Photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling device with paper folding bionic configuration

Abstract

The utility model provides a photovoltaic photo-thermal coupling device with a paper folding bionic configuration, which comprises a semitransparent photovoltaic cell layer, a paper folding bionic support frame and a control and feedback system, and is characterized in that the paper folding bionic support frame is of a paper folding structure and adjusts the amount of light reaching a photo-thermal reflector through folding and unfolding; the adjusting driving unit is connected with the paper folding bionic supporting frame and used for driving the paper folding bionic supporting frame to be folded or unfolded. The photo-thermal reflecting mirror is positioned below the transparent photovoltaic cell layer and is used for focusing the long-wavelength light to the photo-thermal heat collector; the control and feedback system is connected with the adjusting driving unit and used for adjusting photovoltaic and photo-thermal energy distribution in real time. According to the utility model, the transparency of the photovoltaic layer is adjusted through the paper folding bionic structure, and the unfolding state of the photovoltaic layer can be automatically adjusted according to the external illumination intensity, so as to optimize the energy distribution between photovoltaic and photo-thermal; the control and feedback system can adjust the proportion of photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation according to environmental changes, and high-efficiency operation of the system is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation equipment technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic and solar thermal coupling device with an origami-inspired bionic configuration. Background Technology

[0002] Photovoltaic (PV) and concentrated solar power (CSP) power generation each possess independent advantages, but traditional PV and CSP systems often cannot be efficiently integrated, leading to wasted land resources, redundant investment, and low energy utilization efficiency. In recent years, PV-CSP synergistic power generation systems have gradually attracted attention, aiming to achieve efficient, full-spectrum utilization of solar energy through structural integration and spectral separation.

[0003] Existing photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal systems typically use fixed, semi-transparent PV modules whose transmittance is difficult to dynamically adjust according to lighting conditions. This results in poor system adaptability, limiting overall system efficiency and intelligence. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a PV-solar thermal power generation system with flexible adjustment capabilities and the ability to intelligently dispatch energy according to environmental changes. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic structure. It combines a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer with a photothermal reflector and utilizes an adjustment mechanism based on the origami-inspired structure to dynamically regulate light transmittance. This system can automatically adjust the energy distribution between photovoltaic and photothermal components according to ambient light intensity, temperature, and other factors, thereby improving the overall efficiency and adaptability of the system.

[0005] According to the purpose of this utility model, this utility model provides a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with a paper-origination biomimetic structure, including a biomimetic folded photovoltaic layer, an adjustment drive unit, a photothermal reflector, a photothermal collector, and a control and feedback system. The biomimetic folded photovoltaic layer adjusts the amount of light reaching the photothermal reflector by folding and unfolding. The adjustment drive unit is connected to the biomimetic folded photovoltaic layer and is used to drive the biomimetic folded photovoltaic layer to fold or unfold. The photothermal reflector is located below the biomimetic folded photovoltaic layer and is used to focus long-wavelength light onto the photothermal collector. The control and feedback system is connected to the adjustment drive unit and adjusts the energy distribution between photovoltaic and photothermal components in real time.

[0006] Furthermore, the biomimetic folding photovoltaic layer includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and an origami-inspired biomimetic support frame, wherein the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer is connected to the origami-inspired biomimetic support frame.

[0007] Furthermore, the adjustment drive unit is connected to the origami bionic support frame and is used to drive the origami bionic support frame to fold or unfold.

[0008] Furthermore, the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer is made of flexible perovskite photovoltaic cells, CIGS, or amorphous silicon materials, and has a light transmittance of more than 20%.

[0009] Furthermore, the origami-inspired support frame is made of polyimide, PEN, or sheet metal.

[0010] Furthermore, the adjustment drive unit includes a stepper motor, shape memory alloy, or thermally responsive material, which can automatically adjust the unfolding state of the photovoltaic layer according to ambient light and temperature.

[0011] Furthermore, the adjustment drive unit includes both active and passive adjustment modes.

[0012] Furthermore, the active adjustment method includes a stepper motor crank-slider structure, a shape memory alloy driving method, and an electroactive polymer driving method.

[0013] Furthermore, the passive regulation method includes a thermo-responsive material-driven method and a photo-responsive polymer-driven method.

