Over-current protection monitoring device for power adapter and USB interface of terminal equipment

Abstract

The application relates to an overcurrent protection monitoring device of a power adapter and a USB interface of a terminal device, which comprises an input end, a power switch element, a detection element, a power supply output end, a comparison element and a control unit, the input end is connected with the power switch element, the output end of the power switch element is connected with the input end of the detection element, one input end of the comparison element is connected with the input end of the detection element, the other input end of the comparison element is connected with the output end of the detection element, the output end of the comparison element is respectively connected with the input end of the control unit and the control end of the power switch element, the output end of the control unit is connected with the control end of the power switch element, and the output end of the detection element is also connected with the power supply output end. The device outputs the control signals for turning on or turning off the control power switch element to the control unit and the comparison element added at both ends of the detection element, so that overcurrent protection of the USB interface is simultaneously realized from the hardware layer and the software layer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of circuit overcurrent protection technology, and in particular to an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a power adapter and USB interface of a terminal device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the overcurrent protection (OCP) of the proportional microcontroller (PD) control chip ICs commonly used in laptops and similar terminal products on the market is around 3A, with a maximum overcurrent protection current of 5A. The maximum power of the adapters used in these terminal products is 100W, meaning the VBUS power supply voltage on the USB bus in the adapter circuit is 20V. When the current in the adapter circuit exceeds the maximum threshold of 5A, it will directly damage the proportional microcontroller (PD) control chip IC, causing serious damage to the terminal product. Utility Model Content

[0003] This application provides an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a power adapter and USB interface of a terminal device, which solves the technical problem that the overcurrent protection mechanism in the circuit of the existing adapter is damaged when the current exceeds the maximum threshold.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution:

[0005] In a first aspect, an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface is provided, comprising: an input terminal, a power switch element, a detection element, a power supply output terminal, a comparator element, and a control unit. The input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the power switch element, the output terminal of the power switch element is connected to the input terminal of the detection element, one input terminal of the comparator element is connected to the input terminal of the detection element, the other input terminal of the comparator element is connected to the output terminal of the detection element, the output terminal of the comparator element is connected to both the input terminal of the control unit and the control terminal of the power switch element, the output terminal of the control unit is connected to the control terminal of the power switch element, and the output terminal of the detection element is also connected to the power supply output terminal.

[0006] The detection element is used to detect the voltage drop data flowing through the detection element;

[0007] The comparator element is used to compare the voltage drop data with its set voltage drop threshold, output a control signal, and input the control signal to the power switch element to control it to turn off or on.

[0008] The control unit is used to control the power switching element to turn off or on according to the control signal;

[0009] The power switch element is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal and the power output terminal.

[0010] Preferably, the power switching element is a MOSFET, the gate of the MOSFET serves as the control terminal of the power switching element, and the gate of the MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the comparator and the output terminal of the control unit, respectively.

[0011] Preferably, the comparison element is a comparator, and the voltage drop threshold is the voltage drop data of the maximum input current of the USB interface flowing through the detection element.

[0012] Preferably, the control unit is an embedded controller.

[0013] Preferably, the overcurrent protection monitoring device for the USB interface includes a high-voltage load switch and a charging management unit. The input terminal is connected to the high-voltage load switch, the high-voltage load switch is connected to the charging management unit, and the charging management unit is connected to the power switch element.

[0014] Preferably, the high-voltage load switch is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal and the power switch element.

[0015] Preferably, the charging management unit is used to regulate the voltage output to the power supply output terminal.

[0016] Preferably, the detection element is a resistor.

[0017] Preferably, the input terminal is a Type-C interface; and / or, the power output terminal is connected to the terminal device.

[0018] Secondly, a power adapter for a terminal device is provided, including the overcurrent protection monitoring device for the USB interface described above.

[0019] The terminal device's power adapter and USB interface overcurrent protection monitoring device includes an input terminal, a power switch element, a detection element, a power output terminal, a comparator element, and a control unit. The input terminal is connected to the power switch element, which is connected to the detection element, comparator element, and control unit. One input terminal of the comparator element is connected to the input terminal of the detection element, and the other input terminal is connected to the output terminal of the detection element. The output terminal of the comparator element is connected to the input terminal of the control unit and the control terminal of the power switch element. The output terminal of the control unit is connected to the control terminal of the power switch element. The output terminal of the detection element is also connected to the power output terminal. The detection element is used to detect the voltage drop data flowing through it. The comparator element is used to compare the voltage drop data with its set voltage drop threshold and output a control signal. The control signal is then input to the power switch element to control its shutdown or activation. The control unit is used to control the power switch element to shut down or activate according to the control signal. The power switch element is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal and the power output terminal.

