Super-span saddle shell

Abstract

The utility model relates to saddle -shaped shell plate technical field especially a kind of super-large span's saddle -shaped shell plate.The super-large span saddle -shaped shell plate includes the shell plate body with span greater than 27m, the both ends of shell plate body are equipped with crescent fender, and the support above near fender is provided with reinforcing rib, and the cross rib is equipped in the 1 / 2 of the span of shell plate body, and the structure of cross rib is same with fender;When the span of shell plate body is greater than 33m, additional cross rib is additionally provided in the 1 / 4 of the span of shell plate body, and the bottom of additional cross rib is provided with water hole;The both sides of shell plate body are equipped with longitudinal rib, and longitudinal rib is located in the upper mouth of shell plate body;The top of shell plate body is equipped with steel support structure, and steel support structure is connected with the upper edge of shell plate body to form horizontal truss.The utility model is combined by cross rib, upper mouth longitudinal rib and steel support truss, solves the three major core defects of traditional large-span saddle -shaped shell plate, can both enhance stability, and avoid material waste.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of saddle-shaped shell plate technology, and in particular to a saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional large-span saddle-shaped shell plates (span exceeding 27m) exhibit significant stability defects when subjected to large loads due to limitations in structural design and material properties. Specifically:

[0003] 1. High risk of structural instability: The upper edge of the shell plate is extremely prone to instability under horizontal bending moment, with an instability factor of only 8.7 (first-order mode, such as...). Figure 1 (as shown) and 12.0 (second-order mode, such as) Figure 2 As shown in the figure, cracks or even structural damage may occur during transportation, hoisting and use, seriously affecting the safety and durability of the components.

[0004] 2. Thin walls and insufficient support: The shell is thin and lacks effective lateral support, resulting in an excessively long unsupported length, which further exacerbates the instability problem.

[0005] 3. Conflict between materials and self-weight: If stability is improved simply by increasing the wall thickness, the amount of concrete used and the self-weight of the component will be greatly increased, which will not only increase the cost, but also affect the convenience of construction and structural efficiency.

[0006] These problems severely restrict the application of large-span saddle-shaped shell plates, and there is an urgent need for an optimized solution that can both enhance stability and avoid material waste. Utility Model Content

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is: in order to solve the problems of high risk of structural instability, insufficient support due to thin walls and contradiction between material and self-weight in the existing technology mentioned above, a saddle-shaped shell plate with ultra-large span is provided, which can enhance stability and avoid material waste.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is as follows: an ultra-large span saddle-shaped shell plate, including a shell plate body with a span greater than 27m, crescent-shaped water-retaining plates at both ends of the shell plate body, reinforcing ribs near the water-retaining plates, and transverse ribs at the middle 1 / 2 of the span of the shell plate body, the transverse ribs having the same structure as the water-retaining plates; when the span of the shell plate body is greater than 33m, additional transverse ribs are added at 1 / 4 of the span of the shell plate body, and water passage holes are opened at the bottom of the additional transverse ribs; longitudinal ribs are provided on both sides of the shell plate body, the longitudinal ribs being located at the upper opening of the shell plate body; a steel support structure is provided at the top of the shell plate body, the steel support structure being connected to the upper edge of the shell plate body to form a horizontal truss.

[0009] The crescent-shaped water-retaining plate collects rainwater, preventing water from falling freely from the ends, and also serves as end reinforcement, improving the crack resistance of the shell plate ends; the reinforcing ribs can disperse stress and prevent concrete cracking or deformation; the addition of transverse ribs at the mid-span of the shell plate significantly improves the lateral stiffness of the shell plate and reduces the risk of bending moment instability in the mid-span area; when the span is >33m, transverse ribs are added at the 1 / 4 span to further reduce the unsupported length of the shell plate and avoid deformation or cracking of long-span shell plates due to local loads or transportation vibrations; the water passage holes ensure smooth drainage on the concave surface of the shell plate, preventing water accumulation from increasing additional loads or affecting structural durability; the longitudinal ribs at the top widen the upper edge of the shell plate, reduce the length-to-width ratio, improve the stability of the compression zone, and prevent buckling instability of the upper edge under axial pressure and horizontal bending moment. The steel support structure forms a horizontal truss with the upper edge of the shell plate, which greatly enhances the overall bending and torsional resistance, increasing the buckling factor of the shell plate by more than 10 times under ultra-large span (>27m) or heavy load conditions, and avoiding the instability problem caused by the excessive unsupported length of traditional shell plates.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the structure of the additional transverse rib is the same as that of the water baffle.