[0014] Furthermore, the origami-inspired support frame adopts one of the following: Miura origami structure, leaf rotation structure, serpentine folding structure, modular storage structure, or tower-style stacked structure.

[0015] The technical solution of this utility model adjusts the transparency of the photovoltaic layer through a paper-mimetic structure, which can automatically adjust the unfolding state of the photovoltaic layer according to the external light intensity to optimize the energy distribution between photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation; the control and feedback system can adjust the ratio of photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation according to environmental changes to ensure efficient system operation. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, the origami-inspired support frame, and the photothermal reflector in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0018] Figure 2 This is another cross-sectional view of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, the origami-inspired support frame, and the photothermal reflector of this utility model embodiment;

[0019] Figure 3This is a cross-sectional view of the third structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, the origami-inspired support frame, and the photothermal reflector in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the fourth structure of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, the origami-inspired support frame, and the photothermal reflector in this embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and the origami-inspired bionic support frame according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 This is another cross-sectional view of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and the origami-inspired bionic support frame of this utility model embodiment;

[0023] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of an origami structure comprising a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and an origami-inspired bionic support frame, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another origami structure for the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and the origami-inspired bionic support frame, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0025] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the photovoltaic module control gap in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0026] In the image: 1. Semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer; 2. Origami bionic support frame; 3. Photothermal reflector. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solution of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

[0029] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this utility model, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. Furthermore, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] like Figures 1-9 As shown:

[0032] A photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1, an origami-inspired support frame 2, an adjustment and drive unit, a photothermal reflector 3, a photothermal collector, and a control and feedback system, wherein:

[0033] A semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 is connected to an origami-inspired support frame 2. The origami-inspired support frame 2 is an origami structure, such as the Miura origami structure, which can adjust the light transmittance of the photovoltaic layer by folding and unfolding. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 is made of flexible perovskite photovoltaic cells, CIGS, or amorphous silicon materials and has a light transmittance of >20% for photovoltaic power generation.

[0034] The origami-inspired support frame 2 is made of polyimide, PEN, or sheet metal (such as aluminum foil) and features a flexible support structure capable of withstanding loads during folding and unfolding. The unfolding / retraction of the origami-inspired support frame is driven by an adjustment drive unit, such as a stepper motor or SMA, enabling modular integration and high-precision adjustment.

[0035] The adjustment drive unit uses a stepper motor, shape memory alloy (SMA), or thermally responsive material to automatically adjust the unfolding state of the photovoltaic layer according to ambient light and temperature.

[0036] The photothermal reflector 3 is located below the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 and the origami-inspired bionic support frame 2. The photothermal reflector 3 is a parabolic reflector with a highly reflective aluminum alloy mirror or a silver-coated glass mirror. The photothermal reflector is used to reflect long-wavelength light above 750nm and focus it onto the photothermal collector.

[0037] The solar thermal reflector 3 is connected to the collector via a trough or tower concentrating system. The solar thermal collector is a tubular heat transfer oil receiver or a molten salt receiver, used to absorb the long-wavelength light reflected by the solar thermal reflector and convert it into heat energy. The solar thermal collector absorbs heat through the tubular heat transfer oil or molten salt receiver and converts the heat energy into electrical energy through a thermoelectric conversion device.

[0038] The control and feedback system includes a light sensor, a temperature sensor, an electric actuator, and a photovoltaic cell monitoring circuit. Based on signals such as light intensity, temperature, and load, it adjusts the energy distribution between photovoltaic and solar thermal energy in real time. The control and feedback system also features AI-based solar radiation intensity prediction and intelligent scheduling capabilities.

[0039] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0040] Short-wavelength light is absorbed by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, while long-wavelength light passes through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 and is reflected by the photothermal reflector 3 to the photothermal collector, which is used for photovoltaic power generation and photothermal power generation, respectively.

[0041] By adjusting the origami structure of the origami-inspired support frame 2, the light transmittance of the photovoltaic layer is changed, thereby achieving energy distribution control between photovoltaics and photothermal energy.

