Battery fire extinguishing experiment device capable of spraying fire extinguishing agents in various forms

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery fire extinguishing experiment device capable of spraying fire extinguishing agents in various forms, which comprises a thermal runaway triggering device, a battery fire extinguishing device and a fire extinguishing device, the fire extinguishing spraying device comprises a solid fire extinguishing agent branch, a liquid fire extinguishing agent branch and a gaseous fire extinguishing agent branch which are respectively used for spraying a solid fire extinguishing agent, a liquid fire extinguishing agent and a gaseous fire extinguishing agent into the thermal runaway triggering device; the gas treatment device is connected with the thermal runaway triggering device and is used for treating harmful gas generated in the thermal runaway triggering device; and the data real-time recording device is used for collecting and recording apparent states and related physical and chemical parameter changes of battery fire breakout and fire suppression of the fire extinguishing medium. The device provided by the utility model provides a comprehensive solution for thermal runaway research and fire extinguishment of the battery and the battery pack.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery safety testing technology, and in particular to a battery fire extinguishing experimental device that can spray various forms of fire extinguishing agents. Background Technology

[0002] Large prismatic batteries are widely used in energy storage power stations, electric vehicles, and other fields due to their high energy density, high power density, and long cycle time. However, thermal abuse, overcharging, and mechanical abuse can easily cause abnormal temperature rises inside the battery. Localized high temperatures can induce a series of exothermic reactions inside the battery, leading to fires and explosions, seriously threatening people's lives and property.

[0003] To improve battery safety during use and effectively suppress the spread of battery thermal runaway, more and more researchers are conducting research on battery fires.

[0004] However, most existing battery thermal runaway experimental devices can only spray a single medium for fire extinguishing. For example, the battery fire extinguishing device system disclosed by Cha Xiaojun et al. in Chinese Utility Model Patent CN202323296655.1 can only spray powder as a single medium. Furthermore, current devices lack the ability to detect data such as spray flow rate, and lack research on the impact of spray conditions such as filler material quality, filler pressure, and nozzle orifice number on the spraying effect (flame duration, battery temperature, etc.). This results in low operational convenience and affects the scientific rigor of the experiments.

[0005] To address the issue of using a single extinguishing medium, Chen Bowen et al., in their Chinese invention patent CN118543056A, employed a plate structure integrating multiple extinguishing media for battery fire suppression and cooling. However, this device requires customization based on the battery model, and due to limited space, the amount of extinguishing medium that can be filled into the plate is limited, affecting the extinguishing effect. Furthermore, this device is unsuitable for actual lithium battery fire scenarios, hindering further fire suppression research. Utility Model Content

[0006] In order to at least solve one of the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a battery fire extinguishing experimental device that can spray various forms of extinguishing agents.

[0007] To achieve the objective of this utility model, this utility model provides a battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying various forms of extinguishing agents, comprising:

[0008] Thermal runaway triggering device, used to cause thermal runaway and fire in the battery;

[0009] The fire extinguishing sprinkler system includes a solid extinguishing agent branch, a liquid extinguishing agent branch, and a gaseous extinguishing agent branch, which are used to spray solid extinguishing agent, liquid extinguishing agent, and gaseous extinguishing agent into the thermal runaway triggering device, respectively.

[0010] A gas treatment device, connected to a thermal runaway triggering device, is used to treat harmful gases generated in the thermal runaway triggering device;

[0011] A real-time data recording device is used to collect and record the apparent state and related physicochemical parameters of battery ignition and fire suppression by fire extinguishing agents.

[0012] Furthermore, the thermal runaway triggering device includes a thermal triggering box and a thermal runaway triggering component disposed within the thermal triggering box. The thermal runaway triggering component is used to trigger battery thermal runaway and cause a fire.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom of the thermal trigger box is equipped with casters.

[0014] Furthermore, the thermal runaway triggering component includes a heating element that is attached to the battery and is used to apply heat to the battery.