[0020] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, this application has the following advantages: the circuit logic of the overcurrent protection monitoring device for the USB interface is simple and direct, and the cost is low; by adding a comparator at both ends of the detection element, the voltage drop data detected by the detection element is compared with the voltage drop threshold set in the comparator to obtain a control signal and send it to the control unit and the power switch element, thereby controlling the power switch element to turn on or off, and realizing overcurrent protection of the USB interface from both the hardware and software levels; it solves the technical problem that the overcurrent protection mechanism in the circuit of the existing adapter is damaged when the current exceeds the maximum threshold.

[0021] The power adapter of this terminal device monitors current through an overcurrent protection monitoring device on the USB interface, directly sensing the overall power consumption of the terminal device. Abnormal overcurrents (such as short circuits or sudden load changes) in the CPU, peripherals, or other submodules of the terminal device can be captured in real time on the bus, ensuring comprehensive protection of the entire terminal device, preventing the spread of local faults, and extending the battery life of the terminal device. In battery-powered scenarios, it avoids battery over-discharge or overheating caused by overcurrent, improving the safety of the terminal device. There is no need to deploy separate overcurrent protection circuits in each submodule of the terminal device, reducing redundant components (such as multiple fuses / detection ICs), lowering costs, and reducing circuit board area. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of the overcurrent protection monitoring device for the USB interface described in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to another embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the inventive objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of this application, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0027] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0028] In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0029] Patent terminology used in this application:

[0030] Turning off a MOSFET refers to the process of switching the MOSFET from the on state to the off state.

[0031] An embedded controller is a control system used to execute specified independent control functions and has the ability to process data in complex ways. It is an electronic device or apparatus controlled by embedded microelectronic technology chips (including a series of microelectronic devices such as microprocessor chips, timers, sequence generators, or controllers), and can perform various automated processing tasks such as monitoring and control.

[0032] This application provides an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a power adapter and USB interface of a terminal device, which solves the technical problem that the overcurrent protection mechanism in the circuit of the existing adapter is damaged when the current exceeds the maximum threshold.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overcurrent protection monitoring device for the USB interface described in this application embodiment.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this application provides an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface, including an input terminal 10, a power switch element 20, a detection element 30, a power output terminal 40, a comparator element 50, and a control unit 60. The input terminal 10 is connected to the input terminal of the power switch element 20, and the output terminal of the power switch element 20 is connected to the input terminal of the detection element 30. One input terminal of the comparator element 50 is connected to the input terminal of the detection element 30, and the other input terminal of the comparator element 50 is connected to the output terminal of the detection element 30. The output terminal of the comparator element 50 is connected to both the input terminal of the control unit 60 and the control terminal of the power switch element 20. The output terminal of the control unit 60 is connected to the control terminal of the power switch element 20. The output terminal of the detection element 30 is also connected to the power output terminal 40.

[0036] It should be noted that the power switching element 20 can be selected as a MOSFET, with the gate of the MOSFET serving as the control terminal. The gate of the MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the comparator element 50 and the output terminal of the control unit 60, respectively. The source of the MOSFET is connected to the input terminal 10, and the drain of the MOSFET is connected to the detection element 30. The comparator element 50 can be selected as a comparator. The control unit 60 can be selected as an embedded controller. The detection element 30 can be selected as a resistor. The input terminal 10 can be selected as a Type-C interface. The power output terminal 40 is connected to the terminal device and is used for voltage output to power the terminal device. In this embodiment, the terminal device can be a laptop, mobile phone, etc. The Type-C interface can be used as a USB Type-C power input terminal, typically used for device power supply. In other embodiments, the power switching element 20 can also be selected as an IGBT or a thyristor, etc.

[0037] In this embodiment, the detection element 30 is used to detect the voltage drop data flowing through the detection element 30.