[0042] The transparency of the photovoltaic layer in this invention automatically adjusts according to the intensity of external light. Under strong light, the gaps are increased to enhance solar thermal power generation; under weak light, the photovoltaic layer contracts to increase photovoltaic power generation. This system can be flexibly arranged and adjusted according to different environmental needs, adapting to various scenarios, including complex environments such as deserts, plateaus, and rooftop platforms.

[0043] This invention significantly improves the efficiency and adaptability of solar power generation through its synergistic photovoltaic and solar thermal power generation, dynamic adjustment of spectral distribution, intelligent energy distribution, and flexible structural adjustment mechanism, and has broad application potential in various application scenarios.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] This embodiment is basically the same in structure as Embodiment 1, except that the photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with a paper-folding biomimetic configuration in this embodiment has a more refined structure, which includes:

[0046] A semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 is set above the photothermal reflector. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 is connected to the origami-inspired support frame 2. Through the origami-inspired structure design of the origami-inspired support frame 2, the shape and configuration of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 can be dynamically adjusted through mechanical or material response, thereby achieving the control of its overall light transmittance.

[0047] The adjustable light-transmitting structure, consisting of a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 and an origami-inspired bionic support frame 2, can actively change the light flux entering the photothermal reflector according to different needs of solar irradiance intensity, angle, or operating strategy, thereby achieving optimized management of the system's light energy distribution.

[0048] During system operation, incident sunlight first passes through the upper semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer. This layer has a strong absorption capacity for short-wavelength light (such as ultraviolet and visible light), which can be converted into electrical energy for photovoltaic power generation. However, it maintains high transmittance for long-wavelength light (mainly near-infrared and part of the mid-infrared range), allowing it to pass through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and then be directed towards the lower photothermal reflector. The photothermal reflector reflects and focuses the long-wavelength light onto the subsequent photothermal collector, which drives the photothermal power generation process. Through this band-specific and energy-guiding strategy, efficient spectral separation and multi-energy synergistic utilization are achieved.

[0049] Furthermore, the adjustable light-transmitting structure of the origami structure in this embodiment not only enhances the system's adaptability to changes in the external environment but also allows for intelligent adjustment under different operating scenarios. For example, it can increase light transmittance to enhance photothermal output under low light conditions and increase absorption to strengthen photovoltaic power generation efficiency under high light intensity, thereby maximizing the overall energy efficiency and power generation revenue of the system. This structure also possesses good flexibility and scalability, making it suitable for various photovoltaic thermal system forms such as trough and tower systems, and has broad engineering application prospects.

[0050] The specific structure of the origami-inspired photovoltaic photothermal coupling device in this embodiment is described below:

[0051] The origami-inspired photovoltaic-thermal coupling device in this embodiment includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, an origami-inspired support frame, an adjustment drive unit, a photothermal reflector, a photothermal collector, and a control and feedback system. The connection relationships of each component are as follows:

[0052] A semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer 1 is mounted on an origami-inspired support frame 2, and the origami-inspired support frame 2 is mechanically connected to the adjustment drive unit;

[0053] The origami-inspired support frame 2 is fixed above the photothermal reflector 3, suspending and covering the entire surface of the photothermal reflector;

[0054] The photothermal reflector 3 is connected to the photothermal collector, and the light reflected by the photothermal reflector is focused onto the photothermal collector.

[0055] The control and feedback system includes a light sensor, a temperature sensor, an electric actuator, and a photovoltaic cell monitoring circuit. Through the cooperation of the light sensor, the electric actuator, the photovoltaic cell monitoring circuit, and the temperature sensor, the control and feedback system achieves dynamic adjustment and energy efficiency optimization of the system.

[0056] Specifically, the specific structure of each component is described below:

[0057] 1. For the topmost semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, flexible perovskite photovoltaic cells or semi-transparent cells based on CIGS or amorphous silicon are used; it has a transmittance of >20% for light waves above 750nm, while also having good absorption capacity for visible light; the thickness is 200-800nm, ensuring photovoltaic efficiency while taking into account light transmission performance.

[0058] 2. The origami-inspired support frame is connected to the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer. Its materials include polyimide, PEN, or thin metal sheets (such as aluminum foil) + elastic brackets. The origami-inspired support structure is designed to mimic the "mountain-valley fold" structure of origami, which can realize layered folding and unfolding. By adjusting the folding angle through deformation, the spacing and overlap rate between photovoltaic units can be controlled, thereby dynamically adjusting the overall light transmittance.