[0015] Furthermore, the heating element is attached to the battery via a clamp. Preferably, a heat insulation plate is also provided between the clamp and the heating element.

[0016] Furthermore, the thermal runaway triggering component includes an overcharge device to overcharge the battery.

[0017] Thermal runaway triggering devices can trigger thermal runaway of different types of square batteries (lithium batteries, sodium batteries, etc.) and battery packs through heating or overcharging.

[0018] Furthermore, the fire sprinkler system also includes a power source and nozzles. The power source provides the power to pass the extinguishing medium from the solid extinguishing agent branch, the liquid extinguishing agent branch, and the gaseous extinguishing agent branch into the thermal runaway triggering device. The nozzles are connected to the solid extinguishing agent branch, the liquid extinguishing agent branch, and the gaseous extinguishing agent branch via pipes. The fire sprinkler system can effectively extinguish fires using extinguishing agents in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms.

[0019] Furthermore, the power source is a gas cylinder; the fire extinguishing sprinkler device also includes a gas cylinder pressure gauge, a pressure reducing valve, and a pressure reducing valve pressure gauge. The gas cylinder is connected to the solid fire extinguishing agent branch, the liquid fire extinguishing agent branch, and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent branch through pipelines, and the gas cylinder pressure gauge, the pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve pressure gauge are installed on the pipelines.

[0020] Furthermore, multiple nozzles with different numbers and diameters of holes can be provided.

[0021] Furthermore, corresponding storage tanks are installed on the solid extinguishing agent branch, the liquid extinguishing agent branch, and the gaseous extinguishing agent branch, and each branch is equipped with a valve and a flow meter. Preferably, depending on the form of the extinguishing agent, each branch can be equipped with a flow meter with a different measurement range to facilitate real-time monitoring of the spray data.

[0022] The fire sprinkler system consists of solid, liquid, and gaseous extinguishing agent branches, each equipped with a storage tank for independently filling with solid, liquid, and gaseous extinguishing agents. By incorporating gas cylinders, valves, sprinkler pipes, and nozzles, it autonomously pressurizes the sprinkler system, enabling the spraying of various extinguishing agent forms at any time and facilitating switching between different extinguishing agent forms.

[0023] Furthermore, the fire-extinguishing sprinkler system can spray various forms of extinguishing agents for extinguishing fires involving high-energy-density batteries. These various forms of extinguishing agents include solid extinguishing agents such as dry powder; liquid extinguishing agents such as water and foam; and gaseous extinguishing agents such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide.

[0024] Fire extinguishing sprinkler systems can adjust the quality of the extinguishing medium, the spray pressure, and the number of nozzles to meet the needs of researchers to investigate the effects of different spray conditions on the flame duration and battery temperature after a square battery or battery pack catches fire.

[0025] Furthermore, the gas handling device includes a fume hood, a ventilation duct, and a gas processor. The fume hood is mounted on the thermal runaway triggering device and is connected to the gas processor through the ventilation duct to ensure a safe experimental environment.

[0026] Furthermore, the real-time data recording device includes a thermocouple and a video recorder. The thermocouple is used to collect temperature and voltage changes during the experiment, and the video recorder is used to collect images during the experiment.

[0027] Furthermore, the real-time data recording device also includes a weighing device, which is used to weigh the fire extinguishing medium to obtain a preset mass of fire extinguishing medium.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, this utility model can achieve at least the following beneficial effects:

[0029] (1) This utility model addresses the problem that existing fire extinguishing devices can only use a single extinguishing agent by equipping multiple independent storage tanks, which can be independently filled with different masses of solid, liquid, and gaseous extinguishing agents. The fire extinguishing spray device can not only achieve spray control of the extinguishing agent, but also switch between multiple forms of extinguishing agents. This allows experimental personnel to conveniently select the appropriate type of extinguishing agent according to specific experimental needs, and also enables the combined use of extinguishing agents, thus expanding the application range of the experimental device.