[0011] Limit the height of additional transverse ribs to avoid stacking or transportation difficulties caused by excessively high ribs.

[0012] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the longitudinal rib is a flat plate structure extending horizontally outward from the upper opening of the shell plate body. The upper longitudinal rib significantly improves compressive stability by widening the pressure-bearing area and reducing the height-to-width ratio.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the steel support structure includes straight web support steel and diagonal web support steel. The straight web support steel is located at the top of both ends of the shell plate body, and the diagonal web support steel is connected between the two straight web support steels.

[0014] Straight web members are fixed to both ends of the shell plate, while diagonal web members form a truss structure, reducing the length of the unsupported section at the upper edge of the saddle-shaped shell plate.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the shell plate body is provided with embedded parts, and the straight web support steel and the diagonal web support steel are both welded to the embedded parts.

[0016] Pre-embedded components ensure a reliable connection between the steel supports and the concrete shell, avoiding structural damage from on-site drilling. Welded connections offer convenient construction and high rigidity, making them suitable for the load-bearing requirements of large-span structures.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the straight web support steel and the diagonal web support steel are round tubes or angle steel.

[0018] Round tubes have greater axial tensile and compressive strength, further reducing the length-to-width ratio of longitudinal ribs; angle steel is easy to weld and has low cost, and materials can be flexibly selected according to actual load requirements.

[0019] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a drain outlet is provided on the concave surface on the outer side of the reinforcing rib.

[0020] This design prevents water accumulation in the water-blocking area, reduces local load, and also prevents the concrete from freezing and cracking in winter.

[0021] According to one embodiment of the present invention, in order to facilitate hoisting, a hoisting hole is also provided on the concave surface on the outer side of the reinforcing rib.

[0022] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a support integrally cast with the outer bottom surface of the shell plate body is provided, and the reinforcing rib is located above the support.

[0023] The support and shell plate are cast integrally to ensure connection strength and avoid the installation error or loosening risk of traditional split supports.

[0024] According to one embodiment of this utility model, the reinforcing rib has a fan-shaped structure and a water outlet at its lower part. The water outlet can prevent water accumulation in the fan-shaped rib area and ensure that rainwater can be smoothly discharged to the drain along the concave surface of the shell plate.

[0025] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: This utility model solves the three major defects of traditional large-span saddle-shaped shell plates through the combined design of transverse ribs, upper longitudinal ribs, and steel support trusses.

[0026] (1) The transverse ribs shorten the unsupported length, the longitudinal ribs reduce the length-to-width ratio, and the steel supports provide out-of-plane support for the upper edge, further reducing the length-to-width ratio of the longitudinal ribs;

[0027] (2) Local reinforcement replaces overall thickening, reducing concrete usage and overall self-weight;

[0028] (3) Embedded parts and welded steel supports avoid on-site damage, and the installation reliability of hoisting holes and supports is optimized;

[0029] This invention is particularly suitable for heavy-duty roofs with spans greater than 27m (or even 33m or more), ensuring structural safety while also taking into account economy and ease of construction. Attached Figure Description

[0030] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0031] Figure 1 It is the first-order modal diagram of a traditional large-span saddle-shaped shell plate.

[0032] Figure 2 It is a second-order modal diagram of a traditional large-span saddle-shaped shell plate.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Top view.

[0035] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Sectional view along the AA direction.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the stacked structure of Embodiment 2 of this utility model.

[0038] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the stacked structure of the comparative example two of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 9 This is a structural schematic diagram of Embodiment 3 of this utility model.