[0059] The origami-inspired support frame can also utilize other paper structures, such as the Miura folding structure, leaf rotation structure, serpentine folding structure, modular storage structure, and tower-style stacked structure. A comparison of the characteristics of various structures is shown in Table 1.

[0060] Table 1 Comparison of the Adjustment Suitability of Various Origami Structures

[0061]

[0062] For Option 1: Miura Folding Structure

[0063] Structural principle: It originates from the "Miura-ori" pattern of traditional origami and has a single degree of freedom of unfolding property; the flexible photovoltaic module with a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer is attached to the triangular surface of the fold, forming a continuous plane when unfolded, and the structure wrinkles when folded, forming a controllable gap;

[0064] It can be quickly unfolded / folded with strong stability; the folding ratio and angle can precisely control the light transmittance.

[0065] The drive method involves controlling a pull wire or slide rail via a motor; the shape memory alloy wire controls the angle change.

[0066] For Option 2: Rotating blade structure (fan-shaped wings)

[0067] Structural principle: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer adopts the form of arc-shaped blades, with multiple flexible photovoltaic units arranged as arc-shaped blades, and the angle is adjusted by rotating the axis; adjacent units rotate and open to form a "fan-shaped gap" to adjust the transparency;

[0068] It features a flexible structure and aesthetically pleasing appearance; each unit can rotate independently with high precision; it can be folded for storage when not unfolded, making it suitable for structures with limited space.

[0069] The drive method is through a rotary servo motor and a precision gear set; the angle can be adjusted (e.g., 0° to 90°) by programmable control.

[0070] For Option 3: Serpentine folding structure (Z-shaped wave pattern)

[0071] Structural principle: The flexible photovoltaic modules of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer are connected by soft hinges to form an "S-shaped" fold;

[0072] When unfolded, it forms a flat surface; when folded up, it rolls up piece by piece to form a wave shape, increasing the gap size. The gap can be controlled along the length of a single piece. It is suitable for flexible thin-film photovoltaics (such as flexible perovskite). The folding ratio is adjustable, and the dimming continuity is good.

[0073] The drive method is achieved by using a winding and unwinding spool, a motor traction belt, or a linear driver; or by using a bimetallic temperature-sensitive driver to achieve sunlight-adaptive winding.

[0074] For Option 4: Modular storage structure (Venetian blind origami structure)

[0075] Structural principle: The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer uses several photovoltaic modules, which are arranged side by side like louvered blinds. Each photovoltaic module is fixed with a rotating shaft, which can be rotated at an angle. The amount of sunlight passing through is controlled by changing the ratio of shading to gaps.

[0076] It offers high precision in light transmittance adjustment (angle-based); suitable for large-area flat installation; similar to adjustable sunshade systems in buildings, and boasts a high level of maturity.

[0077] The driving method is to control the angle (such as 30°, 60°, 90°) through a miniature rotary servo motor; multi-blade synchronous control or independent adjustment of each blade.

[0078] For Option 5: Tower-style stacked structure (petal-shaped unfolding structure)

[0079] Structural principle: The photovoltaic module with semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer is arranged in a radial multi-layer pattern, like a "flowering" shape; when unfolded, the layers are pulled apart, the overlapping parts gradually become thinner, and the transparency increases; when retracted, they overlap to form a thicker photovoltaic layer that blocks most of the light.

[0080] Suitable for small mirror tower tops or the center of concentrators; suitable for point-like strong radiation areas.

[0081] The drive mechanism is to extend the photovoltaic modules by driving the central shaft; or to extend them by driving the layered ropes, which are combined with springs to restore them. The central shaft rotates to drive the ropes on each layer of photovoltaic modules to extend the photovoltaic modules. At the same time, the photovoltaic modules are connected by springs, which give each layer of photovoltaic modules a force to restore their overlap. When the central shaft rotates in the opposite direction, the photovoltaic modules return to their folded state under the action of the springs.

[0082] In this embodiment, there are various combinations of components and materials used in each component, as shown in Table 2.

