Brushless direct current motor drive control circuit

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a brushless direct current motor driving control circuit, comprising a microcontroller module which integrates a Hall signal input end, a PWM signal output end and a timer unit, generates commutation logic through a Hall sensor feedback signal, and adjusts the PWM duty ratio to control the rotating speed of a motor; the three-phase inversion driving module forms a half-bridge circuit through high-voltage and low-voltage driving tubes and is connected with a three-phase winding of the motor; the power supply management module provides stable power supply voltage through the DC-DC boost / buck unit and the multi-stage filter capacitor group. Through the high-integration design, the reversing precision and the low-speed stability are improved, the power supply noise is suppressed, a multi-dimensional protection mechanism is integrated, and the high-precision driving device is suitable for high-precision driving scenes such as electric vehicles and unmanned aerial vehicles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of drive control circuit technology, and in particular to a brushless DC motor drive control circuit. Background Technology

[0002] The core function of a brushless DC motor drive control circuit is to convert DC power into three-phase AC power. By precisely controlling the conduction timing of power devices and PWM signals, it drives the motor to operate efficiently. Its role is to replace the mechanical commutation structure, utilizing electronic commutation logic (such as Hall effect feedback) to achieve contactless speed regulation, ensuring smooth motor start-stop, dynamic response, and long-life operation. It is widely used in high-precision drive scenarios such as electric vehicles, drones, and industrial equipment.

[0003] Traditional brushless DC motor drive circuits have the following technical problems: (1) Insufficient commutation accuracy. Relying on a single Hall signal or open-loop control can easily lead to commutation misalignment, especially under low-speed conditions where torque fluctuations are significant; (2) Sensitive to power supply interference. High-frequency noise caused by PWM switching action can easily couple to the control signal, resulting in speed jitter or logic misjudgment; (3) Lack of protection mechanism. Most circuits lack a real-time current monitoring module. The output cannot be quickly cut off when overloaded or short-circuited, posing a risk of device burnout; (4) Low system integration. The discrete design results in a large circuit size, making it difficult to meet the installation requirements of compact equipment (such as power tools). Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above problems, this utility model is proposed to provide a brushless DC motor drive control circuit that overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems, comprising:

[0005] Microcontroller module, three-phase inverter drive module, power management module;

[0006] The microcontroller module includes a Hall signal input terminal, a PWM signal output terminal, and a timer unit, which are used to receive feedback signals from the Hall sensor and output PWM drive signals.

[0007] The three-phase inverter drive module consists of a half-bridge circuit composed of high-voltage drive tubes and low-voltage drive tubes, which is electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the brushless DC motor.

[0008] The power management module includes a DC-DC boost unit, a buck unit, and a multi-stage filter capacitor bank, which are used to provide VCC, VP, and VDD5 power supply voltages to the system.

[0009] Optionally, the microcontroller module includes a Hall sensor with an integrated Hall signal commutation algorithm. The Hall sensor is used to generate a commutation logic signal by providing an input rotor position signal and to adjust the motor speed by adjusting the PWM duty cycle.

[0010] Optionally, the power management module includes a multi-stage filter capacitor bank, including at least one 100μF electrolytic capacitor and at least one 4.7μF ceramic capacitor, for suppressing high-frequency noise and low-frequency ripple.

[0011] Optionally, it also includes an overcurrent protection module;

[0012] The overcurrent protection module collects the three-phase drive current in real time through the current sampling resistor. When the detected value exceeds the threshold, it triggers the microcontroller protection signal and shuts off the PWM output.

[0013] Optionally, it also includes a temperature monitoring unit, which integrates an NTC thermistor and is electrically connected to the AD sampling terminal of the microcontroller to realize over-temperature protection function.

[0014] Optionally, an optocoupler isolation unit for electrical isolation is provided between the high and low side drive signals of the three-phase inverter drive module to achieve electrical isolation between the high and low voltage signals.

[0015] Optionally, a FUSE fuse and a TVS diode are connected in series at the front end of the power management module to form a surge protection circuit.

[0016] Optionally, the microcontroller module also includes a communication interface supporting CAN / RXD / TXD for receiving external speed commands or uploading operating status parameters.