[0030] (2) In view of the current situation that existing fire extinguishing devices infer the spray flow rate by spraying time, this utility model has installed a flow meter in the pipeline.

[0031] (3) In view of the current situation that the parameter adjustment mechanism of existing fire extinguishing sprinkler devices is not clear and there is a lack of research on the effect of spraying conditions on fire extinguishing, this utility model establishes a fire extinguishing sprinkler device that can adjust the quality of fire extinguishing medium, spraying pressure and number of nozzle holes to control the spraying time, so as to meet the needs of researchers to explore the influence of different spraying conditions on the flame duration and battery temperature after battery fire spraying. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall device provided in the embodiment of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fire extinguishing sprinkler device in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the storage tank in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the storage tank in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between spraying time and spraying pressure in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between spraying time and the number of nozzle holes in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0038] Figure 5C This is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between spraying time and the mass of the medium in an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this utility model, the following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, provides an experimental device for extinguishing battery fires that can spray various forms of extinguishing agents. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0040] like Figure 1As shown, this utility model provides a battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying various forms of extinguishing agents, including a thermal runaway triggering device, a fire extinguishing spray device, a real-time data recording device, and a gas handling device. The thermal runaway triggering device is used to induce thermal runaway and ignite the battery; the fire extinguishing spray device is used to release the extinguishing medium for fire extinguishing; the real-time data recording device is used to collect and record the apparent state and related physicochemical parameter changes of the battery ignition and the fire suppression by the extinguishing medium; and the gas handling device is used to collect and treat the waste gas generated during the experiment.

[0041] The thermal runaway triggering device, as the main component of the experiment, aims to safely and effectively simulate the thermal runaway process of prismatic batteries and battery packs. The thermal runaway triggering device includes a thermal triggering chamber 1 and a thermal runaway triggering component disposed within the chamber 1. The thermal runaway triggering component includes a heating element 3 and a heat insulation plate 4. The heating element 3 is positioned close to the battery 2, and the heat insulation plate 4 is positioned close to the heating element 3. By controlling the temperature rise of the heating element 3, external heat is applied to the battery 2, thereby triggering thermal runaway and ignition. Alternatively, the thermal runaway triggering component includes an overcharge device, which overcharges the battery 2, thereby triggering thermal runaway and ignition. The heating element 3 and the heat insulation plate 4 are tightly clamped to the outside of the battery 2 by clamps. During clamping, the clamps, heat insulation plate 4, heating element 3, battery 2, heat insulation plate 4, and clamps are arranged in sequence. The overcharge device includes a wire connected to the battery. The thermal runaway triggering component triggers the thermal runaway of the battery, ensuring the controllability and safety of the experiment, while providing a realistic fire scenario for subsequent fire extinguishing experiments.

[0042] In some embodiments of this utility model, the heat trigger box 1 is a mobile, visual, large explosion-proof cabinet.

[0043] In some embodiments of this invention, the thermal triggering chamber 1 is an explosion-proof cabinet with a vertical box structure. The front of the thermal triggering chamber 1 is equipped with a cabinet door connected by a rotating hinge, and the door is secured by a lock 29 to ensure the explosion-proof cabinet's airtightness. The right side is a full-length explosion-proof transparent glass panel, facilitating observation and recording of the experimental process. Three 0.1m diameter operating holes 28 are located at the bottom of the left side, facilitating connection to an external fire sprinkler system and a real-time data recording device. A 0.15m diameter operating hole is located in the center of the reverse side of the device, allowing for the installation of an air conditioner 34 and its piping. Cool air can be delivered to the interior of the explosion-proof cabinet through the piping and operating holes, thereby improving the operating environment for experimental personnel. Furthermore, casters 30 are provided at the bottom of the explosion-proof cabinet, facilitating its movement and braking, enhancing the flexibility and convenience of the experiment. The overall design aims to provide a safe, visualized, and efficient experimental environment.