[0083] Table 2 compares the various combinations of components and the materials used in their selection.

[0084]

[0085] This embodiment provides three combination schemes: each combination scheme is described below:

[0086] Combination Method 1:

[0087] Miura origami structure + stepper motor adjustment + flexible perovskite photovoltaic layer

[0088] This combination method is suitable for medium and large slotted reflectors, enabling modular plug-and-play and high control precision.

[0089] Combination Method Two:

[0090] Snake-shaped structure + SMA automatic drive + thermal response adjustment strategy

[0091] This combination method is suitable for scenarios with large temperature differences in deserts / plateaus, enabling passive adaptive adjustment.

[0092] Combination method three:

[0093] Venetian blinds with origami-like design, angle control via central control system, and AI-based adjustment based on predicted sunlight intensity.

[0094] This combination is suitable for multi-mirror array systems and has high energy efficiency scheduling capabilities.

[0095] 3. The adjustment drive unit has three forms: electric drive, passive / thermal response, and light-controlled drive.

[0096] The electric drive system uses shape memory alloy (SMA) or micro stepper motors to achieve the opening and closing of the origami structure;

[0097] The passive / thermally responsive driving method uses thermodeformable materials or liquid crystal polymers that adapt to temperature changes in deformation.

[0098] The light-controlled driving method introduces a photoresponsive polymer film that automatically expands or closes depending on the intensity of the incident light.

[0099] 4. Photothermal reflector

[0100] In this embodiment, the type of photothermal reflector is a parabolic reflector in a trough or tower-type concentrating system; its material is a high-reflectivity aluminum alloy mirror or a silver-coated glass mirror; it can reflect infrared light with a wavelength >750nm and concentrate it to the photothermal collector at the focal point.

[0101] 5. Solar thermal collector

[0102] In this embodiment, the type of photothermal collector can be a tubular heat transfer oil receiver or a molten salt receiver; it can absorb infrared photothermal energy, heat the working medium, and drive thermoelectric conversion.

[0103] When this utility model system is in use, its control method includes the following steps:

[0104] S1. Spectral separation and energy coupling:

[0105] The incident sunlight first comes into contact with the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer. Short wavelength light (such as 300-750nm) is absorbed and used for photovoltaic power generation; long wavelength light (750-2500nm) passes through the photovoltaic cell and is reflected by the photothermal reflector, and then converged into the photothermal collector to realize photothermal power generation.

[0106] S2. Transparency adjustment and energy distribution regulation:

[0107] By adjusting the degree of folding (i.e., the overlap ratio) of the origami-inspired support frame, the effective shading area of ​​the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer is controlled; when the light intensity is strong, the photovoltaic cell units are appropriately contracted to increase the gaps, improve transparency, and enhance the energy of the photothermal portion; when the light intensity is weak, the photovoltaic layer is unfolded to increase the shading rate and enhance the photovoltaic power output; the control system automatically makes decisions on adjustment strategies based on information such as light intensity, temperature, and load status.

[0108] S3, Feedback Control System:

[0109] A light sensor (to measure direct sunlight intensity and angle) and a temperature sensor (to measure the temperature of the solar thermal collector) are installed; the sensor information is fed back to the central controller to control the opening and closing state of the origami bionic support frame, thus achieving closed-loop regulation.

[0110] In the above control strategies, there are multiple ways to adjust the transparency of the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, as shown in Table 3:

[0111] Table 3 Comparison of Transparency Adjustment Methods

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] The key to this invention's ability to adjust the transparency of a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer lies in: by adjusting the shading ratio or superposition angle between the photovoltaic units in the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer, the amount of sunlight passing through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and entering the photothermal reflector is controlled, thereby achieving coordinated energy scheduling between photovoltaics and photothermal energy. Specifically:

[0115] The principle of adjusting transparency through origami-inspired support frame is that it uses an unfoldable / foldable "origami-inspired structure" to support photovoltaic modules. By changing the folding angle or the overlapping area between layers, the effective shading area, the gap between units, and the light transmittance can be controlled.

