A highly reliable adaptive stable power supply

Abstract

This utility model relates to a highly reliable adaptive stable power supply. It primarily addresses the technical problem of existing conventional battery systems having a narrow applicable temperature range, making it difficult to meet the stable power supply requirements of electromechanical equipment in extreme environments. The technical solution of this utility model is as follows: the stable power supply includes a temperature monitoring module, a temperature display module, a core control module, a power adapter module, and a power output interface. The output end of the temperature monitoring module is connected to the receiving end of the core control module, the control end of the core control module is connected to the interface of the power adapter module, and the output end of the core control module is connected to the display port of the temperature display module. The core control module is composed of a single-chip microcomputer; it receives monitored data and transmits it to the temperature display module in real time. It uses a neural network-based recognition method to determine the temperature range and sends timely commands to the power adapter module. The output end of the power adapter module is connected to the power output interface.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of battery power supply technology, specifically relating to a highly reliable adaptive stable power supply. Background Technology

[0002] my country has a vast territory, spanning over 5,500 kilometers from north to south, with significant differences in geography and climate, resulting in a wide range of temperature variations across the country. In winter, northern regions are affected by strong cold air masses from Siberia, with temperatures dropping below -40°C, while southern regions are moderated by a maritime climate, leading to relatively higher summer temperatures, potentially reaching +50°C. This huge north-south temperature difference, coupled with differences in altitude and topography between the east and west, results in a large range of fluctuations and significant non-uniformity in temperature distribution nationwide. In such a complex climatic environment, conventional battery systems, due to their narrow temperature operating range, are unable to meet the stable power supply requirements of electromechanical equipment in extreme environments.

[0003] Taking handheld thermometers as an example, in extremely cold regions, battery performance significantly degrades due to the low temperature, impacting the normal operation of the device in multiple ways. Specifically, increased internal resistance leads to lower output voltage, potentially causing startup difficulties and slower measurement response, thus affecting the accuracy of measurement results; simultaneously, rapid battery capacity decay shortens the device's lifespan. In high-temperature regions, decreased battery internal resistance may cause the output current to exceed the design range, resulting in distorted measurement values; high temperatures exacerbate corrosion of internal battery materials and increase reaction rates, leading to aging and damage to the battery plates, thereby shortening battery life. These changes in battery performance restrict the operating efficiency and measurement accuracy of thermometers in extreme environments, limiting the widespread application of related technologies. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a highly reliable, adaptive, and stable power supply that can be used in various complex temperature environments. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the technical problem of existing conventional battery systems having a narrow temperature operating range, making it difficult to meet the stable power supply requirements of electromechanical equipment in extreme environments. This invention provides a highly reliable, adaptive, and stable power supply. Through temperature sensing and dynamic power management strategies, this power supply automatically switches to the most suitable power source under different temperature conditions, ensuring stable equipment operation.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A highly reliable adaptive stable power supply includes a temperature monitoring module, a temperature display module, a core control module, a power adapter module, and a power output interface. The temperature data output terminal of the temperature monitoring module is connected to the data receiving terminal of the core control module. The control terminal of the core control module is connected to the instruction interface of the power adapter module. The temperature data output terminal of the core control module is connected to the temperature display port of the temperature display module. The core control module is composed of an STM32F407VGT microcontroller. It receives the temperature data monitored by the temperature monitoring module and transmits it to the temperature display module in real time. It determines the temperature range of the current ambient temperature using a neural network-based temperature range recognition method and sends control commands to the power supply circuit of the power adapter module in a timely manner. The power output terminal of the power adapter module is connected to the power output interface.

[0007] Furthermore, the temperature monitoring module consists of a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor and a resistor R8. One end of the resistor R8 is connected to the DQ pin of the digital temperature sensor, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded. The DQ pin of the digital temperature sensor is connected to the PA6 pin of the microcontroller (U1), the GND pin of the digital temperature sensor is grounded, and the VD pin of the digital temperature sensor is connected to a 3.3V power supply.

[0008] Furthermore, the temperature display module consists of a four-pin OLED display screen. The SDA pin of the OLED display screen is connected to the PB10 pin of the microcontroller (U1), the SCL pin of the OLED display screen is connected to the PB11 pin of the microcontroller (U1), the VCC pin of the OLED display screen is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and the GND pin of the OLED display screen is grounded.