[0044] The fire extinguishing sprinkler system includes a gas cylinder 6, a gas cylinder pressure gauge 7, a pressure reducing valve 8, a pressure reducing valve pressure gauge 9, a nozzle 27, two four-way pipes 10, a solid fire extinguishing agent branch, a liquid fire extinguishing agent branch, and a gaseous fire extinguishing agent branch. A gas cylinder 6, a gas cylinder pressure gauge 7, a pressure reducing valve 8, a pressure reducing valve gauge 9, and a four-way pipe 10 are connected in sequence. The three ports of the four-way pipe 10 are connected to the solid extinguishing agent branch, the liquid extinguishing agent branch, and the gaseous extinguishing agent branch, respectively. The ends of the solid extinguishing agent branch, the liquid extinguishing agent branch, and the gaseous extinguishing agent branch are connected to the nozzle 27. The nozzle 27 is located inside the heat trigger box 1 and above the battery 2 located inside the heat trigger box 1. The three pipes of the four-way pipe 10 are respectively equipped with a powder storage tank inlet valve 11, a liquid storage tank inlet valve 12, and a gas storage tank inlet valve 13. The gas in the gas cylinder 6 is independently and precisely filled into the designated storage tank through the four-way pipe 10 and the corresponding inlet valves (11, 12, 13). The gas cylinder 6 is used as a power source, and the filling gas pressure is precisely controlled by the pressure reducing valve 8 and the pressure reducing valve gauge 9.

[0045] In some embodiments of this utility model, the fire extinguishing sprinkler device further includes an inlet valve, a storage tank, a storage tank pressure gauge 19, a flow meter 21, sprinkler pipes (sprinkler hose 20 and sprinkler rigid pipe 26), and a sprinkler support 25. The storage tank includes a powder storage tank 14, a liquid storage tank 15, and a gas storage tank 16. A powder storage tank 14 is installed on the solid extinguishing agent branch, a liquid storage tank 15 is installed on the liquid extinguishing agent branch, and a gas storage tank 16 is installed on the gaseous extinguishing agent branch. Each branch is connected to the sprinkler hose 20 via a four-way pipe 10, and the sprinkler hose 20 is connected to a nozzle 27. Gas enters the powder storage tank 14, the liquid storage tank 15, and the gas storage tank 16, driving the solid, liquid, or gaseous extinguishing agent pre-filled in the tanks to form a gas-solid, gas-liquid, or gas mixture for fire extinguishing.

[0046] Each storage tank is independently equipped with a spray hose 20 at its outlet. The spray hose 20 connects to a four-way pipe 10. Three independent flow meters 21 are installed on each of the three spray hoses 20 for auxiliary testing and data acquisition. Spray valves 22 for the powder tank, 23 for the liquid tank, and 24 for the gas tank are also installed on the three spray hoses 20. Through the four-way pipe 10 and the independent spray valves (22, 23, 24), the spraying of the extinguishing medium and the switching between various forms of extinguishing media can be achieved. The three spray hoses 20 converge through the four-way pipe 10. The remaining end of the four-way pipe 10 connects to one end of another spray hose 20. The other end of this spray hose 20 extends into the interior of the heat trigger box 1 through an operating hole 28. A spray support 25 is installed inside the heat trigger box 1. A rigid spray pipe 26 is installed on the spray support 25, with one end connected to the spray hose 20 and the other end detachably connected to a nozzle 27. When in operation, nozzle 27 is positioned directly above battery 2.

[0047] In some embodiments of this invention, the flow meter measurement range of the corresponding sprinkler pipe varies depending on the form of the extinguishing agent. The flow meter measurement range for solid extinguishing agents is 0-1 t / h, for liquid extinguishing agents it is 0.01-50 L / min, and for gaseous extinguishing agents it is 0.7-70 L / min.