[0116] The structural forms of the origami bionic support frame include "mountain-valley fold" structure or serpentine fold structure. In the "mountain-valley fold" structure, each flexible photovoltaic unit is fixed on a section of origami module. When unfolded, the photovoltaic layer provides almost continuous shading. When folded, the units overlap, increasing the light-emitting gap. The serpentine fold structure uses flexible photovoltaic strips connected by hinges. When unfolded, it is planar, and when rolled up, it is linear, occupying only a small area.

[0117] The adjustment methods of the adjustment drive unit in this embodiment include active adjustment and passive adjustment, wherein:

[0118] For active adjustment methods, there are three types: stepper motor + crank-slider structure, shape memory alloy (SMA) drive, and electroactive polymer (EAP) drive; among them:

[0119] For method 1: stepper motor + crank-slider structure

[0120] Each flexible photovoltaic unit in the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer is connected to a slider, which is connected to a micro stepper motor via a crank. The micro stepper motor controls the slider to push each photovoltaic unit to unfold or fold, achieving continuous adjustment of the shading area. The micro stepper motor can be precisely speed-regulated via PWM, and combined with an encoder, it can accurately locate the current unfolding degree.

[0121] For method 2: Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) driving method

[0122] SMA filaments are connected to a flexible support frame for origami bionic support. After controlled heating, they deform, driving the origami structure to extend or contract. When the temperature reaches the phase transition point, the SMA undergoes recovery deformation, realizing the dynamic deployment of the photovoltaic layer. This driving method has the advantages of being lightweight, noiseless, and energy-efficient, and is suitable for applications requiring quiet operation or weight constraints. However, this method has the disadvantages of slightly slower response speed and the need for precise temperature control circuitry.

[0123] For method 3: Electroactive polymer (EAP) driven method

[0124] Photovoltaic cells are adhered to a deformable EAP film. When electricity is applied, the EAP deforms, expanding or contracting the photovoltaic layer. This method has the advantages of high flexibility and fast response, making it suitable for wearable or shape-adaptive scenarios. However, it also has the disadvantage of being sensitive to humidity and temperature and requiring sealing.

[0125] Passive regulation methods include two types: thermoresponsive material-driven and photoresponsive polymer-driven.

[0126] For method 1: thermally responsive material (such as bimetallic strip or liquid crystal elastomer) driving method

[0127] The origami-inspired bionic support frame structure is made of two materials with different coefficients of thermal expansion. When the sunlight is strong, the structure warps and automatically opens the gaps to increase light transmission; when the sunlight is weak, it automatically closes to improve shading. It requires no control system, has a moderate response speed, low cost, and is suitable for large-scale systems.

[0128] For method 2: photoresponsive polymer (photocrystalline liquid crystal) driving method

[0129] Strong light exposure causes the liquid crystal polymer chain segments to rearrange, resulting in reversible bending of the film; it is sensitive to sunlight intensity and can automatically adjust its opening and closing; however, the material's lifespan and environmental adaptability still need further optimization.

[0130] The control execution logic of the control and feedback system during operation is shown in Table 4:

[0131] Table 4 Control Execution Logic of the Control and Feedback System

[0132]

[0133] During operation, the control and feedback system sends control signals to the motor / SMA / polymer driver; the origami-inspired support frame origami structure responds, adjusting the degree of occlusion to achieve the target transparency range (e.g., 30%–80%). The controller records the impact of the adjustment results on energy output; using fuzzy control, PID regulation, or AI optimization algorithms, it continuously optimizes the transparency-efficiency function.

[0134] In this embodiment, as Figure 9 As shown, when controlling the gap between photovoltaic modules, let the length of a photovoltaic module unit be L, the unfolding angle be θ, and the gap between photovoltaic module units be d. Then the light transmittance ratio is... By adjusting the unfolding angle to θ, α can be varied between 0.2 and 0.7; the controller can deduce the corresponding driving distance or current magnitude through geometric formulas.

[0135] This utility model presents a photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic structure. The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer uses flexible encapsulation, such as ETFE film encapsulation, which is waterproof and dustproof. The origami-inspired support frame uses a carbon fiber / aluminum alloy combination, which is lightweight and corrosion-resistant. The control unit is integrated into the end of the photovoltaic bracket and is powered through a low-voltage busbar. It has an IP65 or higher protection rating, making it suitable for harsh outdoor environments.