[0038] It should be noted that the voltage drop data detected by the sensing element 30 is calculated by multiplying the current flowing through the sensing element 30 and the resistance value of the sensing element 30 itself. This can be understood as multiplying the resistance value by the current to obtain the voltage drop data. The sensing element 30 inputs the voltage drop data into the comparator element 50.

[0039] In this embodiment, the comparator 50 is used to compare the voltage drop data with its set voltage drop threshold, output a control signal, and input the control signal to the power switch element 20 to control its turn-off or turn-on.

[0040] It should be noted that the control signal can be a high-level signal or a low-level signal. The voltage drop threshold is the voltage drop data when the maximum input current of the USB interface flows through the detection element 30. In this embodiment, in the comparator element 50, when the voltage drop data is not less than the voltage threshold, the control signal output by the comparator element 50 is a low-level signal, controlling the power switch element 20 to turn off; when the voltage drop data is less than the voltage threshold, the control signal output by the comparator element 50 is a high-level signal, controlling the power switch element 20 to turn on, thereby realizing overcurrent or overvoltage protection of the USB interface's power supply voltage at the hardware level. The control signal output by the comparator element 50 is fed back to the control unit 60 and the control terminal (such as the gate of the MOSFET) of the power switch element 20.

[0041] In this embodiment, the control unit 60 is used to control the power switching element 20 to turn off or on according to the control signal.

[0042] It should be noted that the control unit 60 is used to control the power switch element 20 to turn off when the control signal is low, and to control the power switch element 20 to turn on when the control signal is high. In this embodiment, the overcurrent protection monitoring device of the USB interface provides overcurrent or overvoltage protection for the power supply voltage of the USB interface from the software level by controlling the power switch element 20 to turn on or off according to the control signal through the control unit 60.

[0043] In this embodiment, the power switch element 20 is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal 10 and the power output terminal 40.

[0044] It should be noted that the on or off state of the power switch element 20 controls the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the control input terminal 10 and the power output terminal 40, thereby achieving overvoltage / overcurrent protection for the USB interface.

[0045] In this embodiment, the overcurrent protection monitoring device for the USB interface adds a comparison element 50 to both ends of the detection element 30. The voltage drop data detected by the detection element 30 is compared with the voltage drop threshold set in the comparison element 50 to obtain a control signal which is sent to the control unit 60 and the power switch element 20 to control the power switch element 20 to turn on or off, thereby realizing overcurrent protection of the USB interface from both the hardware and software levels.

[0046] It should be noted that the overcurrent protection monitoring device for this USB interface has a simple and direct circuit logic and is low in cost. This device monitors the current at the power output terminal 40 via a detection element 30, directly sensing the overall power consumption of the USB interface. Any abnormal overcurrent (such as short circuits or sudden load changes) in the CPU, peripherals, or other submodules within the control unit 60 can be captured in real time on the bus, ensuring comprehensive protection of the entire USB interface and preventing the spread of localized faults. This overcurrent protection monitoring device is used to power terminal devices, extending their battery life: in battery-powered scenarios, it prevents over-discharge or overheating caused by overcurrent, improving the safety of the terminal device.

[0047] This application provides an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface, comprising an input terminal, a power switch element, a detection element, a power supply output terminal, a comparator element, and a control unit. The input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the power switch element, and the output terminal of the power switch element is connected to the input terminal of the detection element. One input terminal of the comparator element is connected to the input terminal of the detection element, and the other input terminal of the comparator element is connected to the output terminal of the detection element. The output terminal of the comparator element is connected to both the input terminal of the control unit and the control terminal of the power switch element. The output terminal of the control unit is connected to the control terminal of the power switch element. The output terminal of the detection element is also connected to the power supply output terminal. The detection element is used to detect the voltage drop data flowing through it. The comparator element is used to compare the voltage drop data with a set voltage drop threshold and output a control signal; and input the control signal to the power switch element to control its shutdown or activation. The control unit is used to control the power switch element to shut down or activate according to the control signal. The power switch element is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal and the power supply output terminal. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for this USB interface has a simple and direct circuit logic and low cost. By adding a comparator at both ends of the detection element, the voltage drop data detected by the detection element is compared with the voltage drop threshold set in the comparator to obtain a control signal, which is then sent to the control unit and the power switch element to control the power switch element to turn on or off. This achieves overcurrent protection for the USB interface from both hardware and software levels, solving the technical problem in existing adapter circuits where the overcurrent protection mechanism is damaged when the current exceeds the maximum threshold.