[0048] Depending on experimental requirements, the spraying medium can be switched between various forms of extinguishing agents. These various forms of extinguishing agents include solid extinguishing agents such as dry powder, liquid extinguishing agents such as water and foam, and gaseous extinguishing agents such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide. The fire sprinkler system, equipped with powder storage tanks, liquid storage tanks, and gas storage tanks, can autonomously fill solid, liquid, and gaseous extinguishing agents respectively; equipped with gas cylinders, four-way pipes, valves, spray pipes, and nozzles, it can autonomously fill the spray pressure (a predetermined pressure value can be filled into the storage tanks, such as 0.6MPa or 0.8MPa; the pressure can be adjusted according to experimental needs, and this work can be done by a single person), and can drive and control the spraying of various forms of extinguishing agents at any time; the four-way pipes and valves enable the switching between various extinguishing agent forms.

[0049] Fire sprinkler systems can spray solid, liquid, and gaseous extinguishing agents, and can also switch between various forms of extinguishing media. Fire sprinkler systems allow researchers to easily select the appropriate extinguishing agent type according to specific experimental needs, and also enable the combined use of extinguishing media, expanding the application range of the experimental device and effectively extinguishing fires involving square high-energy-density batteries.

[0050] The fire-extinguishing sprinkler system allows for the autonomous adjustment of the spray flow rate of the extinguishing medium by modifying the mass of the filling material in the storage tank, the spray pressure, and the number of nozzle orifices (achieved by replacing nozzles with different orifice numbers). This enables the establishment of a correlation diagram between the mass of the filling material, the spray pressure, the number of nozzle orifices, and the spray time, thus meeting the needs of investigating the effect of different spray conditions on battery fire suppression (flame duration, battery temperature, etc.). This flexibility ensures the diversity, scientific rigor, and effectiveness of the experiments. Users can flexibly adjust parameters according to their needs to achieve precise control of the extinguishing time and optimize the extinguishing effect.

[0051] In some embodiments of this utility model, the number of holes in the nozzle 27 ranges from 1 to 10, and the diameter of the nozzle holes ranges from 1 to 15 mm.

[0052] This device allows for the autonomous adjustment of the spray flow rate of the extinguishing medium by changing the mass of the filling material, the spray pressure, and the number of nozzle orifices, thereby meeting the research needs on the effect of different spray conditions on the suppression effect of battery fires (flame duration, battery temperature, etc.). Figure 3As shown, the spray velocity is affected by the nozzle orifice diameter, the number of orifices, and the mass of the spray material. With a spray material mass of 1000g and a spray pressure of 0.6MPa, using a nozzle 27 with an orifice diameter of 2mm, the spray times are 62s, 36s, 23s, and 18s respectively when the number of orifices on nozzle 27 is 1, 28g / s, 43g / s, and 56g / s, respectively. During the experiment, researchers can flexibly select nozzles 27 with appropriate orifice numbers and diameters based on the specified material mass and time, thereby effectively controlling the spray velocity to achieve the best fire extinguishing effect of the extinguishing medium.

[0053] A real-time data recording device includes thermocouples 36, a data acquisition unit 35, and a video recorder 37. At least one side of the thermal trigger box 1 is transparent. The video recorder 37 is positioned opposite the transparent side of the thermal trigger box 1. The real-time data recording device comprehensively captures images during the experiment using the video recorder 37, ensuring that every detail is recorded. Thermocouples 36 are attached to the surface of the battery 2, the heating element 3, and the nozzle 27. The thermocouples 36 are connected to the data acquisition unit 35, which records the temperature and voltage changes during the experiment in real time. After the experiment, the flame duration and battery surface temperature can be analyzed to evaluate the fire extinguishing effect. The real-time data recording device ensures the comprehensiveness of the experiment and the accuracy of the data, providing a solid foundation for subsequent analysis.

[0054] In some embodiments of the present invention, the real-time data recording device further includes a balance 38, which is used to weigh the mass of the filling material so as to put a preset mass of filling material into the storage tank.

[0055] In some embodiments of this invention, thermocouple 36 is a type K thermocouple; video recorder 37 is a Sony FDX800; and data acquisition unit 35 is an LR8400, to facilitate efficient data recording and analysis. The specific models given herein are merely examples and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection.