[0009] Furthermore, the power adapter module consists of an EP4CE10E22C8N chip and a dual-module power unit; the dual-module power unit consists of a main power supply and a backup power supply, each power supply containing three types of batteries: high-temperature resistant batteries, room-temperature batteries, and low-temperature resistant batteries, as well as three LP5996 low-dropout converters connected to the three types of batteries respectively. The signal output terminal of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip is connected to the enable terminal of the six low-dropout converters.

[0010] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0011] This invention utilizes the DS18B20 temperature sensor to collect ambient temperature data in real time. The core control module receives the temperature data and determines the current ambient temperature range based on a neural network-based temperature range identification method. Based on the temperature range classification result, it sends a power supply switching command to the power adapter module. Upon receiving the command, the power adapter module uses the EP4CE10E22C8N chip, according to a dynamic power management strategy, to dynamically control the enable pin of the LP5996 low-dropout converter via digital logic output, selecting a suitable power supply from the dual-module power unit to achieve precise power switching. This invention uses the LP5996 low-dropout converter to convert the input voltage (3.6V or 3.7V) of different batteries into a stable 3.3V output voltage and provides an output current of 150mA or 300mA, ensuring stable operation of the device under different temperatures. By combining temperature sensing, dynamic power management strategy, and stable voltage output, this invention improves the operational stability and intelligence level of the device in extreme environments. It solves the technical problem of the narrow temperature range applicable to existing conventional battery systems, which makes it difficult to meet the stable power supply requirements of electromechanical equipment in extreme environments. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the advantages of high reliability, high level of intelligence and wide temperature application range. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0013] Figure 2 This is the circuit diagram of the DS18B20 in this utility model;

[0014] Figure 3 This is the OLED circuit diagram in this utility model;

[0015] Figure 4 This is the circuit diagram of the STM32F407VGT microcontroller in this utility model;

[0016] Figure 5 This is the circuit diagram of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip in this utility model;

[0017] Figure 6 This is the 3.3V power supply decoupling circuit diagram in this utility model;

[0018] Figure 7 This is the 1.2V power supply decoupling circuit diagram in this utility model;

[0019] Figure 8 This is the main power supply circuit in the dual-module power supply of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 9 This is the backup power supply circuit in the dual-module power supply of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, a high-reliability adaptive stable power supply in this embodiment includes a temperature monitoring module, a temperature display module, a core control module, a power adapter module, and a power output interface. The temperature data output terminal of the temperature monitoring module is connected to the data receiving terminal of the core control module. The control terminal of the core control module is connected to the instruction interface of the power adapter module. The temperature data output terminal of the core control module is connected to the temperature display port of the temperature display module. The core control module is composed of an STM32F407VGT microcontroller. It receives the temperature data monitored by the temperature monitoring module and transmits it to the temperature display module in real time. It determines the temperature range of the current ambient temperature through a temperature range recognition method based on a neural network and sends control instructions to the power supply circuit of the power adapter module in a timely manner. The power output terminal of the power adapter module is connected to the power output interface.

[0023] like Figure 2 As shown, the temperature monitoring module consists of a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor and a resistor R8. One end of the resistor R8 is connected to the DQ pin of the digital temperature sensor, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded. The DQ pin of the digital temperature sensor is connected to the PA6 pin of the microcontroller (STM32F407VGT) U1. The GND pin of the digital temperature sensor is grounded, and the VD pin of the digital temperature sensor is connected to a 3.3V power supply.

[0024] like Figure 3 As shown, the temperature display module consists of a four-pin OLED display. The SDA pin of the OLED display is connected to the PB10 pin of the microcontroller U1, the SCL pin is connected to the PB11 pin of the microcontroller U1, the VCC pin is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and the GND pin is grounded. I0 is used. 2 The C communication protocol enables data transmission and display.

[0025] like Figure 4 As shown, the core control module is composed of an STM32F407VGT microcontroller. Pin PA6 of the microcontroller (STM32F407VGT) U1 is connected to a DS18B20 temperature sensor for collecting ambient temperature data. Pins PB10 and PB11 of the microcontroller U1 are connected to the OLED display screen via I / O. 2The C-communication protocol enables real-time display of temperature information. Furthermore, pins PB15, PB14, PB13, and PB12 of microcontroller U1 are connected to the SPI2_MOSI, SPI2_MISO, SPI2_SCK, and SPI2_NSS pins of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5, ensuring accurate transmission of control commands and achieving efficient communication and control via the SPI communication protocol. The VDD pin of microcontroller U1 uses nine ceramic capacitors C6-C14 in parallel to achieve deep high-frequency noise filtering and enhance transient current response. The VDDA and VREF+ pins of microcontroller U1 employ a complementary filter network of four capacitors C2-C5 in parallel, effectively isolating digital power supply interference and stabilizing the analog module and ADC reference voltage. The NRST pin of microcontroller U1 uses an RC reset circuit to ensure the microcontroller resets correctly upon power-up. Resistor R3 limits the charging current to prevent voltage spikes caused by instantaneous capacitor charging, while capacitor C1 stores charge to ensure the stability of the reset signal.

