17. Compared with the hole retaining ring structure, the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier 12 does not need to be grooved, resulting in high overall strength and ease of processing.

[0032] The above structure also simplifies the assembly and disassembly of the sun gear shaft 11. When installing the sun gear shaft 11, first install the first bearing 14 and the sealing ring 19 to the designated positions on the steering knuckle housing 31. Then, install the second bearing 15 onto the sun gear shaft 11 and secure it with the retaining ring 18. Next, install the second bearing 15 into the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier 12, with the inner side of the outer ring of the second bearing 15 abutting against the locating stop 16. Then, fix the bearing cap 17 to the outside of the planetary gear carrier 12, pressing it against the outer side of the outer ring of the second bearing 15. Then, pass the sun gear shaft 11 through the sealing ring 19 and the first bearing 14 and connect it to the first universal joint fork 41 via a sliding key. Finally, fix the planetary gear carrier 12 to the hub 21. The installation is simple and convenient. When replacing the sealing ring 19 or performing maintenance on the first bearing 14 or the second bearing 15, disassemble in the opposite direction. Fewer parts need to be disassembled, resulting in good maintainability.

[0033] Figure 3 The longitudinal cross-sectional view of the half-shaft housing 6 is shown in detail.

[0034] like Figure 3 and Figure 1 As shown, the half-shaft housing 6 includes a housing body 61, which comprises a steering knuckle housing mounting portion, a cavity portion, and a differential housing mounting portion. The steering knuckle housing mounting portion and the differential housing mounting portion are located on opposite sides of the cavity portion. The steering knuckle housing mounting portion has an upper kingpin mounting hole 611 and a lower kingpin mounting hole 612, and the differential housing mounting portion has a differential housing mounting hole 613. An outer half-shaft mounting portion is provided between the steering knuckle housing mounting portion and the cavity portion. The outer half-shaft mounting portion has an outer half-shaft mounting hole, and the centers of the outer half-shaft mounting hole and the differential housing mounting hole are staggered vertically, with a height difference of H between them.

[0035] The upper side of the cavity is inclined, and the lower side is flat. The cross-section of the cavity can be designed as circular, elliptical, or prismatic, etc., as needed.

[0036] A bearing housing 62 is provided in the mounting hole of the outer half-shaft, and a set screw 63 is provided in the mounting part of the outer half-shaft for fixing the bearing housing 62. The outer half-shaft 51 passes through and is rotatably mounted in the mounting hole of the bearing housing 62 via the bearing, and the differential housing 81 is rotatably mounted in the differential housing mounting hole 613 via the bearing. The housing body 61 is also provided with an oil plug 66.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the cavity portion has an installation port, and the installation port is equipped with an installation port cover 64. Opening the installation port cover 64 facilitates the installation and disassembly of the second universal coupling 52. The housing body 61 is provided with a limiting block 65, and the steering knuckle housing 31 is provided with a stop block 34. When the stop block 34 touches the limiting block 65, it can limit the swing angle of the steering knuckle housing 31.

[0038] Example 2

[0039] A self-propelled operating machine, including tractors, agricultural operating machinery, etc., adopts the steering drive axle disclosed in Example 1.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A vehicle, including agricultural vehicles, engineering vehicles, transport vehicles, etc., adopts the steering drive axle disclosed in Example 1.

[0042] This utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. All improvements made based on the concept, principle, structure and method of this utility model shall fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A steering drive axle, comprising: The components include a half-shaft housing, a steering knuckle housing, and a wheel hub, wherein the steering knuckle housing is rotatably mounted on the half-shaft housing, and the wheel hub is rotatably mounted on the steering knuckle housing. A half-shaft and a wheel-side reducer are disclosed. The half-shaft is installed within a half-shaft housing. The wheel-side reducer is a planetary gear reducer, comprising a sun gear shaft, a planetary gear carrier, and an external gear ring. The sun gear shaft is rotatably mounted in a first bearing mounting hole of the steering knuckle housing via a first bearing, and rotatably mounted in a second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier via a second bearing. A sealing ring is provided between the sun gear shaft and the steering knuckle housing. The sun gear shaft is drively connected to the half-shaft via a first universal coupling. The planetary gear carrier is fixedly connected to the wheel hub, and the external gear ring is fixedly connected to the steering knuckle housing. A second bearing inner ring fixing device is provided on the sun gear shaft, and a second bearing outer ring fixing device is provided on the planetary gear carrier. The invention is characterized in that... The second bearing inner ring fixing device includes a shoulder and a limiting structure. The shoulder is disposed on the sun gear shaft and abuts against the inner side of the inner ring of the second bearing. The limiting structure is disposed at the end of the sun gear shaft and abuts against the outer side of the inner ring of the second bearing. The second bearing outer ring fixing device includes a positioning stop and a bearing cover. The positioning stop is disposed in the second bearing mounting hole of the planetary gear carrier. The inner side of the outer ring of the second bearing abuts against the positioning stop. The bearing cover is fixedly connected to the outer side of the planetary gear carrier and abuts against the outer side of the outer ring of the second bearing.

2. The steering drive axle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting structure is a retaining ring or a nut.

3. The steering drive axle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first bearing is a needle roller bearing, and the second bearing is a ball bearing or a roller bearing.

4. The steering drive axle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first universal joint is a cross-shaft universal joint coupling, which includes a first universal joint fork, a second universal joint fork, and a cross shaft. The first universal joint fork is keyed to the power input shaft of the wheel-side reducer, and the second universal joint fork is integrally formed or fixedly connected to the half shaft.

5. The steering drive axle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steering knuckle housing includes a half-shaft housing mounting part and a support shaft, and the half-shaft housing mounting part and the support shaft are detachably and fixedly connected.

6. The steering drive axle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The steering knuckle housing is rotatably mounted to the half-shaft housing via an upper kingpin and a lower kingpin.

7. A self-propelled operating machine, characterized in that, Includes the steering drive axle as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the steering drive axle as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

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