[0040] In the diagram: 1. Shell body; 10. Support; 11. Concave surface; 12. Drain outlet; 13. Lifting hole; 2. Water baffle; 3. Horizontal rib; 4. Longitudinal rib; 5. Additional horizontal rib; 51. Water passage hole; 6. Continuous wooden block; 7. Wooden block; 8. Steel support structure; 81. Straight web support steel; 82. Diagonal web support steel; 9. Reinforcing rib; 91. Water passage. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic diagrams, illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention, and therefore only show the components relevant to the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] like Figures 3-5As shown, a super-large span saddle-shaped shell plate includes a shell plate body 1 with a span greater than 27m. Crescent-shaped baffles 2 are provided at both ends of the shell plate body 1. Reinforcing ribs 9 are provided near the baffles 2, and these ribs have a fan-shaped structure with water inlets 91 at their lower parts. Transverse ribs 3 are provided at the mid-span halfway point of the shell plate body 1 (i.e., the highest point in the mid-span, where water flows towards both ends), and the structure of the transverse ribs 3 is the same as that of the baffles 2. Longitudinal ribs 4 are provided on both sides of the shell plate body 1, located at the upper opening of the shell plate body 1. The crescent-shaped transverse ribs 3 do not affect bidirectional drainage along the slope, and the material increase for the transverse ribs 3 is very limited. Adding longitudinal ribs 4 to the upper edge of the shell plate body 1, i.e., widening the upper opening of the shell plate body 1, effectively reduces the length-to-width ratio of the upper edge, improving instability resistance. The saddle-shaped shell plate is under tension below the neutral axis and under compression above the neutral axis, with the upper part resembling a column under axial compression. The smaller the height-to-width ratio of the column, the stronger its resistance to instability. Finite element modal analysis has also confirmed this, and increasing the area of ​​the compression zone is also beneficial to increasing the bending bearing capacity of the saddle-shaped shell plate and reducing deflection.

[0044] The shell body 1 has an integrally cast support 10 on its outer bottom surface. A drain outlet 12 is provided on the concave surface 11 on the outer side of the reinforcing rib 9. Lifting holes 13 are provided on the concave surfaces 11 on both sides of the drain outlet 12. The longitudinal rib 4 is a flat plate structure extending horizontally outward from the top of the shell body. The height of the transverse rib 3 must not affect the bidirectional drainage along the slope of the shell body 1; therefore, its height is ≤ 1 / 2 of the height of the shell body 1.

[0045] Transverse rib 3 shortens the unsupported length of the shell plate at mid-span, reducing the risk of horizontal bending moment instability and significantly improving the buckling factor. Longitudinal rib 4 reduces the aspect ratio of its upper edge, making the compression zone more like a "column" rather than a "thin plate," and finite element analysis confirms its enhanced buckling resistance. Both transverse rib 3 and longitudinal rib 4 are local reinforcements with minimal material increments, avoiding the weight increase caused by traditional overall thickening. The height restriction of transverse rib 3 ensures that stacking is not affected, and the drain outlet 12 and lifting hole 13 of the water baffle 2 combine functionality and ease of construction. The integrally cast support 10 improves installation stability and avoids the risk of loosening of the split support 10.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that when the span of the shell body 1 is greater than 33m, an additional transverse rib 5 is added at 1 / 4 of the span of the shell body 1, and a water passage hole 51 is opened at the bottom of the additional transverse rib 5. Figure 7 As shown, the additional transverse rib 5 has the same structure as the water baffle 2. When several shell bodies 1 are stacked, a continuous wooden block 6 is placed on the ground, and wooden blocks 7 are set between adjacent shell bodies 1. The transverse rib 3 and the additional transverse rib 5 do not affect the stacking height.

[0048] The additional transverse rib 5 further shortens the unsupported length, dividing the shell plate into smaller stress units and avoiding local instability of long-span shell plates. The water passage hole 51 ensures that water accumulated on the concave surface 11 can be drained smoothly. The low design of the additional transverse rib 5, combined with the wooden blocks, allows for multi-layer stacking without affecting transportation efficiency.