[0048] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the frame of an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to another embodiment of this application.

[0049] like Figure 2 As shown, in one embodiment of this application, the overcurrent protection monitoring device of the USB interface includes a high-voltage load switch 70 and a charging management unit 80. The input terminal 10 is connected to the high-voltage load switch 70, the high-voltage load switch 70 is connected to the charging management unit 80, and the charging management unit 80 is connected to the power switch element 20.

[0050] It should be noted that the high-voltage load switch 70 is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal 10 and the power switch element 20. The charging management unit 80 is used to regulate the voltage from the output to the power supply output terminal 40. In this embodiment, the high-voltage load switch 70 is used to disconnect or connect the circuit between devices or equipment. The high-voltage load switch 70 can be a mechanical switch or other types of switches. The charging management unit 80 is a relatively mature technology in the field. For example, the charging management unit is a relatively independent unit in the charging of the device, including a charging circuit, a battery sensor, a charging status indicator light drive circuit, etc.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] This application provides a power adapter for a terminal device, including the aforementioned overcurrent protection monitoring device for the USB interface.

[0053] It should be noted that the overcurrent protection monitoring device of the USB interface has been described in Embodiment 1 and will not be repeated in this embodiment. In this embodiment, the power adapter of the terminal device monitors the current through the overcurrent protection monitoring device of the USB interface, and can directly sense the overall power consumption of the terminal device. Abnormal overcurrents (such as short circuits or sudden load changes) in the CPU, peripherals, or other sub-modules of the terminal device can be captured on the bus in real time, ensuring comprehensive protection of the entire terminal device, preventing the spread of local faults, and extending the battery life of the terminal device. In battery-powered scenarios, it avoids over-discharge or overheating of the battery caused by overcurrent, improving the safety of the terminal device. There is no need to deploy separate overcurrent protection circuits in each sub-module of the terminal device, reducing redundant components (such as multiple fuses / detection ICs), lowering costs and reducing circuit board area.

[0054] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface, characterized in that, include: The system comprises an input terminal, a power switch element, a detection element, a power supply output terminal, a comparator element, and a control unit. The input terminal is connected to the input terminal of the power switch element, the output terminal of the power switch element is connected to the input terminal of the detection element, one input terminal of the comparator element is connected to the input terminal of the detection element, the other input terminal of the comparator element is connected to the output terminal of the detection element, the output terminal of the comparator element is connected to both the input terminal of the control unit and the control terminal of the power switch element, the output terminal of the control unit is connected to the control terminal of the power switch element, and the output terminal of the detection element is also connected to the power supply output terminal. The detection element is used to detect the voltage drop data flowing through the detection element; The comparator element is used to compare the voltage drop data with its set voltage drop threshold, output a control signal, and input the control signal to the power switch element to control it to turn off or on. The control unit is used to control the power switching element to turn off or on according to the control signal; The power switch element is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal and the power output terminal.

2. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power switching element is a MOSFET, and the gate of the MOSFET serves as the control terminal of the power switching element. The gate of the MOSFET is connected to the output terminal of the comparator and the output terminal of the control unit, respectively.

3. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The comparison element is a comparator, and the voltage drop threshold is the voltage drop data of the maximum input current of the USB interface flowing through the detection element.

4. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control unit is an embedded controller.

5. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, It includes a high-voltage load switch and a charging management unit. The input terminal is connected to the high-voltage load switch, the high-voltage load switch is connected to the charging management unit, and the charging management unit is connected to the power switch element.

6. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to claim 5, characterized in that, The high-voltage load switch is used to control the connection or disconnection of the circuit between the input terminal and the power switch element.

7. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to claim 5, characterized in that, The charging management unit is used to regulate the voltage output to the power supply output terminal.

8. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The detection element is a resistor.

9. The overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The input terminal is a Type-C interface; and / or, the power output terminal is connected to the terminal device.

10. A power adapter for a terminal device, characterized in that, Includes an overcurrent protection monitoring device for a USB interface as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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