[0056] The gas handling device is located at the top of the thermal trigger chamber 1 and can effectively collect and handle harmful gases generated during the experiment, ensuring safety and environmental cleanliness. The gas handling device includes a fume hood 31, a ventilation duct 32, and a gas processor 33. The fume hood 31 is located at the top of the thermal trigger chamber 1 and communicates with the interior of the thermal trigger chamber 1. The fume hood 31 is connected to the gas processor 33 through the ventilation duct 32.

[0057] The gases generated in the experiment are first collected by a fume hood 31 and then transported to a gas processor 33 through a ventilation duct 32. In the gas processor 33 (an existing, mature device, such as a flue gas pollution control system manufactured by Taistek), the gases are purified and treated to ensure that emissions meet safety and environmental standards. This design not only improves laboratory safety but also effectively reduces the environmental impact of harmful gases.

[0058] The experimental apparatus provided in the foregoing embodiments of this utility model, when spraying solid extinguishing media, first adds a preset mass of solid extinguishing media through the powder tank inlet 17 on the powder tank 14; keeps the liquid tank inlet valve 12 and the gas tank inlet valve 13 closed; opens the gas cylinder 6 and adjusts the pressure reducing valve 8 to regulate the pressure input to the powder tank 14; opens the powder tank inlet valve 11 to input gas into the powder tank 14, while monitoring the tank pressure gauge 19 of the powder tank 14; and closes the powder tank inlet valve 11 in time when the gas is filled to the preset pressure. During the experiment, after receiving the spray signal, keeps the liquid tank spray valve 23 on the liquid extinguishing agent branch and the gas tank spray valve 24 on the gas extinguishing agent branch closed, and opens the powder tank spray valve 22 on the solid extinguishing agent branch to immediately spray the solid extinguishing media.

[0059] When the battery experiences thermal runaway and the internal pressure becomes too high, reaching a certain threshold, the explosion-proof valve on the battery will open and simultaneously spray out the internal substances. The spray signal can be triggered when the explosion-proof valve opens, or after a preset opening time.

[0060] When spraying liquid extinguishing media, first add a preset amount of liquid extinguishing media through the inlet 18 on the storage tank 15; keep the air inlet valve 11 of the powder storage tank and the air inlet valve 13 of the gas storage tank closed; open the gas cylinder 6 and adjust the pressure reducing valve 8 to regulate the pressure input to the storage tank 15; open the air inlet valve 12 of the storage tank to input gas into the storage tank 15, while monitoring the pressure gauge 19 of the storage tank 15; when the gas is filled to the preset pressure, close the air inlet valve 12 of the storage tank in time. During the experiment, after receiving the spray signal (when the explosion-proof valve opens, after the explosion-proof valve has been open for a specific time, etc.), keep the spray valve 22 of the powder storage tank on the solid extinguishing agent branch and the spray valve 24 of the gas storage tank on the gaseous extinguishing agent branch closed, and open the spray valve 23 of the liquid storage tank on the liquid extinguishing agent branch to immediately spray the liquid extinguishing media.

[0061] When spraying gaseous extinguishing media, keep the air inlet valve 11 of the powder storage tank and the air inlet valve 12 of the liquid storage tank closed; open the gas cylinder 6 and adjust the pressure reducing valve 8 to regulate the pressure input to the gas storage tank 16; open the gas storage tank inlet valve 13 to input gas into the gas storage tank 16, while monitoring the tank pressure gauge 19 of the gas storage tank 16; when the gas is filled to the preset pressure, close the gas storage tank inlet valve 13 in time; if it is necessary to spray multi-component gaseous extinguishing media, the gas cylinder 6 can be replaced with other gas cylinders in sequence, and the gas can be introduced in sequence and proportion to complete the mixing of the gas in the gas storage tank 16 (the gas cylinder can not only serve as a power source, but also provide gaseous extinguishing media). During the experiment, after receiving the spray signal (when the explosion-proof valve is open, after the explosion-proof valve has been open for a specific time, etc.), keep the powder tank spray valve 22 on the solid extinguishing agent branch and the liquid tank spray valve 23 on the liquid extinguishing agent branch closed, and open the gas tank spray valve 24 on the gas extinguishing agent branch to immediately spray the gas extinguishing medium.