[0026] U2 is an 8MHz crystal oscillator circuit. Its OUT pin is connected to the PH0 pin of the microcontroller U1 to provide a high-precision clock source for the chip. Its ST pin is fixed at a low level through a pull-down resistor R5 to prevent floating and unexpected shutdown. Its VCC pin is connected to a 3.3V power supply. U3 is an SWD debugging interface circuit. Its SWDIO (bidirectional data line) and SWCLK (signal clock) signal lines are connected to pull-up resistors R6 and R7 respectively to 3.3V to maintain an idle high level and improve communication reliability. The RESET pin is connected to the NRST pin of the microcontroller U1 to realize external forced reset control. U4 is a buzzer driver circuit, which uses an NPN transistor. Its base is connected to the PB0 pin of the microcontroller U1 through a series current-limiting resistor R2, so that the microcontroller U1 can drive the buzzer by outputting a high level. The collector controls the buzzer's on / off state through a switching mode. Resistor R1 limits the current flowing through the buzzer and is used for current adjustment and protection circuit.

[0027] like Figures 5-9As shown, the power adapter module consists of an EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5 and a dual-module power supply unit. The dual-module power supply unit consists of a main power supply and a backup power supply. Each power supply includes three types of batteries: high-temperature resistant batteries, room-temperature batteries, and low-temperature resistant batteries, as well as three LP5996 low-dropout converters connected to the three types of batteries respectively. The instruction output terminal of the microcontroller U1 in the core control module is connected to the instruction input terminal of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip, and the signal output terminal of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip is connected to the enable terminal of the six low-dropout converters. The high-temperature resistant batteries can be high-temperature resistant lithium batteries, such as 3.7V 32700, the room-temperature batteries can be lithium batteries such as 21700, and the low-temperature resistant batteries can be lithium batteries such as ER26500M.

[0028] Figure 5 The circuit for EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5. Figure 6 This is a 3.3V power supply decoupling circuit, consisting of 10 capacitors C32 to C41 connected in parallel. Its purpose is to filter out high-frequency noise on the power line and ensure the stability of the 3.3V power supply voltage. Its VCC3.3V pin is connected to the VCC3.3V pin of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5. Figure 7 This is a 1.2V power supply decoupling circuit, consisting of eight capacitors C42 to C49 connected in parallel. Its function is similar to that of the 3.3V decoupling circuit, aiming to filter out high-frequency noise and ensure the stability of the 1.2V power supply voltage. Its VCC1.2V pin is connected to the VCC1.2V pin of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5.

[0029] Figure 8This is the main power supply circuit for the dual-module power module. In this circuit, the VIN pin of the first low-dropout converter (LP5996) U6 is connected to a high-temperature resistant battery, such as a 3.7V 32700 lithium battery. Its EN1 and EN2 pins are connected to the EN1 and EN2 pins of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5, and its VOUT1 and VOUT2 pins are connected to the power output interface U0, thus enabling the power supply function of the high-temperature resistant battery. Furthermore, the VIN pin of the second low-dropout converter (LP5996) U7 is connected to a room-temperature battery, such as a 21700 lithium battery. Its EN3 and EN4 pins are connected to the EN3 and EN4 pins of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5, and its VOUT3 and VOUT4 pins are connected to the power output interface U0, thus enabling the power supply function of the room-temperature battery. The VIN pin of the third low-dropout converter (LP5996) U8 is connected to a low-temperature resistant battery, such as the ER26500M lithium battery. Its EN5 and EN6 pins are connected to the EN5 and EN6 pins of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5, and its VOUT5 and VOUT6 pins are connected to the power output interface U0, enabling power supply from the low-temperature resistant battery. The bypass capacitors C17, C18, C21, C22, C25, and C26 connected to the first, second, and third low-dropout converters U6, U7, and U8 are used for power filtering and voltage stabilization, removing high-frequency noise from the power lines and maintaining the normal operating voltage of the internal circuitry. The output capacitors C19, C20, C23, C24, C27, and C28 are used for output power filtering and voltage stabilization, resulting in a smoother output voltage, improved output voltage quality, and buffering effect by storing and releasing charge when the load current changes.