[0136] This invention employs a structure that couples a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer with a photothermal reflector, allowing the short-wavelength portion of sunlight (mainly visible light) to be preferentially absorbed by the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer for power generation, while the long-wavelength portion (mainly near-infrared light) passes through the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and is reflected by the photothermal reflector to the photothermal collector for photothermal power generation. This achieves spectral splitting and synergistic power generation, significantly improving the overall utilization rate of the system's light energy.

[0137] This utility model's origami-inspired bionic support structure can adjust the unfolding state of photovoltaic modules based on external environmental factors such as light intensity and temperature through active (e.g., motors, SMA, etc.) or passive (e.g., thermotropic materials, phototropic materials) methods. This, in turn, changes the photovoltaic shading area and light transmittance, dynamically regulating the energy distribution between photovoltaics and photothermal energy. It achieves an intelligent energy flow scheduling strategy of "prioritizing photovoltaics in weak light and favoring photothermal energy in strong light," ensuring efficient system operation under various climatic and load conditions.

[0138] This utility model integrates photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation systems into the same structural platform. Through modular design, it can be installed in various application scenarios such as trough reflectors, tower concentrators, rooftop platforms, and the top of solar thermal devices, achieving compact system integration and flexible layout, suitable for energy deployment needs in complex environments such as deserts and plateaus.

[0139] This invention introduces various structural schemes such as "Miura folding", "serpentine curling" and "louvered flipping" that mimic origami, enabling flexible photovoltaic modules to have good unfolding / shrinking capabilities. It can dynamically control light transmittance and is foldable during transportation and maintenance, saving space, improving the convenience of module replacement and maintenance, and enhancing the practicality and reliability of the system.

[0140] This invention designs various driving and adjustment methods (such as stepper motors, shape memory alloys, electroactive polymers, thermally responsive bimetallic sheets, etc.), and combines multiple sensor signals such as light, temperature, and electrical power to construct a closed-loop feedback control system. This enables the photovoltaic module to intelligently respond and adaptively adjust its deformation, reducing the frequency of manual intervention and improving the system's automation and energy-saving level.

[0141] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with a paper-origination biomimetic structure, characterized in that, The device includes a biomimetic foldable photovoltaic layer, an adjustment drive unit, a photothermal reflector, a photothermal collector, and a control and feedback system. The biomimetic foldable photovoltaic layer adjusts the amount of light reaching the photothermal reflector by folding and unfolding. The adjustment drive unit is connected to the biomimetic foldable photovoltaic layer and is used to drive the biomimetic foldable photovoltaic layer to fold or unfold. The photothermal reflector is located below the biomimetic foldable photovoltaic layer and is used to focus long-wavelength light onto the photothermal collector. The control and feedback system is connected to the adjustment drive unit and adjusts the energy distribution between photovoltaic and photothermal components in real time.

2. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The biomimetic folding photovoltaic layer includes a semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer and an origami-inspired biomimetic support frame, wherein the semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer is connected to the origami-inspired biomimetic support frame.

3. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 2, characterized in that, The adjustment drive unit is connected to the origami bionic support frame and is used to drive the origami bionic support frame to fold or unfold.

4. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The semi-transparent photovoltaic cell layer uses flexible perovskite photovoltaic cells, CIGS, or amorphous silicon materials and has a light transmittance of more than 20%.

5. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The origami-inspired support frame is made of polyimide, PEN, or sheet metal.

6. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment drive unit includes a stepper motor, shape memory alloy, or thermally responsive material, and can automatically adjust the unfolding state of the photovoltaic layer according to ambient light and temperature.

7. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adjustment drive unit includes active adjustment mode and passive adjustment mode.

8. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The active adjustment methods include stepper motor crank-slider structure, shape memory alloy drive, and electroactive polymer drive.

9. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 7, characterized in that, The passive regulation methods include thermo-responsive material-driven methods and photo-responsive polymer-driven methods.

10. The photovoltaic photothermal coupling device with an origami-inspired biomimetic configuration according to claim 1, characterized in that, The origami-inspired support frame adopts one of the following: Miura origami structure, leaf rotation structure, serpentine folding structure, modular storage structure, or tower-style stacked structure.

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