[0062] In the same experiment, the device of this invention can spray three fire extinguishing media individually or sequentially. Before the experiment begins, solid and liquid fire extinguishing media are filled into the powder storage tank 14 and liquid storage tank 15 through the powder tank inlet 17 and liquid tank inlet 18, respectively. Then, gas cylinder 6 fills the powder storage tank 14, liquid storage tank 15, and gas storage tank 16 with gas at a preset pressure in sequence. At the start of the experiment, after receiving the spray signal (when the explosion-proof valve opens, or after the explosion-proof valve has been open for a specific time, etc.), the spray valve 23 of the liquid extinguishing agent branch and the spray valve 24 of the gaseous extinguishing agent branch can be kept closed, while the spray valve 22 of the powder storage tank on the solid extinguishing agent branch can be opened; then, the spray valves 22 and 24 of the powder storage tank on the solid extinguishing agent branch and the spray valve 23 of the liquid extinguishing agent branch can be kept closed, while the spray valves 22 and 23 of the liquid extinguishing agent branch and the spray valve 24 of the gaseous extinguishing agent branch can be opened; finally, the spray valves 22 and 23 of the powder storage tank on the solid extinguishing agent branch and the spray valve 24 of the liquid extinguishing agent branch can be kept closed, while the spray valve 24 of the gaseous extinguishing agent branch can be opened, thus completing the switching of the extinguishing medium from solid to liquid and then to gas. The combined use of two or three extinguishing media can provide a more comprehensive fire extinguishing effect for different types of fires, improving the success rate of fire suppression.

[0063] In some embodiments of this invention, during the experiment, thermocouple 36 is first attached to the square battery or battery pack, heating element 3, and nozzle 27 to ensure accurate monitoring of temperature and voltage changes. The square battery or battery pack, heating element 3, and heat insulation plate 4 are clamped in the center of the thermal triggering box 1 using battery clamp 5 to ensure stability and safety. A nozzle 27 with an appropriate number and diameter of holes is used and fixed 30cm directly above the square battery or battery pack to ensure the extinguishing medium effectively covers the battery. After sealing the door of the thermal triggering box 1, a predetermined amount of extinguishing medium in a specific form is filled into the storage tanks (14, 15, 16), and a certain pressure is applied. Then, the video recorder 37 and data acquisition unit 35 are started to ensure all equipment is working properly. The battery 2 is triggered to undergo thermal runaway and ignite through heating or overcharging, releasing a large amount of heat and gas. At the moment of ignition, immediately shut off the power to the heating element 3 or the overcharge device, and quickly open the spray valves (22, 23, 24) on the corresponding extinguishing agent pipeline to release the extinguishing medium. Simultaneously, use flow meter 21 to monitor the spray flow rate in real time to ensure effective spraying of the extinguishing medium. Throughout the experiment, video recorder 37 and data acquisition unit 35 continuously record and monitor the battery ignition and the fire suppression effect of the extinguishing medium, recording changes in relevant physicochemical parameters. This series of operations aims to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the extinguishing medium and the safety of the battery.

[0064] The experimental apparatus provided in the foregoing embodiments of this invention, during battery thermal runaway fire extinguishing experiments, induces thermal runaway and ignition of a square battery or battery pack within a thermal triggering chamber 1 via a heating element 3. At a specific moment, the fire extinguishing spray device releases the extinguishing medium, which can be a single gas, a multi-component gas-solid, gas-liquid, or gas mixture. By adjusting the mass of the filling material, the spray pressure, and the number of nozzle orifices, the spray flow rate of the extinguishing medium can be controlled to meet the experimental requirements for exploring the battery fire suppression effect under different spray conditions. During the experiment, a real-time data recording device can collect data on the apparent state of battery ignition and the changes in relevant physicochemical parameters related to fire suppression by the extinguishing medium. Furthermore, a gas treatment device can collect and treat the waste gas generated during the experiment.