[0030] Figure 9 The backup power supply circuit in the dual-module power module has the same components and connection method as the main power supply circuit, ensuring that a stable backup power supply can be provided when the main power supply fails.

[0031] After receiving the power supply switching command from the core control module, the power adapter module uses the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5 to switch the circuit according to its internal dynamic power management strategy. During normal power supply, three low-dropout converters convert the input voltage (3.6V or 3.7V) of different batteries into a stable 3.3V output voltage, providing 150mA or 300mA of output current.

[0032] Specifically, based on the neural network-based temperature range identification method, when the device is in the low-temperature range, the STM32F407VGT microcontroller in the core control module sends a power switching circuit command to the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5 in the power adapter module via the SPI communication protocol, instructing it to activate the low-temperature resistant battery power supply circuit. Upon receiving the command, the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5, according to its internal dynamic power management strategy, activates the EN5 or EN6 pin of the third low-dropout converter U8, enabling the low-temperature resistant battery power supply circuit and providing power. If the main power supply fails, the EN51 or EN61 pin of the third low-dropout converter U11 in the backup power supply is activated, enabling the backup power supply.

[0033] When the device is in the normal temperature range, the STM32F407VGT microcontroller in the core control module compares the temperature and sends a command to the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5 in the power adapter module via the SPI communication protocol to switch to the normal temperature battery power supply circuit. Upon receiving the command, the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5, according to its internal dynamic power management strategy, activates the EN3 or EN4 pin of the second low-dropout converter U7, enabling the normal temperature battery power supply circuit. If the main power supply fails, it activates the EN31 or EN41 pin of the second low-dropout converter U10 in the backup power supply, enabling the backup power supply.

[0034] When the device is in a high-temperature range, the STM32F407VGT microcontroller in the core control module compares the temperature and sends a command to the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5 in the power adapter module to switch to the high-temperature resistant battery power supply circuit via the SPI communication protocol. Upon receiving the command, the EP4CE10E22C8N chip U5, according to its internal dynamic power management strategy, activates the EN2 or EN1 pin of the first low-dropout converter U6, enabling the high-temperature resistant battery power supply circuit and providing power. If the main power supply fails, it activates the EN21 or EN11 pin of the first low-dropout converter U9 in the backup power supply, enabling the backup power supply.

Claims

1. A highly reliable adaptive stable power supply, characterized in that: It includes a temperature monitoring module, a temperature display module, a core control module, a power adapter module, and a power output interface. The temperature data output terminal of the temperature monitoring module is connected to the data receiving terminal of the core control module. The control terminal of the core control module is connected to the instruction interface of the power adapter module. The temperature data output terminal of the core control module is connected to the temperature display port of the temperature display module. The core control module is composed of an STM32F407VGT microcontroller. It receives the temperature data monitored by the temperature monitoring module and transmits it to the temperature display module in real time. It determines the current ambient temperature range and sends control power supply circuit commands to the power adapter module. The power output terminal of the power adapter module is connected to the power output interface.

2. The high reliability adaptive stable power supply of claim 1, wherein: The temperature monitoring module consists of a DS18B20 digital temperature sensor and a resistor R8. One end of the resistor R8 is connected to the DQ pin of the digital temperature sensor, and the other end of the resistor R8 is grounded. The DQ pin of the digital temperature sensor is connected to the PA6 pin of the microcontroller (U1). The GND pin of the digital temperature sensor is grounded, and the VD pin of the digital temperature sensor is connected to a 3.3V power supply.

3. The high reliability adaptive stable power supply of claim 1, wherein: The temperature display module consists of a four-pin OLED display screen. The SDA pin of the OLED display screen is connected to the PB10 pin of the microcontroller (U1), the SCL pin of the OLED display screen is connected to the PB11 pin of the microcontroller (U1), the VCC pin of the OLED display screen is connected to a 3.3V power supply, and the GND pin of the OLED display screen is grounded.

4. The high reliability adaptive stable power supply of claim 1, wherein: The power adapter module consists of an EP4CE10E22C8N chip and a dual-module power unit. The dual-module power unit consists of a main power supply and a backup power supply. Each power supply includes three types of batteries: high-temperature resistant batteries, room-temperature batteries, and low-temperature resistant batteries, as well as three LP5996 low-dropout converters connected to the three types of batteries respectively. The signal output terminal of the EP4CE10E22C8N chip is connected to the enable terminal of the six low-dropout converters.

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