[0017] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] In this embodiment of the invention, a microcontroller module, a three-phase inverter drive module, and a power management module are used. The microcontroller module includes a Hall signal input terminal, a PWM signal output terminal, and a timer unit, used to receive feedback signals from the Hall sensor and output PWM drive signals. The three-phase inverter drive module consists of a half-bridge circuit composed of high-voltage drive transistors and low-voltage drive transistors, electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the brushless DC motor. The power management module includes a DC-DC boost unit, a buck unit, and a multi-stage filter capacitor bank, used to provide VCC, VP, and VDD5 power supply voltages to the system. The high-integration brushless DC motor drive control circuit offers the following technical advantages: It improves low-speed stability of the motor by using Hall sensors and a microcontroller to collaboratively generate commutation logic, combined with dynamic adjustment of the PWM duty cycle; it uses a combination of electrolytic and ceramic capacitors to filter out wideband noise, and works with a DC-DC voltage regulator module to reduce the impact of power fluctuations on control accuracy; it integrates multi-dimensional protection circuits for overcurrent, overvoltage, and overtemperature, enabling rapid fault response and hardware-level safe shutdown; and it integrates drive, control, and power functions onto a single circuit board, reducing the number of external components and supporting multiple communication protocol extensions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this utility model, the drawings used in the description of this utility model will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the module structure of a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the first part of a microcontroller module for a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the second part of a microcontroller module for a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of a power management module for a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the first part of the first phase of the three-phase inverter drive module of a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the second part of the first phase of a three-phase inverter drive module of a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the second phase of a three-phase inverter drive module of a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the third phase of a three-phase inverter drive module of a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0029] Reference Figures 1 to 8 This invention illustrates a brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention, comprising: a microcontroller module 1, a three-phase inverter drive module 2, an overcurrent protection module 4, and a power management module 3; the microcontroller module 1 includes Hall signal input terminals P1.6 / CMP1P / AD9 / HALL1S, PWM signal output terminals H_DU / H_DV / H_DW, and a timer unit TIM3, used to receive feedback signals from Hall sensors and output PWM drive signals; the three-phase inverter drive module 2 consists of a half-bridge circuit composed of high-voltage drive transistors H_DU / H_DV / H_DW and low-voltage drive transistors L_DU / L_DV / L_DW, electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the brushless DC motor; the power management module 3 includes a DC-DC boost unit BST, a buck unit, and a multi-stage filter capacitor group C9, C20, and C34, used to provide VCC, VP, and VDD5 power supply voltages to the system.

[0030] By combining essential technical features, stable drive, precise commutation, and safety protection functions for three-phase brushless motors are achieved, meeting the needs of industrial applications. Reliability and modularity make it suitable for motor control applications in industrial or household appliances (such as frequency converters and UAV ESCs). A comprehensive protection mechanism adapts to harsh environments, and high integration reduces BOM costs. Flexible interface design facilitates functional expansion. Optimized power and signal paths improve overall efficiency and anti-interference capabilities.

[0031] In one embodiment of this utility model, the microcontroller module 1 includes a Hall sensor with an integrated Hall signal commutation algorithm. The Hall sensor HALL0S / HALL1S / HALL2S is used to provide the input rotor position signal to generate a commutation logic signal and to adjust the motor speed through the PWM duty cycle.

[0032] The power management module 3 includes a multi-stage filter capacitor bank, including at least one 100μF electrolytic capacitor C20 and at least one 4.7μF ceramic capacitor C34, for suppressing high-frequency noise and low-frequency ripple.

[0033] Furthermore, it also includes an overcurrent protection module; the overcurrent protection module collects the three-phase drive current in real time through the current sampling resistors RS1 / RS2, and triggers the microcontroller protection signal and shuts off the PWM output when the detected value exceeds the threshold.

[0034] It also includes a temperature monitoring unit, which integrates an NTC thermistor and is electrically connected to the AD sampling terminal of the microcontroller to realize over-temperature protection function.

[0035] The three-phase inverter drive module 2 is equipped with an optocoupler isolation unit U7 for electrical isolation between the high and low side drive signals, achieving electrical isolation between the high and low voltage signals. The power management module 3 has a FUSE fuse F1 and a TVS diode ZNR1 connected in series at its front end to form a surge protection circuit. The microcontroller module 1 also includes a communication interface supporting CAN / RXD / TXD for receiving external speed commands or uploading operating status parameters.