[0065] This utility model provides a highly efficient and flexible fire extinguishing system. The fire sprinkler system can spray solid, liquid, and gaseous extinguishing agents, offering diverse extinguishing options to adapt to different fire needs. The sprinkler pipes are equipped with flow meters to monitor the spray velocity in real time, allowing for timely adjustments to the system's operation to ensure the effectiveness of the extinguishing agent and the uniformity of the spray, reducing resource waste. The fire sprinkler system can be quickly adjusted according to different fire types and extinguishing conditions, greatly improving the safety and effectiveness of fire suppression. In practical applications, this will have a positive impact on the design, maintenance, and operation training of fire protection equipment.

[0066] The technical means disclosed in this utility model are not limited to those described above, but also include technical solutions composed of equivalent substitutions of the above technical features. Any matters not covered in this utility model are common knowledge to those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying various forms of extinguishing agents, characterized in that, include: Thermal runaway triggering device, used to cause thermal runaway and fire in the battery; The fire extinguishing sprinkler system includes a solid extinguishing agent branch, a liquid extinguishing agent branch, and a gaseous extinguishing agent branch, which are used to spray solid extinguishing agent, liquid extinguishing agent, and gaseous extinguishing agent into the thermal runaway triggering device, respectively. A gas treatment device, connected to a thermal runaway triggering device, is used to treat harmful gases generated in the thermal runaway triggering device; A real-time data recording device is used to collect and record the apparent state and related physicochemical parameters of battery ignition and fire suppression by fire extinguishing agents.

2. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal runaway triggering device includes a thermal triggering box and a thermal runaway triggering component disposed inside the thermal triggering box. The thermal runaway triggering component is used to trigger battery thermal runaway and cause a fire.

3. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thermal runaway triggering component includes a heating element that is attached to the battery and is used to apply heat to the battery.

4. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 2, characterized in that, The thermal runaway triggering component includes an overcharge device, which overcharges the battery.

5. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fire extinguishing sprinkler system also includes a power source and nozzles. The power source is used to provide power to pass the extinguishing medium in the solid extinguishing agent branch, the liquid extinguishing agent branch and the gaseous extinguishing agent branch into the thermal runaway triggering device. The nozzles are connected to the solid extinguishing agent branch, the liquid extinguishing agent branch and the gaseous extinguishing agent branch through pipes.

6. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 5, characterized in that, The power source is a gas cylinder; the fire extinguishing sprinkler device also includes a gas cylinder pressure gauge, a pressure reducing valve, and a pressure reducing valve pressure gauge. The gas cylinder is connected to the solid fire extinguishing agent branch, the liquid fire extinguishing agent branch, and the gaseous fire extinguishing agent branch through pipelines, and the gas cylinder pressure gauge, the pressure reducing valve, and the pressure reducing valve pressure gauge are installed on the pipelines.

7. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 1, characterized in that, Each of the solid extinguishing agent branch, liquid extinguishing agent branch, and gaseous extinguishing agent branch is equipped with a corresponding storage tank, and each branch is equipped with a valve and a flow meter.

8. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas handling device includes a smoke hood, a ventilation duct, and a gas processor. The smoke hood is mounted on the thermal runaway triggering device and is connected to the gas processor through the ventilation duct.

9. A battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The real-time data recording device includes a thermocouple and a video recorder. The thermocouple is used to collect temperature and voltage changes during the experiment, and the video recorder is used to collect images of the experiment.

10. The battery fire extinguishing experimental device capable of spraying multiple forms of extinguishing agents according to claim 9, characterized in that, The real-time data recording device also includes a weighing device, which is used to weigh the extinguishing medium to obtain a preset mass of extinguishing medium.

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