[0049] Comparative Example 1

[0050] like Figure 8 As shown, if the transverse ribs 3 and / or the additional transverse ribs 5 can be made at the upper opening of the shell body 1, its buckling factor will increase slightly, and its resistance to instability will be slightly improved. However, the effect is not obvious and it will seriously affect the stacking height.

[0051] Therefore, in Embodiment 2, an additional transverse rib 5 is added compared to Embodiment 1. Its height is limited to half the height of the shell plate body 1, which improves stability and solves the stacking problem by using wooden blocks. The drainage hole 51 specifically addresses drainage requirements.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] When the span of the saddle plate is larger, or when it needs to withstand more roof loads, the solutions in Embodiments 1 and 2 are still insufficient to resist instability. Therefore, a steel support structure 8 needs to be provided at the top of the shell plate body 1, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the steel support structure 8 connects to the upper edge of the shell plate body 1 to form a horizontal truss, greatly increasing its instability capacity. Finite element modal analysis results show that it can increase the buckling factor by more than 10 times. Specifically, the steel support structure 8 includes straight web support steel 81 and diagonal web support steel 82. The straight web support steel 81 is located at the top of both ends of the shell plate body 1, and the diagonal web support steel 82 connects the two straight web support steels 81. Embedded parts (not shown in the figure, pre-embedded during the casting of the shell plate body 1) are provided inside the shell plate body 1. After the shell plate body 1 is hoisted to the roof, the straight web support steel 81 and the diagonal web support steel 82 are welded to the embedded parts. The straight web support steel 81 and the diagonal web support steel 82 can be made of round tubes or angle steel.

[0054] Further reducing the out-of-plane unsupported length of the upper edge decreases the aspect ratio, increasing the buckling factor by more than 10 times, making it suitable for ultra-large spans or heavy-load conditions. Pre-embedded parts and welded connections avoid damage to the concrete caused by on-site drilling, and the supporting steel can be installed later, reducing transportation difficulties.

[0055] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of this utility model, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this utility model. The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span, comprising a shell plate body (1) with a span greater than 27m, characterized in that: The shell body (1) is provided with crescent-shaped water baffles (2) at both ends, and reinforcing ribs (9) are provided near the water baffles (2). A transverse rib (3) is provided at the middle half of the span of the shell body (1). The structure of the transverse rib (3) is the same as that of the water baffle (2). When the span of the shell body (1) is greater than 33m, an additional transverse rib (5) is added at the middle quarter of the span of the shell body (1). A water passage hole (51) is opened at the bottom of the additional transverse rib (5). The shell body (1) is provided with longitudinal ribs (4) on both sides. The longitudinal ribs (4) are located at the upper opening of the shell body (1). The top of the shell body (1) is provided with a steel support structure (8). The steel support structure (8) is connected to the upper edge of the shell body (1) to form a horizontal truss.

2. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 1, characterized in that: The structure of the additional transverse rib (5) is the same as that of the baffle plate (2).

3. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 1, characterized in that: The longitudinal rib (4) is a flat plate structure that extends horizontally outward from the upper opening of the shell plate body (1).

4. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel support structure (8) includes straight web support steel (81) and diagonal web support steel (82). The straight web support steel (81) is located at the top of both ends of the shell body (1), and the diagonal web support steel (82) is connected between the two straight web support steels (81).

5. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shell plate body (1) is provided with embedded parts, and the straight web support steel (81) and the diagonal web support steel (82) are both welded to the embedded parts.

6. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 4, characterized in that: The straight web support steel (81) and the diagonal web support steel (82) are round tubes or angle steel.

7. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drain outlet (12) is provided on the concave surface (11) on the outer side of the reinforcing rib (9).

8. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 1, characterized in that: The concave surface (11) on the outer side of the reinforcing rib (9) is also provided with a hoisting hole (13).

9. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer bottom surface of the shell plate body (1) is provided with a support (10) integrally cast therewith, and the reinforcing rib (9) is located above the support (10).

10. The saddle-shaped shell plate with an ultra-large span according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reinforcing rib (9) has a fan-shaped structure and a water inlet (91) at its lower part.

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