[0036] As an example, refer to Figures 2 to 8 As shown, the brushless DC motor (BLDC) drive control circuit described above is mainly used to achieve precise control and efficient drive of the motor. The brushless DC motor is driven by a three-phase bridge circuit (H_DU / H_DV / H_DW and L_DU / L_DV / L_DW pins), controlling the motor's start / stop, speed, and direction. Hall effect sensors (HALL0S / HALL1S / HALL2S) are used to detect the rotor position, enabling electronic commutation.

[0037] Power management module 3 includes DC-DC boost (BST) and buck circuits, as well as multi-stage filter capacitors (such as 100μF and 4.7μF) to provide a stable power supply to the system (VCC, VP, VDD5, etc.). It features overvoltage and overcurrent protection (FUSE fuse, TV1 transient suppression diode).

[0038] Signal processing and protection utilize comparators (CMP), analog-to-digital converters (AD), and operational amplifiers (AMP) to monitor current and voltage. Integrated temperature monitoring (NTC thermistor) and over-temperature protection ensure safe system operation.

[0039] Employing PWM control and switching power supply design reduces energy loss. Intelligent commutation technology (based on Hall signals) improves motor efficiency, offering the advantages of high efficiency and low power consumption.

[0040] For microcontrollers, the FU6812 series is preferred. It integrates functions such as timer TIM3 and communication interface (RXD / TXD), which simplifies the peripheral circuit and improves integration and reliability. The protection mechanism is comprehensive, including fuses, NTC, TVS diodes, etc., to enhance system robustness.

[0041] Closed-loop control is achieved through Hall effect sensors and AD sampling, ensuring precise adjustment of speed and torque. Suitable for scenarios requiring high-precision drive (such as power tools, drones, industrial equipment, etc.).

[0042] Its applications also include motor drives for power tools (such as electric drills and angle grinders); energy-saving control for household appliances (such as air conditioner fans and washing machines); and drive modules for new energy vehicles (such as cooling fans and water pumps).

[0043] It should be noted that the FU6812 chip is a dedicated MCU for BLDC control, supporting Hall sensor input and PWM output, which further confirms the circuit's motor control function.

[0044] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the present invention.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes said element.

[0046] The brushless DC motor drive control circuit provided by this utility model has been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principle and implementation of this utility model. The description of the above embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A brushless DC motor drive control circuit, characterized in that, include: Microcontroller module, three-phase inverter drive module, power management module; The microcontroller module includes a Hall signal input terminal, a PWM signal output terminal, and a timer unit, which are used to receive feedback signals from the Hall sensor and output PWM drive signals. The three-phase inverter drive module consists of a half-bridge circuit composed of high-voltage drive tubes and low-voltage drive tubes, which is electrically connected to the three-phase windings of the brushless DC motor. The power management module includes a DC-DC boost unit, a buck unit, and a multi-stage filter capacitor bank, which are used to provide VCC, VP, and VDD5 power supply voltages to the system.

2. The brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller module includes a Hall sensor that integrates a Hall signal commutation algorithm. The Hall sensor is used to generate a commutation logic signal by providing an input rotor position signal and to adjust the motor speed by adjusting the PWM duty cycle.

3. The brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module includes a multi-stage filter capacitor bank, including at least one 100μF electrolytic capacitor and at least one 4.7μF ceramic capacitor, for suppressing high-frequency noise and low-frequency ripple.

4. The brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an overcurrent protection module; The overcurrent protection module collects the three-phase drive current in real time through the current sampling resistor. When the detected value exceeds the threshold, it triggers the microcontroller protection signal and shuts off the PWM output.

5. The brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a temperature monitoring unit, which integrates an NTC thermistor and is electrically connected to the AD sampling terminal of the microcontroller.

6. The brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high and low side drive signals of the three-phase inverter drive module are provided with an optocoupler isolation unit for electrical isolation.

7. The brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power management module is connected in series with a FUSE fuse and a TVS diode to form a surge protection circuit.

8. The brushless DC motor drive control circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microcontroller module also includes a communication interface that supports CAN / RXD / TXD, used to receive external speed commands or upload operating status parameters.

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